WEBVTT
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Rudy Mancke:Oregon's
Crater Lake National Park
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provides a view
of a collapsed volcano
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and lets us sample
plant and animal communities
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from the lowlands
to the rim of the crater...
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Next onNature Scene.
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A production of:
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Nature Sceneis made
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where protection and
improvement of our environment
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are equal in importance
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♪ Gentle Guitar Music ♪
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[captioning sponsored by the
U.S. Department of Education]
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♪ Gentle Guitar Music ♪
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Hello, and welcome
toNature Scene
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at Crater Lake National Park
in South Central Oregon.
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I'm Jim Welch with
naturalist Rudy Mancke
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and we're at one of the most
beautiful parks in the world
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but we're beginning our visit
here in a Ponderosa Pine Forest
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way below the level
of the lake.
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I think when you think
about Crater Lake
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you zero in on the lake--
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and certainly that's absolutely
glorious, and we'll see that--
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but this is a bigger
picture than that.
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We're going to start low--
about 5,000 feet or so--
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and work our way up
to the rim of the crater
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talking a little bit
about volcanoes--
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this is one of
the cascade volcanoes.
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It blew its top
a few thousand years ago
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and we're going to see how
that affected plants and animals
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that are even, you know,
living here today.
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Starting at the level
where one tree dominates
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and really, you can see it
around us here--
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good old Ponderosa Pine--
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sometimes called kind of
a yellow belly pine.
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You can take
a good look at that.
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It's all up overhead,
right in front of us.
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Well, people coming through
the south entrance to the park
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will see these great
ponderosa trees there...
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100 to 200 feet tall
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and cinnamon-colored
bark on them.
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(chuckling):
yeah. It's neat.
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Needles in bundles of three.
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All the pines have leaves
grouped together.
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And that's really second
only to douglas fir
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in lumber production,
uh, in the united states.
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You know what I love, Rudy?
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When you put your nose
up to it and smell
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it has that vanilla
smell to it.
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It does smell
a little like vanilla.
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These trees are not
shade-tolerant, though.
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I think you can look
all around us here
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among and underneath
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the Ponderosa Pines
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you see the little firs
coming up
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popping up
all over the place.
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They are shade-tolerant
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so they will eventually--
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unless man puts
his hand in this--
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actually get up
and shade out
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the Ponderosa Pines
that are overhead.
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Rudy, what's the understory
shrub all around us here?
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"snowbrush," Jim, is one
of the common names for it.
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Snowy-white flowers on it
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this time of year,
as you can see.
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The leaves are opposite
and really shiny...
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Uh, really, really shiny.
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And as you see,
like you said,
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it dominates
and look what it does--
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it attracts insects galore
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coming to get nectar and pollen
from those flowers.
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And when you have
the insects
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the predator/prey
relationship.
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There's the dragonfly
waiting for a meal.
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There is a larger insect
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that's not here for nectar,
not here for pollen.
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It's picking off insects
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that are coming to get
nectar and pollen.
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You can see he flies up,
grabs something, comes down
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and chews it up
and changes it into dragonfly.
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One insect changing
into another one.
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Isn't that amazing?
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What kind of a
dragonfly is it, Rudy?
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The old name for it
was the "ten-spot dragonfly."
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now it's referred to
as the "twelve-spot skimmer."
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I guess it depends
on who's counting.
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And look at the showy, red
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little delicate
flower down here.
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I love that.
Trumpet-shaped flower.
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"skyrocket" is one
of the common names for it.
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Some people consider that
one of the gilias--
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some other people put it
in other categories--
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but it is beautiful.
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Dry places like this,
absolutely perfect for it.
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We'll see many
birds here, too
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and there's a blackbird
on the bank there.
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And that's the common one
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in this part
of the United States.
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Very dark with
light-colored eye.
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"brewer's blackbird"
is the common name.
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You see it in open places,
in closed places
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and that even does well
around a lot of people.
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Well, it's mid-July
here in the park--
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mid-summer for
Crater Lake--
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and I know much of the
east rim is closed to snow
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but there's still
lots to see.
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Absolutely.
Let's get started.
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There are about 180,000
acres in the park
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and about five square
miles of pumice desert.
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We're walking over about 50 feet
of pumice right now... Pumice
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that came from the ancestral
mountain, Mount Mazama.
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It's interesting, you know,
we said a moment ago
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that we're going to be looking
at signs of volcanic activity
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and this pumice desert is
certainly a good sign of that.
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Also, from here you can see
what's called "Red Cones"
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sticking up
above everything else.
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That's a nice cinder cone.
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Look at that
reddish look to it.
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20,000-, 30,000-
year-old cone...
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And a little bit of snow
on there, so...
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Well, it's mid-summer here
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but snow exists around the
rim up there for a long time.
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Volcanic activity--
signs of it--
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all over the place.
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And then, really,
a nice view ahead of us
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of the edge of the rim
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we'll slowly but surely
work our way up there.
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That's Hillman Peak
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one of the higher points
around the crater itself
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and named for John
Wesley Hillman
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a prospector who discovered
the lake in 1853.
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Native Americans
had been here
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but when Hillman saw it,
he said it's deep-blue lake.
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That's all I can think of.
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We'll find out later.
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Yeah, that's
a neat view from here.
