WEBVTT 00:00.467 --> 00:01.434 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: AS PROTESTS FOR 00:01.434 --> 00:02.969 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BLACK LIVES MATTER CONTINUE 00:02.969 --> 00:04.437 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACROSS THE COUNTRY, MANY STATE 00:04.437 --> 00:05.839 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND LOCAL LEADERS HAVE DECLARED 00:05.839 --> 00:08.641 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RACISM A PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS. 00:08.641 --> 00:10.844 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS COMES AS CORONAVIRUS CASES 00:10.844 --> 00:12.712 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTING 00:12.712 --> 00:14.347 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COMMUNITIES OF COLOR. 00:14.347 --> 00:15.615 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONE OF THE MANY INSTITUTIONS 00:15.615 --> 00:17.217 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FACING A RECKONING, OF SORTS, IS 00:17.217 --> 00:19.586 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM ITSELF. 00:19.586 --> 00:21.287 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I SPOKE RECENTLY WITH DR. RHEA 00:21.287 --> 00:22.455 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BOYD, A CALIFORNIA-BASED 00:22.455 --> 00:24.090 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEDIATRICIAN AND PUBLIC HEALTH 00:24.090 --> 00:25.959 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ADVOCATE, WHO SAYS STRUCTURAL 00:25.959 --> 00:27.961 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RACISM IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM 00:27.961 --> 00:29.796 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS ONLY COMPOUNDING THE PUBLIC 00:29.796 --> 00:32.599 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HEALTH CRISIS. 00:32.599 --> 00:35.835 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS PANDEMIC, AND ALSO OUR 00:35.835 --> 00:38.972 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RECKONING WITH RACE, HAS BROUGHT 00:38.972 --> 00:41.074 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A COUPLE OF DIFFERENT BIG IDEAS 00:41.074 --> 00:42.876 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TOGETHER, WHICH IS THAT THERE 00:42.876 --> 00:46.646 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE UNEQUAL HEALTH OUTCOMES FOR 00:46.646 --> 00:48.615 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AMERICANS BASED ON THE COLOR OF 00:48.615 --> 00:49.582 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEIR SKIN. 00:49.582 --> 00:51.184 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW DOES THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM 00:51.184 --> 00:54.821 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PLAY IN TO THESE INEQUITIES? 00:54.821 --> 00:55.989 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> YOU KNOW, THAT'S A REALLY 00:55.989 --> 00:57.457 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CRITICAL QUESTION, AND IT'S NOT 00:57.457 --> 00:59.359 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONE THAT WE OFTEN ASK. 00:59.359 --> 01:00.927 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT OUR HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AND 01:00.927 --> 01:02.796 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW IT DISTRIBUTES RESOURCES TO 01:02.796 --> 01:04.030 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POPULATIONS BASED ON THEIR 01:04.030 --> 01:05.532 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RACIAL AND ETHNIC IDENTITIES 01:05.532 --> 01:07.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ABSOLUTELY SHAPES THE RACIAL 01:07.400 --> 01:08.601 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HEALTH INEQUITIES WE SEE 01:08.601 --> 01:10.470 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EMERGING GENERALLY, AND RIGHT 01:10.470 --> 01:12.405 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW IN THE PANDEMIC. 01:12.405 --> 01:14.040 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONE EXAMPLE OF THAT IS THE 01:14.040 --> 01:15.575 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INSURANCE MARKETPLACE. 01:15.575 --> 01:17.143 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUR HEALTH CARE SYSTEM OFFERS 01:17.143 --> 01:18.711 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU HEALTH CARE BASED ON YOUR 01:18.711 --> 01:20.313 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INSURANCE ACCESS. 01:20.313 --> 01:21.981 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT WE KNOW THAT THAT ACCESS 01:21.981 --> 01:23.483 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TIERS THE QUALITY OF CARE THAT 01:23.483 --> 01:25.218 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PATIENTS RECEIVE, AND THERE'S 01:25.218 --> 01:26.453 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BEEN DATA TO SUGGEST THAT IT 01:26.453 --> 01:27.954 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RACIALLY SEGREGATES THE CARE 01:27.954 --> 01:29.522 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT PATIENTS RECEIVE. 