1 00:00:05,166 --> 00:00:06,166 >> Sreenivasan: ON THIS EDITION 2 00:00:06,166 --> 00:00:08,133 FOR SUNDAY, AUGUST 9: QUESTIONS 3 00:00:08,133 --> 00:00:09,400 ABOUT THE PRESIDENT'S POWERS 4 00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:11,366 AFTER HIS EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 5 00:00:11,366 --> 00:00:12,566 THE RISK OF SPEEDING UP THE 6 00:00:12,566 --> 00:00:16,233 CENSUS COUNT. 7 00:00:16,233 --> 00:00:17,733 SIX YEARS AFTER FERGUSON, THE 8 00:00:17,733 --> 00:00:18,900 LEGACY OF MICHAEL BROWN'S 9 00:00:18,900 --> 00:00:21,166 KILLING. 10 00:00:21,166 --> 00:00:22,566 AND WHAT MAY BE THE END OF AN 11 00:00:22,566 --> 00:00:24,600 ERA FOR POLITICAL CONVENTIONS. 12 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:29,266 NEXT ON "PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND." 13 00:00:29,266 --> 00:00:31,200 >> PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND IS MADE 14 00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:32,833 POSSIBLE BY: 15 00:00:32,833 --> 00:00:36,100 SUE AND EDGAR WACHENHEIM III. 16 00:00:36,100 --> 00:00:39,100 THE ANDERSON FAMILY FUND. 17 00:00:39,100 --> 00:00:42,233 BERNARD AND DENISE SCHWARTZ. 18 00:00:42,233 --> 00:00:43,766 THE CHERYL AND PHILIP MILSTEIN 19 00:00:43,766 --> 00:00:45,666 FAMILY. 20 00:00:45,666 --> 00:00:48,266 BARBARA HOPE ZUCKERBERG. 21 00:00:48,266 --> 00:00:50,500 CHARLES ROSENBLUM. 22 00:00:50,500 --> 00:00:52,166 WE TRY TO LIVE IN THE MOMENT, 23 00:00:52,166 --> 00:00:53,666 TO NOT MISS WHAT'S RIGHT IN 24 00:00:53,666 --> 00:00:54,666 FRONT OF US. 25 00:00:54,666 --> 00:00:56,433 AT MUTUAL OF AMERICA, WE 26 00:00:56,433 --> 00:00:58,400 BELIEVE TAKING CARE OF TOMORROW 27 00:00:58,400 --> 00:00:59,633 CAN HELP YOU MAKE THE MOST OF 28 00:00:59,633 --> 00:01:00,700 TODAY. 29 00:01:00,700 --> 00:01:02,033 MUTUAL OF AMERICA FINANCIAL 30 00:01:02,033 --> 00:01:04,200 GROUP, RETIREMENT SERVICES AND 31 00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:06,100 INVESTMENTS. 32 00:01:06,100 --> 00:01:07,266 >> FOR 25 YEARS, CONSUMER 33 00:01:07,266 --> 00:01:08,500 CELLULAR HAS BEEN OFFERING 34 00:01:08,500 --> 00:01:10,033 NO-CONTRACT WIRELESS PLANS, 35 00:01:10,033 --> 00:01:11,433 DESIGNED TO HELP PEOPLE DO MORE 36 00:01:11,433 --> 00:01:12,666 OF WHAT THEY LIKE. 37 00:01:12,666 --> 00:01:14,200 OUR U.S.-BASED CUSTOMER SERVICE 38 00:01:14,200 --> 00:01:15,800 TEAM CAN HELP FIND A PLAN THAT 39 00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:16,800 FITS YOU. 40 00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:17,833 TO LEARN MORE, VISIT 41 00:01:17,833 --> 00:01:21,133 www.consumercellular.tv. 42 00:01:21,133 --> 00:01:22,466 ADDITIONAL SUPPORT HAS BEEN 43 00:01:22,466 --> 00:01:25,033 PROVIDED BY: 44 00:01:25,033 --> 00:01:26,366 AND BY THE CORPORATION FOR 45 00:01:26,366 --> 00:01:28,466 PUBLIC BROADCASTING, A PRIVATE 46 00:01:28,466 --> 00:01:29,966 CORPORATION FUNDED BY THE 47 00:01:29,966 --> 00:01:31,866 AMERICAN PEOPLE. 48 00:01:31,866 --> 00:01:33,233 AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR 49 00:01:33,233 --> 00:01:34,800 PBS STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE 50 00:01:34,800 --> 00:01:35,800 YOU. 51 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:39,000 THANK YOU. 52 00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:40,000 >> Sreenivasan: GOOD EVENING AND 53 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:41,000 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 54 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:42,033 THE DAY AFTER PRESIDENT TRUMP 55 00:01:42,033 --> 00:01:43,466 SIGNED FOUR DIFFERENT DOCUMENTS 56 00:01:43,466 --> 00:01:45,700 ON COVID-19 ECONOMIC RELIEF, 57 00:01:45,700 --> 00:01:47,066 BOTH CRITICS AND SUPPORTERS ARE 58 00:01:47,066 --> 00:01:48,500 TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT IS 59 00:01:48,500 --> 00:01:50,366 POSSIBLE AND WHAT IS LEGAL. 60 00:01:50,366 --> 00:01:51,566 DEMOCRATIC LEADERS CALLED THE 61 00:01:51,566 --> 00:01:52,566 EXECUTIVE ACTIONS 62 00:01:52,566 --> 00:01:54,033 UNCONSTITUTIONAL AND SAID THEY 63 00:01:54,033 --> 00:01:55,633 WON'T PROVIDE NECESSARY RELIEF 64 00:01:55,633 --> 00:01:56,766 TO AMERICANS. 65 00:01:56,766 --> 00:01:58,100 SENATE MINORITY LEADER CHUCK 66 00:01:58,100 --> 00:01:59,300 SCHUMER CRITICIZED THE 67 00:01:59,300 --> 00:02:01,600 PRESIDENT'S PLAN TO PROVIDE $400 68 00:02:01,600 --> 00:02:03,033 IN WEEKLY EMERGENCY UNEMPLOYMENT 69 00:02:03,033 --> 00:02:05,066 BENEFITS-- $200 LESS THAN THE 70 00:02:05,066 --> 00:02:06,166 BENEFIT THAT EXPIRED ONE WEEK 71 00:02:06,166 --> 00:02:07,166 AGO. 72 00:02:07,166 --> 00:02:08,833 STATES WOULD ALSO HAVE TO PAY 73 00:02:08,833 --> 00:02:11,033 100 OF THOSE DOLLARS. 74 00:02:11,033 --> 00:02:14,333 >> THIS IS AN UNWORKABLE PLAN. 75 00:02:14,333 --> 00:02:16,266 MOST STATES WILL TAKE MONTHS TO 76 00:02:16,266 --> 00:02:17,300 IMPLEMENT IT, BECAUSE IT'S 77 00:02:17,300 --> 00:02:18,300 BRAND-NEW. 78 00:02:18,300 --> 00:02:19,566 IT'S SORT OF PUT TOGETHER WITH 79 00:02:19,566 --> 00:02:20,966 SPIT AND PASTE. 80 00:02:20,966 --> 00:02:22,466 AND MANY STATES, BECAUSE THEY 81 00:02:22,466 --> 00:02:24,000 HAVE TO CHIP IN $100, AND THEY 82 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:26,366 DON'T HAVE MONEY, WON'T DO IT. 83 00:02:26,366 --> 00:02:27,366 >> Sreenivasan: YESTERDAY, THE 84 00:02:27,366 --> 00:02:28,533 PRESIDENT SAID ONE OF THE ORDERS 85 00:02:28,533 --> 00:02:29,866 WOULD PROVIDE A TEMPORARY 86 00:02:29,866 --> 00:02:32,000 PAYROLL TAX CUT, WHICH HE SAID 87 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:33,500 WOULD BECOME PERMANENT AFTER THE 88 00:02:33,500 --> 00:02:34,666 ELECTION. 89 00:02:34,666 --> 00:02:36,000 >> IF I'M VICTORIOUS ON NOVEMBER 90 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:38,366 3, I PLAN TO FORGIVE THESE TAXES 91 00:02:38,366 --> 00:02:40,233 AND MAKE PERMANENT CUTS TO THE 92 00:02:40,233 --> 00:02:41,566 PAYROLL TAX, I'M GOING TO MAKE 93 00:02:41,566 --> 00:02:42,733 THEM ALL PERMANENT. 94 00:02:42,733 --> 00:02:43,733 >> Sreenivasan: THE EXECUTIVE 95 00:02:43,733 --> 00:02:45,566 ORDER MR. TRUMP SIGNED DEFERS 96 00:02:45,566 --> 00:02:47,800 PAYROLL TAXES, BUT DOES NOT CUT 97 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:49,600 THEM, MEANING EMPLOYERS AND 98 00:02:49,600 --> 00:02:50,666 WORKERS COULD STILL BE 99 00:02:50,666 --> 00:02:51,666 RESPONSIBLE FOR PAYING THEM 100 00:02:51,666 --> 00:02:52,666 LATER. 101 00:02:52,666 --> 00:02:54,366 PAYROLL TAXES HELP FUND SOCIAL 102 00:02:54,366 --> 00:02:56,233 SECURITY AND MEDICARE, AND TODAY 103 00:02:56,233 --> 00:02:57,600 WHITE HOUSE ECONOMIC ADVISOR 104 00:02:57,600 --> 00:02:59,400 LARRY KUDLOW TRIED TO CLARIFY 105 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:00,866 WHAT THE PRESIDENT MEANT WHEN HE 106 00:03:00,866 --> 00:03:03,600 SAID THE CUT WOULD BE PERMANENT. 107 00:03:03,600 --> 00:03:04,633 >> WHEN HE REFERRED TO 108 00:03:04,633 --> 00:03:06,300 PERMANENT, I THINK WHAT HE WAS 109 00:03:06,300 --> 00:03:10,366 SAYING IS THAT THE DEFERRAL OF 110 00:03:10,366 --> 00:03:12,233 THE PAYROLL TAX TO THE END OF 111 00:03:12,233 --> 00:03:15,566 THE YEAR WILL BE MADE PERMANENT. 112 00:03:15,566 --> 00:03:17,333 IT WILL BE FORGIVEN. 