WEBVTT
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On the next NatureScene,
we visit
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Denali National Park
and Preserve in Alaska.
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Sampling the variety
of habitats there.
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Taking a close look at large
mammals along the way
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and seeing Mount McKinley,
the highest point
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in North America.
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(ocean waves)
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Naturescene is made possible
in part by a grant
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from Santee Cooper:
committed to protecting
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and enhancing the environment
by introducing green power,
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electricity produced
from renewable sources,
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and by the Corporation
for Public Broadcasting
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and by viewers like you,
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members of the ETV Endowment
of South Carolina.
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♪
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[cardinal chirping]
♪
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♪
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[rattlesnake rattling]
♪
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♪
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[prairie dog yipping]
♪
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♪
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Hello and welcome
toNatureScene
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at Denali National
Park and Preserve
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in the Alaskan wilderness
between Anchorage and Fairbanks.
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I'm Jim Welch with
naturalist Rudy Mancke.
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We're beginning our visit
on Stony Hill Overlook
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in one of the last great
wildernesses in the world.
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It feels good to get away
from what man's doing,
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see what nature
is all about...
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the wilderness is
the perfect place!
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The road gives
you access,
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so we're going to see
a great variety of plant
and animal communities,
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but it's the geology that
bringslotsof people here.
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Young mountains...that's what
makes it so spectacular!
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The one they want to see--
usually it's not so clear--
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is Mount McKinley.
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There it is rising
in the distance...
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20,320 feet
above sea level.
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The only word that comes
to mind isspectacular!
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The Athabaskans called it
Denali,the "High One."
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That mountain isthemountain
in all of North America
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and one of the
greatest in the world!
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It's an interesting
part of the Alaskan
range of mountains
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that were uplifted beginning,
maybe, 60 million years ago
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because rock was being
added to what is now Alaska.
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That's been going on
formillionsof years.
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There's a fault zone that allows
the rock to be shoved up.
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Once it came up, glacial
ice began to work with it...
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not just in Ice Age
times but even today.
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You can see the snow
cover and ice fields
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and get a feeling
for glacial activity
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carvingthe mountain
away slowly
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and leaving signs of
glacial activity down here
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where larger glaciers
used to be.
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We'll look
at that later.
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20,320 feet
above sea level
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and covered with ice
and snow all the year!
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It's over a granite
base, I guess.
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It's basically granite rock
that's been shoved up.
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It's interesting how
plants and animals
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have come into this situation
and made adjustments.
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I think this will be
a wonderful visit!
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♪
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Most of the park
is very wild,
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but around headquarters, there
are a few interpretive trails.
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This is Savage
Cabin Trail,
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close to the beginning
of the park road.
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You can look at
boreal forest,
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or taiga forest
sometimes this is called,
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dominated in
here by spruces.
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A white and black spruce
mixing and matching in here.
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They are the dominant
coniferous trees.
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Then willows
everywhere you look!
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There are 28 or more species
of willows in Alaska.
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When you think of willows,
you think of a tree coming up.
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There's one
with fruit.
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Male flowers on one tree...
female flowers on another.
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That had female flowers
earlier in the year.
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There are shrubby
and small species here
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that, hopefully,
we'll look at.
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Another plant...
looks like birch leaf.
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One of the
dwarf birches.
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Resin birch is one
of the common names.
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Doesn't get much larger...
always a shrubby plant.
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Eventually when
the trees die out--
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that's the dominant
woody species
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in some of
the tundra here.
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I also see
interesting leaves...
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compound leaves
on lupine.
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It flowered earlier
in the year.
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There's a bit
of fruit on there.
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Then one flower left on
a plant that's widespread...
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shrubby cinquefoil
is the common name.
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Interesting leaves...
and then yellow flower.
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One of them
left in place!
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How do they make it through
just a few months growing
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and then prepare
for winter?
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You've got to form
fruitvery quickly.
05:25.366 --> 05:27.700 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Look at this arctic
ground squirrel!
05:27.700 --> 05:30.533 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
You hope the ground squirrel
doesn't take fruit
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that you've laid up
for next year.
05:33.033 --> 05:35.366 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
That's the common
ground squirrel.
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That's the only one
digging burrows
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and finding food
this time of year.
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In a hurry because
winter is on the way!
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There's a bird that fits
perfectly into this habitat.
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It has to have trees,
and people are helpful.
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Gray jay is one
common name.
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Overall gray color,
bit of dark on the head.