01:29.522 --> 01:30.657 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THOSE ARE EXAMPLES OF HOW 01:30.657 --> 01:31.958 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUSINESS MODELS AND HEALTH CARE 01:31.958 --> 01:34.060 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DRIVE BROADER INEQUITIES. 01:34.060 --> 01:35.562 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THERE ARE REASONS WHY WE 01:35.562 --> 01:36.863 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEED UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE IN 01:36.863 --> 01:37.664 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE UNITED STATES. 01:37.664 --> 01:38.598 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: YOU KNOW, WE 01:38.598 --> 01:40.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAVE HEARD ABOUT, FOR EXAMPLE, 01:40.266 --> 01:42.502 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MATERNAL MORTALITY STATISTICS 01:42.502 --> 01:43.870 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR BLACK WOMEN AND HOW THEY'RE 01:43.870 --> 01:45.171 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORSE. 01:45.171 --> 01:47.140 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I MEAN, WHAT ARE THE SYSTEMIC 01:47.140 --> 01:50.543 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FAILURES THAT GET BLACK WOMEN TO 01:50.543 --> 01:53.113 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% A POSITION WHERE THAT OUTCOME... 01:53.113 --> 01:54.614 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WELL, I GUESS, REALLY ISN'T PAID 01:54.614 --> 01:55.949 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ATTENTION TO ENOUGH. 01:55.949 --> 01:57.150 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT, WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT IT 01:57.150 --> 01:58.885 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THROUGHOUT THE LIFECYCLE OF A 01:58.885 --> 02:00.687 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PERSON OF COLOR IN AMERICA, WHAT 02:00.687 --> 02:02.755 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE THOSE GAPS THAT WE TAKE FOR 02:02.755 --> 02:04.290 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GRANTED? 02:04.290 --> 02:05.592 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> SO, RACIAL HEALTH INEQUITIES 02:05.592 --> 02:07.327 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LIKE THE MATERNAL MORTALITY GAP, 02:07.327 --> 02:09.395 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LIKE THE INFANT MORTALITY GAP, 02:09.395 --> 02:11.865 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY REVEAL LEGACIES AND CURRENT 02:11.865 --> 02:13.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRACTICES OF RACIAL EXCLUSION 02:13.600 --> 02:14.801 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND DISCRIMINATION IN OUR 02:14.801 --> 02:15.902 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COUNTRY. 02:15.902 --> 02:17.470 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY REFLECT WHO HAS ACCESS TO 02:17.470 --> 02:19.873 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAFE ENVIRONMENTS, CLEAN WATER, 02:19.873 --> 02:21.841 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FRESH AIR-- AND WHO DOESN'’’T. 02:21.841 --> 02:23.209 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHO HAS ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, 02:23.209 --> 02:24.878 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LIKE WE'’’VE ALREADY MENTIONED. 02:24.878 --> 02:27.580 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHO HAS ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT IN 02:27.580 --> 02:28.815 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INDUSTRIES THAT MIGHT OFFER 02:28.815 --> 02:30.316 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CERTAIN PROTECTIONS THAT, DURING 02:30.316 --> 02:31.751 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS PANDEMIC, MIGHT KEEP PEOPLE 02:31.751 --> 02:32.819 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MORE SAFE. 02:32.819 --> 02:34.487 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THINGS LIKE PAID SICK LEAVE OR 02:34.487 --> 02:36.022 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PARENTAL LEAVE OR EVEN JUST 02:36.022 --> 02:37.891 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACCESS TO P.P.E. 02:37.891 --> 02:38.925 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ALL OF THOSE CRITICAL SUPPORTS 02:38.925 --> 02:41.461 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE RACIALLY DISTRIBUTED IN OUR 02:41.461 --> 02:43.029 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOCIETY, AND THERE ARE REASONS 02:43.029 --> 02:44.764 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHY WE SEE BROAD INEQUITIES 02:44.764 --> 02:46.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GENERALLY, AND SPECIFIC 02:46.866 --> 02:48.201 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INEQUITIES RIGHT NOW DURING THE 02:48.201 --> 02:49.769 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PANDEMIC. 02:49.769 --> 02:50.603 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: DURING THE 02:50.603 --> 02:52.505 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PANDEMIC, WE'VE ALSO SEEN IS A 02:52.505 --> 02:54.641 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DISPROPORTIONATE AMOUNT OF 02:54.641 --> 02:57.110 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IMPACT ON HEALTH CARE WORKERS OF 02:57.110 --> 02:58.111 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COLOR. 