1
00:00:04,633 --> 00:00:05,633
JUDY WOODRUFF: Good evening.

2
00:00:05,633 --> 00:00:07,033
I'm Judy Woodruff.

3
00:00:07,033 --> 00:00:09,966
On the "NewsHour" tonight: 
immigration limbo.

4
00:00:09,966 --> 00:00:14,833
Republican lawmakers' attempt 
today to come up with an 
immigration fix falls flat, as

5
00:00:14,833 --> 00:00:18,433
children separated from their 
parents hang in the balance.

6
00:00:18,433 --> 00:00:23,433
Plus, we continue our 
reports from the U.S.-Mexico 
border with a federal 
judge tasked with deciding

7
00:00:25,066 --> 00:00:27,933
the fates of immigrant families.

8
00:00:27,933 --> 00:00:32,933
And Making Sense of e-sports 
-- inside the economics of how 
the competitive video-gaming

9
00:00:34,100 --> 00:00:36,466
world is changing 
the sports landscape.

10
00:00:36,466 --> 00:00:39,500
JASON LAKE, Founder, compLexity 
Gaming: The beautiful thing 
about e-sports and about gaming

11
00:00:39,500 --> 00:00:43,600
is, you don't have to be 
6'3'' and 220 to have a shot.

12
00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:46,133
You don't have to 
be 6'9'' to dunk.

13
00:00:46,133 --> 00:00:49,066
Anybody can come, male, 
female, any race, any gender.

14
00:00:49,066 --> 00:00:53,333
As long as you have some 
basic physical functionality, 
it's a level playing field.

15
00:00:53,333 --> 00:00:58,300
JUDY WOODRUFF: All that and more 
on tonight's "PBS NewsHour."

16
00:01:01,300 --> 00:01:04,200
(BREAK)

17
00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:09,200
JUDY WOODRUFF: Immigration 
and the plight of separated 
families remain topic A tonight

18
00:01:13,966 --> 00:01:17,033
in Washington and at the 
U.S. southern border.

19
00:01:17,033 --> 00:01:22,033
But Republicans are 
still divided over how 
to change immigration 
law, and more than 2,300

20
00:01:23,500 --> 00:01:27,433
children are still being held 
separately from their parents.

21
00:01:27,433 --> 00:01:30,433
Congressional correspondent Lisa 
Desjardins begins our coverage.

22
00:01:30,433 --> 00:01:35,033
LISA DESJARDINS: Mixed 
reactions came from across the 
country today, after President

23
00:01:35,033 --> 00:01:37,866
Trump's reversal on 
family separations.

24
00:01:37,866 --> 00:01:42,100
From protesters in 
Milwaukee, angry that entire 
families will be detained.

25
00:01:42,100 --> 00:01:45,000
WOMAN: This has long 
term, devastated effects.

26
00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:49,533
LISA DESJARDINS: To a sense 
of relief from undocumented 
immigrants staying in a private

27
00:01:49,533 --> 00:01:51,566
shelter in McAllen Texas.

28
00:01:51,566 --> 00:01:56,233
WOMAN (through translator): This 
is good news for the Hispanic 
community, because no one

29
00:01:56,233 --> 00:01:59,466
has the right to separate 
children from their parents.

30
00:01:59,466 --> 00:02:03,233
Seeing so many kids crying 
and asking for their 
moms was simply unfair.

31
00:02:03,233 --> 00:02:07,433
LISA DESJARDINS: From the 
White House came a new 
outreach on the issue.

32
00:02:07,433 --> 00:02:12,433
First lady Melania Trump 
made a surprise visit to 
McAllen today, touring 
facilities holding

33
00:02:14,300 --> 00:02:17,766
unaccompanied minors, including 
a few who were separated 
from parents a result of her

34
00:02:18,933 --> 00:02:20,533
husband's immigration 
crackdown at the border.

35
00:02:20,533 --> 00:02:21,533
MELANIA TRUMP, First Lady: Very 
happy and they love to study.

36
00:02:21,533 --> 00:02:24,166
And I love to go to school.

37
00:02:24,166 --> 00:02:29,166
And I would also like to ask 
you how I can help to these 
children to reunite with their

38
00:02:33,400 --> 00:02:35,333
families.

39
00:02:35,333 --> 00:02:38,000
LISA DESJARDINS: The first 
lady decision's to wear a 
jacket while leaving Washington

40
00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:42,833
today, with writing on the 
back that said "I don't 
really care, do you?"

41
00:02:42,833 --> 00:02:44,533
prompted questions.

42
00:02:44,533 --> 00:02:47,966
But her spokesperson 
maintained that there 
was no hidden message.

43
00:02:47,966 --> 00:02:52,500
On her trip, Mrs. Trump was 
joined by Alex Azar, secretary 
of Health and Human Services,

44
00:02:52,500 --> 00:02:56,866
the department tasked with 
overseeing the children after 
they're apprehended by Border

45
00:02:56,866 --> 00:02:58,966
Patrol.

46
00:02:58,966 --> 00:03:02,833
An HHS official confirmed that, 
for now, children separated 
from parents are still going to

47
00:03:04,166 --> 00:03:07,066
foster care homes and facilities 
all across the country.

48
00:03:07,066 --> 00:03:09,100
As for President Trump:

49
00:03:09,100 --> 00:03:10,233
DONALD TRUMP, President of the 
United States: We don't want 
to have children separated from

50
00:03:10,233 --> 00:03:12,200
their parents.

51
00:03:12,200 --> 00:03:14,533
LISA DESJARDINS: He defended 
his actions in a Cabinet meeting 
today, but seemed to give

52
00:03:14,533 --> 00:03:19,066
conflicting statements on 
whether families would stay 
together, saying both this:

53
00:03:19,066 --> 00:03:23,733
DONALD TRUMP: I signed a very 
good executive order yesterday, 
but that's only limited.

54
00:03:23,733 --> 00:03:27,933
No matter how you cut it, it 
leads to separation, ultimately.

55
00:03:27,933 --> 00:03:29,933
LISA DESJARDINS: And this:

56
00:03:29,933 --> 00:03:33,966
DONALD TRUMP: I'm directing HHS, 
DHS, and DOJ to work together 
to keep illegal immigrant

57
00:03:35,966 --> 00:03:40,600
families together during 
the immigration process 
and to reunite these 
previously separated

58
00:03:42,933 --> 00:03:45,333
groups.

59
00:03:45,333 --> 00:03:48,133
LISA DESJARDINS: U.S. 
Customs and Border 
Protection stated today 
that it would now attempt to

60
00:03:48,133 --> 00:03:53,133
keep families together, but 
detained, as it continues to 
refer for prosecution adults

61
00:03:54,066 --> 00:03:56,333
who cross the border illegally.

62
00:03:56,333 --> 00:04:00,133
But people those who deal 
with the families involved 
are deeply concerned.

63
00:04:00,133 --> 00:04:04,000
They say the new order ignores 
those already separated.

64
00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:05,933
Sergio Garcia is a 
public defender in Texas.

65
00:04:05,933 --> 00:04:07,833
SERGIO GARCIA, Pardon Attorney: 
To me, it doesn't mean anything.

66
00:04:07,833 --> 00:04:11,133
And for my clients, it 
doesn't mean anything.

67
00:04:11,133 --> 00:04:15,600
LISA DESJARDINS: "NewsHour" 
talked with Garcia 
about the more than 
2,300 children separated

68
00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:20,566
from their families, 
asking, what is the chance 
that their parents will 
ever see them again?

69
00:04:20,566 --> 00:04:23,700
SERGIO GARCIA: I think 
it's almost none.

70
00:04:23,700 --> 00:04:28,700
And the reason why I feel like 
that is because there is -- 
as you probably know, parents

71
00:04:31,533 --> 00:04:35,700
who come and ask questions 
about asylum, who ask questions 
about immigration, they're being

72
00:04:35,700 --> 00:04:38,266
detained right now.

73
00:04:38,266 --> 00:04:41,700
They're being turned away 
people who are actually 
seeking information, 
like asylum information,

74
00:04:41,700 --> 00:04:43,000
which is a right that they have.

75
00:04:43,000 --> 00:04:44,866
They have a right 
to make that claim.

76
00:04:44,866 --> 00:04:47,133
So, I would say zero.

77
00:04:47,133 --> 00:04:51,566
LISA DESJARDINS: Still in 
question, the legality of the 
president's executive order.

78
00:04:51,566 --> 00:04:56,566
The Department of Justice today 
asked a federal judge to change 
the rules governing the process

79
00:04:58,533 --> 00:05:01,833
and all what families who enter 
the country illegally to be 
held indefinitely, for longer

80
00:05:01,833 --> 00:05:06,666
than the current 20 days, in an 
effort to keep them together.

81
00:05:06,666 --> 00:05:11,666
Meanwhile, in the 
legislative branch, the 
House of Representatives 
voted down one conservative

82
00:05:13,633 --> 00:05:16,300
immigration proposal and delayed 
a vote until tomorrow on a 
Republican compromise that would

83
00:05:16,300 --> 00:05:20,200
make the president's 
new policy of detaining 
families together permanent.

84
00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:25,200
And, Judy, that compromise 
bill doesn't just deal with the 
topic of child separation, but

85
00:05:27,700 --> 00:05:30,233
also a possible path to 
citizenship for dreamers, 
those kids brought here 
legally as children,

86
00:05:31,600 --> 00:05:34,133
and also money for the border 
wall for the president.

87
00:05:34,133 --> 00:05:35,733
JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Lisa, 
tell us more about what's 
going on behind the 
scenes at the Capitol.

88
00:05:35,733 --> 00:05:37,233
You have been there.

89
00:05:37,233 --> 00:05:39,500
I know you spent today all 
day today, yesterday there.

90
00:05:39,500 --> 00:05:43,133
Why are they having such a 
hard time coming together 
on this immigration issue?

91
00:05:43,133 --> 00:05:46,233
LISA DESJARDINS: Well, I think 
we see the classic divide 
the Republican Party has had

92
00:05:46,233 --> 00:05:48,366
for a long time now.

93
00:05:48,366 --> 00:05:52,333
This movement of this big 
vote until tomorrow tells 
us two main things, Judy.

94
00:05:52,333 --> 00:05:56,366
It tells us that, one, they 
do not have the votes for this 
compromise tonight, but, two,

95
00:05:56,366 --> 00:05:59,366
that they think they might 
get them by tomorrow.

96
00:05:59,366 --> 00:06:02,200
Key in this will be the 
conservative Freedom Caucus.

97
00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:07,200
However, they feel like there 
is some conservative momentum, a 
move toward limiting immigration

98
00:06:08,266 --> 00:06:10,300
more than this 
compromise bill does.

99
00:06:10,300 --> 00:06:14,300
Now, if this compromise bill 
fails tomorrow, that means that 
attention turns to the Senate

100
00:06:15,766 --> 00:06:18,533
and a possible narrower solution 
for this child separation issue.

101
00:06:18,533 --> 00:06:21,233
I think, overall, Judy, 
in the past two days, 
it's been so wild.

102
00:06:21,233 --> 00:06:26,233
Today, the joke at the Capitol 
was it felt like and really 
was the longest day of the

103
00:06:26,700 --> 00:06:28,733
year.

104
00:06:28,733 --> 00:06:31,333
JUDY WOODRUFF: But it sounds 
like they're not close to 
pulling this off, to coming to

105
00:06:31,333 --> 00:06:32,333
an agreement.

106
00:06:32,333 --> 00:06:34,033
LISA DESJARDINS: Unclear.

107
00:06:34,033 --> 00:06:36,066
This compromise bill 
has a chance tomorrow, 
but it's still uphill.