113 00:03:17,333 --> 00:03:18,333 >> Sreenivasan: HOUSE SPEAKER 114 00:03:18,333 --> 00:03:19,633 NANCY PELOSI SAID SHE HOPES THAT 115 00:03:19,633 --> 00:03:20,833 THE WHITE HOUSE WILL COME BACK 116 00:03:20,833 --> 00:03:22,200 TO THE NEGOTIATING TABLE AND DID 117 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:24,633 NOT COMMIT TO A LEGAL CHALLENGE. 118 00:03:24,633 --> 00:03:26,966 >> RIGHT NOW, WE WANT TO ADDRESS 119 00:03:26,966 --> 00:03:28,166 THE NEEDS OF THE AMERICAN 120 00:03:28,166 --> 00:03:29,433 PEOPLE. 121 00:03:29,433 --> 00:03:33,633 AS-- AS MY CONSTITUTIONAL 122 00:03:33,633 --> 00:03:35,433 ADVISERS TELL ME THEY'RE 123 00:03:35,433 --> 00:03:37,500 ABSURDLY UNCONSTITUTIONAL. 124 00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:38,500 >> Sreenivasan: I SPOKE WITH 125 00:03:38,500 --> 00:03:39,500 "POLITICO" REPORTER CAITLIN EMMA 126 00:03:39,500 --> 00:03:40,500 WHO IS COVERING THE PRESIDENT'S 127 00:03:40,500 --> 00:03:41,766 ACTIONS. 128 00:03:41,766 --> 00:03:43,033 CAITLIN, WHEN WE SAW THE 129 00:03:43,033 --> 00:03:44,433 PRESIDENT LAY OUT HIS EXECUTIVE 130 00:03:44,433 --> 00:03:45,966 ORDERS YESTERDAY, ONE OF THE 131 00:03:45,966 --> 00:03:48,300 FIRST QUESTIONS WAS, WHAT IS 132 00:03:48,300 --> 00:03:51,033 WITHIN HIS RIGHTS AND HIS POWERS 133 00:03:51,033 --> 00:03:52,800 TO DO VERSUS CONGRESS THAT 134 00:03:52,800 --> 00:03:54,333 APPROVES SPENDING? 135 00:03:54,333 --> 00:03:56,000 >> THESE EXECUTIVE ORDERS, AND I 136 00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:57,033 THINK IT'S WORTH NOTING THAT 137 00:03:57,033 --> 00:03:58,666 ACTUALLY ONLY ONE OF THEM IS AN 138 00:03:58,666 --> 00:04:00,166 EXECUTIVE ORDER, THE REST WERE 139 00:04:00,166 --> 00:04:02,200 MEMORANDUMS, IN A SENSE THEY 140 00:04:02,200 --> 00:04:03,700 CARRY A LITTLE BIT LESS WEIGHT 141 00:04:03,700 --> 00:04:04,700 IN THAT WAY. 142 00:04:04,700 --> 00:04:06,166 BUT, YOU KNOW, CERTAINLY I THINK 143 00:04:06,166 --> 00:04:07,600 WE'RE ALREADY SEEING SOME OF 144 00:04:07,600 --> 00:04:11,133 THESE ORDERS, MEMOS, KIND OF IN 145 00:04:11,133 --> 00:04:12,333 THE LEGAL CROSSHAIRS. 146 00:04:12,333 --> 00:04:15,433 SO, IT IS CERTAINLY, THERE ARE 147 00:04:15,433 --> 00:04:16,633 DEFINITELY A LOT OF QUESTIONS, I 148 00:04:16,633 --> 00:04:18,233 GUESS, ABOUT THE LEGALITY OF 149 00:04:18,233 --> 00:04:19,300 SOME OF THE THINGS THAT HE IS 150 00:04:19,300 --> 00:04:20,333 PROPOSING HERE. 151 00:04:20,333 --> 00:04:21,400 >> Sreenivasan: IN ONE OF THE 152 00:04:21,400 --> 00:04:23,266 Q & A's WITH REPORTERS HE SAID 153 00:04:23,266 --> 00:04:24,266 "WE HAVE GOT PLENTY OF MONEY 154 00:04:24,266 --> 00:04:26,000 THAT WE HAVEN'T SPENT YET." 155 00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:27,033 HOW MUCH MONEY ARE WE TALKING 156 00:04:27,033 --> 00:04:28,733 ABOUT AND CAN IT FUND ALL OF THE 157 00:04:28,733 --> 00:04:31,266 THINGS THAT WE'RE TRYING TO GET 158 00:04:31,266 --> 00:04:32,400 FUNDED? 159 00:04:32,400 --> 00:04:33,533 >> YOU KNOW, STATES HAVE ONLY 160 00:04:33,533 --> 00:04:36,300 SPENT ABOUT A QUARTER OF THE 161 00:04:36,300 --> 00:04:37,400 MONEY THAT THEY RECEIVED THROUGH 162 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:38,933 THE CARES ACT, WHICH WAS ABOUT 163 00:04:38,933 --> 00:04:41,033 $150 BILLION. 164 00:04:41,033 --> 00:04:42,066 AND THAT'S BECOME A POPULAR 165 00:04:42,066 --> 00:04:43,933 REPUBLICAN TALKING POINT IN 166 00:04:43,933 --> 00:04:45,733 THESE NEGOTIATIONS IN ARGUING 167 00:04:45,733 --> 00:04:47,666 THAT MORE STATE AND LOCAL AID 168 00:04:47,666 --> 00:04:48,866 ISN'T NECESSARY. 169 00:04:48,866 --> 00:04:50,433 LOOK, ALL THESE STATES HAVE ALL 170 00:04:50,433 --> 00:04:51,433 THIS MONEY THAT THEY HAVEN'T 171 00:04:51,433 --> 00:04:53,000 SPENT. 172 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:54,633 BUT THAT REALLY VARIES WILDLY 173 00:04:54,633 --> 00:04:55,766 ACROSS STATES. 174 00:04:55,766 --> 00:04:57,266 AND A LOT OF THE MONEY THAT 175 00:04:57,266 --> 00:04:59,000 HASN'T BEEN SPENT IS ALREADY 176 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:00,700 SPOKEN FOR IN THAT IT HAS BEEN 177 00:05:00,700 --> 00:05:01,966 ALLOCATED FOR A SPECIFIC 178 00:05:01,966 --> 00:05:03,000 PURPOSE. 179 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:05,833 SO, ASKING GOVERNORS TO PICK UP 180 00:05:05,833 --> 00:05:06,866 ANY PART OF THE TAB FOR 181 00:05:06,866 --> 00:05:08,400 UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS IS GOING 182 00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:09,866 TO BE A VERY DIFFICULT ASK, 183 00:05:09,866 --> 00:05:11,033 ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY SAY THAT 184 00:05:11,033 --> 00:05:12,400 THEY ARE ALREADY GRAPPLING WITH 185 00:05:12,400 --> 00:05:13,500 INADEQUATE LEVELS OF FEDERAL 186 00:05:13,500 --> 00:05:14,500 AID. 187 00:05:14,500 --> 00:05:16,266 >> Sreenivasan: FINALLY, 188 00:05:16,266 --> 00:05:20,233 REGARDLESS OF WHAT NEGOTIATORS 189 00:05:20,233 --> 00:05:22,633 IN WASHINGTON AGREE TO OR NOT, 190 00:05:22,633 --> 00:05:25,000 WHAT THAT CHECK LEVEL IS, WHEN 191 00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:26,733 DOES IT ACTUALLY GET TO PEOPLE 192 00:05:26,733 --> 00:05:29,600 WHO RIGHT NOW MIGHT REALLY NEED 193 00:05:29,600 --> 00:05:32,133 THAT $600 TO PAY RENT OR PAY FOR 194 00:05:32,133 --> 00:05:33,233 FOOD? 195 00:05:33,233 --> 00:05:34,600 >> IT'S REALLY UNCLEAR WHEN 196 00:05:34,600 --> 00:05:37,266 THESE SUPPOSED PAYMENTS WOULD GO 197 00:05:37,266 --> 00:05:38,266 OUT. 198 00:05:38,266 --> 00:05:39,433 IT'S UNCLEAR HOW MANY STATES 199 00:05:39,433 --> 00:05:42,100 WOULD BE ABLE TO PICK UP THE TAB 200 00:05:42,100 --> 00:05:43,800 FOR THE REST OF THE $400 A WEEK 201 00:05:43,800 --> 00:05:44,800 PAYMENT. 202 00:05:44,800 --> 00:05:46,700 THIS IS A, IT'S A VERY UNCERTAIN 203 00:05:46,700 --> 00:05:48,100 SITUATION AT THE MOMENT BOTH IN 204 00:05:48,100 --> 00:05:49,633 TERMS OF LEGALITY AND WHEN SOME 205 00:05:49,633 --> 00:05:50,633 OF THESE THING WOULD ACTUALLY 206 00:05:50,633 --> 00:05:51,800 TAKE EFFECT TO POTENTIALLY HELP 207 00:05:51,800 --> 00:05:52,833 PEOPLE. 208 00:05:52,833 --> 00:05:53,833 >> Sreenivasan: CAITLIN EMMA 209 00:05:53,833 --> 00:05:54,833 FROM "POLITICO," THANK YOU SO 210 00:05:54,833 --> 00:05:55,833 MUCH FOR JOINING US. 211 00:05:55,833 --> 00:05:58,100 >> THANK YOU. 212 00:05:58,100 --> 00:05:59,100 >> Sreenivasan: AS POLITICAL 213 00:05:59,100 --> 00:06:00,533 LEADERS GRAPPLE OVER ECONOMIC 214 00:06:00,533 --> 00:06:01,833 RELIEF, THE UNITED STATES 215 00:06:01,833 --> 00:06:03,300 REACHED A GRIM MILESTONE IN THE 216 00:06:03,300 --> 00:06:04,933 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC. 217 00:06:04,933 --> 00:06:06,333 THERE ARE NOW MORE THAN FIVE 218 00:06:06,333 --> 00:06:07,866 MILLION CONFIRMED INFECTIONS IN 219 00:06:07,866 --> 00:06:09,133 THE U.S.-- BY FAR THE MOST IN 220 00:06:09,133 --> 00:06:10,133 THE WORLD. 221 00:06:10,133 --> 00:06:11,700 THE DEATH TOLL IS NOW MORE THAN 222 00:06:11,700 --> 00:06:14,266 162,000 ACCORDING TO RESEARCHERS 223 00:06:14,266 --> 00:06:15,633 AT JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. 224 00:06:15,633 --> 00:06:17,133 THE NUMBER OF DAILY INFECTIONS 225 00:06:17,133 --> 00:06:19,233 IS FALLING, ON AVERAGE, FROM 226 00:06:19,233 --> 00:06:21,466 HIGHS EXPERIENCED IN MID-JULY. 227 00:06:21,466 --> 00:06:22,600 GLOBALLY, THE NUMBER OF 228 00:06:22,600 --> 00:06:23,766 CONFIRMED CASES IS APPROACHING 229 00:06:23,766 --> 00:06:25,166 20 MILLION. 