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Camp robber is
a good name also.
05:58.633 --> 06:01.633 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
It comes around people,
takes food whenever it can.
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I'm sure it's waiting
for us to drop something.
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♪
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This was originally
Mount McKinley National
Park, opened in 1917.
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Then in 1980, they tripled
the size to 6 million acres
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and named it Denali.
06:23.133 --> 06:27.800 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
This is the first time
we've seen something
common here...tundra.
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Usually this is
called moist tundra.
06:30.466 --> 06:34.566 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
The dwarf birches
are also here,
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but there aren't any
trees to speak of.
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Few individuals
but not many!
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Tundra, by definition, is
plants growing above tree line.
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Tree line here is
about 2700 feet.
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There are all sorts of
interesting things here.
06:49.766 --> 06:52.766 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Crowberry is one of
them, hugging the ground.
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Black fruit on it,
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and that fruit provides
food forlotsof animals.
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You see it's
dominant.
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Also blueberry
close by!
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Those would be tasty
right now for humans,
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as well as other
creatures.
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One of the decomposers...
the mushrooms are coming in.
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Most of the body underground--
there's the reproducing body.
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Animals take
advantage of that too.
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Of course,
the lichens...
07:18.166 --> 07:21.166 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
combination of an alga
and a fungus.
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Sometimes that variety is
referred to as reindeer lichen
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because it does serve as
food for reindeer or caribou,
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especially in
the winter months.
07:31.533 --> 07:34.533 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Look out here...
on the hillside!
07:34.533 --> 07:37.866 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
There's an animal that's
going to take the berries
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and change them
into grizzly bear!
07:39.866 --> 07:42.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Unbelievable animal!!
07:42.200 --> 07:45.533 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
The hump on the back...
it's very easy to identify.
07:45.533 --> 07:48.266 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
Big, broad face
on that thing,
07:48.266 --> 07:53.433 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
and facedown taking fruit and
changing it into grizzly bear.
07:53.433 --> 07:56.433 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
This time of year, that's
what it's hitting hard.
07:56.433 --> 07:58.433 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
It's not taking
many animals.
07:58.433 --> 08:00.433 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
They come in
all colors too!
08:00.433 --> 08:02.933 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
That one blonde
and light-colored.
08:02.933 --> 08:06.700 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
They can weigh 600, 650
pounds...the biggest ones!
08:06.700 --> 08:11.033 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
You can see the long winter
hair coming into the coat.
08:11.033 --> 08:15.033 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
That'll keep it warm for
a bit into the colder months,
08:15.033 --> 08:17.600 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
which are
on the way.
08:17.600 --> 08:19.600 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
You can see him
working now.
08:19.600 --> 08:21.600 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Interesting side
view as he walks.
08:21.600 --> 08:23.600 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
Look at him
moving along!
08:23.600 --> 08:26.633 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Plantigrade movement,
walking on the heels,
08:26.633 --> 08:29.466 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
the bottoms of the
feet, like we do.
08:29.466 --> 08:32.966 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
One of the omnivores...it does
take plant and animal material.
08:32.966 --> 08:36.633 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
This time of yearfeasting
on blueberries and crowberries.
08:36.633 --> 08:38.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Magnificent creature!
08:38.633 --> 08:41.633 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Where else are you
going to see this?
08:41.633 --> 08:45.033 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
This is a place where
you can get close enough,
08:45.033 --> 08:48.633 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
yet we're giving it
a good bit of distance.
08:48.633 --> 08:50.966 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
The other animal you'd
expect, though...
08:50.966 --> 08:53.633 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
a moose, a cow,
and a calf!
08:53.633 --> 08:56.400 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Down in the willows...
little lower, wetter area.
08:56.400 --> 08:58.733 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Willows...the main
food for the moose?
08:58.733 --> 09:01.400 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
That's one of the
things they feed on.
09:01.400 --> 09:03.400 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
They'll get out
in water sometimes
09:03.400 --> 09:07.166 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
and take softer,
gooey plant material.
09:07.166 --> 09:09.500 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Willow this time
of year is fine.
09:09.500 --> 09:13.166 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Look on the slope...
a couple of male caribou!
09:13.166 --> 09:15.966 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
The size of the racks...
really impressive!
09:15.966 --> 09:18.300 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
They look like
they're out of velvet.
09:18.300 --> 09:21.300 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Those racks could weigh
as much as 25 pounds.