02:58.111 --> 02:59.846 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHAT CAN WE DO TO TRY TO 02:59.846 --> 03:03.550 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RESTRUCTURE A WORKFORCE THAT-- 03:03.550 --> 03:05.485 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WELL, KIND OF RELIES ON THE 03:05.485 --> 03:08.087 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LABOR OF ALL AMERICANS-- BUT IT 03:08.087 --> 03:09.622 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SEEMS THAT SOME OF THE TASKS 03:09.622 --> 03:11.257 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT ARE AT HIGHER RISK, 03:11.257 --> 03:12.158 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE'RE PUTTING THESE PEOPLE AT 03:12.158 --> 03:13.326 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HIGHER RISK, ARE FALLING 03:13.326 --> 03:14.394 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DISPROPORTIONATELY ON PEOPLE OF 03:14.394 --> 03:15.962 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COLOR. 03:15.962 --> 03:16.996 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THIS IS ONE OF THE 03:16.996 --> 03:18.431 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEVASTATING THINGS ABOUT HOW 03:18.431 --> 03:20.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RACISM WORKS IN SOCIETY. 03:20.266 --> 03:21.935 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EVEN BEING A MEMBER OF A 03:21.935 --> 03:23.636 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROTECTED WORKFORCE LIKE HEALTH 03:23.636 --> 03:25.438 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CARE DURING A PANDEMIC, STILL 03:25.438 --> 03:28.041 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ISN'T ENOUGH TO KEEP BLACK 03:28.041 --> 03:29.709 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOLKS, FILIPINO WORKERS, LIKE 03:29.709 --> 03:31.778 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% YOU MENTIONED, LATINX FOLKS AND 03:31.778 --> 03:33.746 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS SAFE, 03:33.746 --> 03:34.814 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE WHEN THEY LEAVE THEIR 03:34.814 --> 03:36.549 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% JOBS, THEY STILL GO BACK TO 03:36.549 --> 03:38.218 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STRUCTURALLY UNEQUAL LIVING 03:38.218 --> 03:39.219 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CONDITIONS. 03:39.219 --> 03:40.186 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THAT'S WHAT REALLY PUTS 03:40.186 --> 03:41.354 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PEOPLE AT RISK. 03:41.354 --> 03:42.322 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: HOW DO YOU 03:42.322 --> 03:45.225 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INCENTIVIZE EQUITABLE OUTCOMES? 03:45.225 --> 03:46.893 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I MEAN, AS YOU MENTIONED, THERE 03:46.893 --> 03:48.861 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE PRETTY POWERFUL FORCES. 03:48.861 --> 03:50.129 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW DO YOU MAKE SURE THAT THERE 03:50.129 --> 03:51.397 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ARE THESE OUTCOMES IN THE LONG 03:51.397 --> 03:53.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RUN THAT PEOPLE CAN GET TOGETHER 03:53.266 --> 03:54.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AROUND? 03:54.200 --> 03:57.770 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> IN HEALTH CARE, ONE WAY TO DO 03:57.770 --> 03:58.705 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT IS WITH GOVERNMENT 03:58.705 --> 03:59.772 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REGULATION. 03:59.772 --> 04:01.341 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I THINK GOVERNMENT REGULATION 04:01.341 --> 04:04.277 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS ONE OF THE HALLMARKS OF 04:04.277 --> 04:07.080 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ANTI-DISCRIMINATION ADVANCES 04:07.080 --> 04:08.548 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THROUGHOUT SOCIETY, THAT YOU 04:08.548 --> 04:09.816 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEED THE GOVERNMENT TO SAY THAT 04:09.816 --> 04:11.117 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CERTAIN THINGS ARE ALLOWED AND 04:11.117 --> 04:12.385 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CERTAIN THINGS AREN'T ALLOWED, 04:12.385 --> 04:13.653 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT CERTAIN THINGS ARE RIGHTS 04:13.653 --> 04:15.188 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND OTHER THINGS ARE PRIVILEGES. 04:15.188 --> 04:16.256 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND I THINK, IN THIS COUNTRY, WE 04:16.256 --> 04:17.790 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEED TO SAY REALLY FIRMLY-- AND 04:17.790 --> 04:18.992 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE NEED OUR GOVERNMENT TO SAY IT 04:18.992 --> 04:20.460 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR ALL OF US-- THAT HEALTH CARE 04:20.460 --> 04:22.862 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IS A RIGHT, THAT EVERYONE SHOULD 04:22.862 --> 04:24.230 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAVE ACCESS TO IT, AND THAT OUR 04:24.230 --> 04:25.531 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GOVERNMENT WILL INVEST IN 04:25.531 --> 04:26.432 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ENSURING THAT THAT'S A 04:26.432 --> 04:27.