230 00:06:25,166 --> 00:06:26,666 BUT THE VIRUS IS NOT SPREADING 231 00:06:26,666 --> 00:06:27,666 EVERYWHERE. 232 00:06:27,666 --> 00:06:29,266 TODAY, NEW ZEALAND MARKED 100 233 00:06:29,266 --> 00:06:30,566 DAYS WITHOUT A DOMESTIC 234 00:06:30,566 --> 00:06:32,500 TRANSMISSION OF CORONAVIRUS. 235 00:06:32,500 --> 00:06:33,866 PRIME MINISTER JACINDA ARDERN 236 00:06:33,866 --> 00:06:36,333 WARNED AGAINST COMPLACENCY, EVEN 237 00:06:36,333 --> 00:06:38,000 AS MANY IN NEW ZEALAND HAVE 238 00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:39,466 RETURNED TO NORMAL LIFE. 239 00:06:39,466 --> 00:06:41,033 >> 100 DAYS IS A MILESTONE TO 240 00:06:41,033 --> 00:06:43,266 MARK, BUT AGAIN, WE STILL NEED 241 00:06:43,266 --> 00:06:45,700 TO BE VIGILANT REGARDLESS. 242 00:06:45,700 --> 00:06:46,733 >> Sreenivasan: FIVE DAYS AFTER 243 00:06:46,733 --> 00:06:48,366 A MASSIVE EXPLOSION IN BEIRUT, 244 00:06:48,366 --> 00:06:49,566 INTERNATIONAL DONORS PLEDGED 245 00:06:49,566 --> 00:06:51,166 TODAY TO HELP THE CITY RECOVER, 246 00:06:51,166 --> 00:06:53,500 EVEN AS LEBANON DESCENDS INTO A 247 00:06:53,500 --> 00:06:55,300 DEEPENING POLITICAL CRISIS. 248 00:06:55,300 --> 00:06:56,533 AT AN EMERGENCY DONORS TELE- 249 00:06:56,533 --> 00:06:57,766 CONFERENCE TODAY, ATTENDED BY 250 00:06:57,766 --> 00:06:58,933 PRESIDENT TRUMP AND DOZENS OF 251 00:06:58,933 --> 00:07:00,566 OTHER LEADERS, FRENCH PRESIDENT 252 00:07:00,566 --> 00:07:02,033 EMMANUEL MACRON SAID WORLD 253 00:07:02,033 --> 00:07:03,500 POWERS MUST PUT ASIDE THEIR 254 00:07:03,500 --> 00:07:04,733 DIFFERENCES AND SUPPORT THE 255 00:07:04,733 --> 00:07:05,866 LEBANESE PEOPLE WITH FINANCIAL 256 00:07:05,866 --> 00:07:06,866 AID. 257 00:07:06,866 --> 00:07:08,266 A TOP AMERICAN OFFICIAL SAYS THE 258 00:07:08,266 --> 00:07:10,466 U.S. WILL PROVIDE $15 MILLION IN 259 00:07:10,466 --> 00:07:11,600 ASSISTANCE. 260 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:13,066 THE PLEDGES OF ASSISTANCE COME A 261 00:07:13,066 --> 00:07:14,866 DAY AFTER HUGE PROTESTS IN 262 00:07:14,866 --> 00:07:15,866 BEIRUT. 263 00:07:15,866 --> 00:07:18,200 YESTERDAY THOUSANDS SET FIRES 264 00:07:18,200 --> 00:07:19,700 AND STORMED GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS 265 00:07:19,700 --> 00:07:21,433 CARRYING NOOSES AND BANNERS 266 00:07:21,433 --> 00:07:23,466 SAYING "RESIGN OR HANG." 267 00:07:23,466 --> 00:07:24,600 PROTESTERS ACCUSE GOVERNMENT 268 00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:25,800 OFFICIALS OF NEGLIGENCE AND 269 00:07:25,800 --> 00:07:27,233 CORRUPTION, WHICH THEY BLAME FOR 270 00:07:27,233 --> 00:07:28,333 THE EXPLOSION THAT INJURED 271 00:07:28,333 --> 00:07:29,866 THOUSANDS AND KILLED MORE THAN 272 00:07:29,866 --> 00:07:31,633 160 PEOPLE. 273 00:07:31,633 --> 00:07:33,266 TODAY AFGHANISTAN OFFICIALS 274 00:07:33,266 --> 00:07:35,866 AGREED TO RELEASE 400 "HARDCORE" 275 00:07:35,866 --> 00:07:37,500 TALIBAN PRISONERS SIGNALLING THE 276 00:07:37,500 --> 00:07:39,066 BEGINNING OF PEACE TALKS THAT 277 00:07:39,066 --> 00:07:41,466 COULD END MORE THAN 19 YEARS OF 278 00:07:41,466 --> 00:07:42,966 WAR IN THE COUNTRY. 279 00:07:42,966 --> 00:07:44,266 AFGHAN PRESIDENT ASHRAF GHANI 280 00:07:44,266 --> 00:07:45,566 ADRESSED THE COUNTRY'S GRAND 281 00:07:45,566 --> 00:07:46,633 ASSEMBLY, WHICH APPROVED THE 282 00:07:46,633 --> 00:07:47,633 RELEASE. 283 00:07:47,633 --> 00:07:49,466 THE MOVE, SUPPORTED BY THE U.S., 284 00:07:49,466 --> 00:07:50,666 MEANS THE AFGHAN GOVERNMENT HAS 285 00:07:50,666 --> 00:07:52,400 FULFILLED ITS PLEDGE TO RELEASE 286 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:54,333 5,000 TALIBAN PRISONERS. 287 00:07:54,333 --> 00:07:55,733 THE PEACE DEAL SIGNED BY THE 288 00:07:55,733 --> 00:07:57,633 TALIBAN AND THE U.S. IN FEBRUARY 289 00:07:57,633 --> 00:07:59,100 CALLED FOR THIS RELEASE AND, 290 00:07:59,100 --> 00:08:00,466 TODAY, THE TALIBAN WELCOMED THE 291 00:08:00,466 --> 00:08:01,466 DECISION. 292 00:08:01,466 --> 00:08:02,966 A SPOKESPERSON SAID TALKS COULD 293 00:08:02,966 --> 00:08:05,900 BEGIN AS EARLY AS NEXT WEEK. 294 00:08:05,900 --> 00:08:07,366 IN BELARUS TODAY, THE PRESIDENT 295 00:08:07,366 --> 00:08:08,900 IS PROJECTED TO HAVE WON IN A 296 00:08:08,900 --> 00:08:10,733 LANDSLIDE AFTER AN UNUSUALLY 297 00:08:10,733 --> 00:08:12,266 CONTESTED ELECTION. 298 00:08:12,266 --> 00:08:13,866 PRESIDENT ALEXANDER LUKASHENKO-- 299 00:08:13,866 --> 00:08:15,700 CALLED EUROPE'S LAST DICTATOR-- 300 00:08:15,700 --> 00:08:16,700 FACED ONE OF THE BIGGEST 301 00:08:16,700 --> 00:08:19,066 CHALLENGES TO HIS 25-YEAR RULE. 302 00:08:19,066 --> 00:08:20,966 SVETLANA TIKHANOUSKAYA EMERGED 303 00:08:20,966 --> 00:08:22,800 AS A SURPRISING RIVAL, DECIDING 304 00:08:22,800 --> 00:08:24,200 TO RUN AFTER HER HUSBAND WAS 305 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:25,533 BARRED FROM BEING A CANDIDATE 306 00:08:25,533 --> 00:08:26,533 AND JAILED. 307 00:08:26,533 --> 00:08:27,833 INTERNATIONAL OBSERVERS HAVE NOT 308 00:08:27,833 --> 00:08:29,400 DEEMED THIS A FREE AND FAIR 309 00:08:29,400 --> 00:08:30,566 ELECTION AND THERE ARE 310 00:08:30,566 --> 00:08:35,366 ALLEGATIONS OF VOTE-RIGGING. 311 00:08:35,366 --> 00:08:36,400 FOR THE LATEST ON THE ELECTIONS 312 00:08:36,400 --> 00:08:37,466 IN BELARUS AND OTHER 313 00:08:37,466 --> 00:08:39,066 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL NEWS, 314 00:08:39,066 --> 00:08:46,866 VISIT pbs.org/newshour. 315 00:08:46,866 --> 00:08:47,866 >> Sreenivasan: SIX YEARS AGO 316 00:08:47,866 --> 00:08:49,166 TODAY, MICHAEL BROWN, A YOUNG 317 00:08:49,166 --> 00:08:50,566 UNARMED BLACK MAN, WAS SHOT AND 318 00:08:50,566 --> 00:08:51,966 KILLED BY A POLICE OFFICER IN 319 00:08:51,966 --> 00:08:52,966 THE STREETS OF FERGUSON, 320 00:08:52,966 --> 00:08:53,966 MISSOURI. 321 00:08:53,966 --> 00:08:55,200 THOUGH QUESTIONS STILL REMAIN 322 00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:56,700 ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED THAT DAY, 323 00:08:56,700 --> 00:08:58,100 THE PROTESTS AND THE MOVEMENT 324 00:08:58,100 --> 00:08:59,200 THAT IT SPARKED HAVE CHANGED THE 325 00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:00,266 COURSE OF CIVIL RIGHTS IN 326 00:09:00,266 --> 00:09:01,266 THE U.S. 327 00:09:01,266 --> 00:09:02,500 BRITTANY FERRELL IS A ST. LOUIS- 328 00:09:02,500 --> 00:09:04,033 BASED ACTIVIST AND ORGANIZER FOR 329 00:09:04,033 --> 00:09:05,366 THE POLITICAL ADVOCACY GROUP, 330 00:09:05,366 --> 00:09:06,633 BLACK FUTURES LAB. 331 00:09:06,633 --> 00:09:07,800 NEWSHOUR WEEKEND CORRESPONDENT 332 00:09:07,800 --> 00:09:09,266 IVETTE FELICIANO SPOKE WITH HER 333 00:09:09,266 --> 00:09:10,900 ABOUT THE FERGUSON PROTESTS AND 334 00:09:10,900 --> 00:09:12,266 ABOUT HOW THE KILLING OF MICHAEL 335 00:09:12,266 --> 00:09:13,700 BROWN LED US TO WHERE WE ARE 336 00:09:13,700 --> 00:09:15,066 TODAY. 337 00:09:15,066 --> 00:09:16,233 >> Reporter: FIRST OFF, I WANT 338 00:09:16,233 --> 00:09:17,700 TO ASK YOU, YOU KNOW, TO 339 00:09:17,700 --> 00:09:19,700 TAKE US BACK TO 2014. 