108
00:06:36,066 --> 00:06:40,000
JUDY WOODRUFF: Very quickly, 
the jacket the first lady 
wore today got some attention.

109
00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:41,500
You talked about 
it had a message.

110
00:06:41,500 --> 00:06:45,433
Or it sad on the back, the 
style, "I don't care, do you?"

111
00:06:45,433 --> 00:06:48,800
The White House said no hidden 
message, but the president's 
been tweeting about it.

112
00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:50,800
LISA DESJARDINS: 
Well, apparently, it 
was an open message.

113
00:06:50,800 --> 00:06:54,166
The tweeted just a minute 
ago, that the jacket that that 
phrase, "I really don't dare, do

114
00:06:54,166 --> 00:06:55,166
you?"

115
00:06:55,166 --> 00:06:57,300
refers to the fake news media.

116
00:06:57,300 --> 00:07:02,133
He tweeted that Melania Trump 
is showing that she no longer 
cares about the media and what

117
00:07:02,733 --> 00:07:03,700
the media says.

118
00:07:03,700 --> 00:07:05,233
So, maybe not a hidden message.

119
00:07:05,233 --> 00:07:07,166
The president says it was 
a message about the media.

120
00:07:07,166 --> 00:07:08,366
JUDY WOODRUFF: Interesting.

121
00:07:08,366 --> 00:07:09,433
From different than what 
her office had said.

122
00:07:09,433 --> 00:07:11,400
LISA DESJARDINS: That's right.

123
00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:12,833
Yes, they did -- they said there 
was no message, essentially, 
there was no implication.

124
00:07:12,833 --> 00:07:14,633
JUDY WOODRUFF: Lisa 
Desjardins, thank you.

125
00:07:14,633 --> 00:07:16,700
LISA DESJARDINS: You're welcome.

126
00:07:16,700 --> 00:07:20,100
JUDY WOODRUFF: And we 
will have a conversation 
with an immigration 
judge near the border

127
00:07:20,100 --> 00:07:23,200
in Texas after the news summary.

128
00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:27,666
In the day's other news: 
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 
that states may legally force

129
00:07:27,666 --> 00:07:32,666
online shoppers to pay 
sales tax; the 5-to-4 
decision overturned two 
longstanding precedents

130
00:07:34,266 --> 00:07:38,600
that allowed online 
retailers not to collect 
sales tax in many cases.

131
00:07:38,600 --> 00:07:42,933
A number of states argued that, 
as a result, they have been 
losing billions of dollars

132
00:07:42,933 --> 00:07:45,000
in revenue each year.

133
00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:49,566
In Israel, the wife of Prime 
Minister Benjamin Netanyahu 
was charged with fraud today.

134
00:07:52,133 --> 00:07:55,333
Sara Netanyahu is accused 
of using some $100,000 in 
public funds to pay for 
meals from restaurants

135
00:07:57,933 --> 00:07:59,866
and celebrity chefs.

136
00:07:59,866 --> 00:08:03,033
Her lawyers call the 
charges -- quote -- 
"baseless and delusional."

137
00:08:03,033 --> 00:08:08,033
The prime minister 
also faces a series of 
corruption investigations.

138
00:08:09,933 --> 00:08:13,900
Turkey is headed toward a 
crucial election Sunday and the 
president today appealed for

139
00:08:13,900 --> 00:08:15,533
support.

140
00:08:15,533 --> 00:08:19,900
Recep Tayyip Erdogan 
wants a new term with 
greatly expanded powers.

141
00:08:21,933 --> 00:08:25,066
Early voting is already 
under way, but polls 
show the presidential 
and parliamentary races

142
00:08:25,666 --> 00:08:27,100
are tightening.

143
00:08:27,100 --> 00:08:30,866
Erdogan's opponents are 
warning against one-man rule.

144
00:08:30,866 --> 00:08:35,866
Back in this country, 
the Trump administration 
proposed merging the U.S. 
Departments of Education

145
00:08:36,466 --> 00:08:38,933
and Labor.

146
00:08:38,933 --> 00:08:42,166
Budget Director Mick 
Mulvaney spoke at today's 
Cabinet meeting, and 
laid out an extensive

147
00:08:42,166 --> 00:08:44,733
plan for reorganizing 
the government.

148
00:08:44,733 --> 00:08:49,133
He called for creating 
a single Department of 
Education and the Work Force.

149
00:08:49,133 --> 00:08:51,566
MICK MULVANEY, White House 
Budget Director: We think that 
makes tremendous sense, because

150
00:08:51,566 --> 00:08:52,700
what are they both doing?

151
00:08:52,700 --> 00:08:54,200
They're doing the same thing.

152
00:08:54,200 --> 00:08:56,000
They're trying to get people 
ready for the work force.

153
00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:57,200
Sometimes, it's education.

154
00:08:57,200 --> 00:08:59,300
Sometimes, it's 
vocational training.

155
00:08:59,300 --> 00:09:02,166
But they're all doing the 
same thing, so why not put 
them in the same place?

156
00:09:02,166 --> 00:09:07,166
JUDY WOODRUFF: The plan 
also would create a 
single food safety agency, 
among other changes.

157
00:09:08,566 --> 00:09:10,666
Many of them will first 
need congressional approval.

158
00:09:10,666 --> 00:09:15,633
The U.S. House of 
Representatives narrowly 
approved a new farm bill 
today that sets tougher

159
00:09:16,833 --> 00:09:18,633
work requirements for 
food stamp recipients.

160
00:09:18,633 --> 00:09:23,633
The larger bill renews 
a broad array of crop 
and nutrition programs.

161
00:09:25,533 --> 00:09:28,400
It now moves to the Senate, 
which favors a more modest 
measure without the tougher food

162
00:09:28,400 --> 00:09:30,766
stamp provisions.

163
00:09:30,766 --> 00:09:35,133
The CEO of technology company 
Intel has resigned over 
a consensual relationship 
with an employee.

164
00:09:37,733 --> 00:09:42,733
The company said that 
Brian Krzanich violated its 
non-fraternization policy.

165
00:09:43,500 --> 00:09:44,966
It gave no details.

166
00:09:44,966 --> 00:09:48,066
Krzanich joined Intel in 1982.

167
00:09:48,066 --> 00:09:51,700
He became CEO in 2013.

168
00:09:51,700 --> 00:09:54,600
Trade tensions again kept 
Wall Street on edge today.

169
00:09:54,600 --> 00:09:59,600
The Dow Jones industrial 
average lost 196 points 
to close at 24461.

170
00:10:01,566 --> 00:10:06,566
The Nasdaq fell 68 points, 
and the S&P 500 slipped 17.

171
00:10:07,766 --> 00:10:10,400
From New Zealand today, 
word of a happy arrival.

172
00:10:10,400 --> 00:10:13,900
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern 
gave birth to a baby girl.

173
00:10:13,900 --> 00:10:18,900
Later, she posted a picture 
with her seven-pound 
newborn alongside her 
partner, Clarke Gayford.

174
00:10:20,833 --> 00:10:25,500
The late Pakistani Prime 
Minister Benazir Bhutto was 
the only other world leader to

175
00:10:25,500 --> 00:10:28,400
give birth while in office.

176
00:10:28,400 --> 00:10:33,400
And on a sadder note, Koko, 
the famed gorilla who knew sign 
language, has died at a preserve

177
00:10:34,266 --> 00:10:36,333
in California.

178
00:10:36,333 --> 00:10:40,400
She was born at the San 
Francisco Zoo, and learned to 
sign as part of a project with

179
00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:42,533
Stanford University.

180
00:10:42,533 --> 00:10:47,066
Her capacity to communicate and 
show emotion gained renown, and 
was featured in documentaries.

181
00:10:48,833 --> 00:10:51,966
Koko the gorilla 
was 46 years old.

182
00:10:51,966 --> 00:10:56,933
Still to come on the 
"NewsHour": how the 
immigration debate is playing 
out in court; Navajos seek

183
00:10:58,833 --> 00:11:03,666
to draw new political 
lines by rewriting the 
election map; and much more.

184
00:11:15,700 --> 00:11:20,700
Now: one judge's take on the 
immigration debate and how the 
Trump administration's family

185
00:11:23,366 --> 00:11:26,866
separation policy has been 
playing out in his courtroom.

186
00:11:26,866 --> 00:11:31,500
Amna Nawaz sat down earlier 
today with Judge Robert Brack.

187
00:11:31,500 --> 00:11:35,133
He's a federal district judge 
based in Las Cruces, New Mexico.

188
00:11:35,133 --> 00:11:38,800
AMNA NAWAZ: The vast majority 
of the work you do here, of 
the cases you see in your

189
00:11:38,800 --> 00:11:40,900
courtroom deal with immigration.

190
00:11:40,900 --> 00:11:44,700
You have a front-row seat 
to how the changes in 
policy affect what you do.

191
00:11:44,700 --> 00:11:49,033
You said it looks like we're 
in the death throes of a system 
that's been on life support

192
00:11:49,033 --> 00:11:50,033
way too long.

193
00:11:50,033 --> 00:11:52,033
What did you mean by that?

194
00:11:52,033 --> 00:11:54,133
JUDGE ROBERT BRACK U.S. District 
Court of New Mexico: So, I 
think we all agree and have

195
00:11:54,133 --> 00:11:58,733
for many years that our 
immigration system is broken.

196
00:11:58,733 --> 00:12:03,700
And as heartbreaking as this 
crisis along the border was 
this last couple of weeks,

197
00:12:06,200 --> 00:12:10,566
a guy that shows up here every 
day and does this every day 
has to find hope somewhere.

198
00:12:10,566 --> 00:12:15,566
And I'm thinking, I'm hoping 
that maybe the moral outrage 
associated with what's happened

199
00:12:18,900 --> 00:12:23,900
will be the thing that 
finally -- the catalyst 
that finally makes us look 
hard at this immigration

200
00:12:25,066 --> 00:12:27,933
system that we all 
agree needs to be fixed.

201
00:12:27,933 --> 00:12:32,933
And if that's the case, then 
this was the last gasp, you 
know, of that system, and maybe

202
00:12:34,833 --> 00:12:38,466
we can replace it with something 
that makes sense, that's 
humane and compassionate, and

203
00:12:39,900 --> 00:12:44,200
still addresses our security 
needs and our labor needs.

204
00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:48,466
AMNA NAWAZ: Most federal 
judges, I think, don't speak 
out about these kinds of things,

205
00:12:48,466 --> 00:12:51,700
it's fair to say, but 
you have been writing 
letters over the years.

206
00:12:51,700 --> 00:12:54,000
You wrote one first in 
2010 to President Obama.

207
00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:56,966
You have written 
many since then.

208
00:12:56,966 --> 00:12:58,233
Why?

209
00:12:58,233 --> 00:13:00,400
Why are you talking 
about this right now?

210
00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:03,733
JUDGE ROBERT BRACK: I'm 
not comfortable doing 
it, and I never set 
out to be the spokesman

211
00:13:03,733 --> 00:13:07,533
for the federal 
judiciary on this issue.

212
00:13:07,533 --> 00:13:12,533
And the fact is, judges have a 
constitutional lane that they 
need to stay in, and I'm trying

213
00:13:13,266 --> 00:13:15,333
to be sensitive to that.

214
00:13:15,333 --> 00:13:19,433
I have been promised, we as 
a nation have been promised 
immigration reform ever since

215
00:13:20,300 --> 00:13:22,833
I have been here, 15 years.

216
00:13:22,833 --> 00:13:23,866
Fits and starts.

217
00:13:23,866 --> 00:13:25,800
Never has happened.

218
00:13:25,800 --> 00:13:30,233
In my view, I am just reporting 
back from the front lines 
about what I see and what

219
00:13:31,733 --> 00:13:35,033
I know and how I experience 
the immigration problem.