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% POSSIBILITY. 04:27.533 --> 04:28.534 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT THEN WOULD CREATE 04:28.534 --> 04:31.437 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INCENTIVES, FINANCIAL AND MORAL, 04:31.437 --> 04:32.639 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITHIN HEALTH CARE TO ENSURE 04:32.639 --> 04:33.906 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT EVERYBODY HAS ACCESS TO 04:33.906 --> 04:34.707 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT RIGHT. 04:34.707 --> 04:35.541 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: IF WE WANTED TO 04:35.541 --> 04:36.976 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% REACH THAT PERFECT WORLD WHERE 04:36.976 --> 04:38.811 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE INCENTIVES WERE ALIGNED 04:38.811 --> 04:40.213 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WITH, KIND OF, OUR MORAL 04:40.213 --> 04:41.381 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INSTINCTS-- THAT PEOPLE SHOULD 04:41.381 --> 04:42.715 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAVE EQUITABLE OUTCOMES IN 04:42.715 --> 04:43.449 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HEALTH CARE, THEY SHOULD HAVE 04:43.449 --> 04:45.051 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EQUAL ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE-- 04:45.051 --> 04:46.352 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW DO WE GET FROM WHERE WE ARE 04:46.352 --> 04:48.521 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TODAY IN THE SYSTEM THAT EXISTS 04:48.521 --> 04:51.457 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOW, TO THAT ONE? 04:51.457 --> 04:52.292 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> SO, THERE'S A COUPLE OF 04:52.292 --> 04:53.693 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EXAMPLES WE COULD CHOOSE. 04:53.693 --> 04:55.561 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ONE IS MEDICAID EXPANSION. 04:55.561 --> 04:57.130 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EXPANDING MEDICAID INCREASES 04:57.130 --> 04:59.565 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACCESS TO BASIC HEALTH SERVICES, 04:59.565 --> 05:00.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHICH COULD INCREASE ACCESS TO 05:00.833 --> 05:02.835 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COVID TESTING, TO TREATMENT, AND 05:02.835 --> 05:04.671 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% JUST BASIC PRIMARY CARE. 05:04.671 --> 05:05.938 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE OTHER ONE THAT WE ABSOLUTELY 05:05.938 --> 05:06.939 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NEED TO BE DOING IS 05:06.939 --> 05:08.374 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DESEGREGATING OUR HEALTH CARE 05:08.374 --> 05:09.309 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORKFORCE. 05:09.309 --> 05:10.677 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SO, WE TALKED ABOUT HOW OUR 05:10.677 --> 05:11.978 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORKFORCE, PARTICULARLY DURING A 05:11.978 --> 05:13.746 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PANDEMIC, HAS BEEN PRIORITIZED 05:13.746 --> 05:15.481 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR CERTAIN CRITICAL PROTECTIONS 05:15.481 --> 05:17.417 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LIKE ACCESS TO P.P.E. 05:17.417 --> 05:18.718 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BUT THAT MEANS THAT OTHER 05:18.718 --> 05:20.153 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORKFORCES AND OTHER ESSENTIAL 05:20.153 --> 05:22.021 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LABORERS, INCLUDING PEOPLE IN 05:22.021 --> 05:23.256 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% VITAL SUPPLY CHAINS, LIKE 05:23.256 --> 05:25.091 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MEATPACKING PLANTS, FOR EXAMPLE, 05:25.091 --> 05:26.592 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HAVEN'T HAD THAT SAME ACCESS TO 05:26.592 --> 05:27.927 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% P.P.E. 05:27.927 --> 05:29.996 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HOW WE GET THERE FROM HERE IS TO 05:29.996 --> 05:32.098 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THINK ABOUT HOW WE REDISTRIBUTE 05:32.098 --> 05:35.435 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% P.P.E. BY INDUSTRY TO ENSURE 05:35.435 --> 05:37.136 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT THERE AREN'T RACIAL AND 05:37.136 --> 05:38.504 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ETHNIC GAPS IN WHO HAS IT. 05:38.504 --> 05:39.739 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BECAUSE WE KNOW IN HEALTHCARE, 