340 00:09:19,700 --> 00:09:21,200 HOW DID THE SHOOTING OF MICHAEL 341 00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:23,366 BROWN INITIALLY IMPACT THE 342 00:09:23,366 --> 00:09:25,366 FERGUSON COMMUNITY AND HOW DID 343 00:09:25,366 --> 00:09:27,566 IT CHANGE YOUR LIFE? 344 00:09:27,566 --> 00:09:30,100 >> I WAS ACTUALLY IN NEW YORK ON 345 00:09:30,100 --> 00:09:31,833 A VACATION WITH SOME PEERS THAT 346 00:09:31,833 --> 00:09:33,866 I WAS CURRENTLY AT THE TIME IN 347 00:09:33,866 --> 00:09:35,433 UNDERGRAD WITH. 348 00:09:35,433 --> 00:09:37,666 UM, I FOUND OUT ABOUT MIKE 349 00:09:37,666 --> 00:09:40,466 BROWN'S MURDER WHEN I OPENED UP 350 00:09:40,466 --> 00:09:43,433 TWITTER AND ANOTHER PEER OF MINE 351 00:09:43,433 --> 00:09:45,433 WHO WAS HERE HAD TWEETED, 352 00:09:45,433 --> 00:09:47,200 "FERGUSON POLICE DEPARTMENT JUST 353 00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:48,566 SHOT AND KILLED AN UNARMED BLACK 354 00:09:48,566 --> 00:09:50,000 BOY." 355 00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:52,733 AND IT WAS THAT MOMENT THAT I 356 00:09:52,733 --> 00:09:55,533 WAS JUST INSTANTLY GLUED TO MY 357 00:09:55,533 --> 00:09:57,033 PHONE. 358 00:09:57,033 --> 00:09:59,500 EVEN FROM HUNDREDS OF MILES 359 00:09:59,500 --> 00:10:02,666 AWAY, THE GRIEF AND THE PAIN AND 360 00:10:02,666 --> 00:10:04,800 THE ANGER THAT THE COMMUNITY WAS 361 00:10:04,800 --> 00:10:06,200 FEELING WAS PALPABLE. 362 00:10:06,200 --> 00:10:10,433 LIKE, IT WAS SO STRONG, YOU 363 00:10:10,433 --> 00:10:13,866 KNOW, THE RESPONSE THAT FOLKS 364 00:10:13,866 --> 00:10:16,700 HAD TO SUCH AN ATROCIOUS ACT OF 365 00:10:16,700 --> 00:10:18,400 VIOLENCE. 366 00:10:18,400 --> 00:10:20,600 THAT IS WHAT URGED ME TO BOOK MY 367 00:10:20,600 --> 00:10:24,333 TRIP HOME THE VERY NEXT DAY. 368 00:10:24,333 --> 00:10:25,933 IT ROCKED OUR COMMUNITIES. 369 00:10:25,933 --> 00:10:27,166 IT ROCKED OUR COMMUNITIES. 370 00:10:27,166 --> 00:10:30,866 AND WHEN-- WHEN PEOPLE HERE 371 00:10:30,866 --> 00:10:33,866 GATHERED TO GRIEVE AND WHEN 372 00:10:33,866 --> 00:10:36,266 FOLKS WERE MET WITH VIOLENCE, 373 00:10:36,266 --> 00:10:37,933 THE RESPONSE TO THAT FROM THE 374 00:10:37,933 --> 00:10:41,200 COMMUNITY, THE RESPONSE TO THE 375 00:10:41,200 --> 00:10:42,900 POLICE VIOLENCE FROM THE 376 00:10:42,900 --> 00:10:45,633 COMMUNITY WAS THAT WE'RE NOT 377 00:10:45,633 --> 00:10:47,066 GOING TO LET YOU KILL US IN THE 378 00:10:47,066 --> 00:10:48,766 STREET AND THEN TELL US THAT WE 379 00:10:48,766 --> 00:10:50,366 CAN'T GRIEVE. 380 00:10:50,366 --> 00:10:52,100 AND IT WAS THAT RESPONSE THAT 381 00:10:52,100 --> 00:10:53,466 SENT THIS RIPPLE EFFECT AROUND 382 00:10:53,466 --> 00:10:56,266 THE WORLD WHERE THIS CIVIL 383 00:10:56,266 --> 00:10:57,900 RIGHTS MOVEMENT THAT WE ARE NOW 384 00:10:57,900 --> 00:11:00,366 LIVING IN HAS EMERGED FROM. 385 00:11:00,366 --> 00:11:01,400 >> Reporter: WHAT ARE YOUR 386 00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:02,400 THOUGHTS ABOUT HOW THE MEDIA 387 00:11:02,400 --> 00:11:03,900 COVERED THE PROTESTS? 388 00:11:03,900 --> 00:11:04,966 YOU KNOW, MANY PEOPLE OUTSIDE OF 389 00:11:04,966 --> 00:11:07,866 FERGUSON SAW IMAGES OF FIRES AND 390 00:11:07,866 --> 00:11:10,366 DESTRUCTION TO PROPERTY AND 391 00:11:10,366 --> 00:11:11,833 VIEWED THE PROTESTS LARGELY AS 392 00:11:11,833 --> 00:11:12,833 RIOTS. 393 00:11:12,833 --> 00:11:13,866 YOU KNOW, HOW IS THAT DIFFERENT 394 00:11:13,866 --> 00:11:15,300 FROM WHAT YOU SAW AND 395 00:11:15,300 --> 00:11:17,233 EXPERIENCED ON THE GROUND? 396 00:11:17,233 --> 00:11:19,100 >> YOU KNOW, THE FRAMING OF OUR 397 00:11:19,100 --> 00:11:20,466 MOVEMENT, THE FRAMING OF OUR 398 00:11:20,466 --> 00:11:24,700 UPRISING AT THAT TIME, IT REALLY 399 00:11:24,700 --> 00:11:25,833 PUT-- IT-- THEY NEEDED TO 400 00:11:25,833 --> 00:11:27,700 CONTROL THE NARRATIVE. 401 00:11:27,700 --> 00:11:30,000 SO, IN ORDER TO DO THAT, THEY 402 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:32,200 PIT THE PROTESTERS, PEACEFUL 403 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:33,633 DEMONSTRATORS, FOLKS WHO WERE 404 00:11:33,633 --> 00:11:35,333 HAVING VIGILS, WHO WERE MET WITH 405 00:11:35,333 --> 00:11:38,833 VIOLENCE, AS-- AS THE RIOTERS, 406 00:11:38,833 --> 00:11:40,366 AS THE LOOTERS, AS THE DANGEROUS 407 00:11:40,366 --> 00:11:41,433 ONES. 408 00:11:41,433 --> 00:11:43,133 AND THE POLICE WERE FRAMED AS 409 00:11:43,133 --> 00:11:45,133 BEING HEROIC, TRYING TO SAVE THE 410 00:11:45,133 --> 00:11:46,500 COMMUNITY, TRYING TO SAVE THE 411 00:11:46,500 --> 00:11:48,266 COMMUNITY FROM DESTROYING THEIR 412 00:11:48,266 --> 00:11:49,766 OWN COMMUNITY. 413 00:11:49,766 --> 00:11:51,166 IT WAS VERY CLEAR WHAT THEY WERE 414 00:11:51,166 --> 00:11:52,533 TRYING TO DO. 415 00:11:52,533 --> 00:11:54,633 WE SEE IT TODAY, RIGHT, WHEN 416 00:11:54,633 --> 00:11:58,566 DONALD TRUMP, UM, HE CALLS THE 417 00:11:58,566 --> 00:12:01,100 PROTESTERS RIOTERS AND LOOTERS-- 418 00:12:01,100 --> 00:12:02,100 LOOTERS. 419 00:12:02,100 --> 00:12:04,233 IT'S A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF 420 00:12:04,233 --> 00:12:06,700 HIS MESSAGE BECAUSE IT GIVES 421 00:12:06,700 --> 00:12:08,066 VALIDATION TO THE FACT THAT 422 00:12:08,066 --> 00:12:09,366 FEDERAL AGENTS GET TO SNATCH 423 00:12:09,366 --> 00:12:10,366 PEOPLE OFF THE STREETS AND NO 424 00:12:10,366 --> 00:12:11,366 ONE SHOULD BE CONCERNED 425 00:12:11,366 --> 00:12:12,366 ABOUT IT. 426 00:12:12,366 --> 00:12:14,633 LIKE, IT'S A REPETITIVE THEME 427 00:12:14,633 --> 00:12:16,533 THAT I BELIEVE THE MEDIA IN THE 428 00:12:16,533 --> 00:12:18,833 PAST HAS USED A LOT, AND THAT 429 00:12:18,833 --> 00:12:20,566 PEOPLE GET TO HOLD ON TO, TO 430 00:12:20,566 --> 00:12:22,766 CONTINUE TO PERPETUATE THIS-- 431 00:12:22,766 --> 00:12:24,166 THIS NARRATIVE THAT POLICE ARE 432 00:12:24,166 --> 00:12:26,166 NECESSARY, VIOLENCE AGAINST 433 00:12:26,166 --> 00:12:28,033 PROTESTERS IS NECESSARY BECAUSE 434 00:12:28,033 --> 00:12:29,766 ALL THEY DO IS RIOT AND LOOT, 435 00:12:29,766 --> 00:12:31,833 THERE'S NO PURPOSE IN-- FOR THEM 436 00:12:31,833 --> 00:12:33,333 BEING OUT IN THE STREETS. 437 00:12:33,333 --> 00:12:34,966 AND THAT'S JUST INACCURATE. 438 00:12:34,966 --> 00:12:36,700 AND I'M ACTUALLY VERY HAPPY TO 439 00:12:36,700 --> 00:12:38,400 SEE NOW, SIX YEARS LATER, THAT 440 00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:39,733 PEOPLE ARE BEGINNING TO SEE HOW 441 00:12:39,733 --> 00:12:41,733 INACCURATE THAT ACTUALLY IS. 442 00:12:41,733 --> 00:12:43,866 >> Reporter: BACK IN 2014, 443 00:12:43,866 --> 00:12:45,566 FORMER OFFICER-- POLICE OFFICER 444 00:12:45,566 --> 00:12:48,166 DARREN WILSON WAS NOT INDICTED 445 00:12:48,166 --> 00:12:49,933 FOR MICHAEL BROWN'S KILLING AND 446 00:12:49,933 --> 00:12:51,466 HE WAS CLEARED OF ANY CIVIL 447 00:12:51,466 --> 00:12:53,533 RIGHTS VIOLATIONS. 448 00:12:53,533 --> 00:12:55,066 WHAT IMPACT DID THAT HAVE ON 449 00:12:55,066 --> 00:12:57,300 YOUR ACTIVISM AND ON THE 450 00:12:57,300 --> 00:12:58,733 NATIONAL MOVEMENT THAT WAS 451 00:12:58,733 --> 00:13:00,666 SPARKED BY THIS INCIDENT? 452 00:13:00,666 --> 00:13:05,200 >> I-- I FELT LIKE A SENSE OF 453 00:13:05,200 --> 00:13:07,566 RAGE AND ANGER AND DEEP SADNESS 454 00:13:07,566 --> 00:13:09,833 AND GRIEF ALL AT THE SAME TIME. 455 00:13:09,833 --> 00:13:11,066 AND IT WAS IN THAT MOMENT THAT I 456 00:13:11,066 --> 00:13:13,566 KNEW FOR THE REST OF MY LIFE MY 457 00:13:13,566 --> 00:13:15,700 WORK WAS GOING TO BE GEARED 458 00:13:15,700 --> 00:13:20,000 TOWARDS FIGHTING FOR THE JUSTICE 459 00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:22,500 AND DIGNITY AND POWER FOR BLACK 460 00:13:22,500 --> 00:13:24,233 COMMUNITIES. 