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All around us now,
you can see that material
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that really came down
the slopes of the volcano
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as something called
a "Glowing Avalanche."
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"Glowing,"
because it was hot--
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hot gases and puffed lava,
really, is what this is.
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Pumice is interesting material.
06:36.700 --> 06:38.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Let me get a little piece.
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So it went a long way
from Mazama itself.
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Oh, yeah. Just...
It's so lightweight.
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I mean, you can
toss it up very easily
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and some of this
is so lightweight
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that you can actually get it
to float on, uh, on water.
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This was once solid lava
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but it had a little bit
of water in it
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which became steam,
puffed it up
06:55.066 --> 06:57.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and then this thing
flowed down into position.
06:57.633 --> 06:58.966 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
And low in nutrients
06:58.966 --> 07:00.400 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5%
so any plants
that come in here
07:00.400 --> 07:01.933 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5%
are going to have
a rough time.
07:01.933 --> 07:04.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Well, a desert, you don't
usually think of...
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Not many plants can survive
07:05.533 --> 07:08.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and yet there are a few species
that really dominate here.
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The one that's most obvious
07:09.666 --> 07:11.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
is the one
with the big leaves
07:11.400 --> 07:12.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and "Newberry Knotweed"
07:12.766 --> 07:14.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
is one of the common
names for that.
07:14.666 --> 07:17.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Uh, named after a, uh,
a surgeon naturalist
07:17.366 --> 07:20.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that came with the army
out here in the 1850s.
07:20.266 --> 07:22.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
But you see the large leaves
and tiny little flowers
07:22.600 --> 07:24.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
typical of that
group of plants.
07:24.066 --> 07:25.833 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
A few others sticking
up here and there
07:25.833 --> 07:28.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and they exist, again,
on low moisture as well.
07:28.366 --> 07:29.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Yeah. Look at the Sandwort.
07:29.866 --> 07:32.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This is a good common name
for that one
07:32.033 --> 07:34.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
because the common name
is "Pumice Sandwort."
07:34.666 --> 07:36.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
many varieties of Sandwort.
07:36.366 --> 07:38.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This one is typical
of the pumice desert.
07:38.800 --> 07:40.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And then, I also see
one of the parsleys.
07:40.766 --> 07:43.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Sometimes that whole group--
and there are a number of them--
07:43.733 --> 07:45.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
are called "Desert Parsleys"
07:45.266 --> 07:47.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and you can see
flowers and fruit on it.
07:47.266 --> 07:48.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Leaves close to the ground.
07:48.633 --> 07:50.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Again, you don't want
to lose too much moisture
07:50.800 --> 07:53.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
because you don't get to gather
very much moisture here.
07:53.433 --> 07:55.133 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
A few trees starting
to invade, Rudy.
07:55.133 --> 07:56.266 align:left position:52.5% line:89% size:37.5%
What are these?
07:56.266 --> 07:57.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
These are lodgepole pines
07:57.833 --> 07:59.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that are just beginning
to come out.
07:59.900 --> 08:02.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Slowly but surely,
the soils change
08:02.000 --> 08:04.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and the climate
may change a little
08:04.066 --> 08:06.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and they'll be really producing
a forest here probably.
08:06.866 --> 08:09.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And that's really what we
want to look at next--
08:09.333 --> 08:11.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
lodgepole pine forest.
08:15.000 --> 08:18.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We're right next to the
Pacific Crest Trail here, Rudy
08:18.800 --> 08:22.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
that runs 2,600 miles from
Mexico all the way to Canada.
08:22.800 --> 08:25.766 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
33 miles of it pass
through the park here.
08:25.766 --> 08:30.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And walking through small--
here-- Lodgepole Pines.
08:30.033 --> 08:32.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
That is a dominant plant,
as we mentioned
08:32.566 --> 08:34.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
in this part
of the United States.
08:34.666 --> 08:36.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Well, it covers about
40% of the national park
08:36.900 --> 08:39.133 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and has to put up with
about 50 feet of snow.
08:39.133 --> 08:40.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Yeah, and there's
a little bit...
08:40.666 --> 08:42.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
You know, you can see
little patches of snow
08:42.800 --> 08:44.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
scattered around
here and there
08:44.266 --> 08:46.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but there used to be
a lot more snow here--
08:46.533 --> 08:48.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
enough, really,
to cover these small trees.
08:48.800 --> 08:50.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Look over to the side there.
08:50.233 --> 08:52.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
You can see the angle
of those trees.
08:52.200 --> 08:53.666 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
Bent the young ones over.
08:53.666 --> 08:55.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Absolutely.
And again, these plants
08:55.533 --> 08:57.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
these young ones
are flexible enough
08:57.533 --> 08:58.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
to put up with that
08:58.733 --> 09:01.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
or they would not
be able to survive here.
09:01.066 --> 09:02.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
So snow is a factor
09:02.300 --> 09:04.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
as well as this
pumice-rich soil
09:04.066 --> 09:07.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
you know, that doesn't have
a whole lot of nutrients in it.
09:07.300 --> 09:09.866 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
You tell them by
their size and look?
09:09.866 --> 09:11.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Yeah, and two needles
per bundle
09:11.666 --> 09:13.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
if you get
a close look at them.
09:13.533 --> 09:16.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
I see these young ones all
around us here with new growth.
