WEBVTT 00:00.333 --> 00:01.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: EARLY POLICE 00:01.200 --> 00:02.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REPORTS, AND SUBSEQUENT 00:02.233 --> 00:03.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EVIDENCE, PRESENTED IN THE 00:03.266 --> 00:04.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POLICE KILLING OF GEORGE FLOYD, 00:04.566 --> 00:06.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PAINTED A CONTRADICTORY PICTURE 00:06.266 --> 00:07.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF THE DEADLY EVENTS THAT PLAYED 00:07.666 --> 00:09.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUT THAT EVENING, NEARLY A YEAR 00:09.100 --> 00:11.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AGO IN MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA. 00:11.200 --> 00:12.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORE RECENTLY, NEWLY RELEASED 00:12.933 --> 00:15.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VIDEO FROM TWO YEARS AGO AFTER 00:15.000 --> 00:16.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE DEATH OF RONALD GREENE IN 00:16.400 --> 00:18.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOUISIANA, PAINTS ANOTHER 00:18.333 --> 00:19.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INCONSISTENT PICTURE. 00:19.966 --> 00:21.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GREENE DIED IN LAW ENFORCEMENT 00:21.266 --> 00:23.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CUSTODY AFTER A CAR CHASE. 00:23.133 --> 00:24.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WHILE INCIDENTS LIKE THESE 00:24.666 --> 00:26.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SPARK RENEWED CALLS FOR POLICE 00:26.500 --> 00:28.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REFORM, CONSENSUS ON WHAT THAT 00:28.233 --> 00:30.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MEANS IS NEBULOUS. 00:30.100 --> 00:31.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I SPOKE WITH PHILLIP ATIBA GOFF, 00:31.933 --> 00:33.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CO-FOUNDER AND C.E.O. OF THE 00:33.566 --> 00:35.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CENTER FOR POLICING EQUITY AND 00:35.766 --> 00:37.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROFESSOR OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN 00:37.100 --> 00:38.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STUDIES AND PSYCHOLOGY AT YALE 00:38.833 --> 00:41.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UNIVERSITY ABOUT THESE ISSUES. 00:41.166 --> 00:44.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN THIS LAST YEAR, HAVE WE SEEN 00:44.600 --> 00:47.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STRUCTURAL CHANGES TO POLICING 00:47.133 --> 00:48.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN AMERICA? 00:48.333 --> 00:49.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> SO, THERE'S TWO WAYS FOR ME 00:49.733 --> 00:51.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO TAKE THAT QUESTION. 00:51.266 --> 00:53.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE FIRST WAY IS HAS THE COUNTRY 00:53.700 --> 00:54.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHANGED? 00:54.933 --> 00:56.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND I THINK THAT MOST PEOPLE ARE 00:56.600 --> 01:00.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FRUSTRATED BY THE LACK OF CHANGE 01:00.100 --> 01:01.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT THEY SEE NATIONWIDE. 01:01.766 --> 01:02.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND IT ABSOLUTELY FEELS LIKE 01:02.833 --> 01:04.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S A NATIONWIDE QUESTION. 01:04.500 --> 01:05.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S IN PART BECAUSE PEOPLE 01:05.600 --> 01:06.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE LOOKING AT FEDERAL 01:06.633 --> 01:08.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LEGISLATION WHICH HASN'T PASSED. 01:08.633 --> 01:10.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY'RE LOOKING FOR PRESIDENTIAL 01:10.333 --> 01:11.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LEADERSHIP. 01:11.233 --> 01:12.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WE'VE JUST HAD A TRANSITION. 01:12.533 --> 01:13.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY'RE LOOKING FOR SOMETHING 01:13.400 --> 01:14.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT DEALS WITH IT AT A FULL 01:14.433 --> 01:15.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NATIONAL LEVEL. 01:15.900 --> 01:17.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WHEN WE'RE LOOKING THERE, IT 01:17.533 --> 01:18.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DOESN'T LOOK LIKE WHAT WE WANT 01:18.633 --> 01:19.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO SEE. 01:19.533 --> 01:21.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT SAID, THERE ARE LOTS OF 01:21.400 --> 01:23.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POCKETS, COMMUNITIES, ORGANIZERS 01:23.900 --> 01:25.