09:21.300 --> 09:23.300 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
Those are
healthy animals
09:23.300 --> 09:25.633 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
and considered nomads
in the animal world
09:25.633 --> 09:28.966 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
because they travel so
much in search of food.
09:28.966 --> 09:32.333 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
They're taking plant material
and changing it into caribou.
09:32.333 --> 09:34.666 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
Those are large
individuals!
09:34.666 --> 09:44.566 align:left position:50% line:11% size:40%
♪
09:44.566 --> 09:47.566 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
There are 6 million acres
in Denali National Park.
09:47.566 --> 09:50.433 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
All of it is
subarctic region.
09:50.433 --> 09:52.433 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
This is really
interesting!
09:52.433 --> 09:55.333 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
Dry tundra is
a good name for it.
09:55.333 --> 09:57.666 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
This time of
year it's chilly,
09:57.666 --> 10:01.333 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
but really it's chilly
any time of the year.
10:01.333 --> 10:03.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
The red is nice!
10:03.333 --> 10:06.433 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Arctic bearberry is
the common name for that.
10:06.433 --> 10:09.766 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
A brilliant red this time
of the year...scarlet red.
10:09.766 --> 10:13.366 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
This seems to be one area
where it really dominates.
10:13.366 --> 10:16.500 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Mountain harebell is
so typical of this area.
10:16.500 --> 10:18.500 align:left position:42.5% line:77% size:47.5%
Hugging
the ground!
10:18.500 --> 10:21.100 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
Doesn't get
up very high.
10:21.100 --> 10:23.100 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
Leaves low
to the ground
10:23.100 --> 10:25.433 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
and a big, blue
bell-shaped flower,
10:25.433 --> 10:27.433 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
although it's
turned up.
10:27.433 --> 10:30.933 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Most harebells tilt
down but not that one.
10:30.933 --> 10:33.566 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
What's the plant
that has fruit?
10:33.566 --> 10:35.566 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
Well, fuzzy
fruit on it.
10:35.566 --> 10:38.833 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
The woody plant there
is one of the willows.
10:38.833 --> 10:42.333 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
We've already talked about how
diverse willows are in Alaska.
10:42.333 --> 10:44.533 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
That's one of
the dwarf willows.
10:44.533 --> 10:46.533 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Those are catkins
sticking up
10:46.533 --> 10:49.533 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
that used to be female
flowers, now fuzzy fruit.
10:49.533 --> 10:52.566 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
In a breeze like this,
fuzzy fruit gets blown.
10:52.566 --> 10:54.566 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
That's the way
it gets spread.
10:54.566 --> 10:56.700 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
That's a
dominant plant.
10:56.700 --> 10:59.700 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Another one with
a few fuzz tops...
10:59.700 --> 11:02.033 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
common name,
mountain avens.
11:02.033 --> 11:04.033 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
Dryasis
the genus name.
11:04.033 --> 11:06.100 align:left position:42.5% line:77% size:47.5%
It's in
the rose family.
11:06.100 --> 11:08.433 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
The fuzz on
the top here
11:08.433 --> 11:11.100 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
gets blown around
by the wind.
11:11.100 --> 11:14.433 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
One other plant...
wormwood is the common name.
11:14.433 --> 11:17.233 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
If you crush those
leaves, very aromatic!
11:17.233 --> 11:19.566 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Early humans here
must have enjoyed that
11:19.566 --> 11:21.566 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
and used it
medicinally.
11:21.566 --> 11:23.766 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
You can see
the old flower,
11:23.766 --> 11:27.333 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
really early
fruit on the top.
11:27.333 --> 11:29.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Look right here!
11:29.000 --> 11:34.333 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
I can't believe that red fox
coming out of the willows
as if we're not here!!
11:34.333 --> 11:37.633 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
I guess fox are used
to people going by.
11:37.633 --> 11:40.300 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
You can see dark
booties on it,
11:40.300 --> 11:42.633 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
white on the tail,
slender body.
11:42.633 --> 11:45.633 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
One of the carnivores
that seems to do nicely.
11:45.633 --> 11:48.566 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Takes arctic ground
squirrel and recycles it,
11:48.566 --> 11:51.233 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
even picking up dead
ones along the road.
11:51.233 --> 11:54.366 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
That one looks in good
shape...small, though.
11:54.366 --> 11:56.366 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Nice animal!
11:56.366 --> 12:00.100 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Beautifulred color and
getting ready for winter.