09:16.000 --> 09:17.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Look at the new growth
right on the tip, see?
09:17.900 --> 09:20.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
So they survived the winter
and are starting growing again
09:20.400 --> 09:22.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and the growing season here
is rather short.
09:22.633 --> 09:25.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
My grandmother used to call
those "candles" on the pines.
09:25.600 --> 09:27.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And then over here,
on a larger tree
09:27.500 --> 09:28.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
I see male cones.
09:28.733 --> 09:31.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And if you were to tap those
with your finger
09:31.133 --> 09:33.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
pollen would come
out of those male cones
09:33.400 --> 09:35.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and then, of course,
female cones there
09:35.400 --> 09:37.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
that used to have fruit in it.
09:37.033 --> 09:38.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Those are old ones.
09:38.333 --> 09:39.766 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
The bird up here
in the tree.
09:39.766 --> 09:41.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Flicker right there.
09:41.066 --> 09:43.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Northern Flicker right there--
no doubt about it.
09:43.666 --> 09:45.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Sometimes... Used to be called
09:45.300 --> 09:47.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
the "Red-Shafted Flicker"--
neat bird.
09:47.300 --> 09:48.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Very clearly a,
a woodpecker.
09:48.966 --> 09:50.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
No doubt about that.
09:50.266 --> 09:51.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And then on the ground
over here
09:51.933 --> 09:56.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
very common-- everybody knows,
you know, the American Robin.
09:56.166 --> 10:00.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Widespread species,
doing nicely here, too.
10:00.166 --> 10:02.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
These lodgepole pines
are interesting.
10:02.000 --> 10:03.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
They can be skinny;
they can be big;
10:03.733 --> 10:05.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
they... They roll
with the punches
10:05.400 --> 10:08.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
so to speak, and I think that's
why they're so widespread.
10:08.500 --> 10:10.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Let's keep going.
10:17.066 --> 10:18.833 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
The park dates back to 1902
10:18.833 --> 10:22.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and there's so many roads and
lookouts throughout the park
10:22.600 --> 10:25.266 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
to let you enjoy the
work of Mount Mazama
10:25.266 --> 10:28.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
which exploded with
100 times greater force
10:28.200 --> 10:30.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
than Mount Saint Helens.
10:30.166 --> 10:31.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This is probably
part of that.
10:31.633 --> 10:33.566 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
Well, yeah, there's
no doubt about that
10:33.566 --> 10:35.633 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
and what a beautiful
view here
10:35.633 --> 10:39.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
because of the work of
water, uh, after the fact.
10:39.100 --> 10:41.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Look at the waterfall in
the distance over there.
10:41.733 --> 10:43.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Carving away the rock.
10:43.433 --> 10:46.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Slowly but surely, going
through these volcanic deposits
10:46.200 --> 10:47.800 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
and making a really
nice valley
10:47.800 --> 10:49.200 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
and as you come down
10:49.200 --> 10:51.533 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
look at that beautiful,
wet meadow down there.
10:51.533 --> 10:53.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And the spire shapes
on those trees
10:53.333 --> 10:54.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
must be sub-alpine firs
10:54.733 --> 10:56.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
with the wetter region
down there.
10:56.566 --> 10:58.366 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
I think it's
interesting from here
10:58.366 --> 11:00.000 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5%
since the creek's
done the work
11:00.000 --> 11:02.066 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
to see at least
three different layers
11:02.066 --> 11:03.733 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
of volcanic deposits.
See that?
11:03.733 --> 11:06.000 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
Real thick layer of
gray at the bottom
11:06.000 --> 11:08.633 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
and then brown, then
gray again at the top.
11:08.633 --> 11:10.933 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
That material must
have been laid down
11:10.933 --> 11:12.966 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
then steam...
And other gasses
11:12.966 --> 11:16.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
coming up from below
actually stuck together--
11:16.733 --> 11:18.766 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5%
fused some of the
volcanic debris--
11:18.766 --> 11:20.700 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5%
forming something
that was harder
11:20.700 --> 11:22.566 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
than all the
material around it.
11:22.566 --> 11:24.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
So it eroded
and left pinnacles.
11:24.500 --> 11:28.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Absolutely. Differential
weathering ends up giving you
11:28.166 --> 11:29.633 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
spires like that in a
situation like this.
11:29.633 --> 11:31.500 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
Really, the work
of the creek
11:31.500 --> 11:33.900 align:left position:55% line:83% size:35%
is what's made
it so obvious.
11:33.900 --> 11:35.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Beautiful setting, Rudy
11:35.033 --> 11:36.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and look at the small
birds down here.
11:36.833 --> 11:38.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Now, they've got
just a few months
11:38.433 --> 11:39.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to raise a brood
this summer.
11:39.833 --> 11:41.333 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
Yeah, those are
Pine Siskins.
11:41.333 --> 11:42.866 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Sharp, pointed little beak
11:42.866 --> 11:44.633 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
and lots of streaks
on the birds.
11:44.633 --> 11:46.433 align:left position:47.5% line:83% size:42.5%
Male and female
look a lot alike.
11:46.433 --> 11:48.466 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
A little bit more
yellow on the male.
11:48.466 --> 11:51.400 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
But that is a neat animal
right there in front of us
11:51.400 --> 11:52.900 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
not even minding the fact
11:52.900 --> 11:55.500 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
that we're standing
here looking.