461 00:13:24,233 --> 00:13:26,466 AND I HAVE BEEN ON THAT SAME 462 00:13:26,466 --> 00:13:28,100 TRAJECTORY SINCE THEN. 463 00:13:28,100 --> 00:13:29,966 EVER SINCE THE NON-INDICTMENT 464 00:13:29,966 --> 00:13:33,466 CAME OUT IN NOVEMBER OF 2014, 465 00:13:33,466 --> 00:13:35,666 FOLKS HERE AND, I WOULD-- I 466 00:13:35,666 --> 00:13:37,300 WOULD FEEL SAFE TO SAY AROUND 467 00:13:37,300 --> 00:13:39,933 THE GLOBE HAVE NOT-- HAVE NOT 468 00:13:39,933 --> 00:13:41,466 STOPPED MOBILIZING, HAVE NOT 469 00:13:41,466 --> 00:13:43,433 STOPPED MOVING IN PURSUIT OF 470 00:13:43,433 --> 00:13:44,833 JUSTICE FOR BLACK PEOPLE IN THIS 471 00:13:44,833 --> 00:13:46,133 COUNTRY. 472 00:13:46,133 --> 00:13:47,133 >> Reporter: WE'RE ONCE AGAIN IN 473 00:13:47,133 --> 00:13:49,333 A PERIOD OF WIDESPREAD PROTESTS 474 00:13:49,333 --> 00:13:50,500 SURROUNDING THE KILLINGS OF 475 00:13:50,500 --> 00:13:52,866 UNARMED BLACK PEOPLE BY THE 476 00:13:52,866 --> 00:13:54,200 POLICE. 477 00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:56,000 YOU KNOW, SIX YEARS LATER, WHY 478 00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:58,066 ARE WE BACK HERE AGAIN? 479 00:13:58,066 --> 00:13:59,566 IS THERE ANYTHING ABOUT THIS 480 00:13:59,566 --> 00:14:00,933 MOMENT THAT FEELS DIFFERENT TO 481 00:14:00,933 --> 00:14:02,000 YOU? 482 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:03,500 >> YES. 483 00:14:03,500 --> 00:14:07,166 THIS MOMENT, IT FEELS DIFFERENT, 484 00:14:07,166 --> 00:14:08,800 DEFINITELY. 485 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:10,466 WE HAVE SHIFTED IN HOW WE 486 00:14:10,466 --> 00:14:11,966 INTERROGATE POWER OVER THE PAST 487 00:14:11,966 --> 00:14:14,033 SIX YEARS AND WE HAVE ALSO BEGUN 488 00:14:14,033 --> 00:14:15,700 TO REIMAGINE JUSTICE. 489 00:14:15,700 --> 00:14:17,633 IT'S NO LONGER, "ARREST THE COPS 490 00:14:17,633 --> 00:14:19,133 THAT KILLED BREONNA TAYLOR." 491 00:14:19,133 --> 00:14:21,266 IT'S ALSO "DEFUND THE POLICE AND 492 00:14:21,266 --> 00:14:23,133 INVEST MONEY INTO COMMUNITIES 493 00:14:23,133 --> 00:14:24,333 THAT NEED THAT TYPE OF 494 00:14:24,333 --> 00:14:26,000 INVESTMENT, BLACK COMMUNITIES. 495 00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:27,666 INVEST IN THINGS TO HELP BLACK 496 00:14:27,666 --> 00:14:29,466 PEOPLE THRIVE." 497 00:14:29,466 --> 00:14:30,500 >> Reporter: HOW DO YOU SUSTAIN 498 00:14:30,500 --> 00:14:32,266 A MOVEMENT SUCH AS BLACK LIVES 499 00:14:32,266 --> 00:14:33,533 MATTER? 500 00:14:33,533 --> 00:14:34,733 WHAT MORE NEEDS TO HAPPEN TO 501 00:14:34,733 --> 00:14:38,233 TRULY SHIFT POLICY AND PEOPLE'S 502 00:14:38,233 --> 00:14:39,933 CONSCIOUSNESS? 503 00:14:39,933 --> 00:14:41,766 >> I BELIEVE THAT THIS MOVEMENT 504 00:14:41,766 --> 00:14:43,333 IS GOING TO CONTINUE MOVING 505 00:14:43,333 --> 00:14:47,633 FORWARD BECAUSE WE-- WE HAVE TO. 506 00:14:47,633 --> 00:14:48,633 WE HAVE TO. 507 00:14:48,633 --> 00:14:50,466 WE KNOW THAT THE ONLY OTHER 508 00:14:50,466 --> 00:14:52,133 OPTION AT THIS POINT, WHAT IT 509 00:14:52,133 --> 00:14:54,433 LOOKS LIKE, IS WE ARE ON THE 510 00:14:54,433 --> 00:14:56,766 PATHWAY TO A DICTATORSHIP. 511 00:14:56,766 --> 00:14:59,000 AMERICA IS FALLING INTO FASCISM. 512 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:00,166 IS THAT WHAT WE WANT FOR OUR 513 00:15:00,166 --> 00:15:01,166 COUNTRY? 514 00:15:01,166 --> 00:15:02,333 ABSOLUTELY NOT. 515 00:15:02,333 --> 00:15:03,600 I THINK THAT WE HAVE NO OTHER 516 00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:05,100 CHOICE BUT TO ORGANIZE AROUND 517 00:15:05,100 --> 00:15:07,433 THE MESSAGE BLACK LIVES MATTER, 518 00:15:07,433 --> 00:15:08,600 BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT IF BLACK 519 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:09,733 FOLKS HAVE JUSTICE IN THIS 520 00:15:09,733 --> 00:15:10,733 COUNTRY, EVERYBODY HAS JUSTICE 521 00:15:10,733 --> 00:15:11,733 IN THIS COUNTRY. 522 00:15:11,733 --> 00:15:12,733 >> Reporter: BRITTANY FERRELL OF 523 00:15:12,733 --> 00:15:13,733 BLACK FUTURES LAB, THANK YOU SO 524 00:15:13,733 --> 00:15:15,866 MUCH FOR JOINING US. 525 00:15:15,866 --> 00:15:27,133 >> THANK YOU. 526 00:15:27,133 --> 00:15:28,133 >> Sreenivasan: THIS PAST WEEK 527 00:15:28,133 --> 00:15:29,700 THE U.S. CENSUS BUREAU SUDDENLY 528 00:15:29,700 --> 00:15:31,333 ANNOUNCED THAT IT WILL END ALL 529 00:15:31,333 --> 00:15:33,300 COUNTING FOR THE 2020 CENSUS ON 530 00:15:33,300 --> 00:15:35,100 SEPTEMBER 30, A FULL MONTH 531 00:15:35,100 --> 00:15:36,900 EARLIER THAN SCHEDULED. 532 00:15:36,900 --> 00:15:38,100 THE CRITICAL COUNT REQUIRES THAT 533 00:15:38,100 --> 00:15:40,033 ALL PEOPLE LIVING IN THE U.S. BE 534 00:15:40,033 --> 00:15:41,766 COUNTED AND EFFORTS TO GET 535 00:15:41,766 --> 00:15:43,666 RESPONSES ARE BEING SLOWED DOWN 536 00:15:43,666 --> 00:15:45,866 DURING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC. 537 00:15:45,866 --> 00:15:47,533 I SPOKE WITH NPR REPORTER HANSI 538 00:15:47,533 --> 00:15:49,233 LO WANG EARLIER THIS WEEK ABOUT 539 00:15:49,233 --> 00:15:50,666 THE CENSUS COUNT AND THE 540 00:15:50,666 --> 00:15:51,900 DECISION TO MOVE UP THE 541 00:15:51,900 --> 00:15:53,400 DEADLINE. 542 00:15:53,400 --> 00:15:56,300 HANSI, WHAT DOES A SHORTENED 543 00:15:56,300 --> 00:15:58,266 AMOUNT OF DAYS THAT THE CENSUS 544 00:15:58,266 --> 00:16:01,166 BUREAU WILL KNOCK ON DOORS MEAN? 545 00:16:01,166 --> 00:16:02,900 >> THIS MEANS THE CENSUS BUREAU 546 00:16:02,900 --> 00:16:06,466 HAS EVEN LESS TIME THAN IT WAS 547 00:16:06,466 --> 00:16:08,033 TRYING TO REALLY FINISH THE 548 00:16:08,033 --> 00:16:09,300 COUNT OF EVERY PERSON LIVING IN 549 00:16:09,300 --> 00:16:10,333 THE COUNTRY. 550 00:16:10,333 --> 00:16:11,933 NOW, RIGHT NOW, ROUGHLY FOUR OUT 551 00:16:11,933 --> 00:16:13,566 OF TEN HOUSEHOLDS NATIONWIDE 552 00:16:13,566 --> 00:16:15,466 HAVE NOT BEEN COUNTED YET. 553 00:16:15,466 --> 00:16:17,533 AND THESE REMAINING HOUSEHOLDS 554 00:16:17,533 --> 00:16:18,666 ARE WHAT THE CENSUS BUREAU 555 00:16:18,666 --> 00:16:20,666 CONSIDERS THE HARDEST TO COUNT. 556 00:16:20,666 --> 00:16:22,700 THESE ARE POPULATIONS THAT HAVE 557 00:16:22,700 --> 00:16:24,966 BEEN HISTORICALLY UNDERCOUNTED. 558 00:16:24,966 --> 00:16:26,233 THEY INCLUDE PEOPLE OF COLOR, 559 00:16:26,233 --> 00:16:28,800 RENTERS, RURAL RESIDENTS, GROUPS 560 00:16:28,800 --> 00:16:31,066 THAT ARE NOT LIKELY TO FILL OUT 561 00:16:31,066 --> 00:16:32,533 A FORM ON THEIR OWN. 562 00:16:32,533 --> 00:16:33,766 AND THAT'S WHY THIS DOOR 563 00:16:33,766 --> 00:16:35,500 KNOCKING, THAT'S ABOUT TO ROLL 564 00:16:35,500 --> 00:16:38,066 OUT NATIONWIDE NEXT WEEK, THAT 565 00:16:38,066 --> 00:16:40,133 DOOR KNOCKING IS SO CRITICAL TO 566 00:16:40,133 --> 00:16:42,100 MAKING SURE THAT NO ONE IS LEFT 567 00:16:42,100 --> 00:16:43,833 OUT AND NO RESIDENT IS LEFT OUT 568 00:16:43,833 --> 00:16:44,833 OF THE COUNT. 569 00:16:44,833 --> 00:16:45,833 >> Sreenivasan: NOW, THAT'S HARD 570 00:16:45,833 --> 00:16:46,900 ENOUGH AS IT IS. 571 00:16:46,900 --> 00:16:48,966 LAY ON TOP OF THAT, A PANDEMIC 572 00:16:48,966 --> 00:16:50,133 WHERE PEOPLE ARE SCARED TO BE 573 00:16:50,133 --> 00:16:51,133 WITHIN A FEW FEET OF ONE 574 00:16:51,133 --> 00:16:52,133 ANOTHER. 