12:00.100 --> 12:02.100 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
I suppose so.
12:02.100 --> 12:03.733 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
[no audio]
12:03.733 --> 12:05.733 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
Wayup on
the hill, Rudy,
12:05.733 --> 12:08.066 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
tiny specks of white
most visitors see...
12:08.066 --> 12:10.066 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Dall sheep.
12:10.066 --> 12:12.100 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
That's the inspiration
for this park!
12:12.100 --> 12:14.433 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Charles Sheldon came
here to study them...
12:14.433 --> 12:16.433 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
only white sheep
in the wild.
12:16.433 --> 12:17.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Isn't that nice?
12:17.766 --> 12:21.500 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Used to be called white
sheep but now Dall sheep.
12:21.500 --> 12:25.433 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Those are ewes and lambs,
females and young ones.
12:25.433 --> 12:27.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
Females have horns.
12:27.433 --> 12:31.266 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Horns are on both sexes
in sheep and goats.
12:31.266 --> 12:34.200 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
One's rubbing its chest
against the green.
12:34.200 --> 12:36.200 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Look at that...
12:36.200 --> 12:39.033 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
sort of with her
front legs under.
12:39.033 --> 12:41.033 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
There are groups
of them there!
12:41.033 --> 12:43.033 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
They're probably
taking the greenery
12:43.033 --> 12:45.966 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
and making
sheep out of it.
12:45.966 --> 12:48.566 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
A few resting right
on the ridgeline.
12:48.566 --> 12:50.766 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
That must be
a nice view!
12:50.766 --> 12:54.833 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
They're protected...
I guess the habitat
is how they live.
12:54.833 --> 12:56.833 align:left position:42.5% line:77% size:47.5%
Yeah...
spectacular animal!
12:56.833 --> 12:59.033 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
Not bothering
the slippery rocks!
12:59.033 --> 13:01.966 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Rocks that would easily
go under our feet,
13:01.966 --> 13:03.966 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
they have no problems
with them...
13:03.966 --> 13:05.966 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
perfectly adjusted
to that.
13:05.966 --> 13:07.966 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
This place
is exciting!
13:07.966 --> 13:09.966 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
Glaciers had
a hand in things.
13:09.966 --> 13:12.300 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Look at the kettle
pond out there!
13:12.300 --> 13:14.633 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
We're going to
see lots of those...
13:14.633 --> 13:18.300 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
a chunk of ice left behind
when the glacier retreated,
13:18.300 --> 13:22.300 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
and then it melted, filled
the space, and forms ponds.
13:22.300 --> 13:24.633 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
The views...
oh, my goodness!!
13:24.633 --> 13:27.966 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Way off in the distance,
a bit of everything!
13:27.966 --> 13:36.766 align:left position:50% line:11% size:40%
♪
13:36.766 --> 13:40.766 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
Walking across tumbled
rock now at 3,000
feet above sea level.
13:40.766 --> 13:43.000 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
This valley floor
is broad.
13:43.000 --> 13:45.666 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
It's home to a
very young river
13:45.666 --> 13:48.000 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
making its way
wherever it wants.
13:48.000 --> 13:50.333 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Slowly rearranging
the world.
13:50.333 --> 13:54.100 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
The water right now is
very dirty-looking, silty,
13:54.100 --> 13:56.433 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
carrying bits
and pieces of rock,
13:56.433 --> 13:58.766 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
eventually,
I guess, to the sea.
13:58.766 --> 14:02.033 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
We're walking on
a big, old gravel bar.
14:02.033 --> 14:05.633 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
What kinds of rock do
you figure is in here?
14:05.633 --> 14:08.633 align:left position:40% line:71% size:50%
A mix...
igneous, metamorphic,
sedimentary rock.
14:08.633 --> 14:11.300 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
Rounded, a lot
of it, by water.
14:11.300 --> 14:15.766 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
That's what has sculpted
this part of the world,
as it does everywhere...
14:15.766 --> 14:17.766 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
water, either
as a liquid,
14:17.766 --> 14:20.433 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
like the water
flowing by in the river,
14:20.433 --> 14:22.433 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
or as a solid,
the ice,
14:22.433 --> 14:26.100 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
the glacial activity that
has gone on in the past
14:26.100 --> 14:29.100 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
and made quite a
difference in this place.
14:29.100 --> 14:33.100 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
I'll bet thousands of tons
of crushed gravel and sand
14:33.100 --> 14:35.466 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
go down this
river every year.