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AROUND THE COUNTRY, THAT HAVE 01:25.133 --> 01:27.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DONE REALLY REMARKABLE THINGS. 01:27.533 --> 01:29.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'VE SEEN THE CITY OF BERKELEY 01:29.466 --> 01:30.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% END LOW LEVEL TRAFFIC 01:30.666 --> 01:32.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENFORCEMENT, CITY OF BALTIMORE 01:32.466 --> 01:34.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS DECLINING TO PROSECUTE IT. 01:34.133 --> 01:35.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CITY OF ITHACA JUST APPROVED A 01:35.666 --> 01:37.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PLAN TO DISSOLVE ITS POLICE 01:37.600 --> 01:38.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEPARTMENT AND PUT TOGETHER 01:38.633 --> 01:40.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOMETHING ENTIRELY DIFFERENT, A 01:40.166 --> 01:41.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY 01:41.233 --> 01:43.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOLUTIONS AND PUBLIC SAFETY 01:43.133 --> 01:44.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S MAJORITY UNARMED, 01:44.700 --> 01:45.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CIVILIAN-LED, AND WON'T SEND 01:45.833 --> 01:47.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ANYBODY ARMED TO A NONVIOLENT 01:47.566 --> 01:48.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONFLICT. 01:48.966 --> 01:50.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, I THINK WHAT'S HAPPENING IS 01:50.066 --> 01:52.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'RE SEEING PIECEMEAL, LIGHT 01:52.433 --> 01:54.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YEARS OF LEAPS. 01:54.700 --> 01:56.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, PIECEMEAL JUMPS FORWARD 01:56.966 --> 01:58.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TOWARDS WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO. 01:58.633 --> 01:59.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THAT'S GOING TO BE 01:59.700 --> 02:01.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ULTIMATELY UNSATISFYING WHEN 02:01.000 --> 02:02.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'RE LOOKING AT IN A NATIONAL 02:02.100 --> 02:03.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LENS, BUT IT'S GOING TO CREATE 02:03.466 --> 02:05.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE MODELS THAT MAKE IT POSSIBLE 02:05.633 --> 02:07.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO SEE FULL NATIONAL CHANGE. 02:07.200 --> 02:08.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: YOU HAVE, WHAT, 02:08.766 --> 02:10.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% 18,000 DIFFERENT POLICE 02:10.433 --> 02:12.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEPARTMENTS OR JURISDICTIONS, 02:12.066 --> 02:14.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WHAT MIGHT WORK IN A COLLEGE 02:14.266 --> 02:17.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TOWN LIKE BERKELEY OR ITHACA, 02:17.066 --> 02:18.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WILL IT WORK ON THE STREETS OF A 02:18.866 --> 02:20.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MAJOR AMERICAN CITY? 02:20.266 --> 02:22.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW DO WE, KIND OF, GET FROM ONE 02:22.466 --> 02:24.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PLACE TO THE OTHER WITHOUT THE 02:24.666 --> 02:26.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SORT OF CULTURAL IMMEDIATE 02:26.666 --> 02:28.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RESISTANCE AND RESPONSE THAT 02:28.333 --> 02:31.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAYS, HOLD ON HERE, I EQUATE 02:31.466 --> 02:33.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORE COPS ON THE STREETS WITH 02:33.900 --> 02:35.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INCREASED SAFETY, BECAUSE 02:35.866 --> 02:38.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PARTLY, THAT IS THE MESSAGE THAT 02:38.433 --> 02:40.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I'VE HEARD AND BELIEVED FOR 02:40.733 --> 02:42.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DECADES. 02:42.500 --> 02:43.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> YEAH, I MEAN, IT'S A GOOD 02:43.966 --> 02:44.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% QUESTION. 02:44.833 --> 02:46.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ITHACA AND BERKELEY ARE NOT 02:46.333 --> 02:47.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PHILADELPHIA AND ST. LOUIS, AND 02:47.700 --> 02:48.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE SHOULDN'T TRY TO PRETEND LIKE 02:48.833 --> 02:49.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY ARE. 02:49.933 --> 02:51.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THERE'S 18,000 LAW ENFORCEMENT 02:51.166 --> 02:52.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AGENCIES ACROSS THE UNITED 02:52.200 --> 02:53.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STATES. 