220
00:13:35,033 --> 00:13:40,033
And I'm hopeful that this 
information that I'm providing 
will inform a debate that will

221
00:13:40,933 --> 00:13:43,000
finally happen.

222
00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:46,100
AMNA NAWAZ: No other federal 
judge comes close to your 
sentencing record, right?

223
00:13:46,100 --> 00:13:51,100
Over the last five 
years, I was reading that 
basically you sentenced 
nearly 6,000 defendants

224
00:13:52,133 --> 00:13:54,733
for felony immigration 
violations.

225
00:13:54,733 --> 00:13:58,833
And your critics will 
say you are then sending 
them back to the same 
system they were fleeing,

226
00:13:59,900 --> 00:14:01,233
which is not necessarily 
compassionate.

227
00:14:01,233 --> 00:14:03,633
They say that that 
will be your legacy.

228
00:14:03,633 --> 00:14:04,900
What do you say to that?

229
00:14:04,900 --> 00:14:06,866
JUDGE ROBERT BRACK: 
Well, you know what?

230
00:14:06,866 --> 00:14:08,966
There's some truth in that.

231
00:14:08,966 --> 00:14:12,866
As a federal district judge, 
I'm the only one down here 
that can sentence the people

232
00:14:12,866 --> 00:14:14,933
that come before me.

233
00:14:14,933 --> 00:14:19,733
And I guess I could say, as 
some of my critics have recently 
said, if I'm conflicted in this

234
00:14:20,700 --> 00:14:22,733
way, I should quit.

235
00:14:22,733 --> 00:14:27,600
Well, maybe there's some 
credence to that thought, 
but here's the thing.

236
00:14:28,700 --> 00:14:31,333
If I'm not sitting 
here, somebody else is.

237
00:14:31,333 --> 00:14:33,066
And those people are 
going to be sentenced.

238
00:14:33,066 --> 00:14:36,533
This system is -- it's a monster 
that has to be fed every day.

239
00:14:36,533 --> 00:14:40,866
AMNA NAWAZ: There's been so 
much attention paid to the 
family separation policy.

240
00:14:40,866 --> 00:14:45,000
And there is also a 
lot of conversation now 
that the president has 
issued orders for that

241
00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:48,633
to end, that that crisis 
is now sort of behind us.

242
00:14:48,633 --> 00:14:51,533
Do you believe that it 
is, based on what you have 
seen in your courtroom?

243
00:14:51,533 --> 00:14:56,533
JUDGE ROBERT BRACK: So, 
I have seen an uptick 
in cases involving 
families separated at the

244
00:14:58,566 --> 00:15:02,200
border in the last 30 days.

245
00:15:02,200 --> 00:15:05,066
And I hope that I don't 
see those anymore.

246
00:15:05,066 --> 00:15:10,066
Obviously, there's an issue of 
how to reunite the 2,000 kids 
and their families, you know,

247
00:15:10,933 --> 00:15:14,033
their parents, in the meantime.

248
00:15:14,033 --> 00:15:16,100
Do I think that's going 
to be the end of it?

249
00:15:16,100 --> 00:15:20,733
I have seen -- as I said, we 
have had fits and starts with 
this immigration problem for

250
00:15:22,333 --> 00:15:23,866
a long time.

251
00:15:23,866 --> 00:15:26,066
And if it's not this, 
it's something else.

252
00:15:26,066 --> 00:15:31,066
The family separation 
I'm talking about -- and 
it is most heartbreaking 
-- is the folks that

253
00:15:34,833 --> 00:15:39,066
have been here for 
10 years or 20 years.

254
00:15:39,066 --> 00:15:40,633
We had one today 30 years.

255
00:15:40,633 --> 00:15:44,300
They have lived here, you 
know, most of their lives.

256
00:15:44,300 --> 00:15:46,400
No criminal history.

257
00:15:46,400 --> 00:15:50,300
They have felt so comfortable 
under the prior system, the 
prior non-criminal prosecution

258
00:15:52,133 --> 00:15:55,633
system, that they 
put down roots here.

259
00:15:55,633 --> 00:16:00,666
And they have American citizen 
children and they have American 
citizen wives in many cases.

260
00:16:02,033 --> 00:16:04,500
And I preside over a process 
that tears them apart.

261
00:16:04,500 --> 00:16:07,000
I'm a husband and a father.

262
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:11,066
And I'm saying to another 
husband and father 
just across the bench 
from me, you can't ever

263
00:16:12,066 --> 00:16:16,033
live with your family again.

264
00:16:16,033 --> 00:16:19,333
And I thought, what must it 
be like to hear those words?

265
00:16:19,333 --> 00:16:23,766
Because I can't imagine hearing 
-- have someone else tell those 
words -- say those words to

266
00:16:23,766 --> 00:16:25,100
me.

267
00:16:25,100 --> 00:16:30,100
And I just -- it's 
heartbreaking.

268
00:16:31,666 --> 00:16:35,800
And if it doesn't 
break your heart, then, 
well, you don't get it.

269
00:16:37,200 --> 00:16:39,566
AMNA NAWAZ: Judge Brack, thank 
you so much for your time.

270
00:16:39,566 --> 00:16:41,066
JUDGE ROBERT BRACK: My pleasure.

271
00:16:41,066 --> 00:16:45,266
JUDY WOODRUFF: Amna joins 
us now from near the border.

272
00:16:45,266 --> 00:16:48,700
Amna, that was such a powerful 
interview with the judge.

273
00:16:48,700 --> 00:16:51,066
You were in his 
courtroom this morning.

274
00:16:51,066 --> 00:16:53,600
You spent some time 
watching him work.

275
00:16:53,600 --> 00:16:55,566
Tell us about what you saw.

276
00:16:55,566 --> 00:16:59,866
AMNA NAWAZ: Yes, Judy, we 
spent about an hour-and-a-half 
with him earlier today.

277
00:16:59,866 --> 00:17:04,033
Just to give you a sense of how 
these things generally work, 
proceedings began at about

278
00:17:04,033 --> 00:17:05,033
8:45.

279
00:17:05,033 --> 00:17:07,100
They wrapped up by 10:20.

280
00:17:07,100 --> 00:17:11,233
In that time, 13 cases were 
heard by Judge Brack, all 
men, except for one woman.

281
00:17:13,066 --> 00:17:15,533
That, by the way, is 
considered a light day 
here in the district court.

282
00:17:15,533 --> 00:17:19,133
To give you a sense of what it 
looks like, all the defendants 
were there in colorful

283
00:17:19,133 --> 00:17:21,200
jumpsuits.

284
00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:23,466
Those are -- they have 
been issued in detention 
and in county jail, 
wherever they're being

285
00:17:23,466 --> 00:17:24,600
held.

286
00:17:24,600 --> 00:17:25,766
They're all handcuffed 
at the wrist.

287
00:17:25,766 --> 00:17:28,000
They're all shackled 
at the ankles.

288
00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:30,300
And what stood out to me really 
was what they had in common.

289
00:17:30,300 --> 00:17:35,000
None of the people presented 
before Judge Brack today had 
any kind of criminal history

290
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:39,733
prior to the criminal conviction 
that led them to Judge 
Brack's courtroom today, that

291
00:17:39,733 --> 00:17:41,666
being an 
immigration-related case.

292
00:17:41,666 --> 00:17:44,666
But, of course, it's the 
details in all of these stories 
that really stick out to you

293
00:17:44,666 --> 00:17:46,966
that separate these 
stories from one another.

294
00:17:46,966 --> 00:17:48,566
I will share some of 
those with you right now.

295
00:17:48,566 --> 00:17:50,000
We're not allowed to report 
inside the courtroom.

296
00:17:50,000 --> 00:17:51,500
I did take extensive notes.

297
00:17:51,500 --> 00:17:53,533
But there was a 19-year-old 
young man from Guatemala.

298
00:17:53,533 --> 00:17:57,500
He had tried twice to 
enter the United States, 
both times unsuccessfully.

299
00:17:57,500 --> 00:18:01,500
He was apprehended held 
for 35 days, is now being 
deported to Guatemala.

300
00:18:01,500 --> 00:18:03,500
There was a young 
mother from Honduras.

301
00:18:03,500 --> 00:18:07,866
She left behind four children 
with her sister there to 
come to the States and work.

302
00:18:07,866 --> 00:18:11,666
And she was doing so for the 
last six years in Atlanta 
before she was apprehended, is

303
00:18:11,666 --> 00:18:13,900
now being sent back to Honduras.

304
00:18:13,900 --> 00:18:18,733
And there was also, finally, 
Judy, a 27-year-old man from 
Mexico who came to the U.S. when

305
00:18:18,733 --> 00:18:20,800
he was just 7 years old.

306
00:18:20,800 --> 00:18:25,766
He lived here for 20 years, 
went to school here, started 
working here, earning for his

307
00:18:26,233 --> 00:18:28,333
family.

308
00:18:28,333 --> 00:18:31,533
He went back to get married and 
then illegally with his wife, 
who is now four months pregnant.

309
00:18:31,533 --> 00:18:36,200
They are both now being 
prosecuted and will be 
deported back to Mexico.

310
00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:38,933
Judge Brack today said he is 
trying to do everything he 
can to make sure they're at

311
00:18:38,933 --> 00:18:40,966
least going to be both 
deported together -- Judy.

312
00:18:40,966 --> 00:18:42,666
JUDY WOODRUFF: Wow.

313
00:18:42,666 --> 00:18:45,300
One can understand how 
he's developed some 
strong views on this.

314
00:18:45,300 --> 00:18:50,266
So, Amna, we heard him refer 
to the fact that there's this 
unanswered question about how

315
00:18:50,266 --> 00:18:54,233
these children who have been 
separated from their parents 
are going to be pulled back

316
00:18:54,233 --> 00:18:56,333
together.

317
00:18:56,333 --> 00:18:59,333
And I should say, as I ask you 
this, we just have learned in 
the last hour or so that the

318
00:18:59,333 --> 00:19:04,333
attorney general, Jeff Sessions, 
said in an interview today 
that it wasn't the intention

319
00:19:06,300 --> 00:19:10,800
of the Trump administration 
to separate families, to 
separate out the children.

320
00:19:12,733 --> 00:19:15,233
But what do we know at 
this point about how that 
process is going to happen?

321
00:19:15,233 --> 00:19:19,500
AMNA NAWAZ: Well, it may not 
have been the intention, but 
I guess anyone who is familiar

322
00:19:19,500 --> 00:19:23,033
with the law would tell you 
that that was sort of an 
inevitable consequence, that any

323
00:19:23,033 --> 00:19:26,633
parent or guardian who is being 
prosecuted would inevitably 
have the children they are

324
00:19:26,633 --> 00:19:28,566
caring for separated from them.

325
00:19:28,566 --> 00:19:32,166
I will share with you one 
story that came up in the final 
minutes of the docket here

326
00:19:32,166 --> 00:19:33,166
in Judge Brack's courtroom.

327
00:19:33,166 --> 00:19:34,300
It was a man named Federico.

328
00:19:34,300 --> 00:19:35,633
He's from Guatemala.

329
00:19:35,633 --> 00:19:37,366
He's 51 years old.

330
00:19:37,366 --> 00:19:39,366
He and his son came together.

331
00:19:39,366 --> 00:19:43,200
And when they were 
apprehended, his son was 
forcibly taken from him.

332
00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:45,833
He's been held for 38 days 
in government custody.

333
00:19:45,833 --> 00:19:47,333
The father has.

334
00:19:47,333 --> 00:19:48,833
And I had a chance to speak 
with his public defender.