11:55.500 --> 11:58.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
There are so many beautiful
views here already
11:58.000 --> 12:00.333 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
and we're not even
at the top yet.
12:03.433 --> 12:05.333 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
There are 90
miles of trails
12:05.333 --> 12:07.966 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
throughout crater
lake national park.
12:07.966 --> 12:10.066 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
This is the
godfrey glen trail
12:10.066 --> 12:13.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
and it takes us through
another grove of conifers.
12:13.666 --> 12:17.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Yeah. This is really dominated
by, uh, Mountain Hemlock
12:17.633 --> 12:19.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and one of the firs.
12:19.466 --> 12:23.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It looks like, really,
sub-alpine fir in here, Jim.
12:23.133 --> 12:25.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
They get to be fairly large.
12:25.166 --> 12:27.733 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
So many conifers, it
is truly conifer land.
12:27.733 --> 12:30.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Yeah. And really, it's easy
to tell the difference
12:30.800 --> 12:33.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
between the two if you
look at the leaves.
12:33.433 --> 12:35.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The Mountain Hemlock
right here
12:35.400 --> 12:38.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
with leaves coming off
all around that stem.
12:38.200 --> 12:41.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
You see that right in front
of us there on the small one?
12:41.133 --> 12:43.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
See the... Look in there--
to be quite flexible
12:43.500 --> 12:45.333 align:left position:50% line:77% size:40%
to bend with the
snow, I guess.
Yeah.
12:45.333 --> 12:46.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And then, these
tall ones in here
12:46.966 --> 12:48.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
looks like
sub-alpine fir to me.
12:48.566 --> 12:51.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
All the needles are coming out
on the side of the branch
12:51.433 --> 12:55.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and curving up instead of coming
out all around t branch.
12:55.400 --> 12:58.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The firs have cones
that stick straight up
12:58.200 --> 13:01.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and fall apart, so you can't
really look at that
13:01.766 --> 13:04.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but here's one
of the, uh, cones...
13:04.300 --> 13:06.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Of the, uh,
Mountain Hemlock
13:06.333 --> 13:08.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and we can take
a close look at it.
13:08.200 --> 13:10.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It's small cone
compared to the pine cones
13:10.600 --> 13:12.066 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
that we're used to seeing.
13:12.066 --> 13:13.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Yeah, and the pines,
you know
13:13.600 --> 13:15.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
would have little spines
on the, uh...
13:15.666 --> 13:17.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
On the ends of those scales.
13:17.166 --> 13:18.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
There's no spines on this one.
13:18.800 --> 13:21.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And this Mountain Hemlock
has such a big cone, though
13:21.600 --> 13:23.300 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
compared to the other Hemlocks.
13:23.300 --> 13:25.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Western Hemlock
or eastern Hemlock
13:25.100 --> 13:27.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
would have a cone about,
oh, one-fifth or less
13:27.600 --> 13:28.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
the size of this one
13:28.866 --> 13:31.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and you can see those
scales are wide open
13:31.300 --> 13:33.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and all the seed
have been shed.
13:33.133 --> 13:35.666 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Small cones, Rudy, but
the Mountain Hemlock
13:35.666 --> 13:37.200 align:left position:47.5% line:77% size:42.5%
is a big tree.
Oh, absolutely.
13:37.200 --> 13:39.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
There are a lot of big ones
all around us.
13:39.066 --> 13:40.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Movement right here.
13:40.133 --> 13:41.333 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
Oh, the flash of blue.
13:41.333 --> 13:42.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
The conifer right there.
13:42.700 --> 13:43.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Steller's Jay.
13:43.700 --> 13:45.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Lot of gray on that, too
13:45.100 --> 13:47.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
up toward the front,
and that big crest
13:47.100 --> 13:49.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
very, very obvious
for that species here
13:49.166 --> 13:51.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
looking for a meal, I guess.
13:51.133 --> 13:52.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
There are good scavengers
13:52.933 --> 13:57.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
at all levels in this, uh...
In this National Park.
13:57.666 --> 14:00.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
These Hemlocks love
a little extra moisture.
14:00.433 --> 14:02.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
There's a waterfall nearby.
14:02.166 --> 14:04.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Let's take a look
at that next.
14:10.566 --> 14:14.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
The rim drive takes you 33
miles around the old volcano
14:14.333 --> 14:17.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and gives you opportunity
to see many good things
14:17.733 --> 14:19.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
including water cascading.
14:19.566 --> 14:22.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This one-- over 100 feet
down the, uh, old lava.
14:22.500 --> 14:24.066 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
That is amazing,
isn't it?
14:24.066 --> 14:25.633 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
Really, snow
melt, I guess
14:25.633 --> 14:28.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
is what's responsible
for most of this.
14:28.033 --> 14:30.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Maybe there's a spring
associated with it, too
14:30.833 --> 14:33.966 align:left position:40% line:71% size:50%
but you can see the
difference
the water makes,
Jim.
14:33.966 --> 14:35.433 align:left position:62.5% line:83% size:27.5%
Look at all
the greenery
14:35.433 --> 14:37.033 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
right along
the slot, there
14:37.033 --> 14:38.300 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30%
and slowly
but surely
14:38.300 --> 14:40.200 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
wearing away this
volcanic rock
14:40.200 --> 14:42.900 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
even though it's, you
know, very, very hard.