575 00:16:52,133 --> 00:16:53,766 >> DOOR KNOCKING IS THE LARGEST, 576 00:16:53,766 --> 00:16:55,233 MOST EXPENSIVE OPERATION BECAUSE 577 00:16:55,233 --> 00:16:57,433 IT IS REALLY HARD WORK AND 578 00:16:57,433 --> 00:16:58,966 TRYING TO DO IT WHILE SOCIALLY 579 00:16:58,966 --> 00:17:01,033 TRYING, TRYING TO KEEP SOCIAL 580 00:17:01,033 --> 00:17:02,566 DISTANCE, THAT'S VERY HARD. 581 00:17:02,566 --> 00:17:04,300 AND, I MEAN, THE P.P.E. AND 582 00:17:04,300 --> 00:17:05,866 TRYING TO OVERCOME PEOPLE, 583 00:17:05,866 --> 00:17:07,666 PEOPLE'S PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS. 584 00:17:07,666 --> 00:17:08,900 BUT NOW TO DO THAT IN A SHORT 585 00:17:08,900 --> 00:17:10,733 AMOUNT OF TIME, IN THE MIDDLE OF 586 00:17:10,733 --> 00:17:12,733 HURRICANE SEASON, AS WELL AS 587 00:17:12,733 --> 00:17:14,400 WEEKS AFTER THE TRUMP 588 00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:15,633 ADMINISTRATION, AFTER PRESIDENT 589 00:17:15,633 --> 00:17:18,100 TRUMP ISSUED A MEMO CALLING FOR 590 00:17:18,100 --> 00:17:19,333 UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANTS TO BE 591 00:17:19,333 --> 00:17:21,000 EXCLUDED FROM NOT THE CENSUS IN 592 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:22,466 GENERAL, BUT SPECIFICALLY FROM 593 00:17:22,466 --> 00:17:23,533 THE CENSUS NUMBERS USED TO 594 00:17:23,533 --> 00:17:24,966 REAPPORTION SEATS IN CONGRESS, 595 00:17:24,966 --> 00:17:26,066 THAT'S CAUSING A LOT OF 596 00:17:26,066 --> 00:17:27,066 CONFUSION. 597 00:17:27,066 --> 00:17:28,533 A LOT OF OUTREACH CAMPAIGNS ARE 598 00:17:28,533 --> 00:17:30,533 SAYING CONFUSION AMONG FOLKS, 599 00:17:30,533 --> 00:17:31,866 EVEN THOUGH THE CONSTITUTION 600 00:17:31,866 --> 00:17:33,666 SAYS THAT COUNTING OF THE WHOLE 601 00:17:33,666 --> 00:17:34,933 NUMBER OF PERSONS IN EACH STATE, 602 00:17:34,933 --> 00:17:35,933 THAT'S THE NUMBER THAT SHOULD BE 603 00:17:35,933 --> 00:17:37,000 USED TO REAPPORTION SEATS IN 604 00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:38,000 CONGRESS. 605 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:39,000 AND EVEN THOUGH THERE ARE 606 00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:41,233 FEDERAL LAWS THAT SAY A PERSON'S 607 00:17:41,233 --> 00:17:42,233 PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE 608 00:17:42,233 --> 00:17:44,000 INFORMATION CANNOT BE USED 609 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:45,066 AGAINST THEM BY ANY FEDERAL 610 00:17:45,066 --> 00:17:47,700 AGENCY OR IN COURT. 611 00:17:47,700 --> 00:17:48,733 >> Sreenivasan: SO, YOU KNOW, 612 00:17:48,733 --> 00:17:49,766 YOU HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING THIS 613 00:17:49,766 --> 00:17:51,766 BEAT FOR QUITE SOME TIME NOW, 614 00:17:51,766 --> 00:17:54,433 AND THERE WAS THIS SORT OF DRAMA 615 00:17:54,433 --> 00:17:56,200 ABOUT THE CITIZENSHIP QUESTION. 616 00:17:56,200 --> 00:17:58,433 THEN, OBVIOUSLY, CAME THE 617 00:17:58,433 --> 00:17:59,433 PANDEMIC. 618 00:17:59,433 --> 00:18:01,833 AND HERE WE ARE THINKING ABOUT 619 00:18:01,833 --> 00:18:03,666 APPORTIONMENT. 620 00:18:03,666 --> 00:18:06,466 WHAT KIND OF POWER DOES THAT 621 00:18:06,466 --> 00:18:08,200 LEAVE IN THE HANDS OF THE 622 00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:10,800 PRESIDENT, EVEN IF HE WERE TO 623 00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:14,166 LOSE THIS ELECTION? 624 00:18:14,166 --> 00:18:15,600 >> FIRST THING I THINK IT SHOULD 625 00:18:15,600 --> 00:18:16,833 BE VERY CLEAR, THERE IS NO 626 00:18:16,833 --> 00:18:18,266 CITIZENSHIP QUESTION ON THE 2020 627 00:18:18,266 --> 00:18:19,266 CENSUS. 628 00:18:19,266 --> 00:18:20,700 THE FEDERAL COURTS HAVE BLOCKED 629 00:18:20,700 --> 00:18:22,466 THAT FROM BEING ADDED TO THE 630 00:18:22,466 --> 00:18:23,466 FORMS. 631 00:18:23,466 --> 00:18:24,466 HOWEVER, THE TRUMP 632 00:18:24,466 --> 00:18:26,066 ADMINISTRATION HAS MOVED FORWARD 633 00:18:26,066 --> 00:18:28,733 WITH THIS MEMO CALLING FOR THE 634 00:18:28,733 --> 00:18:30,600 COMMERCE SECRETARY TO TRY TO 635 00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:32,266 FIGURE OUT A WAY TO EXCLUDE 636 00:18:32,266 --> 00:18:33,333 UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANTS IN THE 637 00:18:33,333 --> 00:18:34,366 APPORTIONMENT COUNT. 638 00:18:34,366 --> 00:18:35,566 AND, YOU KNOW, HERE'S ONE THING 639 00:18:35,566 --> 00:18:37,700 TO KEEP IN MIND HERE: BY NOT 640 00:18:37,700 --> 00:18:39,933 EXTENDING THE COUNTING, BY NOT 641 00:18:39,933 --> 00:18:41,566 EXTENDING THE DEADLINES FOR 642 00:18:41,566 --> 00:18:43,266 REPORTING THE CENSUS RESULTS, 643 00:18:43,266 --> 00:18:44,800 WHAT THIS MEANS IS THAT BY THE 644 00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:46,266 END OF THIS YEAR, UNDER FEDERAL 645 00:18:46,266 --> 00:18:48,733 LAW, THE PRESIDENT WILL RECEIVE 646 00:18:48,733 --> 00:18:49,733 THE LATEST STATE POPULATION 647 00:18:49,733 --> 00:18:50,733 COUNTS. 648 00:18:50,733 --> 00:18:51,833 THAT IS WHAT THE CENSUS BUREAU 649 00:18:51,833 --> 00:18:53,033 RIGHT NOW IS WORKING TOWARDS. 650 00:18:53,033 --> 00:18:54,400 AND THOSE ARE THE STATES, THOSE 651 00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:55,666 STATE POPULATION COUNTS, THOSE 652 00:18:55,666 --> 00:18:56,966 ARE THE NUMBERS THAT PRESIDENT 653 00:18:56,966 --> 00:18:58,500 TRUMP, WHO HIS MEMO SAYS HE 654 00:18:58,500 --> 00:19:00,100 WANTS TO EXCLUDE UNAUTHORIZED 655 00:19:00,100 --> 00:19:01,233 IMMIGRANTS FROM. 656 00:19:01,233 --> 00:19:02,233 >> Sreenivasan: THE CENSUS HAS 657 00:19:02,233 --> 00:19:03,533 TO BE COMPLETED BY A CERTAIN 658 00:19:03,533 --> 00:19:04,600 TIME, RIGHT? 659 00:19:04,600 --> 00:19:07,633 SO, IF THIS DOES NOT GO WELL, IS 660 00:19:07,633 --> 00:19:09,233 THERE SOME SORT OF STATISTICAL 661 00:19:09,233 --> 00:19:11,366 THRESHOLD WHERE THE CENSUS 662 00:19:11,366 --> 00:19:13,433 TAKERS CAN JUST SAY, LOOK, WE 663 00:19:13,433 --> 00:19:16,233 ACTUALLY DON'T HAVE AN ACCURATE 664 00:19:16,233 --> 00:19:18,433 PICTURE OF WHO'S IN THIS COUNTRY 665 00:19:18,433 --> 00:19:20,633 BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT AND WE 666 00:19:20,633 --> 00:19:22,500 KIND OF NEED A DO-OVER. 667 00:19:22,500 --> 00:19:23,966 >> THAT'S A BIG OPEN QUESTION AT 668 00:19:23,966 --> 00:19:25,166 THIS POINT. 669 00:19:25,166 --> 00:19:27,433 THE CENSUS BUREAU DOESN'T HAVE 670 00:19:27,433 --> 00:19:29,800 NECESSARILY DEADLINES TO SET-- 671 00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:31,533 DOESN'T HAVE SET LEGAL DEADLINES 672 00:19:31,533 --> 00:19:32,733 FOR ENDING OF COUNTING, BUT IT 673 00:19:32,733 --> 00:19:34,433 DOES HAVE REPORTING DEADLINES. 674 00:19:34,433 --> 00:19:35,800 AND DECEMBER 31 IS THAT KEY 675 00:19:35,800 --> 00:19:36,833 DEADLINE. 676 00:19:36,833 --> 00:19:38,366 AND THE QUESTION IS, DOES THE 677 00:19:38,366 --> 00:19:40,000 CENSUS BUREAU HAVE ENOUGH TIME 678 00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:41,600 TO FINISH A COUNT AND ALSO HAVE 679 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:43,533 ENOUGH TIME TO PROCESS ALL THOSE 680 00:19:43,533 --> 00:19:45,266 RESULTS TO MAKE SURE THAT THERE 681 00:19:45,266 --> 00:19:47,300 AREN'T DUPLICATE RESULTS AND DO 682 00:19:47,300 --> 00:19:48,633 ANY TYPE OF CLEANING NECESSARY 683 00:19:48,633 --> 00:19:49,633 TO MAKE SURE THIS IS THE MOST 684 00:19:49,633 --> 00:19:51,733 ACCURATE DATA SET POSSIBLE. 