14:35.466 --> 14:37.800 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
Nature is never
in a hurry.
14:37.800 --> 14:41.566 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
As Lauren Isley used to say,
"There's power in raindrops."
14:41.566 --> 14:44.900 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
It's fun to watch
the cloudy water go by
14:44.900 --> 14:49.633 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
and turn around and see the
mountains from whence it came.
14:49.633 --> 14:56.633 align:left position:50% line:11% size:40%
♪
14:56.633 --> 15:00.100 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Denali has about 350,000
visitors every year,
15:00.100 --> 15:04.433 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
but I doubt many make their
way down to the edge of this.
15:04.433 --> 15:06.500 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
What a scene
this is!!
15:06.500 --> 15:08.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
This is so nice!
15:08.500 --> 15:12.033 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80%
It gives a change of perspective
on that braided river.
15:12.033 --> 15:14.700 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
You can see the
braidlook to that.
15:14.700 --> 15:17.366 align:left position:42.5% line:77% size:47.5%
Look at
the caribou!
15:17.366 --> 15:20.033 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
Half a dozen or
so...small herd.
15:20.033 --> 15:22.033 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
Those are
all males.
15:22.033 --> 15:25.466 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
This time of year males are
segregated from females.
15:25.466 --> 15:28.433 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
The antlers are
pretty nice-sized.
15:28.433 --> 15:30.600 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
One of them,
scratching around...
15:30.600 --> 15:34.066 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
maybe trying to clear off
a place and lie down
15:34.066 --> 15:37.033 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
where there's more moisture
and it'll be cooler.
15:37.033 --> 15:40.533 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
Once there were
herds of 30,000 or
so within Denali...
15:40.533 --> 15:42.700 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
now just a few
thousand animals.
15:42.700 --> 15:45.033 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
Those are great
ones to see!
15:45.033 --> 15:49.933 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Some pretty good-sized
animals...older individuals.
15:49.933 --> 15:51.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Look at the bear!
15:51.933 --> 15:56.433 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Mama bear with a baby on
the side, looking for food!
15:56.433 --> 16:00.966 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Going from clump to clump
trying to find fruit, probably,
16:00.966 --> 16:03.366 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
on some of
the shrubs.
16:03.366 --> 16:06.033 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
What might they find
on the river bottom?
16:06.033 --> 16:09.366 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
That would be a good
place for soapberry.
16:09.366 --> 16:11.500 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
Then finding
invertebrates
16:11.500 --> 16:14.033 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
and any animal material
they can get.
16:14.033 --> 16:16.533 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Since they're omnivores,
they'll take everything.
16:16.533 --> 16:19.533 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
How long will the cub
stay with the mother?
16:19.533 --> 16:21.533 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
Well, I guess
it varies.
16:21.533 --> 16:24.466 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
A year or so would
probably make sense.
16:24.466 --> 16:26.800 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
I'm not sure of
the specifics,
16:26.800 --> 16:30.200 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
but once they're tough enough,
they're on their own.
16:30.200 --> 16:32.866 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
That's a pretty
good-sized cub!
16:32.866 --> 16:34.200 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
What a scene!
16:34.200 --> 16:37.333 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
It's always great to see
the animals of Denali,
16:37.333 --> 16:39.666 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
and peopledowhen
they come here.
16:39.666 --> 16:43.000 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
The other thing is the
geology that's so powerful!
16:43.000 --> 16:44.600 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Look at it!
16:44.600 --> 16:49.000 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
All of the material in
the lower valley area
are glacial deposits,
16:49.000 --> 16:51.300 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
really, probably,
an outwash plain.
16:51.300 --> 16:54.633 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Glaciers used to come
down and fill this area.
16:54.633 --> 16:59.300 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
One way we know that is that
16:54.633 --> 16:59.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
st
uckin some of that material--
16:59.300 --> 17:01.633 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
look at the
glacial erratics!
17:01.633 --> 17:03.800 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
Bigrocks
and boulders!
17:03.800 --> 17:06.600 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
How long ago would
they have been dropped?
17:06.600 --> 17:09.933 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Probably in the end
of the Ice Age times
17:09.933 --> 17:13.166 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
when mountain glaciers
were still coming down here,
17:13.166 --> 17:15.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
12,000 or so years ago.
17:15.500 --> 17:19.100 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Bigger than a house,
that one, and very angular!
17:19.100 --> 17:22.100 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
Left behind as
glaciers went away.