02:53.166 --> 02:54.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WHEN WE THINK OF POLICING, 02:54.100 --> 02:56.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE THINK OF N.Y.P.D. AND CHICAGO 02:56.200 --> 02:57.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND HOUSTON AND PHILADELPHIA. 02:57.933 --> 02:59.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT THE REALITY IS, 75% OF THOSE 02:59.966 --> 03:02.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ARE 25 03:02.266 --> 03:03.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OFFICERS OR FEWER. 03:03.200 --> 03:04.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THERE'S 1,000 THAT ARE JUST 03:04.266 --> 03:05.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONE DUDE, BUT IT'S PRETTY MUCH 03:05.966 --> 03:07.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ALWAYS A DUDE. 03:07.400 --> 03:09.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, IN THAT CONTEXT, WE'RE GOING 03:09.800 --> 03:11.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO SEE REALLY DIFFERENT CHANGES 03:11.666 --> 03:13.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN A CITY WHERE THERE'S 63 03:13.066 --> 03:14.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OFFICERS, THAN IN A CITY WHERE 03:14.433 --> 03:16.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THERE'S 35,000. 03:16.033 --> 03:17.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT MIGHT NOT EVEN BE THE SAME 03:17.000 --> 03:18.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% JOB. 03:18.366 --> 03:19.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, NO, I DON'T THINK WHAT'S 03:19.733 --> 03:21.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAPPENING IN BERKELEY AND ITHICA 03:21.366 --> 03:22.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS AN IMMEDIATE ROADMAP FOR 03:22.733 --> 03:24.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHICAGO AND DALLAS. 03:24.366 --> 03:25.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I DO THINK, THOUGH, THAT THEY 03:25.566 --> 03:26.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROVIDE MODELS FOR HOW 03:26.633 --> 03:27.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COMMUNITIES COME TOGETHER AND 03:27.866 --> 03:28.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAY THIS IS HOW WE KEEP 03:28.966 --> 03:30.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OURSELVES SAFE. 03:30.666 --> 03:33.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND SO, IT MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE 03:33.066 --> 03:34.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR NEW YORK TO DO WHAT ITHICA 03:34.633 --> 03:35.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% JUST DID, EVEN THOUGH THEY'RE IN 03:35.866 --> 03:37.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE SAME STATE. 03:37.166 --> 03:38.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT MAY BE POSSIBLE, THOUGH, FOR 03:38.433 --> 03:40.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONE BOROUGH OR FOR ONE PRECINCT 03:40.633 --> 03:42.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO GIVE THAT A SHOT AND THAT WE 03:42.033 --> 03:43.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SCALE UP COMMUNITY BY COMMUNITY 03:43.700 --> 03:45.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND BLOCK BY BLOCK, BECAUSE 03:45.200 --> 03:47.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S HONESTLY HOW CRIME WORKS. 03:47.300 --> 03:48.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CRIME IS HYPER LOCAL. 03:48.866 --> 03:49.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S NOT EVEN LIKE A 03:49.866 --> 03:50.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEIGHBORHOOD, IT'S ONE STREET 03:50.900 --> 03:52.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CORNER WITHIN THAT NEIGHBORHOOD 03:52.166 --> 03:54.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S LIKE 85% OF THE VIOLENCE. 03:54.266 --> 03:55.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, IF CRIME WORKS THAT WAY, WHY 03:55.833 --> 03:57.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DO WE IMAGINE THAT SOLUTIONS TO 03:57.533 --> 03:59.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CRIME, SOLUTIONS TO POVERTY, 03:59.466 --> 04:01.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOLUTIONS TO THE CONCENTRATED 04:01.400 --> 04:03.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SETS OF DISADVANTAGE THAT MAKE 04:03.500 --> 04:05.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CRIME A MORE ATTRACTIVE REALITY, 04:05.800 --> 04:07.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHY DO WE IMAGINE THAT OUR 04:07.233 --> 04:08.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOLUTIONS DON'T HAVE TO TAKE THE 04:08.566 --> 04:09.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAME KIND OF SHAPE AND THE SAME 04:09.666 --> 04:10.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KIND OF SCALE? 04:10.933 --> 04:11.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I DON'T KNOW WHY, BUT I'M GOING 04:11.966 --> 04:13.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO TELL YOU, WE'RE GOING TO BE 04:13.000 --> 04:14.