14:42.900 --> 14:44.233 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
That's interesting.
14:44.233 --> 14:46.400 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
And look at the
plants that come in.
14:46.400 --> 14:47.766 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
You know that one.
14:47.766 --> 14:49.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This is, uh, Elderberry
here in front of us, right?
14:49.833 --> 14:51.233 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Yeah, Pacific
Red Elderberry...
14:51.233 --> 14:52.633 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
Clusters of
flowers on it
14:52.633 --> 14:55.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and, then, it'll have red
fruit a little bit later...
14:55.200 --> 14:57.200 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Leaves that are
compound and opposite.
14:57.200 --> 15:00.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Boy, that-that little, uh,
shrub always loves to grow
15:00.033 --> 15:02.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
in places that have a
little extra moisture
15:02.100 --> 15:03.366 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
and that's a
dead giveaway
15:03.366 --> 15:04.800 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
that there's more
moisture here.
15:04.800 --> 15:06.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Well, that's
a widespread plant
15:06.266 --> 15:08.233 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
but what about some
of these others?
15:08.233 --> 15:09.433 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30%
They, uh...
15:09.433 --> 15:11.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Thers perhaps, what,
a lupine over here.
15:11.566 --> 15:13.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It's one of the lupines
coming up
15:13.400 --> 15:15.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but quite
a few varieties here
15:15.066 --> 15:16.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
some very tall,
some rather short.
15:16.966 --> 15:19.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Uh, you can see
those typical leaves on it
15:19.333 --> 15:21.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, then,
the pea-shaped flowers.
15:21.233 --> 15:22.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
It's a member
of the pea family
15:22.933 --> 15:25.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but very widespread,
uh, in the park.
15:25.033 --> 15:28.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Stickseed is here, too,
with the bluish flowers on it.
15:28.000 --> 15:29.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
That's kind of
an amazing plant.
15:29.733 --> 15:31.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Looks a little bit
like forget-me-not
15:31.766 --> 15:34.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but the seed would have
spine sticks on them
15:34.233 --> 15:36.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
so, "stickseed" is
the common name.
15:36.233 --> 15:39.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
You see there are clumps
of them scattered all around
15:39.266 --> 15:42.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, then, every time
I think of spring
15:42.066 --> 15:43.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
I think of spring beauty
15:43.833 --> 15:46.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and that is
western spring beauty
15:46.233 --> 15:49.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
with flowers on
after the snow goes away
15:49.500 --> 15:51.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and things warm up
a little
15:51.700 --> 15:53.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and it comes up and pops.
15:53.833 --> 15:56.000 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
And even though
this is mid-July
15:56.000 --> 15:58.366 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
it is spring here
in the Cascades.
15:58.366 --> 15:59.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Look at the Casin's Finches.
15:59.633 --> 16:01.466 align:left position:57.5% line:77% size:32.5%
Oh, yeah.
See him right here?
16:01.466 --> 16:02.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Streaked a lot.
16:02.466 --> 16:03.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Big beak on that bird
16:03.766 --> 16:06.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, then, the male has
that red on the top.
16:06.466 --> 16:07.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Casin's Finches.
16:07.933 --> 16:10.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
(chuckling): My goodness,
that's a neat animal
16:10.766 --> 16:12.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and typical, now,
of the park
16:12.533 --> 16:14.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
you find them
pretty widespread
16:14.400 --> 16:16.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
often associating
with people.
16:16.233 --> 16:18.700 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
This land was shaped
by fire and ice.
16:18.700 --> 16:22.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Let's head up to the rim
and see the lake itself.
16:22.066 --> 16:23.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
All right.
16:33.233 --> 16:36.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
We're well over 7,000
feet now, on the rim trail
16:36.533 --> 16:38.300 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
and, yet, once
upon a time
16:38.300 --> 16:40.500 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
we would've had
a long way to go
16:40.500 --> 16:41.900 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
to get to the summit
16:41.900 --> 16:44.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
of that Ancestral
Mountain, Mount Mazama.
16:44.733 --> 16:46.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Yeah, i-it's
an amazing story
16:46.466 --> 16:48.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
when you think
about what happened here
16:48.733 --> 16:51.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and that's why views
like this are possible.
16:51.433 --> 16:53.700 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
I mean, this was
a major occurrence--
16:53.700 --> 16:56.233 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
a large volcano that
was much taller here
16:56.233 --> 16:58.700 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
one of the ones that
usually gets called
16:58.700 --> 17:01.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
a "stratovolcano" or
a "composite volcano"
17:01.333 --> 17:03.000 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
made of many
layers of flow
17:03.000 --> 17:05.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and, then, about
7,700 years ago or so
17:05.933 --> 17:07.866 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
magma came up from below
17:07.866 --> 17:10.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
and slowly began to
erode away or erupt
17:10.900 --> 17:12.733 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
knocking down the sides
17:12.733 --> 17:15.800 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
slowly but surely,
slowly but surely...
17:15.800 --> 17:19.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Hot material coming out,
going down the sides...
17:19.533 --> 17:21.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
Also going up in the air.
17:21.566 --> 17:24.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
In fact, that ash covered
half a million square miles.