17:22.100 --> 17:24.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Look in the valleys.
17:24.100 --> 17:27.866 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
U-shaped valleys up on
the mountains...typical
of glacial activity!
17:27.866 --> 17:30.800 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Glaciers perched
up there now,
17:30.800 --> 17:32.800 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
but they're
in retreat.
17:32.800 --> 17:36.800 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
You can see the U-shaped valley
clearly, the ice at the top.
17:36.800 --> 17:40.800 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
Imagine when this whole valley
was filled with glaciers
17:40.800 --> 17:43.866 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
coming down, meeting,
and going down the river.
17:43.866 --> 17:46.866 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
New rivers, and they
go where they want to!
17:46.866 --> 17:49.533 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Braided river...
a good common name.
17:49.533 --> 17:53.600 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
You really see it best
from a higher elevation.
17:53.600 --> 17:55.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Look right there!
17:55.600 --> 17:58.733 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Gyrfalcon is the common
name for that thing.
17:58.733 --> 18:01.400 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Looks almost like
a peregrine falcon.
18:01.400 --> 18:04.900 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
Diving down and zooming up
over to the ridge beyond.
18:04.900 --> 18:07.233 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Spectacular bird
in flight!
18:07.233 --> 18:10.400 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
It feeds on other birds,
mainly ptarmigan.
18:10.400 --> 18:13.400 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
They nest here,
and believe it or not,
18:13.400 --> 18:16.333 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
actually a
year-round residence.
18:16.333 --> 18:19.766 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Here comes something
that will hibernate here.
18:19.766 --> 18:22.600 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
A hoary marmot...
look at that monster!
18:22.600 --> 18:24.600 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
A rodent?
18:24.600 --> 18:26.600 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
Oh, yeah,
it's a rodent.
18:26.600 --> 18:29.900 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Those big incisors are
typical of the rodents.
18:29.900 --> 18:31.566 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Just moving up.
18:31.566 --> 18:34.100 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
Hoary because
of that whitish look,
18:34.100 --> 18:37.100 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
at least on the front
part of the body.
18:37.100 --> 18:38.766 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Grizzled look.
18:38.766 --> 18:42.766 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
That's the marmot, or
the ground hog variety,
18:42.766 --> 18:44.866 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
that's doing
nicely here.
18:44.866 --> 18:46.866 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Vegetarian.
18:46.866 --> 18:51.100 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
There goes a gyrfalcon--
could be the same one!
18:51.100 --> 18:54.433 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
There are a number of them
on this little outcrop.
18:54.433 --> 18:57.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Very fast flyers!
18:57.100 --> 18:59.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
There goes the marmot!
18:59.100 --> 19:02.433 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
He hears talking, doesn't
seem to mind moving up.
19:02.433 --> 19:06.766 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
The back of the animal is a
good bit darker than the front
19:06.766 --> 19:09.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and then that bushy tail.
19:09.433 --> 19:19.900 align:left position:50% line:11% size:40%
♪
19:19.900 --> 19:22.900 align:left position:45% line:71% size:45%
(Jim)
We're just off
the 90-mile park road
19:22.900 --> 19:25.500 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
that takes visitors
up to Wonder Lake
19:25.500 --> 19:29.066 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
and gives you a look at
many different habitats.
19:29.066 --> 19:31.766 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
This area
is wetter.
19:31.766 --> 19:34.333 align:left position:42.5% line:71% size:47.5%
(Rudy)
Kind of squishy
as we're walking.
19:34.333 --> 19:37.600 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Some little kettle ponds
with water standing...
19:37.600 --> 19:39.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and look what comes!
19:39.600 --> 19:42.366 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Lesser scaup is the
duck that's common...
19:42.366 --> 19:45.700 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
purplish-looking head,
light-colored eye,
19:45.700 --> 19:48.733 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
a lot of white
on the back.
19:48.733 --> 19:53.066 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
You can figure beavers
have rearranged some
of these kettle ponds.
19:53.066 --> 19:57.066 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
There's a beaver lodge on
the back side of that one.
19:57.066 --> 19:59.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Look at them working!
19:59.066 --> 20:01.066 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
So many migrate
through here.
20:01.066 --> 20:03.266 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
They're only here
for the summer?
20:03.266 --> 20:05.266 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
Yeah, and head
away pretty soon.
20:05.266 --> 20:07.733 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
A duck out there
called the oldsquaw...