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DISAPPOINTED UNTIL WE RIGHT SIZE 04:14.266 --> 04:15.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THOSE SETS OF THINGS. 04:15.466 --> 04:16.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: BUT WHAT 04:16.500 --> 04:17.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COMPLICATES MATTERS IS THAT 04:17.800 --> 04:19.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'RE HAVING THIS CONVERSATION 04:19.366 --> 04:20.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN STILL, KIND OF, I'D SAY 04:20.766 --> 04:22.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOPEFULLY THE SECOND HALF OF A 04:22.766 --> 04:24.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PANDEMIC, WHICH HAS HAD MASSIVE 04:24.633 --> 04:26.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS, HAS MADE 04:26.900 --> 04:28.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE THINK SO DIFFERENTLY 04:28.566 --> 04:31.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABOUT WHERE THEY ARE IN SOCIETY. 04:31.133 --> 04:32.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE THEY ESSENTIAL OR ARE THEY 04:32.600 --> 04:33.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EXPENDABLE? 04:33.666 --> 04:37.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW DO I FIT INTO THIS? 04:37.433 --> 04:39.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHAT IS THE ROLE OF POLICE AND 04:39.133 --> 04:41.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CRIME, IS KIND OF ONE QUESTION 04:41.133 --> 04:42.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S PART OF A MUCH, MUCH 04:42.366 --> 04:44.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BIGGER SET OF CHALLENGES THAT 04:44.266 --> 04:45.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'RE ALL DEALING WITH. 04:45.966 --> 04:47.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> YEAH, IT'S BOTH, IT MAKES IT 04:47.866 --> 04:49.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORE COMPLICATED BECAUSE LOOK AT 04:49.266 --> 04:50.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ALL THE OTHER THINGS WE'VE GOT 04:50.400 --> 04:52.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO DO JUST TO STAY SAFE, RIGHT. 04:52.233 --> 04:53.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ESPECIALLY DURING A PERIOD WHERE 04:53.566 --> 04:55.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE ECONOMY IS CRASHING AND 04:55.166 --> 04:56.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'VE NOT PROVIDED APPROPRIATE 04:56.633 --> 04:58.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROTECTIONS AGAINST EVICTIONS. 04:58.400 --> 04:59.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW DO YOU SOCIAL DISTANCE WHEN 04:59.566 --> 05:01.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU CAN'T STAY INDOORS? 05:01.600 --> 05:03.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND, ALSO, IT PROVIDES A UNIQUE 05:03.366 --> 05:05.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SET OF OPPORTUNITIES BECAUSE 05:05.066 --> 05:06.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S VERY CLEAR THE WAY THAT WE 05:06.166 --> 05:07.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KEEP PEOPLE INDOORS ISN'T 05:07.966 --> 05:08.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORKING. 05:08.733 --> 05:10.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE WAY WE KEEP PEOPLE EMPLOYED 05:10.100 --> 05:11.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ISN'T WORKING. 05:11.033 --> 05:12.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LOOK AT MISSISSIPPI, WHERE THEY 05:12.300 --> 05:14.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROVIDED UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, 05:14.066 --> 05:15.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THEN ALL OF A SUDDEN PEOPLE 05:15.633 --> 05:16.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DECIDED THEY DIDN'T WANT TO GO 05:16.733 --> 05:17.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BACK TO MENIAL JOBS THAT WEREN'T 05:17.966 --> 05:19.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TREATING THEM VERY WELL. 05:19.400 --> 05:21.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THE GOVERNOR DECIDED, YOU 05:21.033 --> 05:22.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KNOW WHAT, WE GOT TO TAKE AWAY 05:22.433 --> 05:23.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOUR MONEY, OTHERWISE YOU'LL 05:23.566 --> 05:25.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEVER PRODUCE FOR US. 05:25.166 --> 05:26.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE ARE THINKING ABOUT ENTIRE 05:26.666 --> 05:28.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ECONOMIC SYSTEMS DIFFERENTLY 05:28.233 --> 05:29.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE THE WAY THAT WE'VE SET 05:29.366 --> 05:31.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UP OUR SOCIETY DOES NOT TREAT 05:31.200 --> 05:32.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VULNERABLE PEOPLE LIKE THEY'RE 05:32.466 --> 05:33.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FULLY HUMAN. 05:33.700 --> 05:34.