05:39.739 --> 05:40.840 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUR INDUSTRY IS PREDOMINATELY 05:40.840 --> 05:42.175 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WHITE AT EVERY LEVEL, FROM 05:42.175 --> 05:43.710 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STUDENT TO C.E.O. 05:43.710 --> 05:45.011 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WE KNOW THAT ESSENTIAL 05:45.011 --> 05:46.979 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LABORERS OUTSIDE THE HEALTH CARE 05:46.979 --> 05:48.815 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WORKFORCE TEND TO BE 05:48.815 --> 05:50.249 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PREDOMINATELY FOLKS OF COLOR, 05:50.249 --> 05:51.851 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND PARTICULARLY WOMEN OF COLOR. 05:51.851 --> 05:53.252 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND SO, WE NEED TO REDISTRIBUTE 05:53.252 --> 05:55.254 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE P.P.E. AND SHARE IT, FROM 05:55.254 --> 05:56.622 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OUR HEALTH CARE WORKFORCE TO 05:56.622 --> 05:57.890 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OTHER INDUSTRIES, TO ENSURE THAT 05:57.890 --> 05:59.392 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EVERYBODY WHO GOES TO WORK, 05:59.392 --> 06:01.494 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% LABORS SAFELY. 06:01.494 --> 06:02.695 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: AS WORKPLACES GO 06:02.695 --> 06:03.896 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THROUGH THEIR OWN RECKONINGS ON 06:03.896 --> 06:05.365 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RACE, WHAT SHOULD THE HEALTH 06:05.365 --> 06:06.532 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CARE INDUSTRY-- WHICH ARE 06:06.532 --> 06:08.735 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DOCTORS AND HOSPITALS-- KNOW AND 06:08.735 --> 06:10.169 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STUDY ABOUT RACISM BEFORE THEY 06:10.169 --> 06:11.537 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PRACTICE THEIR CRAFT? 06:11.537 --> 06:13.172 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> SO, RACISM HURTS PEOPLE. 06:13.172 --> 06:14.474 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WE KNOW IT CONTRIBUTES TO 06:14.474 --> 06:16.309 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PREMATURE MORTALITY FOR ALL 06:16.309 --> 06:17.610 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS IN THIS 06:17.610 --> 06:18.411 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COUNTRY. 06:18.411 --> 06:19.645 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND THAT MEANS DOCTORS NEED TO 06:19.645 --> 06:21.547 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BETTER UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISMS 06:21.547 --> 06:23.516 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% BY WHICH RACISM HARMS HEALTH. 06:23.516 --> 06:24.884 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IN MEDICINE, WE NEED TO MAKE 06:24.884 --> 06:26.853 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF 06:26.853 --> 06:28.821 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% RACISM ON HEALTH A PROFESSIONAL 06:28.821 --> 06:29.922 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COMPETENCY. 06:29.922 --> 06:31.724 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EVERY CLINICIAN SHOULD KNOW IT. 06:31.724 --> 06:32.825 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: FINALLY, I WANT 06:32.825 --> 06:35.361 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO ASK, ARE YOU CONCERNED ABOUT 06:35.361 --> 06:38.998 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE VACCINES THAT MAY ARISE FOR 06:38.998 --> 06:42.902 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COVID-19 AND HOW THAT PLAYS OUT? 06:42.902 --> 06:44.070 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I MEAN, WHETHER THERE'S EQUAL 06:44.070 --> 06:46.272 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ACCESS TO THE VACCINE, WHETHER 06:46.272 --> 06:48.141 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THERE IS EQUAL ADOPTION, 06:48.141 --> 06:50.343 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU LIVE AND 06:50.343 --> 06:52.211 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE COLOR OF YOUR SKIN. 06:52.211 --> 06:53.413 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> ABSOLUTELY. 06:53.413 --> 06:54.514 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HEALTHCARE SERVICES AREN'T 06:54.514 --> 06:55.681 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DISTRIBUTED EQUITABLY IN OUR 06:55.681 --> 06:57.817 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SOCIETY, AND RACIAL AND ETHNIC 06:57.817 --> 06:59.419 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MINORITIZED GROUPS TEND TO BE 06:59.419 --> 07:00.520 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EXCLUDED. 