20:07.733 --> 20:10.533 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
long-tailed duck now
is the common name.
20:10.533 --> 20:13.200 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
In the male, there'd
be a long tail.
20:13.200 --> 20:15.866 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
See how much white
is on that bird?
20:15.866 --> 20:20.533 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
Dark on the head, gray on the
throat, and black on the back.
20:20.533 --> 20:23.533 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Pretty good divers, using
situations like this...
20:23.533 --> 20:26.000 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
kettle ponds that
have been modified
20:26.000 --> 20:28.200 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
by the work
of beavers.
20:28.200 --> 20:30.866 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Kettle ponds came from
glaciers originally.
20:30.866 --> 20:34.666 align:left position:37.5% line:71% size:52.5%
Exactly...
we're always getting back
to the glacial story.
20:34.666 --> 20:38.333 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
We saw a moose earlier,
but look at the moose there!
20:38.333 --> 20:42.000 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
Look at the bull moose...
and look at the rack!
20:42.000 --> 20:44.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Look at the antlers!!
20:44.000 --> 20:48.000 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
That's a 1500- to 1800-pound
animal here at Denali!
20:48.000 --> 20:50.333 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
The largest
mammal up here!
20:50.333 --> 20:53.000 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
An odd-looking antler
on the left side.
20:53.000 --> 20:55.333 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
The antler is
a palmate antler.
20:55.333 --> 20:57.800 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
The one on the right
really spreads
20:57.800 --> 20:59.800 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
and has fingerlike
projections.
20:59.800 --> 21:02.800 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
The one on the left is
not developing properly.
21:02.800 --> 21:05.466 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
You can see a
hump on the back.
21:05.466 --> 21:08.333 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
He's taking willow and
changing them into moose.
21:08.333 --> 21:11.166 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
You get a feeling
for that long face.
21:11.166 --> 21:14.066 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
Largest deer
in the world!
21:14.066 --> 21:16.200 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Then that little
bell, that flap--
21:16.200 --> 21:18.400 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
dewlap sometimes
it's called--
21:18.400 --> 21:20.466 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
hanging down
from the throat.
21:20.466 --> 21:22.633 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
An animal that
says North Country!
21:22.633 --> 21:23.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Oh, yeah!
21:23.733 --> 21:26.733 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
Really long legs, although
you can't notice that.
21:26.733 --> 21:29.733 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
The willows are thick
where it's wetter.
21:29.733 --> 21:33.733 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
Another month or so,
he'll be looking for
a mate...rut season.
21:33.733 --> 21:37.400 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
Here's something you
don't normally see in
broad daylight...beaver!
21:37.400 --> 21:40.400 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
You can see the lodge
in the middle,
21:40.400 --> 21:44.033 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
and the beaver working around,
swimming, doing his thing.
21:44.033 --> 21:47.700 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
That's the largest rodent
in the United States.
21:47.700 --> 21:49.966 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
They really have
had an impact.
21:49.966 --> 21:52.700 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Look at the dam...
very nicely done!
21:52.700 --> 21:55.433 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
You figure he keeps
working all the time
21:55.433 --> 21:58.200 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
to make sure that
dam stays in place.
21:58.200 --> 22:00.200 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
Modified
kettle pond.
22:00.200 --> 22:01.866 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
We've seen
beaver dams,
22:01.866 --> 22:04.533 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
but it's rare to
see a beaver midday.
22:04.533 --> 22:06.200 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
That's a
nocturnal animal.
22:06.200 --> 22:09.566 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
There's that moose again...
little different angle.
22:09.566 --> 22:11.633 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
Gosh, that
thing is big!
22:11.633 --> 22:15.000 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
Imagine all the minerals it
takes to make those antlers.
22:15.000 --> 22:18.666 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
Producing two a year in the
males and then shedding them.
22:18.666 --> 22:22.933 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
The beaver is taking
a log and moving across...
22:22.933 --> 22:26.300 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
I bet figuring he's got
to shore up the dam.
22:26.300 --> 22:28.300 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
Oh, that's
interesting!
22:28.300 --> 22:30.633 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Folks come to see
animals at Denali,
22:30.633 --> 22:33.366 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
and we're looking at
beaver, a rare sight,
22:33.366 --> 22:35.700 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
and moose,
another rare sight!
22:35.700 --> 22:38.633 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
And a wonderful
Alaskan range!
22:38.633 --> 22:40.833 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Six-hundred mile
Alaska range!