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THAT'S A GREAT WAY TO START 05:34.966 --> 05:36.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THINKING ABOUT PUBLIC SAFETY, 05:36.233 --> 05:37.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE IF ALL WE'RE DOING RIGHT 05:37.500 --> 05:38.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW IS THINKING ABOUT THE 05:38.566 --> 05:40.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POLICE, WE'VE ALREADY FAILED. 05:40.166 --> 05:41.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: SO, HOW DO YOU 05:41.200 --> 05:43.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TRANSLATE FROM, SAY, FOR 05:43.433 --> 05:44.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EXAMPLE, IF YOU COULD WAVE A 05:44.500 --> 05:46.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MAGIC WAND AND HAVE EVERY 05:46.100 --> 05:48.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OFFICER AND ALL 18,000 05:48.300 --> 05:49.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% JURISDICTIONS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT 05:49.700 --> 05:51.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AGENCIES TAKE IMPLICIT BIAS 05:51.733 --> 05:53.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TESTS AND UNDERSTAND THAT THERE 05:53.633 --> 05:55.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE CERTAIN THINGS THAT THEY 05:55.166 --> 05:57.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BRING TO EVERY OCCASION, HOW DO 05:57.433 --> 05:59.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU TRANSLATE THAT INTO AN 05:59.400 --> 06:02.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACTUAL CULTURAL SHIFT WHERE WE 06:02.900 --> 06:06.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PERCEIVE ONE ANOTHER DIFFERENTLY 06:06.166 --> 06:08.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DAY AFTER DAY, INCIDENT AFTER 06:08.600 --> 06:11.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INCIDENT, WHICH IS REALLY 06:11.000 --> 06:12.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DIFFICULT? 06:12.366 --> 06:14.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> IT IS. 06:14.033 --> 06:15.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S SO DIFFICULT THAT I DON'T 06:15.100 --> 06:16.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KNOW THAT WE REALLY WANT TO TRY. 06:16.833 --> 06:19.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HERE'S WHAT I MEAN BY THAT: THE 06:19.266 --> 06:20.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WAY YOU ASK THAT QUESTION, AND 06:20.900 --> 06:22.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I'M NOT ATTACKING YOU IN ANY 06:22.766 --> 06:23.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WAY, THE WAY YOU ASK THAT 06:23.866 --> 06:24.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% QUESTION. 06:24.900 --> 06:26.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'S THE WAY I GET ASKED A LOT. 06:26.233 --> 06:27.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW DO WE CHANGE THE HEARTS AND 06:27.266 --> 06:28.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MINDS OF OFFICERS TO MAKE 06:28.300 --> 06:29.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POLICING BETTER? 06:29.900 --> 06:31.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND I THINK THAT'S THE WRONG 06:31.100 --> 06:33.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DIAGNOSIS OF THE SOLUTION. 06:33.166 --> 06:34.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RATHER THAN FOCUSING ON THE 06:34.466 --> 06:35.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HEARTS AND MINDS OF OFFICERS OR 06:35.766 --> 06:36.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REALLY THE HEARTS AND MINDS OF 06:36.800 --> 06:38.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ANYBODY, LET'S FOCUS ON THE 06:38.733 --> 06:40.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEHAVIORS, ON THE STRUCTURES 06:40.633 --> 06:41.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT WE ERECT THAT OVER- 06:41.800 --> 06:42.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DETERMINED EVERYBODY'S 06:42.833 --> 06:43.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEHAVIORS. 06:43.900 --> 06:45.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND, SCOUT'S HONOR, WE'RE GOING 06:45.000 --> 06:45.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO GET A BETTER OUTCOME. 06:45.966 --> 06:47.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I'M A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIST, 06:47.133 --> 06:48.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RIGHT? 06:48.066 --> 06:48.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S MY TRAINING. 06:48.966 --> 06:49.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT'S MY BACKGROUND. 06:49.900 --> 06:50.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I'M IN THE PSYCH. DEPARTMENT AT 06:50.800 --> 06:52.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YALE, RIGHT, SO I'M A 06:52.233 --> 06:53.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PSYCHOLOGIST'S PSYCHOLOGIST IN 06:53.733 --> 06:55.