685 00:19:51,733 --> 00:19:54,066 AND THE BIG QUESTION IS ALSO IS, 686 00:19:54,066 --> 00:19:55,766 ARE THERE GOING TO BE ENOUGH 687 00:19:55,766 --> 00:19:57,766 INDICATORS AND METRICS FOR THE 688 00:19:57,766 --> 00:19:59,300 CENSUS BUREAU AS WELL AS OUTSIDE 689 00:19:59,300 --> 00:20:00,900 RESEARCHERS TO REALLY MAKE THAT 690 00:20:00,900 --> 00:20:02,966 ASSESSMENT OF HOW GOOD IS THE 691 00:20:02,966 --> 00:20:04,200 2020 CENSUS? 692 00:20:04,200 --> 00:20:05,400 HOW GOOD ARE THESE RESULTS? 693 00:20:05,400 --> 00:20:06,400 >> Sreenivasan: NPR'S HANSI LO 694 00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:07,566 WANG JOINING US FROM NEW YORK. 695 00:20:07,566 --> 00:20:08,833 THANKS SO MUCH. 696 00:20:08,833 --> 00:20:20,400 >> YOU'RE WELCOME, HARI. 697 00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:21,400 >> Sreenivasan: BEFORE THE 698 00:20:21,400 --> 00:20:22,433 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC CHANGED 699 00:20:22,433 --> 00:20:23,866 EVERYTHING, THE SUMMER OF 2020 700 00:20:23,866 --> 00:20:25,066 WAS GOING TO BE THE TIME OF THE 701 00:20:25,066 --> 00:20:26,466 TRADITIONAL DAYS-LONG NATIONAL 702 00:20:26,466 --> 00:20:28,000 POLITICAL CONVENTIONS. 703 00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:29,133 BUT AS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND SPECIAL 704 00:20:29,133 --> 00:20:30,233 CORRESPONDENT JEFF GREENFIELD 705 00:20:30,233 --> 00:20:31,966 REPORTS, THE CONVENTIONS WERE 706 00:20:31,966 --> 00:20:33,100 ALREADY FADING FROM THE 707 00:20:33,100 --> 00:20:34,633 SPOTLIGHT AND THEIR HISTORIC 708 00:20:34,633 --> 00:20:39,366 ROLE YEARS BEFORE COVID-19. 709 00:20:39,366 --> 00:20:40,633 >> THE STRANGEST SOUND YOU WILL 710 00:20:40,633 --> 00:20:42,266 BE HEARING THIS MONTH IS THE 711 00:20:42,266 --> 00:20:44,100 SOUND OF SILENCE. 712 00:20:44,100 --> 00:20:45,166 THERE WILL BE NO THRONGS OF 713 00:20:45,166 --> 00:20:46,333 DEMOCRATS CHEERING THE 714 00:20:46,333 --> 00:20:47,700 NOMINATION OF JOE BIDEN IN 715 00:20:47,700 --> 00:20:49,500 MILWAUKEE; NO CROWDS OF 716 00:20:49,500 --> 00:20:50,733 REPUBLICANS CELEBRATING 717 00:20:50,733 --> 00:20:52,033 PRESIDENT TRUMP IN CHARLOTTE, 718 00:20:52,033 --> 00:20:53,333 NORTH CAROLINA. 719 00:20:53,333 --> 00:20:55,133 NOR IN JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, 720 00:20:55,133 --> 00:20:56,466 WHERE THE REPUBLICANS PLANNED TO 721 00:20:56,466 --> 00:20:58,400 DECAMP, THE BETTER TO HOLD A 722 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:00,333 MORE TRADITIONAL CONVENTION. 723 00:21:00,333 --> 00:21:02,033 THE PERSISTENCE OF THE COVID-19 724 00:21:02,033 --> 00:21:04,266 PANDEMIC HAS FORCED BOTH PARTIES 725 00:21:04,266 --> 00:21:06,100 TO ABANDON AN EVENT THAT HAS 726 00:21:06,100 --> 00:21:07,400 BEEN A MAINSTAY OF AMERICAN 727 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:08,833 POLITICS FOR CLOSE TO TWO 728 00:21:08,833 --> 00:21:10,533 CENTURIES: THE NATIONAL 729 00:21:10,533 --> 00:21:12,400 NOMINATING CONVENTION. 730 00:21:12,400 --> 00:21:13,900 BUT IN A LARGER SENSE, 731 00:21:13,900 --> 00:21:14,966 CONVENTIONS HAVE BEEN ON 732 00:21:14,966 --> 00:21:16,600 SOMETHING CLOSE TO LIFE SUPPORT 733 00:21:16,600 --> 00:21:17,900 FOR DECADES. 734 00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:19,066 FROM THE FIRST GATHERINGS IN 735 00:21:19,066 --> 00:21:21,800 1831, THROUGH CIVIL WARS AND 736 00:21:21,800 --> 00:21:23,800 WORLD WARS, THROUGH PROSPERITY 737 00:21:23,800 --> 00:21:25,533 AND DEPRESSIONS, THIS IS HOW 738 00:21:25,533 --> 00:21:27,066 AMERICA'S POLITICAL PARTIES HAVE 739 00:21:27,066 --> 00:21:28,866 CHOSEN THEIR CANDIDATES, AND 740 00:21:28,866 --> 00:21:29,933 BATTLED OVER THE MOST 741 00:21:29,933 --> 00:21:31,800 SIGNIFICANT OF ISSUES. 742 00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:34,000 IT'S WHERE IN 1912, FORMER 743 00:21:34,000 --> 00:21:35,433 PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT 744 00:21:35,433 --> 00:21:37,033 CHALLENGED HIS SUCCESSOR, 745 00:21:37,033 --> 00:21:38,733 PRESIDENT WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, 746 00:21:38,733 --> 00:21:40,966 FOR THE NOMINATION, THEN LED HIS 747 00:21:40,966 --> 00:21:43,200 SUPPORTERS INTO A THIRD PARTY. 748 00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:45,766 IT'S WHERE, IN 1924, DEMOCRATS 749 00:21:45,766 --> 00:21:48,266 BATTLED FOR 103 BALLOTS BEFORE 750 00:21:48,266 --> 00:21:50,000 CHOOSING A CANDIDATE-- AND WHERE 751 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:51,800 THEY FOUGHT OVER PROHIBITION, 752 00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:53,200 IMMIGRATION AND WHETHER TO 753 00:21:53,200 --> 00:21:55,366 CONDEMN THE KU KLUX KLAN. 754 00:21:55,366 --> 00:21:57,933 IT'S WHERE, IN 1948, DEMOCRATS 755 00:21:57,933 --> 00:21:59,066 EMBRACED THE CAUSE OF CIVIL 756 00:21:59,066 --> 00:22:01,366 RIGHTS AFTER A ROUSING SPEECH BY 757 00:22:01,366 --> 00:22:02,533 HUBERT HUMPHREY. 758 00:22:02,533 --> 00:22:04,033 >> THE TIME HAS ARRIVED IN 759 00:22:04,033 --> 00:22:06,733 AMERICA FOR THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY 760 00:22:06,733 --> 00:22:08,333 TO GET OUT OF THE SHADOWS OF 761 00:22:08,333 --> 00:22:10,433 STATE'S RIGHTS, AND TO WALK 762 00:22:10,433 --> 00:22:12,133 FORTHRIGHTLY INTO THE BRIGHT 763 00:22:12,133 --> 00:22:14,566 SUNSHINE OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 764 00:22:14,566 --> 00:22:16,600 ( CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ) 765 00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:17,733 >> AND WHERE SOUTHERNERS WALKED 766 00:22:17,733 --> 00:22:19,100 OUT, AND LAUNCHED A 767 00:22:19,100 --> 00:22:20,733 SEGREGATIONIST THIRD PARTY THAT 768 00:22:20,733 --> 00:22:22,133 ALMOST COST HARRY TRUMAN THE 769 00:22:22,133 --> 00:22:23,166 WHITE HOUSE. 770 00:22:23,166 --> 00:22:24,266 BUT IT WAS THE ARRIVAL OF 771 00:22:24,266 --> 00:22:25,300 TELEVISION THAT BROUGHT 772 00:22:25,300 --> 00:22:26,666 CONVENTIONS INTO MILLIONS OF 773 00:22:26,666 --> 00:22:28,566 AMERICAN HOMES, COMPLETE WITH 774 00:22:28,566 --> 00:22:30,666 FURIOUS CONFLICTS RHETORICAL AND 775 00:22:30,666 --> 00:22:31,700 PHYSICAL. 776 00:22:31,700 --> 00:22:33,533 IN 1952, WITH FIGHTS OVER 777 00:22:33,533 --> 00:22:35,033 DUELING DELEGATE SLATES, AND AN 778 00:22:35,033 --> 00:22:36,866 ANGRY DENUNCIATION BY ILLINOIS 779 00:22:36,866 --> 00:22:38,566 SENATOR EV DIRKSEN OF THE 780 00:22:38,566 --> 00:22:40,500 PARTY'S LAST NOMINEE, NEW YORK 781 00:22:40,500 --> 00:22:42,000 GOVERNOR TOM DEWEY. 782 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:44,300 >> AND WE FOLLOWED YOU BEFORE, 783 00:22:44,300 --> 00:22:46,066 AND YOU TOOK US DOWN THE ROAD TO 784 00:22:46,066 --> 00:22:47,233 DEFEAT! 785 00:22:47,233 --> 00:22:48,666 >> OR THE 1968 DEMOCRATIC 786 00:22:48,666 --> 00:22:50,366 CONVENTION IN CHICAGO, WHERE 787 00:22:50,366 --> 00:22:52,033 VIOLENT CLASHES IN THE STREETS 788 00:22:52,033 --> 00:22:53,966 LED TO A FRONTAL BLAST AT 789 00:22:53,966 --> 00:22:55,866 CHICAGO MAYOR RICHARD DALEY. 