07:00.520 --> 07:01.754 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND SO, I DO HAVE CONCERNS THAT 07:01.754 --> 07:04.190 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IF A VACCINE IS CREATED AND IT 07:04.190 --> 07:06.559 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ISN'T MADE FREELY AVAILABLE TO 07:06.559 --> 07:09.061 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% EVERYONE, THAT COSTS WILL BE A 07:09.061 --> 07:10.396 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HUGE BARRIER TO FOLKS GETTING 07:10.396 --> 07:11.030 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT. 07:11.030 --> 07:11.798 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: HEADING INTO 07:11.798 --> 07:13.099 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THIS FALL, WE KNOW THAT 07:13.099 --> 07:14.634 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INFLUENZA COMES BACK, AND WE 07:14.634 --> 07:16.035 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KNOW THAT NOT EVERYBODY GETS A 07:16.035 --> 07:17.537 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FLU VACCINE WHEN THEY HAVE A 07:17.537 --> 07:18.805 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% CHANCE TO. 07:18.805 --> 07:22.275 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IF PEOPLE CHOOSE NOT TO TAKE THE 07:22.275 --> 07:24.043 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% INFLUENZA VACCINE, CHOOSE NOT TO 07:24.043 --> 07:26.279 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TAKE THE COVID-19 VACCINE, WHAT 07:26.279 --> 07:29.482 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% KINDS OF SITUATIONS ARE WE 07:29.482 --> 07:32.084 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SETTING OURSELVES UP FOR? 07:32.084 --> 07:33.286 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> I THINK WE HAVE TO PREPARE 07:33.286 --> 07:35.221 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% FOR A REALITY WHERE AT LEAST 07:35.221 --> 07:37.156 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% HALF OF ADULTS MAY NOT GET THE 07:37.156 --> 07:38.558 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% COVID VACCINE, SIMILAR TO THE 07:38.558 --> 07:39.926 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SAME HALF OF ADULTS WHO DON'T 07:39.926 --> 07:41.928 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% GET THE INFLUENZA VACCINE. 07:41.928 --> 07:43.696 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE NEED TO PREPARE FOR IT. 07:43.696 --> 07:45.198 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AND WHAT I MEAN BY THAT IS, 07:45.198 --> 07:47.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE NEED TO INSTITUTE UNIVERSAL 07:47.300 --> 07:49.135 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PROTECTIONS FOR EVERYBODY. 07:49.135 --> 07:50.870 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THE GOVERNMENT HAS TO ENABLE ALL 07:50.870 --> 07:52.472 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% AMERICANS TO WEAR MASKS. 07:52.472 --> 07:53.873 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% IT HAS TO MAKE TESTING AVAILABLE 07:53.873 --> 07:56.275 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% TO ALL AMERICANS ROUTINELY-- 07:56.275 --> 07:58.144 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% NOT JUST ONCE,ROUTINELY--SO 07:58.144 --> 08:00.246 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT AS FOLKS' EXPOSURES CHANGE, 08:00.246 --> 08:01.481 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THEY ALSO CAN CHANGE HOW THEY 08:01.481 --> 08:02.949 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% MOVE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, SO 08:02.949 --> 08:04.517 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT THEY DON'T RISK INFECTING 08:04.517 --> 08:05.418 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OTHERS. 08:05.418 --> 08:06.953 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE ALSO HAVE TO PROVIDE INCOME 08:06.953 --> 08:07.787 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SUPPORTS. 08:07.787 --> 08:09.288 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% WE NEED ANOTHER FEDERAL RELIEF 08:09.288 --> 08:10.890 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PACKAGE SO THAT FOLKS CAN SAFELY 08:10.890 --> 08:12.091 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STAY HOME FROM WORK IF THEY'RE 08:12.091 --> 08:13.559 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SICK, AND SO THAT FOLKS CAN 08:13.559 --> 08:15.294 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% STILL PAY THEIR RENT AND STAY IN 08:15.294 --> 08:17.330 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% SEPARATE LIVING FACILITIES SO 08:17.330 --> 08:20.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THAT THEY DON'T, AGAIN, EXPOSE 08:20.900 --> 08:22.368 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% OTHERS, POTENTIALLY. 08:22.368 --> 08:23.302 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> Sreenivasan: ALL RIGHT. 08:23.302 --> 08:24.804 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% DR. RHEA BOYD, PEDIATRICIAN AND 08:24.804 --> 08:25.771 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% PUBLIC HEALTH ADVOCATE. 08:25.771 --> 08:27.039 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING US. 08:27.039 --> 08:28.174 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% >> THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR HAVING 08:28.174 --> 08:32.174 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% ME.