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS WAY, AND I'M TELLING YOU, 06:55.466 --> 06:57.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'VE KNOWN FOR THE BETTER PART 06:57.933 --> 07:00.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OF THE LAST CENTURY, THE 07:00.333 --> 07:02.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ATTITUDES IN GENERAL ARE REALLY 07:02.766 --> 07:04.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WEAK PREDICTORS OF BEHAVIOR. 07:04.700 --> 07:05.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT IF YOU WANT TO CHANGE 07:05.733 --> 07:06.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ATTITUDES, THE BEST WAY TO DO 07:06.700 --> 07:09.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT IS TO CHANGE BEHAVIOR. 07:09.266 --> 07:10.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, INSTEAD OF THINKING ABOUT 07:10.333 --> 07:11.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW DO WE AFFECT THE HEARTS AND 07:11.466 --> 07:13.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MINDS OF OFFICERS, LET'S 07:13.100 --> 07:14.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REGULATE THE BEHAVIORS. 07:14.700 --> 07:15.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY'LL CHANGE THEIR ATTITUDES 07:15.966 --> 07:17.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHEN THEY ACT DIFFERENTLY. 07:17.766 --> 07:18.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT SEEMS COUNTERINTUITIVE, IT 07:18.966 --> 07:20.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SEEMS CART BEFORE THE HORSE, BUT 07:20.533 --> 07:22.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I'M TELLING YOU, IN PSYCH. STUDY 07:22.000 --> 07:23.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AFTER STUDY AND META ANALYSIS 07:23.400 --> 07:25.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AFTER META ANALYSIS, ALL OF THE 07:25.166 --> 07:26.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SCIENCE IS CLEAR. 07:26.800 --> 07:28.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEHAVIORS CHANGE ATTITUDES MORE 07:28.733 --> 07:30.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% QUICKLY AND MORE PROFOUNDLY THAN 07:30.000 --> 07:31.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ATTITUDES CHANGE BEHAVIOR. 07:31.466 --> 07:32.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: SO, WHAT ARE 07:32.466 --> 07:33.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHANGES TO BEHAVIORS THAT POLICE 07:33.600 --> 07:35.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEPARTMENTS COULD IMPLEMENT TO 07:35.300 --> 07:36.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOPEFULLY CHANGE ATTITUDES OVER 07:36.566 --> 07:37.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TIME? 07:37.966 --> 07:40.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> SO, MY COLLABORATOR, DEAR 07:40.033 --> 07:41.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FRIEND AND MENTOR, JENNIFER 07:41.266 --> 07:43.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EBERHARDT, HAD A WONDERFUL 07:43.300 --> 07:45.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INTERVENTION IN OAKLAND, WHERE 07:45.233 --> 07:46.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SHE JUST MADE SURE THAT 07:46.433 --> 07:48.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OFFICERS, EVERY OFFICER BEFORE 07:48.233 --> 07:50.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY ENGAGE IN A STOP, THEY HAVE 07:50.266 --> 07:51.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO WRITE DOWN, "THIS IS AN 07:51.966 --> 07:53.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INTELLIGENCE-LED STOP. 07:53.166 --> 07:54.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I HAVE INTELLIGENCE FROM THIS 07:54.766 --> 07:55.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOURCE THAT SAYS THIS IS A GOOD 07:55.933 --> 07:57.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STOP." 07:57.300 --> 07:58.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THE FOLLOWING YEAR, AFTER 07:58.600 --> 08:00.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY IMPLEMENTED THAT, THEY 08:00.000 --> 08:02.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STOPPED 43% FEWER BLACK PEOPLE 08:02.400 --> 08:04.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND CRIME KEPT GOING DOWN. 08:04.466 --> 08:06.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW, THAT'S NOT QUITE CAUSALITY, 08:06.200 --> 08:07.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT THAT'S A PRETTY GOOD START. 08:07.600 --> 08:09.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN LAS VEGAS, THEY WERE HAVING A 08:09.033 --> 08:10.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BIG PROBLEM WITH THEIR USE OF 08:10.300 --> 08:12.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FORCE AFTER FOOT PURSUITS. 08:12.233 --> 08:13.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND SO, CENTER FOR POLICING 08:13.433 --> 08:15.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EQUITY, THE COMMUNITY AND LAS 08:15.266 --> 08:16.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VEGAS METRO POLICE DEPARTMENT 08:16.766 --> 08:18.