335
00:19:48,833 --> 00:19:53,300
In all of that time, he has not 
had contact with his son once.

336
00:19:53,300 --> 00:19:55,633
Most of the time, he didn't 
even know where his son was.

337
00:19:55,633 --> 00:20:00,633
The lawyer was able to show me 
60 pages -- that is 6-0 pages 
-- of e-mails in which she and

338
00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:05,000
other people on her staff, other 
immigration lawyers they're 
working with, have been trying

339
00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:08,100
to navigate the government 
system to figure out 
where the son is.

340
00:20:08,100 --> 00:20:12,100
Can they set up at least a 
phone call at the very least 
between the son and the father?

341
00:20:12,100 --> 00:20:16,233
So, I called around to some 
public defenders who tried to 
figure out, is this normal, is

342
00:20:16,233 --> 00:20:18,233
this kind of thing 
happening a lot?

343
00:20:18,233 --> 00:20:22,166
I asked one public defender 
in another region along the 
border, what's your success rate

344
00:20:22,166 --> 00:20:24,766
of reunification with parents 
and kids who are separate?

345
00:20:24,766 --> 00:20:27,233
And I was told that is 
right now zero percent.

346
00:20:27,233 --> 00:20:31,400
Another one said to me that 
this happens all the time, 
because here's the thing, Judy.

347
00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:36,400
There are still 2,300 children 
in government custody who were 
forcibly separated from their

348
00:20:36,900 --> 00:20:38,166
parents.

349
00:20:38,166 --> 00:20:40,233
And the children are now 
in a separate system.

350
00:20:40,233 --> 00:20:43,800
The parents are being moved 
through the criminal system at 
such a pace that they are being

351
00:20:43,800 --> 00:20:48,766
prosecuted and deported 
oftentimes before they have had 
any chance to make contact with

352
00:20:50,866 --> 00:20:52,866
their kids, and they don't 
know when or if they will 
be able to again -- Judy.

353
00:20:52,866 --> 00:20:57,266
JUDY WOODRUFF: Amna Nawaz 
reporting from close to the 
border, every one a human story.

354
00:20:57,266 --> 00:21:00,000
Thank you, Amna.

355
00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:04,200
The forcible separation 
of children from their 
parents at the U.S. 
southern border has focused

356
00:21:04,200 --> 00:21:08,566
attention on the conditions 
of the detention of 
all young immigrants.

357
00:21:08,566 --> 00:21:13,566
And now John Yang reports 
that there are troubling 
allegations about one 
facility housing immigrant

358
00:21:14,300 --> 00:21:16,366
teens in Virginia.

359
00:21:16,366 --> 00:21:20,033
JOHN YANG: Judy, today Virginia 
Governor Ralph Northam launched 
an investigation into claims

360
00:21:22,133 --> 00:21:25,300
of severe physical abuse 
of immigrant teenagers 
at a juvenile detention 
facility near Staunton,

361
00:21:26,866 --> 00:21:29,000
Virginia.

362
00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:32,466
Northam acted just hours after 
the Associated Press reported 
the claims made by immigrants

363
00:21:32,466 --> 00:21:35,333
sent to the facility 
by U.S. authorities.

364
00:21:35,333 --> 00:21:40,333
One of the reporters who broke 
the story joins us now, Michael 
Biesecker, an AP investigative

365
00:21:40,933 --> 00:21:42,166
reporter.

366
00:21:42,166 --> 00:21:43,700
Michael, thank you very 
much for joining us.

367
00:21:43,700 --> 00:21:45,766
MICHAEL BIESECKER, Associated 
Press: Good to be with you.

368
00:21:45,766 --> 00:21:47,433
JOHN YANG: First of all, tell 
us who these young people 
are in this facility and how

369
00:21:47,433 --> 00:21:49,533
they got there.

370
00:21:49,533 --> 00:21:53,500
MICHAEL BIESECKER: Well, the six 
sworn statements that were filed 
as part of this lawsuit were

371
00:21:55,566 --> 00:21:58,700
from mostly kids from Central 
America and Mexico who crossed 
the border as unaccompanied

372
00:22:00,800 --> 00:22:04,300
minors and then were picked 
up by immigration authorities 
and put into the system under

373
00:22:04,300 --> 00:22:09,300
the Department of Health 
and Human Services' Office 
of Refugee Resettlement, 
which essentially

374
00:22:11,300 --> 00:22:14,766
puts these kids in shelters, 
in facilities that will house 
them while their immigration

375
00:22:16,733 --> 00:22:20,566
cases, often, you know, seeking 
refugee status, wind their way 
through immigration courts,

376
00:22:21,400 --> 00:22:23,400
which can take years.

377
00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:26,666
JOHN YANG: And so these are 
similar to the children who 
have been forcibly removed from

378
00:22:26,666 --> 00:22:30,533
their parents along the 
border in the last few 
weeks, but not the same.

379
00:22:30,533 --> 00:22:35,533
MICHAEL BIESECKER: This lawsuit 
was filed before the zero 
tolerance policy was announced

380
00:22:36,866 --> 00:22:39,900
in April separating parents 
from their children.

381
00:22:39,900 --> 00:22:44,033
However, once those children 
are in the system now, they 
are classified as unaccompanied

382
00:22:44,033 --> 00:22:48,700
minors, and could end up at 
some of these same facilities, 
which is why we were looking

383
00:22:48,700 --> 00:22:50,733
at them.

384
00:22:50,733 --> 00:22:52,833
JOHN YANG: And these young 
people were suspected 
of being gang members?

385
00:22:52,833 --> 00:22:57,700
MICHAEL BIESECKER: Well, in 
many cases, they have mental 
issues that can cause them to

386
00:23:00,200 --> 00:23:05,133
act out, have behavioral 
problems that may have made it 
difficult for them to acclimate

387
00:23:06,433 --> 00:23:10,200
to being in less 
secure facilities.

388
00:23:10,200 --> 00:23:15,200
So, what a program manager from 
this facility in Shenandoah 
Valley, Virginia, testified

389
00:23:17,833 --> 00:23:22,000
to before Congress back in 
April was that many of the 
kids that are labeled as being

390
00:23:22,000 --> 00:23:27,000
gang members, potentially 
violent criminals, they get them 
to the facility, they screen

391
00:23:28,966 --> 00:23:31,666
them, and they find out that 
they may not be gang members, 
they may not have created

392
00:23:31,666 --> 00:23:33,633
crimes.

393
00:23:33,633 --> 00:23:37,033
They may just be young people 
who have some behavioral 
issues that need to be treated.

394
00:23:37,033 --> 00:23:40,766
JOHN YANG: And what were 
the allegations that they 
made about their treatment?

395
00:23:40,766 --> 00:23:45,766
MICHAEL BIESECKER: They're 
pretty severe and consistent 
between the six statements.

396
00:23:47,666 --> 00:23:51,033
Several of the children said 
that they were strapped to 
what was called a safety chair,

397
00:23:51,033 --> 00:23:55,766
essentially a restraint chair 
with wheels, that a white bag 
was placed over their head,

398
00:23:55,766 --> 00:24:00,733
and that they were left in 
there for sometimes days.

399
00:24:02,700 --> 00:24:06,000
Other teens and children, they 
ranged in age from 14 to 17, 
said that they -- their clothes

400
00:24:08,033 --> 00:24:12,800
were taken away, and they were 
confined for days on end to 
their cells, steel beds, told

401
00:24:16,033 --> 00:24:21,033
that a window where people 
could see in 24 hours a day, 
and without their clothes in

402
00:24:21,766 --> 00:24:22,566
the Virginia mountains.

403
00:24:22,566 --> 00:24:24,233
And it was drafty.

404
00:24:24,233 --> 00:24:27,733
JOHN YANG: And these 
come in a lawsuit that's 
been filed against them.

405
00:24:27,733 --> 00:24:31,133
But you have got corroborating 
evidence, someone else to 
tell you the same thing?

406
00:24:31,133 --> 00:24:34,933
MICHAEL BIESECKER: We were able 
to speak to someone in that 
facility who had been in that

407
00:24:34,933 --> 00:24:37,533
facility who had met face 
to face with these kids.

408
00:24:37,533 --> 00:24:42,533
And that person reported seeing 
bruises and in one case broken 
bones, that, when she asked

409
00:24:44,100 --> 00:24:47,833
what happened, she was told that 
the guards had assaulted them.

410
00:24:47,833 --> 00:24:52,400
And consistently, between the 
statements, the children said 
that they would be struck

411
00:24:52,400 --> 00:24:54,966
while they were in restraints, 
handcuffs and shackles.

412
00:24:54,966 --> 00:24:57,500
JOHN YANG: And what's been the 
response from the facility?

413
00:24:57,500 --> 00:24:59,466
MICHAEL BIESECKER: 
There's not been any.

414
00:24:59,466 --> 00:25:02,300
In court documents, they 
deny all the allegations.

415
00:25:02,300 --> 00:25:07,300
However, we have been unable 
to get any response from 
them over the last two days.

416
00:25:09,200 --> 00:25:11,433
Also, the Department of Health 
and Human Services has yet 
to respond to our story.

417
00:25:11,433 --> 00:25:13,700
And we reached out to them 
in advance of publication.

418
00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:17,533
JOHN YANG: And, as you 
say, this goes back to 
the Obama administration.

419
00:25:17,533 --> 00:25:22,433
And you did speak to 
officials who served at that 
time in the administration.

420
00:25:22,433 --> 00:25:27,133
MICHAEL BIESECKER: We talked to 
a top official who oversaw the 
refugee resettlement program

421
00:25:27,133 --> 00:25:28,766
under President Obama.

422
00:25:28,766 --> 00:25:33,266
And these allegations 
range from 2015 to 2018, 
so a span of years.

423
00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:38,400
That official said he was 
unaware of any complaints 
about abuse at Shenandoah 
Valley, though he

424
00:25:41,133 --> 00:25:43,800
did say that he heard 
about them after leaving.

425
00:25:43,800 --> 00:25:47,200
Had he heard about them while 
he was still in charge, he 
said he would have investigated

426
00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:52,200
them, and potentially 
terminated the contract, 
the federal contract, 
that pays approximately

427
00:25:54,100 --> 00:25:56,400
more than $4 million a 
year to house kids there, 
about 30 at a time.

428
00:25:56,400 --> 00:25:59,000
JOHN YANG: And there 
has been congressional 
testimony about this?

429
00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:03,166
MICHAEL BIESECKER: There 
has been congressional 
testimony from someone who 
worked at the facility.

430
00:26:03,166 --> 00:26:08,166
And she said that, in some 
cases, the children there have 
behavioral problems that can be

431
00:26:10,066 --> 00:26:13,733
difficult to treat in what 
we could call a correctional 
setting, a prison-like facility,

432
00:26:15,700 --> 00:26:19,166
and that they would 
be better served in 
residential psychiatric 
treatment facilities.

433
00:26:19,166 --> 00:26:24,166
However, those facilities are 
often hesitant to take a child 
with a history of behavioral

434
00:26:25,233 --> 00:26:27,266
problems or the 
potential for violence.

435
00:26:27,266 --> 00:26:30,100
JOHN YANG: You call this a 
prison-like facility, but these 
children have not been convicted

436
00:26:30,100 --> 00:26:31,333
of any crimes.

437
00:26:31,333 --> 00:26:33,400
MICHAEL BIESECKER: 
That's correct.

438
00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:37,100
They're housed in the 
same facility with local 
juvenile delinquents 
that have been either

439
00:26:38,300 --> 00:26:41,333
charged or adjudicated 
with serious crimes.

440
00:26:41,333 --> 00:26:46,333
However, they were largely 
segregated from those mostly 
white inmates, juvenile inmates.