22:40.833 --> 22:44.133 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70%
We're looking at some of
the most beautiful scenery,
22:44.133 --> 22:46.133 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
perhaps in all
of North America.
22:46.133 --> 22:49.966 align:left position:32.5% line:71% size:57.5%
Mount McKinley
is still obvious,
and that's amazing!
22:49.966 --> 22:52.366 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Glaciers and signs
of glacial activity...
22:52.366 --> 22:54.700 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
you can see the
streaking down there,
22:54.700 --> 22:59.466 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
the ice and the glacier
curving in the distance.
22:59.466 --> 23:02.933 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
Not all white now, covered
with lots of rock debris!
23:02.933 --> 23:06.166 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
Physical and chemical
weathering going on
in the rocks.
23:06.166 --> 23:09.366 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
The glacier's doing physical
weathering, rubbing them away.
23:09.366 --> 23:11.366 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
Then they
collapse down.
23:11.366 --> 23:14.266 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
One of the larger
glaciers...
23:14.266 --> 23:17.600 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Muldrow Glacier that
snakes its way out
23:17.600 --> 23:19.933 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
from beneath Mount
McKinley on around.
23:19.933 --> 23:21.933 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
It's dark on
the surface.
23:21.933 --> 23:24.266 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
The only way
you see the ice
23:24.266 --> 23:26.933 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
is when there's
an edge shoved up.
23:26.933 --> 23:28.933 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
See the ice...
pretty clear.
23:28.933 --> 23:31.700 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
That glacier, 30
to 35 miles long,
23:31.700 --> 23:34.333 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
winding through
the mountains
23:34.333 --> 23:37.400 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
from the base, 16,000
foot up at McKinley,
23:37.400 --> 23:39.966 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
but coming close
to the park road.
23:39.966 --> 23:42.800 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
It's interesting...
all these pretty colors!
23:42.800 --> 23:46.800 align:left position:15% line:77% size:75%
This is the time when colors
are beginning to come in.
23:46.800 --> 23:49.800 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
The willows and other
things are changing color.
23:49.800 --> 23:53.633 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Whatspectacular
scenery here!
23:53.633 --> 23:55.633 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
Most people
visiting the park
23:55.633 --> 23:58.633 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
don't get to see that
view of Mount McKinley.
23:58.633 --> 24:00.966 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Perhaps the greatest
mountain in the world
24:00.966 --> 24:03.333 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
when you consider
the vertical rise
24:03.333 --> 24:06.466 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
from a few thousand
feet up to 20,000.
24:06.466 --> 24:09.633 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
That's a 17-, 18,000-
foot vertical rise.
24:09.633 --> 24:12.633 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
It's nice to see it
with layers of clouds...
24:12.633 --> 24:15.300 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
see it sticking up
above everything else.
24:15.300 --> 24:19.266 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Those sharp edges speak
of young mountains.
24:19.266 --> 24:22.566 align:left position:45% line:71% size:45%
(Jim)
This has to be my
favorite national park
24:22.566 --> 24:26.433 align:left position:12.5% line:77% size:77.5%
because of the last frontier...
the wilderness, the animals.
24:26.433 --> 24:28.100 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
It's wondrous!
24:28.100 --> 24:30.533 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
It's a wilderness
that allows you access.
24:30.533 --> 24:32.533 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
That's one of
the nicest things!
24:32.533 --> 24:35.866 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
You can come in safely
and look at the world...
24:35.866 --> 24:38.033 align:left position:17.5% line:77% size:72.5%
the plants are interesting,
wonderful communities.
24:38.033 --> 24:40.700 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5%
Large mammals are close
enough to see behaving,
24:40.700 --> 24:42.700 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
and they don't
seem to mind.
24:42.700 --> 24:45.133 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Literally above and
beyond everything else!
24:45.133 --> 24:47.566 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Thepowerfulgeology
is unforgettable!
24:47.566 --> 24:51.266 align:left position:25% line:77% size:65%
Denali National Park
and Preserve in Alaska!
24:51.266 --> 24:53.666 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
Thanks for watching
and join us again
24:53.666 --> 24:56.133 align:left position:37.5% line:77% size:52.5%
on the next
NatureScene.
24:56.133 --> 25:01.033 align:left position:50% line:11% size:40%
♪
25:01.033 --> 25:07.033 align:left position:50% line:11% size:40%
♪
25:07.033 --> 26:10.800 align:left position:50% line:11% size:40%
♪