17:24.766 --> 17:26.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
It was a great eruption.
17:26.200 --> 17:29.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Yeah, and, then, finally,
there was no more magma
17:29.133 --> 17:30.866 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
no more liquid
rock beneath it
17:30.866 --> 17:32.333 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
to support
what was above
17:32.333 --> 17:33.900 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
and it collapsed
on itself.
17:33.900 --> 17:35.733 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
It's a caldera,
and you can see
17:35.733 --> 17:37.600 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
the circular look
of this thing.
17:37.600 --> 17:39.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Uh, later, of course,
filled with water
17:39.900 --> 17:41.366 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30%
from rain or
snow, right?
17:41.366 --> 17:43.100 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
And, then, after
that collapse
17:43.100 --> 17:45.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
you see the volcanic
activity has continued.
17:45.733 --> 17:48.400 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
There's Wizard Island
right in front of us...
17:48.400 --> 17:50.233 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
Little cinder cone.
17:50.233 --> 17:52.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And Wizard Island
is deceiving
17:52.000 --> 17:54.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
because, from this height
and distance
17:54.333 --> 17:56.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that island is
about a mile across
17:56.366 --> 17:57.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
and about 800 feet tall.
17:57.833 --> 18:00.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Those trees at the base,
about 800 years old.
18:00.533 --> 18:03.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
So, it's hard to conceive
how big it really is.
18:03.433 --> 18:04.733 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
Yeah, yeah,
this is just...
18:04.733 --> 18:06.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
It's-it's absolutely
an unbelievable view
18:06.766 --> 18:08.533 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
and, really, also,
you get a chance
18:08.533 --> 18:09.966 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
just to look to the side
18:09.966 --> 18:12.066 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
and see some of
that volcanic rock.
18:12.066 --> 18:13.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
A lot of this is Andesite
18:13.900 --> 18:16.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
named after the Andes
mountains in South America
18:16.866 --> 18:18.933 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
where the same kind
of rock occurs
18:18.933 --> 18:21.266 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
and, again, you can
have the same kind
18:21.266 --> 18:24.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
of volcanic activity there
that you do, um, here
18:24.233 --> 18:27.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
and, of course, the plants
have made a comeback.
18:27.233 --> 18:29.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And it's probably five
or six miles across
18:29.633 --> 18:31.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
to the other side
at various points.
18:31.600 --> 18:32.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
What...
There's, uh
18:32.666 --> 18:34.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
something coming
out of the water.
18:34.466 --> 18:35.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
That's lava,
I suppose.
18:35.733 --> 18:37.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
"Phantom Ship" is what
that's called now
18:37.933 --> 18:39.133 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
because of the shape
18:39.133 --> 18:41.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
but, yes, that's a...
That's a little bit
18:41.300 --> 18:43.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
of a-a lava flow,
vertical flow of lava
18:43.466 --> 18:45.500 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
that's harder than
material around it
18:45.500 --> 18:47.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
and so, as the other
material erodes away
18:47.733 --> 18:49.500 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
it sticks out
like a sore thumb.
18:49.500 --> 18:51.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
You can see the little
tour boat going
18:51.733 --> 18:53.866 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
between it and-and
the caldera wall.
18:53.866 --> 18:55.100 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30%
That's neat.
18:55.100 --> 18:57.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Rudy, this is said to be
some of the cleanest
18:57.066 --> 18:59.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and purest lake water
in the whole world
18:59.033 --> 19:01.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and yet I see
something yellow floating
19:01.000 --> 19:02.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
on the surface
down there.
19:02.266 --> 19:03.966 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
And that's got
to be pollen.
19:03.966 --> 19:06.200 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
You remember those
male cones we saw
19:06.200 --> 19:07.800 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
in the pine
trees earlier?
19:07.800 --> 19:09.233 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
That's a result
of a lot
19:09.233 --> 19:11.666 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
of pollen not going
to the female cones
19:11.666 --> 19:13.333 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
but ending up
in the water.
19:13.333 --> 19:16.166 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And, then, mount scott
in the distance, there
19:16.166 --> 19:17.433 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
with some snow on it
19:17.433 --> 19:20.033 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
and clouds beginning
to, uh, to cover it.
19:20.033 --> 19:21.633 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
This is an
amazing place--
19:21.633 --> 19:24.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
a geological story that's
very, very exciting
19:24.466 --> 19:25.833 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
and, you know, really
19:25.833 --> 19:28.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
this is the deepest lake
in the united states.
19:28.733 --> 19:30.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
1,932 feet
at the deepest point
19:30.833 --> 19:33.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, Rudy,
the seventh deepest lake
19:33.233 --> 19:34.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
in the world.
19:34.733 --> 19:36.233 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30%
What a view.
19:40.033 --> 19:41.566 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
William Gladstone Steel
19:41.566 --> 19:43.500 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
gave his life
and his fortune
19:43.500 --> 19:45.233 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
to insure that
crater lake
19:45.233 --> 19:47.333 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
would become
a National Park...
19:47.333 --> 19:48.866 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Worked long and hard and
19:48.866 --> 19:52.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
I think millions of Americans
can be thankful for it.
19:52.566 --> 19:54.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Well, there are
so many great views
19:54.766 --> 19:57.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
around the edge, here,
and this is spectacular.