441
00:26:48,366 --> 00:26:53,000
And the Latino kids said that 
their facility was much more 
stark, they didn't have access

442
00:26:55,033 --> 00:26:57,933
to cushy chairs, they didn't 
have as good of food, they 
didn't have access to video

443
00:26:57,933 --> 00:27:02,366
game consoles, and some of 
the perks that were afforded 
to the mostly white detainees

444
00:27:02,366 --> 00:27:04,233
they said they were deprived of.

445
00:27:04,233 --> 00:27:08,800
JOHN YANG: Michael 
Biesecker at the Associated 
Press, thanks so much.

446
00:27:10,233 --> 00:27:14,933
MICHAEL BIESECKER: Thank you.

447
00:27:14,933 --> 00:27:19,933
JUDY WOODRUFF: Now: How voting 
district maps are drawn can 
help determine which political

448
00:27:22,433 --> 00:27:24,466
party controls power.

449
00:27:24,466 --> 00:27:28,833
The U.S. Supreme Court narrowly 
ruled in two cases this term, 
keeping in place boundaries

450
00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:31,766
in Maryland and Wisconsin.

451
00:27:31,766 --> 00:27:36,733
A fight is still raging in 
one Utah county over current 
district lines and their effect

452
00:27:37,900 --> 00:27:39,900
on the voice of 
Native Americans.

453
00:27:39,900 --> 00:27:44,600
From the University of Southern 
California's Annenberg Rural 
Reporting Initiative, Tommy

454
00:27:44,600 --> 00:27:47,166
Brooksbank has the story.

455
00:27:47,166 --> 00:27:51,266
TOMMY BROOKSBANK: San 
Juan County is the largest 
county in Utah, about 
the size of New Jersey.

456
00:27:53,133 --> 00:27:56,366
It stretches from the 
predominantly white Mormon towns 
of Monticello and Blanding in

457
00:27:56,366 --> 00:28:01,266
the north, to the vast Navajo 
Reservation in the south.

458
00:28:01,266 --> 00:28:03,700
It is also the poorest 
county in the state.

459
00:28:03,700 --> 00:28:07,766
REBECCA BENALLY, Commissioner, 
San Juan County: On the Navajo 
Reservation, the unemployment

460
00:28:07,766 --> 00:28:09,700
rate is around 72 percent.

461
00:28:09,700 --> 00:28:13,900
TOMMY BROOKSBANK: Rebecca 
Benally's county district 
includes the Navajo Reservation.

462
00:28:13,900 --> 00:28:18,900
She is currently the only 
Native American serving as one 
of three county commissioners,

463
00:28:18,900 --> 00:28:22,433
even though the Navajo 
are a majority of 
the total population.

464
00:28:22,433 --> 00:28:27,433
But that could change when 
residents go to the polls for 
a special election in November.

465
00:28:29,933 --> 00:28:32,800
Late last year, a federal 
judge ruled that the 
county voting districts 
had been gerrymandered,

466
00:28:32,800 --> 00:28:37,800
in violation of the 
Constitution, by lumping 
the Navajo into a 
single voting district.

467
00:28:39,800 --> 00:28:43,233
The ruling was a huge victory 
for the Navajo Nation and for 
Wilfred Jones, a plaintiff

468
00:28:43,866 --> 00:28:45,800
in the lawsuit.

469
00:28:45,800 --> 00:28:49,866
WILFRED JONES, Plaintiff: 
There were some tears that 
were shed at that moment for my

470
00:28:50,933 --> 00:28:53,466
family on my side.

471
00:28:53,466 --> 00:28:57,133
TOMMY BROOKSBANK: Jones 
decided to sue because, 
he argued, Navajo 
residing within the county

472
00:28:57,133 --> 00:29:01,900
district that includes 
the reservation had been 
denied critical services.

473
00:29:01,900 --> 00:29:06,900
His own sister died because 
there was no ambulance 
available like this one 
in the north to take

474
00:29:07,766 --> 00:29:09,766
her to a county hospital.

475
00:29:09,766 --> 00:29:13,400
WILFRED JONES: And she had a 
heart attack and they couldn't 
get there until about an

476
00:29:14,366 --> 00:29:16,333
hour later, which was too late.

477
00:29:16,333 --> 00:29:19,900
TOMMY BROOKSBANK: The old county 
commission map placed most 
of the Navajo population in

478
00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:24,866
the 3rd District, which 
guaranteed that the 
other two districts 
would have the final say

479
00:29:24,866 --> 00:29:26,866
on county issues.

480
00:29:26,866 --> 00:29:31,400
The new map, drawn up by a 
court-appointed expert and put 
into effect in December, spreads

481
00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:33,900
that population around.

482
00:29:33,900 --> 00:29:38,366
Reaction to the court's decision 
in the northern part of the 
county was swift and angry.

483
00:29:38,366 --> 00:29:42,700
Kelly Laws is the Republican 
candidate for county 
commissioner in District 2.

484
00:29:42,700 --> 00:29:47,133
That is the district that 
could potentially swing the 
three-member council majority to

485
00:29:47,133 --> 00:29:48,866
the Navajo.

486
00:29:48,866 --> 00:29:51,333
He is furious the new 
district lines trisect 
the town of Blanding.

487
00:29:51,333 --> 00:29:54,433
KELLY LAWS, Candidate for County 
Commissioner: This is a perfect 
case of gerrymandering at

488
00:29:54,433 --> 00:29:56,433
its very best.

489
00:29:56,433 --> 00:30:01,333
And the part that's interesting 
is, how many other counties 
in the nation have had this

490
00:30:01,933 --> 00:30:04,400
done to them?

491
00:30:04,400 --> 00:30:06,500
TOMMY BROOKSBANK: But the 
argument that gerrymandering 
has been replaced with 
more gerrymandering

492
00:30:06,500 --> 00:30:10,900
has been rejected by the 10th 
Circuit Court of Appeals, 
which denied the county's most

493
00:30:10,900 --> 00:30:12,800
recent appeal.

494
00:30:12,800 --> 00:30:17,166
The court says the new district 
boundaries fairly reflect 
the overall population.

495
00:30:17,166 --> 00:30:21,600
New voting lines aside, 
the two parts of the county 
are still worlds apart.

496
00:30:21,600 --> 00:30:26,600
On the Navajo Reservation, some 
people live without electricity 
or running water and school

497
00:30:28,000 --> 00:30:30,866
buses must travel over miles 
and miles of dirt roads.

498
00:30:30,866 --> 00:30:35,033
In the northern part of the 
county, there are two big 
libraries, a community center

499
00:30:35,033 --> 00:30:37,966
on a golf course, 
and two hospitals.

500
00:30:37,966 --> 00:30:42,900
Navajo residents are hopeful 
that the redistricting, 
which affects both the 
county commission and

501
00:30:42,900 --> 00:30:46,766
the school board, might bring 
more resources their way.

502
00:30:46,766 --> 00:30:49,166
Curtis Yanito is a candidate 
for the school board.

503
00:30:49,166 --> 00:30:54,133
He lives on the south side of 
the San Juan River, which he 
sees as just one more barrier

504
00:30:55,533 --> 00:30:57,566
to connecting with the 
northern part of the county.

505
00:30:57,566 --> 00:31:00,700
He hopes the new district 
lines will mean more resources 
for reservation children.

506
00:31:00,700 --> 00:31:04,066
CURTIS YANITO, School Board 
Candidate: I know that there's 
funds out there, but it just

507
00:31:04,066 --> 00:31:06,766
stops right there, 
where the border's at.

508
00:31:06,766 --> 00:31:08,800
It doesn't come this way.

509
00:31:08,800 --> 00:31:12,800
And all these funds that I 
have seen that happened in the 
past, it's just been out on

510
00:31:12,800 --> 00:31:15,366
that side.

511
00:31:15,366 --> 00:31:18,300
TOMMY BROOKSBANK: The 
debate over redistricting 
is playing out against 
a long history of anger

512
00:31:18,300 --> 00:31:22,633
by white conservatives 
here over what they see 
as federal overreach.

513
00:31:22,633 --> 00:31:27,633
In 2014, it was a face-off with 
the Bureau of Land Management 
over ATV use in recaptured

514
00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:31,066
canyon.

515
00:31:31,066 --> 00:31:34,000
And more than a decade ago, 
federal agents swarmed into 
Blanding and arrested a number

516
00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:38,200
of citizens for illegal trade 
in Native American artifacts.

517
00:31:38,200 --> 00:31:42,733
One of those arrested was 
a local physician, who 
later committed suicide.

518
00:31:42,733 --> 00:31:45,733
Librarian Nicole Perkins 
still gets emotional about it.

519
00:31:45,733 --> 00:31:50,700
NICOLE PERKINS, Librarian: 
The raids, when they came and 
raided Dr. Redd and his family

520
00:31:53,900 --> 00:31:58,866
and the other people here, 
you saw all the local people 
-- a lot of people said, well

521
00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:04,900
- - they came in with guns 
and vehicles and just like 
we were ISIS or something.

522
00:32:07,466 --> 00:32:10,600
TOMMY BROOKSBANK: Today, 
that anger over federal 
intrusion continues, with 
county leaders planning

523
00:32:12,266 --> 00:32:15,933
to appeal to the federal 
court yet again over the 
new district boundaries.

524
00:32:15,933 --> 00:32:20,766
If they lose that appeal, 
the battle for political 
control of the county 
comes down to the race

525
00:32:20,766 --> 00:32:23,700
for commissioner in District 2.

526
00:32:23,700 --> 00:32:28,233
Wilfred Jones is optimistic 
that a Navajo candidate will 
qualify for the ballot and

527
00:32:28,233 --> 00:32:29,466
win that seat.

528
00:32:29,466 --> 00:32:30,966
WILFRED JONES: We're in 
the 21st century here.

529
00:32:30,966 --> 00:32:34,066
We should be able to vote as we 
please and voice our opinion.

530
00:32:34,066 --> 00:32:38,200
TOMMY BROOKSBANK: If the Navajo 
win two of the three seats 
on the county commission,

531
00:32:38,200 --> 00:32:43,200
it would overturn more 
than a century of political 
domination by white residents.

532
00:32:45,233 --> 00:32:48,266
For Jones, who was born before 
Native Americans had the right 
to vote in Utah, it would be

533
00:32:49,466 --> 00:32:51,633
a personal, as well 
as historic, victory.

534
00:32:51,633 --> 00:32:56,600
For the "PBS NewsHour," 
I'm Tommy Brooksbank in 
San Juan County, Utah.

535
00:33:00,400 --> 00:33:05,333
JUDY WOODRUFF: Now: the plans 
to revitalize the newspaper 
of note for the United States'

536
00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:16,033
second largest city, 
The Los Angeles Times.

537
00:33:16,033 --> 00:33:21,033
Patrick Soon-Shiong 
is a multibillionaire 
surgeon, entrepreneur 
and part owner of the

538
00:33:21,633 --> 00:33:23,600
L.A. Lakers.

539
00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:26,900
He has spent half-a-billion 
dollars to buy the paper, 
which has faced big setbacks in

540
00:33:26,900 --> 00:33:29,000
recent years.

541
00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:32,666
As critical as it has been 
to the city of Los Angeles, 
the L.A. Times has struggled

542
00:33:32,666 --> 00:33:37,666
with huge financial losses, 
two-thirds laid off over time, 
three top editors replaced

543
00:33:38,700 --> 00:33:40,200
in 18 months.

544
00:33:40,200 --> 00:33:42,300
And there've been 
multiple publishers.

545
00:33:42,300 --> 00:33:47,300
Soon-Shiong is also an immigrant 
born to parents who had fled 
China during the occupation by

546
00:33:48,166 --> 00:33:50,400
Japan during World War II.