790 00:22:55,866 --> 00:22:57,200 >> AND WITH GEORGE McGOVERN AS 791 00:22:57,200 --> 00:22:59,866 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 792 00:22:59,866 --> 00:23:01,266 WE WOULDN'T HAVE TO HAVE 793 00:23:01,266 --> 00:23:03,233 GESTAPO-STYLE TACTICS IN THE 794 00:23:03,233 --> 00:23:04,466 STREETS OF CHICAGO! 795 00:23:04,466 --> 00:23:07,200 ( CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ) 796 00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:08,800 >> AND WHERE A PRESS CREDENTIAL 797 00:23:08,800 --> 00:23:10,366 WAS NO PROTECTION. 798 00:23:10,366 --> 00:23:11,366 >> BUT DON'T PUSH ME. 799 00:23:11,366 --> 00:23:12,500 TAKE YOUR HANDS OFF OF ME UNLESS 800 00:23:12,500 --> 00:23:13,700 YOU PLAN TO ARREST ME! 801 00:23:13,700 --> 00:23:14,833 >> AND EVEN WITHOUT SUCH HIGH 802 00:23:14,833 --> 00:23:16,600 DRAMA, CONVENTIONS WERE OFTEN 803 00:23:16,600 --> 00:23:19,133 FILLED WITH POLITICAL SUSPENSE. 804 00:23:19,133 --> 00:23:20,266 WOULD GEORGE McGOVERN GET TO 805 00:23:20,266 --> 00:23:21,600 KEEP ALL HIS DELEGATES FROM 806 00:23:21,600 --> 00:23:24,433 CALIFORNIA IN 1972, THE KEY TO 807 00:23:24,433 --> 00:23:25,600 HIS NOMINATION? 808 00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:26,866 WOULD RONALD REAGAN FOUR YEARS 809 00:23:26,866 --> 00:23:28,333 LATER SUCCEED IN UNSEATING 810 00:23:28,333 --> 00:23:30,066 PRESIDENT GERALD FORD? 811 00:23:30,066 --> 00:23:31,533 WOULD TED KENNEDY MANAGE TO KEEP 812 00:23:31,533 --> 00:23:33,166 HIS NOMINATION HOPES ALIVE WITH 813 00:23:33,166 --> 00:23:34,700 A PARLIAMENTARY MANEUVER? 814 00:23:34,700 --> 00:23:36,433 BUT THAT 1980 CONVENTION WAS THE 815 00:23:36,433 --> 00:23:38,066 LAST GASP OF ANYTHING 816 00:23:38,066 --> 00:23:39,666 APPROACHING SUSPENSE. 817 00:23:39,666 --> 00:23:41,333 THE PRIMARIES HAD ALREADY BECOME 818 00:23:41,333 --> 00:23:42,500 THE WAY THE GREAT MAJORITY OF 819 00:23:42,500 --> 00:23:44,233 DELEGATES WERE ELECTED. 820 00:23:44,233 --> 00:23:45,700 NO MORE BROKERS IN SMOKE-FILLED 821 00:23:45,700 --> 00:23:47,833 ROOMS PICKING A NOMINEE; NO 822 00:23:47,833 --> 00:23:49,233 SECOND OR THIRD BALLOTS WHERE 823 00:23:49,233 --> 00:23:51,633 ALLIANCES WERE FORMED OR BROKEN. 824 00:23:51,633 --> 00:23:52,766 THERE HASN'T BEEN A SECOND 825 00:23:52,766 --> 00:23:53,933 BALLOT FOR A PRESIDENTIAL 826 00:23:53,933 --> 00:23:56,866 NOMINATION SINCE 1952. 827 00:23:56,866 --> 00:23:58,266 AND EVERY FOUR YEARS, PUNDITS 828 00:23:58,266 --> 00:24:00,433 PROCLAIM THAT, THIS TIME, THERE 829 00:24:00,433 --> 00:24:02,066 WILL BE A REAL CONTESTED 830 00:24:02,066 --> 00:24:04,100 CONVENTION, ONLY TO WATCH THE 831 00:24:04,100 --> 00:24:05,666 NOMINATION WRAPPED UP WEEKS OR 832 00:24:05,666 --> 00:24:06,900 MONTHS BEFORE THE CONVENTION 833 00:24:06,900 --> 00:24:08,200 BEGINS. 834 00:24:08,200 --> 00:24:09,566 THAT FACT, IN TURN, HAS MADE 835 00:24:09,566 --> 00:24:11,133 CONVENTIONS MUCH LESS APPEALING 836 00:24:11,133 --> 00:24:12,700 TO AUDIENCES, AND TO TV 837 00:24:12,700 --> 00:24:13,866 NETWORKS. 838 00:24:13,866 --> 00:24:15,266 THE MULTI-MILLION INVESTMENT IN 839 00:24:15,266 --> 00:24:16,866 SKY BOOTHS, AND AN ARMY OF 840 00:24:16,866 --> 00:24:18,733 REPORTERS AND TECHNICIANS, HAS 841 00:24:18,733 --> 00:24:20,033 BEEN SCALED BACK IN RECENT 842 00:24:20,033 --> 00:24:21,800 YEARS, AND THE MAJOR BROADCAST 843 00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:23,033 NETWORKS DEVOTE LESS THAN AN 844 00:24:23,033 --> 00:24:25,166 HOUR A NIGHT TO THE PROCEEDINGS. 845 00:24:25,166 --> 00:24:26,566 THERE ARE NO CHALLENGES TO THE 846 00:24:26,566 --> 00:24:28,166 RULES OR THE PLATFORM, OR THE 847 00:24:28,166 --> 00:24:30,000 CREDENTIALS OF DELEGATES. 848 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:31,266 ABOUT THE ONLY CHANCE FOR 849 00:24:31,266 --> 00:24:33,066 SURPRISE IS WHEN AN OBSCURE 850 00:24:33,066 --> 00:24:34,666 FIGURE SUDDENLY EMERGES INTO 851 00:24:34,666 --> 00:24:36,400 PROMINENCE; LIKE THIS KEYNOTE 852 00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:38,366 SPEAKER FROM 2004. 853 00:24:38,366 --> 00:24:39,433 >> THERE IS NOT A LIBERAL 854 00:24:39,433 --> 00:24:41,166 AMERICA, AND A CONSERVATIVE 855 00:24:41,166 --> 00:24:42,900 AMERICA, THERE IS THE UNITED 856 00:24:42,900 --> 00:24:44,433 STATES OF AMERICA! 857 00:24:44,433 --> 00:24:45,933 ( CHEERS AND APPLAUSE ) 858 00:24:45,933 --> 00:24:47,066 >> FOUR YEARS AGO, THE ONLY 859 00:24:47,066 --> 00:24:49,500 REMOTELY UNSCRIPTED MOMENT CAME 860 00:24:49,500 --> 00:24:51,200 WHEN SENATOR TED CRUZ DID NOT 861 00:24:51,200 --> 00:24:52,866 ENDORSE DONALD TRUMP, AND WAS 862 00:24:52,866 --> 00:24:54,866 ROUNDLY BOOED FOR IT. 863 00:24:54,866 --> 00:24:59,600 >> FREEDOM MATTERS, AND I WAS 864 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:03,166 PART OF SOMETHING BEAUTIFUL. 865 00:25:03,166 --> 00:25:08,033 ( MIXED CROWD REACTION ) 866 00:25:08,033 --> 00:25:09,566 >> NOW, THE PANDEMIC MAY HAVE 867 00:25:09,566 --> 00:25:11,033 ANSWERED THE QUESTION MANY HAVE 868 00:25:11,033 --> 00:25:12,800 BEEN ASKING FOR DECADES: DO WE 869 00:25:12,800 --> 00:25:14,266 REALLY NEED FOUR DAYS OF 870 00:25:14,266 --> 00:25:16,533 METICULOUSLY SCRIPTED PAGEANTRY? 871 00:25:16,533 --> 00:25:17,833 IS THERE A POINT TO AN EVENT 872 00:25:17,833 --> 00:25:19,400 WHICH-- LIKE MAIN STREET AT 873 00:25:19,400 --> 00:25:20,766 DISNEY WORLD-- CREATES AN 874 00:25:20,766 --> 00:25:22,933 ESSENTIALLY ARTIFICIAL REALITY? 875 00:25:22,933 --> 00:25:24,733 OR DO WE NEED TO KEEP THE 876 00:25:24,733 --> 00:25:26,333 CONVENTIONS ALIVE ON THE CHANCE 877 00:25:26,333 --> 00:25:28,800 THAT SOME YEAR, SOME DECADE, AN 878 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:30,433 UNRESOLVED PRIMARY FIGHT MAY 879 00:25:30,433 --> 00:25:32,500 ACTUALLY HAVE TO BE RESOLVED 880 00:25:32,500 --> 00:25:44,400 ON THE CONVENTION FLOOR? 881 00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:45,400 >> Sreenivasan: FINALLY, TODAY 882 00:25:45,400 --> 00:25:47,200 MARKS THE 75th ANNIVERSARY OF 883 00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:48,900 THE ATOMIC BOMBING OF NAGASAKI, 884 00:25:48,900 --> 00:25:49,933 JAPAN. 885 00:25:49,933 --> 00:25:52,800 ( BELL RINGING ) 886 00:25:52,800 --> 00:25:55,233 AT EXACTLY 11:02 LOCAL TIME, 887 00:25:55,233 --> 00:25:56,233 BELLS RANG OUT. 888 00:25:56,233 --> 00:25:57,233 THAT'S THE MOMENT THAT AN 889 00:25:57,233 --> 00:25:58,400 AMERICAN B-29 BOMBER DROPPED A 890 00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:00,100 10,000 POUND PLUTONIUM BOMB ON 891 00:26:00,100 --> 00:26:01,733 THE CITY, KILLING AN ESTIMATED 892 00:26:01,733 --> 00:26:03,300 70,000 PEOPLE. 893 00:26:03,300 --> 00:26:04,833 THAT WAS THREE DAYS AFTER THE 894 00:26:04,833 --> 00:26:06,433 NUCLEAR BOMB DROPPED ON THE CITY 895 00:26:06,433 --> 00:26:07,733 OF HIROSHIMA. 896 00:26:07,733 --> 00:26:09,333 WITHIN A WEEK, ON AUGUST 15, 897 00:26:09,333 --> 00:26:11,533 1945, JAPAN SURRENDERED, ENDING 898 00:26:11,533 --> 00:26:13,233 WORLD WAR II. 899 00:26:13,233 --> 00:26:14,233 THAT'S ALL FOR THIS EDITION OF 900 00:26:14,233 --> 00:26:15,300 "PBS NEWSHOUR WEEKEND." 901 00:26:15,300 --> 00:26:16,333 FOR THE LATEST NEWS UPDATES 902 00:26:16,333 --> 00:26:18,433 VISIT pbs.org/newshour. 903 00:26:18,433 --> 00:26:19,433 I'M HARI SREENIVASAN. 904 00:26:19,433 --> 00:26:20,433 THANKS FOR WATCHING. 905 00:26:20,433 --> 00:26:21,433 STAY HEALTHY AND HAVE A GOOD 906 00:26:21,433 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