19:57.733 --> 19:59.566 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
Wind picking up
a little bit.
19:59.566 --> 20:00.966 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
Oh, my goodness.
20:00.966 --> 20:04.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Get as close as we can to
that blue water in the lake
20:04.066 --> 20:05.233 align:left position:50% line:89% size:40%
and, then, again
20:05.233 --> 20:06.733 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
Wizard Island
sticking up
20:06.733 --> 20:08.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
out of the, uh,
out of the water.
20:08.733 --> 20:10.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
You know,
it would be good
20:10.300 --> 20:12.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to talk about
"why is the lake so blue?"
20:12.733 --> 20:15.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and it does change at times,
depending on the sky.
20:15.800 --> 20:17.933 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Oh, absolutely, and
it's in a sense
20:17.933 --> 20:19.733 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
a reflection of
the blue sky--
20:19.733 --> 20:22.133 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
that's part of it--
but light goes down
20:22.133 --> 20:23.800 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
and this is a
very deep lake
20:23.800 --> 20:25.700 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
and you end up
with blue coming
20:25.700 --> 20:27.833 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
back to see you
out of the spectrum
20:27.833 --> 20:30.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
but that is nice, with
the cinder cone, there
20:30.600 --> 20:32.166 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
and look at all the snow.
20:32.166 --> 20:34.300 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Really, there's a
lot of snow still
20:34.300 --> 20:36.666 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
on that side of the,
uh, of the crater
20:36.666 --> 20:40.233 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
and really even,
a little snow field
right below us, here.
20:40.233 --> 20:41.733 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
That's kind of nice.
20:41.733 --> 20:44.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And the wind blowing up
from the lake
20:44.100 --> 20:46.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
up across, uh,
actually could be 1,000 feet.
20:46.933 --> 20:50.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
The rim itself is from 500
to 200... To 2,000 feet.
20:50.266 --> 20:52.133 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
You know, when
you look at snow
20:52.133 --> 20:53.566 align:left position:60% line:83% size:30%
I'm reminded
of the fact
20:53.566 --> 20:55.633 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
that there were
glaciers here once
20:55.633 --> 20:57.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
leaving their signs
on this volcano
20:57.766 --> 20:59.366 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
before the top
was removed.
20:59.366 --> 21:01.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
You can see a beautiful
glacial valley.
21:01.833 --> 21:04.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Look at that u-shaped valley
right across the way.
21:04.900 --> 21:06.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Cut in half.
21:06.266 --> 21:09.066 align:left position:30% line:77% size:60%
Signs of a glacier...
Valley glacier
that cut it
21:09.066 --> 21:11.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and, then, again, rock
was removed from here
21:11.733 --> 21:12.900 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
and put elsewhere
21:12.900 --> 21:14.600 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
and a little bit
of the sign
21:14.600 --> 21:16.766 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
of that glacial
activity, uh, left.
21:16.766 --> 21:18.600 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
Gosh, that is a
beautiful view
21:18.600 --> 21:21.100 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
and, again, lots of
pollen on the water.
21:21.100 --> 21:22.933 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Look at the plant
right down here
21:22.933 --> 21:24.800 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
that's producing
pollen now, too.
21:24.800 --> 21:27.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Oh, that's beautif...
That's the Western Pasqueflower?
21:27.866 --> 21:29.233 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
Western Pasqueflower...
21:29.233 --> 21:31.466 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Blowing in the
breeze a little bit.
21:31.466 --> 21:33.833 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
You can see those
interesting leaves.
21:33.833 --> 21:36.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
That is a spectacular
plant, commonly seen.
21:36.566 --> 21:38.633 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
You see it scattered
around here
21:38.633 --> 21:40.933 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
along with that...
"Spreading Flocks"...
21:40.933 --> 21:42.833 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
Is the common name
for this thing
21:42.833 --> 21:44.100 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
or "Alpine Flocks."
21:44.100 --> 21:46.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
we're really kind of in
a subalpine zone here.
21:46.900 --> 21:48.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
That's a typical plant.
21:48.433 --> 21:52.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
And, then, the trees all around
us here are white bark pine.
21:52.200 --> 21:53.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
That's a special tree
21:53.566 --> 21:56.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
because they put up
with such winds...
21:56.000 --> 21:57.633 align:left position:57.5% line:77% size:32.5%
Oh, boy.
And such elements
21:57.633 --> 22:00.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and twist in the, uh,
in the elements.
22:00.066 --> 22:01.300 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
Yeah. Look at thi...
22:01.300 --> 22:03.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Look at the golden
mantle ground squirrel
22:03.266 --> 22:04.300 align:left position:60% line:89% size:30%
down there.
22:04.300 --> 22:05.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Not a... Not a chipmunk,
no, no.
22:05.866 --> 22:07.266 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
No, no striping
on the face.
22:07.266 --> 22:08.700 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
So, it's not a
true chipmunk.
22:08.700 --> 22:10.066 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
One of the
ground squirrels
22:10.066 --> 22:11.633 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
but with the
golden shoulders.
So,
22:11.633 --> 22:14.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
"Golden Mantle Ground Squirrel,"
pretty good common name.
22:14.633 --> 22:16.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Now, that will hibernate
during the winter
22:16.766 --> 22:18.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and live out through
with a...