547
00:33:50,400 --> 00:33:53,333
And he joins me now 
from Los Angeles.

548
00:33:53,333 --> 00:33:56,233
Patrick Soon-Shiong, 
congratulations.

549
00:33:56,233 --> 00:34:01,200
And you're investing in a 
newspaper at a time when few and 
fewer people are reading them.

550
00:34:01,666 --> 00:34:03,766
Why?

551
00:34:03,766 --> 00:34:05,633
PATRICK SOON-SHIONG, Owner, The 
Los Angeles Times: Well, I think 
it's important for democracy.

552
00:34:05,633 --> 00:34:07,733
It's so important for education.

553
00:34:07,733 --> 00:34:10,200
It's so important 
for this country.

554
00:34:10,200 --> 00:34:13,533
And it's an institution that 
I think we need to protect.

555
00:34:13,533 --> 00:34:18,533
And, to me, I grew up in 
apartheid, South Africa, and the 
only thing that was my respite

556
00:34:21,333 --> 00:34:23,366
was the newspaper, frankly.

557
00:34:23,366 --> 00:34:27,733
JUDY WOODRUFF: And, you know, 
you and I had a little bit 
of a conversation about this

558
00:34:27,733 --> 00:34:30,333
not long ago when we talked.

559
00:34:30,333 --> 00:34:35,333
What is it about journalism 
today that you think 
you can make thrive?

560
00:34:37,366 --> 00:34:40,433
Because we look across 
the country, newspapers 
are struggling, people 
are moving to digital.

561
00:34:41,166 --> 00:34:43,233
What is your dream here?

562
00:34:43,233 --> 00:34:47,833
PATRICK SOON-SHIONG: Well, 
the first thing is, there's a 
fundamental need of this issue

563
00:34:47,833 --> 00:34:50,366
of truthful news, right?

564
00:34:50,366 --> 00:34:55,366
And I think that truly the -- 
and, as I said in my letter, 
I think fake news is a cancer

565
00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:57,833
of our times.

566
00:34:57,833 --> 00:35:02,166
And, frankly, the 
social media allows this 
proliferation and metastasis.

567
00:35:04,133 --> 00:35:07,733
I think the place where we need 
to find truthful information 
and journalistic integrity is

568
00:35:08,933 --> 00:35:11,033
in the newspapers.

569
00:35:11,033 --> 00:35:15,300
But I think we also recognize 
that we have this problem of 
where technology has now taken

570
00:35:17,300 --> 00:35:20,933
over, where people want 
news where they want 
to read it, where they 
can read it, whenever,

571
00:35:20,933 --> 00:35:24,366
wherever they may be, and 
the digital mobile platform.

572
00:35:24,366 --> 00:35:27,433
I still am of the old school.

573
00:35:27,433 --> 00:35:32,433
I still, as I said, love the 
tactile feel of a physical 
print and what I call leisurely

574
00:35:33,966 --> 00:35:36,000
reading.

575
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:39,966
But we need to adapt and adopt 
very quickly in real time 
into this whole new world of

576
00:35:41,533 --> 00:35:43,433
digital age.

577
00:35:43,433 --> 00:35:47,533
So, today, I think 
journalists need to have 
cross-technology skill sets.

578
00:35:48,266 --> 00:35:49,766
They need to podcast.

579
00:35:49,766 --> 00:35:54,266
They need to do what I'm doing 
here, TV interviews, and print.

580
00:35:55,933 --> 00:36:00,166
And it's a very different 
life for the journalists.

581
00:36:00,166 --> 00:36:05,100
But without journalists giving 
us good, real investigative 
reporting, I think we will have

582
00:36:08,633 --> 00:36:11,200
lost a lot in terms 
of these institutions.

583
00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:15,133
JUDY WOODRUFF: Do you think you 
can do this and be profitable?

584
00:36:15,133 --> 00:36:16,366
After all, it's a business.

585
00:36:16,366 --> 00:36:18,133
PATRICK SOON-SHIONG: 
No, it is a business.

586
00:36:18,133 --> 00:36:21,100
And I have said this is not 
a philanthropic exercise.

587
00:36:21,100 --> 00:36:23,833
This is not an 
exercise of vanity.

588
00:36:23,833 --> 00:36:28,833
This is an exercise where 
this business has to now 
as an institution survive.

589
00:36:30,800 --> 00:36:35,233
The New York Times and The 
Washington Post have shown, 
in fact, if they create great,

590
00:36:36,700 --> 00:36:39,533
important stories with great 
journalists, they can adopt.

591
00:36:39,533 --> 00:36:40,533
And we must.

592
00:36:40,533 --> 00:36:44,233
And the answer is, I'm hopeful.

593
00:36:44,233 --> 00:36:47,700
We are not concerned or 
scared of technology.

594
00:36:47,700 --> 00:36:52,700
Part of my work in cancer doing 
genomic sequencing and cloud 
computing and machine vision and

595
00:36:54,700 --> 00:36:58,566
artificial intelligence, I 
think we can bring all this to 
bear and still create a model

596
00:36:59,166 --> 00:37:01,800
that thrives.

597
00:37:01,800 --> 00:37:04,466
JUDY WOODRUFF: And you're 
working with a newsroom 
that has been -- that 
has lost, as we said,

598
00:37:04,466 --> 00:37:09,466
a large percentage of its 
staff, of its reporters.

599
00:37:11,466 --> 00:37:14,400
You're dealing with a place 
that's been traumatized, 
virtually, in recent years.

600
00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:16,500
What's it going to take 
to turn that around?

601
00:37:16,500 --> 00:37:20,933
PATRICK SOON-SHIONG: I speak to 
my newsroom and I say this is 
like a battered child syndrome,

602
00:37:20,933 --> 00:37:21,933
right?

603
00:37:21,933 --> 00:37:22,933
I completely get that.

604
00:37:22,933 --> 00:37:24,933
They have been traumatized.

605
00:37:24,933 --> 00:37:29,266
So, the first thing we did was, 
yesterday, we announced Norm 
Pearlstine as the executive

606
00:37:29,800 --> 00:37:31,900
editor.

607
00:37:31,900 --> 00:37:35,800
The day next, we -- Kris 
Viesselman has come in as 
the transformation editor.

608
00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:41,566
I think the idea is to actually 
strengthen the newsroom.

609
00:37:41,566 --> 00:37:44,566
The journalists 
are our lifeblood.

610
00:37:44,566 --> 00:37:47,100
So, this is the first time 
that we will have stability.

611
00:37:47,100 --> 00:37:49,833
This is not a one-year 
program, 10-year program.

612
00:37:49,833 --> 00:37:54,833
I see this as a lifelong 
program for us to 
really create stability.

613
00:37:56,800 --> 00:38:00,433
So, I think, if we actually 
are able to attract best talent 
-- and California is a unique

614
00:38:03,633 --> 00:38:06,466
ecosystem to itself -- we 
will be able to do fine.

615
00:38:06,466 --> 00:38:10,700
JUDY WOODRUFF: You do come to 
this, Patrick Soon-Shiong, as 
someone who didn't come out

616
00:38:10,700 --> 00:38:12,733
of journalism.

617
00:38:12,733 --> 00:38:15,466
And you said yourself your 
investments have been in 
-- you're a physician.

618
00:38:15,466 --> 00:38:19,500
Your investments have been in 
health care, in pharmaceuticals.

619
00:38:19,500 --> 00:38:23,600
The L.A. Times itself has 
written a story about you 
earlier this year, controversies

620
00:38:23,600 --> 00:38:26,166
in your business career.

621
00:38:26,166 --> 00:38:31,166
Were they accurate in those 
stories, and do you think your 
background is a fit for this?

622
00:38:33,166 --> 00:38:36,166
PATRICK SOON-SHIONG: Well, first 
of all, that's one of the first 
things I told The L.A. Times

623
00:38:36,766 --> 00:38:39,266
newsroom.

624
00:38:39,266 --> 00:38:41,800
They should feel to write 
anything and everything 
about me, completely 
independent of me as

625
00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:44,566
the owner, as long as 
it is fair and truthful.

626
00:38:44,566 --> 00:38:47,700
I think that should be 
the standard for anybody.

627
00:38:47,700 --> 00:38:52,700
Fairness, honesty and 
truthfulness is all any 
person could ask for.

628
00:38:54,766 --> 00:38:58,833
But with regard to 
my background, I look 
upon journalists very 
much like scientists.

629
00:38:58,833 --> 00:38:59,833
They love discovery.

630
00:38:59,833 --> 00:39:01,133
We love discovery.

631
00:39:01,133 --> 00:39:02,566
We love the truth.

632
00:39:02,566 --> 00:39:05,366
We want to find the 
basis of the truth.

633
00:39:05,366 --> 00:39:07,966
And we love publishing.

634
00:39:07,966 --> 00:39:12,333
So, while my background 
has been in discovery, 
working with scientists 
and physician scientists,

635
00:39:13,233 --> 00:39:16,733
I look upon journalists as such.

636
00:39:16,733 --> 00:39:21,100
If we're going to do opinions, 
however, we should very, 
very clearly say, this is an

637
00:39:21,100 --> 00:39:25,633
opinion, and everybody should be 
allowed to have their opinion, 
whether it be right opinion,

638
00:39:25,633 --> 00:39:28,200
left opinion, or 
middle road opinion.

639
00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:33,033
So I think the opportunity 
for us now to create 
an educational forum, a 
forum that will inspire,

640
00:39:35,666 --> 00:39:40,666
a forum that will inform, 
and a forum that will 
provide entertainment, 
so to speak, even,

641
00:39:42,700 --> 00:39:45,466
sports, arts, lifestyle.

642
00:39:45,466 --> 00:39:47,500
So I'm really excited.

643
00:39:47,500 --> 00:39:51,566
It's a steep learning curve 
for me, but I'm really excited 
about this next episode of

644
00:39:52,433 --> 00:39:54,500
what I'm going to be doing.

645
00:39:54,500 --> 00:39:58,033
JUDY WOODRUFF: Dr. Patrick 
Soon-Shiong, the new owner of 
The Los Angeles Times and The

646
00:39:58,033 --> 00:40:00,066
San Diego Union, 
again, congratulations.

647
00:40:00,066 --> 00:40:05,066
PATRICK SOON-SHIONG: 
Thank you so much, Judy.

648
00:40:07,600 --> 00:40:12,600
JUDY WOODRUFF: As traditional 
sports like baseball and 
football struggle with stalling

649
00:40:18,433 --> 00:40:23,433
viewership and an aging fan 
base, a new kind of sport has 
emerged with huge appeal for

650
00:40:24,666 --> 00:40:26,666
millions around the world.

651
00:40:26,666 --> 00:40:31,166
Economics correspondent Paul 
Solman has the story from 
Austin, Texas, where he went to

652
00:40:31,166 --> 00:40:34,766
a three-day event for 
what's known as e-sports.

653
00:40:34,766 --> 00:40:38,133
It's part of his weekly 
series, Making Sense.

654
00:40:38,133 --> 00:40:43,100
PAUL SOLMAN: Pro sports, and 
they don't get any hotter than 
this, in the U.S, in France,

655
00:40:51,200 --> 00:40:53,500
in Poland.

656
00:40:53,500 --> 00:40:58,466
The fans are in ecstasy 
and sometimes despair over 
e-sports, electronic sports.

657
00:41:00,866 --> 00:41:04,166
That's right.

658
00:41:04,166 --> 00:41:07,100
They're playing video 
games for money, big money.

659
00:41:07,100 --> 00:41:09,933
Come on, you ask, 
this is sports?