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CAME TOGETHER AND SAID, HEY, 08:18.266 --> 08:19.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AFTER A FOOT PURSUIT, MY 08:19.233 --> 08:20.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ADRENALINE'S UP, MY HEART RATE'S 08:20.466 --> 08:22.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UP AND I KNOW YOU'RE A BAD GUY. 08:22.500 --> 08:24.000 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MAYBE THAT'S THE PROBLEM. 08:24.000 --> 08:25.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MAYBE I JUST SLOW DOWN, COUNT TO 08:25.133 --> 08:26.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TEN, DON'T TOUCH YOU UNTIL 08:26.200 --> 08:27.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BACKUP SHOWS UP, AND THE YEAR 08:27.900 --> 08:29.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AFTER THEY IMPLEMENTED THAT, 23% 08:29.466 --> 08:30.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DECLINE. 08:30.466 --> 08:33.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT THE BEST INTERVENTION IS NO 08:33.733 --> 08:34.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LAW ENFORCEMENT SHOWING UP IN 08:34.933 --> 08:36.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE FIRST PLACE WHERE THEY DON'T 08:36.666 --> 08:37.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEED TO BE. 08:37.666 --> 08:38.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE LAST 25 YEARS OF DOING THIS 08:38.966 --> 08:40.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORK, EVERYTHING I HEAR FROM 08:40.733 --> 08:42.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POLICE CHIEFS IS DON'T ASK US TO 08:42.533 --> 08:43.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BE SCHOOLTEACHERS, MENTAL HEALTH 08:43.866 --> 08:45.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EXPERTS, SUBSTANCE ABUSE 08:45.100 --> 08:46.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COUNSELORS, HOMELESS EXPERTS. 08:46.766 --> 08:47.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND ACTIVISTS ARE ASKING FOR THE 08:47.833 --> 08:49.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAME DARN THING. 08:49.433 --> 08:51.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DON'T SEND A BADGE AND A GUN 08:51.066 --> 08:52.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHEN THE CRISIS IS HOMELESSNESS, 08:52.333 --> 08:54.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SEND A ROOF AND FOUR WALLS. 08:54.066 --> 08:55.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEN YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY 08:55.333 --> 08:56.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABOUT THEM BEING BETTER. 08:56.866 --> 08:57.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT 08:57.866 --> 08:58.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEM BEING THERE AT ALL. 08:58.866 --> 09:00.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DON'T INTRODUCE A GUN TO A 09:00.500 --> 09:01.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SITUATION WHERE SOMEONE NEEDS 09:01.600 --> 09:02.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SHELTER. 09:02.533 --> 09:04.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT'LL MAKE A TREMENDOUS 09:04.233 --> 09:05.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DIFFERENCE IN HOW OFTEN WE HAVE 09:05.733 --> 09:07.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO MOURN OUR DEAD. 09:07.033 --> 09:07.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: ARE YOU 09:07.933 --> 09:08.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OPTIMISTIC? 09:08.966 --> 09:09.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> I GENUINELY BELIEVE THAT 09:09.966 --> 09:10.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OPTIMISM IN THE FACE OF REALITY 09:10.966 --> 09:12.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS A BIT OF A REVOLUTIONARY ACT, 09:12.600 --> 09:13.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU TRY AND BE A BIT OF A 09:13.633 --> 09:14.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REVOLUTIONARY EVERY DAY. 09:14.900 --> 09:16.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, I AM OPTIMISTIC, AND I AM 09:16.666 --> 09:19.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ALSO NOT NAIVE ABOUT WHAT IT'S 09:19.666 --> 09:20.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOING TO TAKE TO GET FROM HERE 09:20.833 --> 09:21.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO SOMEPLACE DIFFERENT IN A 09:21.900 --> 09:23.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LASTING KIND OF WAY. 09:23.200 --> 09:24.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: ALRIGHT, PHILLIP 09:24.533 --> 09:26.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOFF FROM YALE AND THE CO- 09:26.100 --> 09:27.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOUNDER AND CO-C.E.O. OF THE 09:27.200 --> 09:28.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CENTER FOR POLICING EQUITY. 09:28.633 --> 09:29.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US. 09:29.800 --> 09:30.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: THANKS, HARI.