22:18.300 --> 22:20.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
A very slowed-down lifestyle,
for sure.
22:20.300 --> 22:23.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Look at the Clark's
Nutcracker down there, too
22:23.800 --> 22:27.233 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
named after the Clark
of Lewis-and-Clark fame
22:27.233 --> 22:28.900 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
and they love to come
22:28.900 --> 22:31.633 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
to the pine cones
on white bark pine
22:31.633 --> 22:33.933 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
and eat the-the,
uh, the seed.
22:33.933 --> 22:35.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
And spread them around
22:35.633 --> 22:39.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
through, uh, dropping seeds
and planting them, really.
22:39.800 --> 22:42.833 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Yeah. Look at the
big beak on that bird.
22:42.833 --> 22:44.966 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
One of the
scavengers, again
22:44.966 --> 22:47.566 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
taking advantage
of opportunities.
22:47.566 --> 22:50.466 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
So many wonderful
views at this place.
22:50.466 --> 22:54.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
Jim: when Hillman, a young
miner, first saw this lake in
22:54.700 --> 22:56.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
1853 trying to tell
others about it
22:56.866 --> 22:59.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
he said the views are
too great to describe.
22:59.966 --> 23:02.300 align:left position:42.5% line:83% size:47.5%
You have to see
it for yourself.
23:02.300 --> 23:04.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Well, I think he was
absolutely right.
23:04.400 --> 23:05.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
There's no doubt
about it
23:05.766 --> 23:08.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and every angle
that we've looked at it from
23:08.233 --> 23:09.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
it is amazing
and spectacular
23:09.866 --> 23:11.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, really,
it amazes me
23:11.300 --> 23:13.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that this was once
an active volcano
23:13.366 --> 23:15.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, now, we're able to come
over to the edge
23:15.966 --> 23:18.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and look at some of the rock
that, quite frankly
23:18.733 --> 23:21.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
gives us a glimpse
of the innards of the earth
23:21.400 --> 23:22.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that's come
to the surface.
23:22.933 --> 23:24.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
You can see the layering
down there
23:24.933 --> 23:26.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
very, very clearly,
in the rocks.
23:26.833 --> 23:28.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
This-this cone was built
over time
23:28.800 --> 23:30.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
with successive lava flows
23:30.333 --> 23:32.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, then, 7,700 years ago,
it was removed
23:32.733 --> 23:35.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and distributed somewhere else,
the collapse occurred
23:35.833 --> 23:38.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, of course,
all the plants and animals
23:38.233 --> 23:40.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
that were here then
were wiped out.
23:40.266 --> 23:42.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
But we've seen today,
they're coming back.
23:42.266 --> 23:44.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
We traveled through four
different forest types.
23:44.600 --> 23:46.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
You know,
it really is amazing
23:46.033 --> 23:47.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
the lake is wonderful
23:47.066 --> 23:48.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but the Ponderosa Pines,
you know
23:48.633 --> 23:50.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
were mighty exciting
down low
23:50.033 --> 23:51.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
before we even got up
this high
23:51.533 --> 23:53.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and the associated plants
and animals
23:53.333 --> 23:56.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, then, the pumice desert
was a lot of fun for me--
23:56.433 --> 23:58.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
different soils,
not a lot of water
23:58.400 --> 24:00.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but there were plants
surviving there.
24:00.600 --> 24:02.233 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
Lodgepole Pines
sneaking in.
24:02.233 --> 24:03.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
Sneaking in,
and, then, we got
24:03.933 --> 24:05.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
to see a Lodgepole
Pine Forest
24:05.633 --> 24:08.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and talk about that plant--
pretty widespread here--
24:08.633 --> 24:11.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
and, then, we got a chance
to get even higher up
24:11.366 --> 24:13.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
into the, uh,
mountain hemlock/fir zone...
24:13.766 --> 24:14.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
Totally different...
24:14.966 --> 24:17.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
And, then, finally,
the subalpine zone.
24:17.166 --> 24:18.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
I love the mix here.
24:18.366 --> 24:19.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
The geology, though
24:19.466 --> 24:21.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
is far and away
the most spectacular
24:21.533 --> 24:23.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but it's got
all those extras added.
24:23.200 --> 24:24.633 align:left position:50% line:83% size:40%
And it's hard
to believe
24:24.633 --> 24:26.733 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
that around the
turn of the century
24:26.733 --> 24:29.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
when this was being talked
about as a national park
24:29.866 --> 24:33.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
it had to be declared as
worthless land, of no value.
24:33.133 --> 24:35.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
Well, folks would
argue with that today
24:35.500 --> 24:37.900 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
right here at Crater
Lake National Park
24:37.900 --> 24:39.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
in South Central Oregon.
24:39.433 --> 24:41.400 align:left position:52.5% line:83% size:37.5%
You need to see
it for yourself.
24:41.400 --> 24:42.733 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
Thanks for watching
24:42.733 --> 24:45.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and join us again on
the nextNature Scene.
24:47.733 --> 24:51.733 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75%
[captioning sponsored by the
U.S. Department of Education
24:51.733 --> 24:55.733 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80%
captioned by:The Caption Center
WGBH Educational Foundation]
26:20.433 --> 26:23.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
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26:25.700 --> 26:28.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
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