660
00:41:09,933 --> 00:41:14,933
Well, the Olympics are 
considering adding e-sports 
because they have mesmerized the

661
00:41:16,466 --> 00:41:18,900
digital generation, 
while traditional sports 
worry about decline.

662
00:41:18,900 --> 00:41:21,900
MIKE VAN DRIEL, DreamHack: We're 
not really concerned anymore 
about this hangup of like,

663
00:41:21,900 --> 00:41:23,900
is it sports or not?

664
00:41:23,900 --> 00:41:27,966
PAUL SOLMAN: We're at DreamHack 
in Austin Texas, Canadian Mike 
Van Driel here from Sweden

665
00:41:29,033 --> 00:41:31,333
to manage the event.

666
00:41:31,333 --> 00:41:36,333
And while DreamHack Austin 
drew a crowd of only 30,000, 
$30 just to watch, $89 if you

667
00:41:38,233 --> 00:41:43,233
also BYOC, bring your 
own computer to play 
in the amateur pen.

668
00:41:44,700 --> 00:41:46,500
But you know how times many 
fans will tune in online?

669
00:41:46,500 --> 00:41:47,833
MIKE VAN DRIEL: I mean, 
easily 100 million.

670
00:41:47,833 --> 00:41:48,833
PAUL SOLMAN: A hundred million?

671
00:41:48,833 --> 00:41:50,833
MIKE VAN DRIEL: Yes.

672
00:41:50,833 --> 00:41:54,966
PAUL SOLMAN: The box 
office take in Austin, 
nearly a million dollars.

673
00:41:54,966 --> 00:41:58,966
But this is just one of 
the dozen or so events 
DreamHack hosts every year.

674
00:41:58,966 --> 00:42:02,300
MIKE VAN DRIEL: We're 
doing two events in the 
U.S., two events in Spain.

675
00:42:02,300 --> 00:42:07,100
And then in two weeks from 
now, we will be at kind of the 
original event in a Jonkoping,

676
00:42:07,100 --> 00:42:08,533
Sweden.

677
00:42:08,533 --> 00:42:09,600
PAUL SOLMAN: And how 
many people come to that?

678
00:42:09,600 --> 00:42:10,933
MIKE VAN DRIEL: About 55,000.

679
00:42:10,933 --> 00:42:14,066
PAUL SOLMAN: In Jonkoping.

680
00:42:14,066 --> 00:42:16,766
That's standing room 
only at Yankee Stadium.

681
00:42:16,766 --> 00:42:21,633
Moreover, while we were at 
DreamHack, a separate tournament 
was taking place at a resort in

682
00:42:21,633 --> 00:42:23,066
Wisconsin.

683
00:42:23,066 --> 00:42:25,633
And there were others 
all over the world.

684
00:42:25,633 --> 00:42:28,266
MIKE VAN DRIEL: So many 
events happen on the same 
weekend, because there's 
not enough weekends.

685
00:42:28,266 --> 00:42:32,333
PAUL SOLMAN: Following the 
fans, of course, the money.

686
00:42:32,333 --> 00:42:37,333
Growing at 40 percent per year, 
e-sports figure to gross nearly 
a billion dollars by the end

687
00:42:39,366 --> 00:42:42,333
of 2018, 40 percent or so from 
sponsorships, 20 percent from 
ads, another 20 percent from

688
00:42:43,800 --> 00:42:45,866
media rights.

689
00:42:45,866 --> 00:42:50,066
At DreamHack, signs of the 
new money were everywhere, 
high-tech cameras on cranes.

690
00:42:53,800 --> 00:42:58,766
So-call casters call the action 
play-by-play, streamed live 
worldwide, as the pro gamers

691
00:43:01,100 --> 00:43:04,833
play for rich prizes, 
in addition to their 
substantial salaries.

692
00:43:04,833 --> 00:43:07,266
SHAHZEB KHAN, ShahZaM: 
They're well over six figures.

693
00:43:07,266 --> 00:43:09,733
And then the sky's the 
limit with prize money.

694
00:43:09,733 --> 00:43:14,733
PAUL SOLMAN: That's ShahZaM, 
Shahzeb Khan, a star whose 
pro e-sport is Counter-Strike,

695
00:43:17,300 --> 00:43:20,600
where five terrorists try 
to plant bombs and five 
counterterrorists try to 
deter them permanently.

696
00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:30,566
Whoever neutralizes the 
opposing team first wins.

697
00:43:30,566 --> 00:43:35,566
ShahZaM plays for 
compLexity Gaming, one 
of scores of pro e-sports 
teams in various leagues

698
00:43:38,233 --> 00:43:43,233
playing different e-sports 
video games, Dota 2, PUBG, 
Overwatch, League of Legends.

699
00:43:44,966 --> 00:43:49,966
They all compete for top 
talent, like ShahZaM.

700
00:43:52,833 --> 00:43:57,633
Last year, compLexity was bought 
by Dallas Cowboys football 
boss Jerry Jones, who's been

701
00:43:57,633 --> 00:44:02,333
joined by traditional sports 
moguls like Bob Kraft of the 
New England Patriots football

702
00:44:02,333 --> 00:44:06,300
dynasty, who's invested 
in a league for the 
video game Overwatch.

703
00:44:06,300 --> 00:44:11,300
Team compLexity, which makes its 
money from corporate sponsors 
and its cut of tournament

704
00:44:12,500 --> 00:44:14,166
winnings, provides 
plenty of support.

705
00:44:14,166 --> 00:44:17,266
SHAHZEB KHAN: We have 
got a personal fitness 
sports psychology coach.

706
00:44:17,266 --> 00:44:21,266
He helps us with pretty much 
everything we need, in terms 
of like even teaching some

707
00:44:21,266 --> 00:44:25,200
of the players how to 
cook, getting advice on 
like fixing your posture.

708
00:44:25,200 --> 00:44:30,200
PAUL SOLMAN: Hey, posture is 
key, if you sit as much as 
these guys do, practicing eight

709
00:44:30,933 --> 00:44:32,966
to 10 hours a day.

710
00:44:32,966 --> 00:44:37,233
But, look, says the entrepreneur 
who founded and then sold the 
compLexity team, Jason Lake:

711
00:44:37,233 --> 00:44:39,633
JASON LAKE, Founder, compLexity 
Gaming: The beautiful thing 
about e-sports and about gaming

712
00:44:39,633 --> 00:44:43,266
is, you don't have to be 
6'3'' and 220 to have a shot.

713
00:44:43,266 --> 00:44:46,266
You don't have to 
be 6'9'' to dunk.

714
00:44:46,266 --> 00:44:49,266
Anybody can come, male, 
female, any race, any gender.

715
00:44:49,266 --> 00:44:53,733
As long as you have some 
basic physical functionality, 
it's a level playing field.

716
00:44:53,733 --> 00:44:58,733
PAUL SOLMAN: There is 
one physical hazard, 
carpal tunnel syndrome.

717
00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:01,666
Daniel Rodriguez, AKA ChuDat:

718
00:45:01,666 --> 00:45:04,933
DANIEL RODRIGUEZ, ChuDat: If I 
play for about one or two hours, 
my fingers are pretty much

719
00:45:04,933 --> 00:45:07,033
- - they just start to hurt.

720
00:45:07,033 --> 00:45:11,766
PAUL SOLMAN: ChuDat is a star 
at Super Smash Bros. Melee, 
a mostly gun-free mano-a-mano

721
00:45:13,833 --> 00:45:18,033
affair released way back 
in 2001, but ChuDat's 
e-sport was shelved for 
a sequel, Super Smash

722
00:45:20,500 --> 00:45:24,633
Bros. Brawl, and both he and the 
game appeared to be obsolete.

723
00:45:24,633 --> 00:45:26,733
DANIEL RODRIGUEZ: I tried 
picking up the game.

724
00:45:26,733 --> 00:45:27,733
I tried playing.

725
00:45:27,733 --> 00:45:29,800
I was no good at it.

726
00:45:29,800 --> 00:45:33,733
So I had to kind of like drop 
Smash and I had to focus on 
like my real life, so I got

727
00:45:34,866 --> 00:45:37,400
a job and then I 
went back to school.

728
00:45:37,400 --> 00:45:41,700
PAUL SOLMAN: Luckily, a 
2013 nostalgia documentary 
revived Melee and 
Rodriguez's career, for

729
00:45:43,333 --> 00:45:45,433
the time being.

730
00:45:45,433 --> 00:45:48,400
DANIEL RODRIGUEZ: People think 
that this game will dry up and 
it will just like completely

731
00:45:48,400 --> 00:45:49,633
disappear.

732
00:45:49,633 --> 00:45:51,166
PAUL SOLMAN: Well, what 
do you do after that?

733
00:45:51,166 --> 00:45:53,933
DANIEL RODRIGUEZ: I got to go 
back to school and get a job.

734
00:45:53,933 --> 00:45:58,933
PAUL SOLMAN: So, unlike baseball 
or golf, video games go, video 
games come, and sometimes

735
00:45:59,600 --> 00:46:02,233
quickly.

736
00:46:02,233 --> 00:46:05,600
The video game of the 
moment, soon to become a 
pro e-sport with a league 
of its own, Fortnite,

737
00:46:07,500 --> 00:46:10,766
a shoot-em-up featuring a battle 
royal, 100 players drifting 
down to an island and then

738
00:46:12,633 --> 00:46:16,433
sniping away to emerge 
as sole survivor.

739
00:46:16,433 --> 00:46:21,433
With promised tournament prizes 
of $100 million next year, 
Fortnite threatens to become the

740
00:46:23,300 --> 00:46:27,333
biggest e-sport of them 
all and was plastered on 
screens throughout DreamHack.

741
00:46:29,333 --> 00:46:33,133
Released less than a year ago, 
the game already has 50 million 
players, in part because it's

742
00:46:34,500 --> 00:46:38,933
free, while a typical video 
game costs $50 to $60.

743
00:46:40,066 --> 00:46:42,766
So how can it offer 
$100 million in prizes?

744
00:46:42,766 --> 00:46:47,766
Because Fortnite has 
turned out to be a superb 
virtual merchandiser.

745
00:46:49,666 --> 00:46:53,133
Matthew Adams, playing Fortnite 
at the BYOC area of DreamHack, 
is one of its customers.

746
00:46:54,533 --> 00:46:56,766
MATTHEW ADAMS, Gamer: You 
can earn dances and buy them.

747
00:46:56,766 --> 00:46:58,433
Like, here's a break-dance.

748
00:46:58,433 --> 00:46:59,700
PAUL SOLMAN: A break-dance.

749
00:46:59,700 --> 00:47:02,300
MATTHEW ADAMS: Like in 
old times, like disco.

750
00:47:02,300 --> 00:47:05,933
PAUL SOLMAN: And you 
could either earn those 
dances for your character 
or you can buy them?

751
00:47:05,933 --> 00:47:07,666
MATTHEW ADAMS: Yes, or you 
can buy them in the shop.

752
00:47:07,666 --> 00:47:09,933
PAUL SOLMAN: And how much 
is a dance cost roughly?

753
00:47:09,933 --> 00:47:11,133
MATTHEW ADAMS: Like two dollars.

754
00:47:11,133 --> 00:47:13,200
PAUL SOLMAN: Two bucks a dance.

755
00:47:13,200 --> 00:47:14,833
MATTHEW ADAMS: Yes.

756
00:47:14,833 --> 00:47:19,233
PAUL SOLMAN: Skins, the 
outfits players don, 
are $10 to $20 apiece.

757
00:47:21,200 --> 00:47:24,633
As a result, Fortnite grossed 
$296 million on cosmetic 
items and weapons upgrades in

758
00:47:27,600 --> 00:47:28,833
the month of April alone.

759
00:47:28,833 --> 00:47:31,100
How many hours a day 
do you play this?

760
00:47:31,100 --> 00:47:34,033
MATTHEW ADAMS: Maybe like five.

761
00:47:34,033 --> 00:47:36,033
I play a lot.

762
00:47:36,033 --> 00:47:40,033
ZAC ADAMS, Father: I think 
that it will be as popular as 
baseball, basketball, and those

763
00:47:40,533 --> 00:47:41,533
sports.

764
00:47:41,533 --> 00:47:43,466
It's just a matter of time.

765
00:47:43,466 --> 00:47:48,133
PAUL SOLMAN: Matthew's dad 
Zac Adams is a pro athlete 
himself, a long-drive golfer who

766
00:47:49,266 --> 00:47:52,933
has hit a ball 450 
yards onto a fairway.

767
00:47:52,933 --> 00:47:56,066
He's taken up Fortnite to 
spend time with his kids.

768
00:47:56,066 --> 00:47:58,766
But, now, wait a second.

769
00:47:58,766 --> 00:48:01,133
Maybe Fortnite is 
the next big e-sport.

770
00:48:01,133 --> 00:48:03,633
But doesn't the violence 
concern the father?

771
00:48:03,633 --> 00:48:08,633
A 2015 review by the American 
Psychological Association 
linked video games to increased

772
00:48:10,066 --> 00:48:12,800
aggression, though it found 
no link to violent crimes.

773
00:48:12,800 --> 00:48:17,800
ZAC ADAM: I think that the 
parents that do allow them to 
play should be responsible to

774
00:48:18,966 --> 00:48:20,933
bring that to the 
top of the list.

775
00:48:20,933 --> 00:48:24,233
PAUL SOLMAN: Matt's dad 
said he wasn't worried 
about a Fortnite addiction.

776
00:48:24,233 --> 00:48:29,166
But that was before the World 
Health Organization pronounced 
this week that such addictions

777
00:48:29,166 --> 00:48:32,733
can be a gaming disorder 
in extreme cases.

778
00:48:32,733 --> 00:48:37,733
Do you worry at all about 
the addiction factor?

779
00:48:38,933 --> 00:48:40,800
I asked him if he was 
addicted to the game.

780
00:48:40,800 --> 00:48:42,066
And he said yes.

781
00:48:42,066 --> 00:48:43,066
ZAC ADAM: Right.

782
00:48:43,066 --> 00:48:44,066
Yes.

783
00:48:44,066 --> 00:48:45,066
Yes.

784
00:48:45,066 --> 00:48:47,133
Yes.

785
00:48:47,133 --> 00:48:49,366
I mean, it's tough to like put 
my finger on that, you know, 
because if you balance your

786
00:48:49,366 --> 00:48:54,366
life with exercise, proper 
diet, and you're - - and you're 
doing things to keep yourself

787
00:48:56,366 --> 00:48:59,566
mentally healthy, you can 
have a hobby that maybe isn't 
necessarily an addiction, but

788
00:49:01,033 --> 00:49:03,366
it's what you do, you know, 
and it's what drives your life.

789
00:49:03,366 --> 00:49:06,200
PAUL SOLMAN: I had one last 
question for Zac's son.

790
00:49:06,200 --> 00:49:08,633
Do you have any dreams of 
becoming a professional gamer?

791
00:49:08,633 --> 00:49:09,633
MATTHEW ADAMS: Yes.

792
00:49:09,633 --> 00:49:10,633
PAUL SOLMAN: You do?

793
00:49:10,633 --> 00:49:11,866
MATTHEW ADAMS: Yes.

794
00:49:11,866 --> 00:49:13,700
PAUL SOLMAN: Do you 
think you have a shot?

795
00:49:13,700 --> 00:49:15,700
MATTHEW ADAMS: Maybe.

796
00:49:15,700 --> 00:49:19,700
PAUL SOLMAN: For the "PBS 
NewsHour" in Austin, Texas, this 
is Paul Solman, sticking to my

797
00:49:20,866 --> 00:49:25,033
TV economics career, 
at least for now.

798
00:49:27,433 --> 00:49:31,033
JUDY WOODRUFF: Next, we 
turn to another installment 
of our weekly Brief 
But Spectacular series,

799
00:49:38,600 --> 00:49:40,733
where we ask people 
about their passions.

800
00:49:40,733 --> 00:49:45,733
Tonight, in honor of LGBTQ Pride 
Month, we hear from YouTube 
contributor Jackson Bird.

801
00:49:48,200 --> 00:49:52,566
He hosts the podcast 
"Transmission" and creates 
videos for transgender 
people and for everyone

802
00:49:53,733 --> 00:49:56,233
to better understand the 
transgender community.

803
00:49:56,233 --> 00:50:00,600
JACKSON BIRD, Activist: I think 
it can be difficult for people 
to wrap their heads around

804
00:50:00,600 --> 00:50:05,133
gender, specifically cisgender 
people, people whose gender 
identity is congruent with the

805
00:50:05,133 --> 00:50:07,233
one that they were 
assigned to them at birth.

806
00:50:07,233 --> 00:50:11,333
It can be difficult for them 
because they never had to 
question their gender, which

807
00:50:11,333 --> 00:50:16,333
is astonishing to those of us 
who are trans, because we spend 
so much of our time questioning

808
00:50:18,800 --> 00:50:20,966
gender and thinking about 
it in a very existential 
way, and wondering why 
is gender, and what

809
00:50:20,966 --> 00:50:25,966
is gender, and how 
did this happen?

810
00:50:28,933 --> 00:50:33,433
When I was 25, I came out 
as transgender, which means 
basically I came out as a guy.

811
00:50:33,433 --> 00:50:36,833
When I say that I'm a 
transgender man, what 
that means is that, 
when I was born, I was

812
00:50:36,833 --> 00:50:38,100
assigned female at birth.

813
00:50:38,100 --> 00:50:40,800
I was socialized as 
a girl growing up.

814
00:50:40,800 --> 00:50:42,400
It never really felt right.

815
00:50:42,400 --> 00:50:44,933
From a young age, I just 
felt like I should've 
been born a boy.

816
00:50:44,933 --> 00:50:46,233
I didn't share it with anyone.

817
00:50:46,233 --> 00:50:48,300
I didn't think I could 
share it with anyone.

818
00:50:48,300 --> 00:50:52,966
So, what I did instead was, 
think, well, this is the life 
I have to lead as a woman.

819
00:50:52,966 --> 00:50:57,433
So, I will just try to be the 
best woman that I can be in 
whatever that means in a very

820
00:50:57,433 --> 00:50:59,166
stereotypical way from society.

821
00:50:59,166 --> 00:51:00,566
Hi, my name is Jackson Bird.

822
00:51:00,566 --> 00:51:02,633
And I am two years 
post-top surgery.

823
00:51:02,633 --> 00:51:03,733
Why does he have 
his shirt on then?

824
00:51:03,733 --> 00:51:06,166
Isn't the point of these videos?

825
00:51:06,166 --> 00:51:07,366
His shirt should be off.

826
00:51:07,366 --> 00:51:08,366
Ain't happening.

827
00:51:08,366 --> 00:51:09,866
Here's why.

828
00:51:09,866 --> 00:51:13,266
I have been making videos 
on YouTube for a long time.

829
00:51:13,266 --> 00:51:18,000
And I started making them when 
I was kind of dealing with 
my gender identity and kind

830
00:51:18,000 --> 00:51:22,833
of knew at the back of my head 
that, if my audience continued 
to grow on YouTube, I would

831
00:51:22,833 --> 00:51:27,033
eventually have this 
pressure of having to 
come out publicly online.

832
00:51:27,033 --> 00:51:29,833
There's something in the trans 
community called living stealth.

833
00:51:29,833 --> 00:51:31,966
And only some trans people 
even have this privilege.

834
00:51:31,966 --> 00:51:36,833
What it means is that you are 
perceived enough, you are read 
as the gender you identify as

835
00:51:38,833 --> 00:51:42,266
that, when you go out and about 
in your everyday life, people 
aren't going to question your

836
00:51:43,033 --> 00:51:45,000
gender.

837
00:51:45,000 --> 00:51:48,766
For anyone who is not 
consistently read as the gender 
they identify as, it's so much

838
00:51:48,766 --> 00:51:52,933
harder, because they're going 
out in public every single 
day just living their lives,

839
00:51:52,933 --> 00:51:56,966
and having strangers on the 
street, on the subway, the 
cashiers at the grocery store

840
00:51:56,966 --> 00:52:01,133
giving them weird looks, 
maybe even dirty looks, making 
them, like, explain themselves

841
00:52:01,133 --> 00:52:03,200
anywhere they are.

842
00:52:03,200 --> 00:52:07,100
So, that's an every single day, 
multiple times a day coming 
out process, on top of the very

843
00:52:07,100 --> 00:52:10,633
turbulent, traumatic one 
that you probably already had 
when you told your family and

844
00:52:10,633 --> 00:52:12,700
friends.

845
00:52:12,700 --> 00:52:15,766
If you're watching this and 
you're wondering what you can 
do to help close the gaps of

846
00:52:15,766 --> 00:52:20,766
an inequality that 
exists between LGBTQ+ 
people vs. straight and 
non-transgender people, I

847
00:52:22,800 --> 00:52:27,200
think the biggest thing is to 
just see the humanity in us, to 
raise up our voices, especially

848
00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:32,200
in so many places of media and 
community and spaces where our 
voices are under-represented.

849
00:52:33,933 --> 00:52:38,666
I didn't have any transgender 
role models growing up.

850
00:52:38,666 --> 00:52:42,766
I hardly had any gay or 
queer role models growing 
up in Texas in the '90s.

851
00:52:42,766 --> 00:52:47,666
I didn't even know that 
transgender men existed.

852
00:52:47,666 --> 00:52:51,766
That lack of representation 
growing up made me literally 
feel like I was alone in the

853
00:52:51,766 --> 00:52:54,066
world and there was 
no one else like me.

854
00:52:54,066 --> 00:52:59,033
So to now get to be the role 
model that I needed as a 
kid is just indescribable.

855
00:53:03,400 --> 00:53:07,900
My name is Jackson Bird, and 
this is my Brief But Spectacular 
take on providing a platform

856
00:53:07,900 --> 00:53:09,833
for transgender people.

857
00:53:09,833 --> 00:53:14,066
JUDY WOODRUFF: And you can 
find additional Brief But 
Spectacular episodes on our Web

858
00:53:14,066 --> 00:53:18,500
site, PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

859
00:53:18,500 --> 00:53:21,433
And before we go, we're 
sorry to share this passing.

860
00:53:21,433 --> 00:53:26,433
Charles Krauthammer, the 
syndicated conservative 
columnist and FOX News 
contributor, has died

861
00:53:27,500 --> 00:53:29,533
after battling cancer.

862
00:53:29,533 --> 00:53:33,966
He'd not been on television 
for nearly a year, and wrote a 
public letter earlier this month

863
00:53:33,966 --> 00:53:37,133
announcing that he only 
had a short time to live.

864
00:53:37,133 --> 00:53:42,133
Krauthammer, a former 
psychiatrist and paraplegic 
since a teenage diving 
accident, won the Pulitzer

865
00:53:43,533 --> 00:53:47,300
Prize for his commentary, 
and was a bestselling author.

866
00:53:47,300 --> 00:53:50,866
Charles Krauthammer 
was 68 years old.

867
00:53:50,866 --> 00:53:52,500
And that's the 
"NewsHour" for tonight.

868
00:53:52,500 --> 00:53:54,533
I'm Judy Woodruff.

869
00:53:54,533 --> 00:53:58,500
For all of us at the "PBS 
NewsHour," thank you, 
and we'll see you soon.