WEBVTT 00:06.833 --> 00:20.833 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 00:20.833 --> 00:30.833 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 00:30.833 --> 00:40.833 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 00:40.833 --> 00:50.833 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 00:50.833 --> 01:01.400 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 01:01.400 --> 01:03.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% There are really two groups of animals 01:03.966 --> 01:05.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% that grab people's attention. 01:05.966 --> 01:09.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And I think these two groups get people's attention 01:09.000 --> 01:12.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because they're brightly colored and they're very active. 01:12.666 --> 01:16.633 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% They have wings, so they fly by: the birds and the butterflies. 01:16.633 --> 01:19.333 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% And we want to zero in on butterflies right now 01:19.333 --> 01:21.333 align:left position:27.5% line:5% size:62.5% and talk about them a little bit, 01:21.333 --> 01:23.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% especially butterflies that are common 01:23.466 --> 01:25.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% within the boundaries of the United States. 01:25.933 --> 01:28.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% I guess one way to approach it is to put them 01:28.566 --> 01:30.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% in the right classification scheme. 01:30.800 --> 01:32.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% They belong to the animal kingdom. 01:32.933 --> 01:35.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The next level down in classification 01:35.166 --> 01:37.300 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50% is called a phylum. 01:37.300 --> 01:39.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And the phylum that they belong to 01:39.500 --> 01:42.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% is a group called the arthropods. 01:42.133 --> 01:45.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% If you break that word down,  arthro,joint,pod,leg, 01:45.333 --> 01:47.466 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% the joint-legged animals. 01:47.466 --> 01:49.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% these are animals with an exoskeleton, 01:49.600 --> 01:52.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% a hard, shell-like covering on the outside, 01:52.033 --> 01:54.033 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% and jointed legs. 01:54.033 --> 01:56.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And there are quite a few species 01:56.066 --> 01:58.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% that belong to this group, arthropods: 01:58.366 --> 02:00.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% the spiders, the crabs, 02:00.033 --> 02:03.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and also the group that the butterflies belong to, 02:03.600 --> 02:05.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and that's the class that they belong to, 02:05.900 --> 02:07.933 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% the insects, theInsecta. 02:07.933 --> 02:09.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Used to be called the hexapods 02:09.766 --> 02:12.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% because most insects have six legs, 02:12.300 --> 02:14.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% but now we call them insects. 02:14.400 --> 02:17.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Typical, three body parts in insects: 02:17.566 --> 02:21.300 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. 02:21.300 --> 02:24.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% On the head, you would always have a pair of antennae, 02:24.500 --> 02:26.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% a couple of compound eyes. 02:26.600 --> 02:30.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% On the thorax, you have usually six legs, 02:30.133 --> 02:33.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but there are a number of species of butterflies 02:33.066 --> 02:35.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% with only four legs, not six. 02:35.533 --> 02:38.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And then usually, of course, four wings is typical 02:38.400 --> 02:41.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% of butterflies and most of the other insects, 02:41.600 --> 02:44.133 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and then the large abdomen on the end. 02:44.133 --> 02:46.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Then insects can be broken down 02:46.000 --> 02:48.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% into the next level, called orders, 02:48.133 --> 02:50.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and the order that butterflies belong to 02:50.900 --> 02:53.066 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% is the order  Lepidoptera, 02:53.066 --> 02:55.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Lepidosmeans "“scale."” 02:55.166 --> 02:57.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% P-T-E-R-Ameans "“wing."” 02:57.333 --> 03:00.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The scale-winged insects, butterflies and moths. 03:00.333 --> 03:03.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Really, moths are more abundant than butterflies, 03:03.366 --> 03:05.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% but we're gonna be looking specifically 03:05.600 --> 03:07.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% at butterflies right now. 03:07.333 --> 03:09.200 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% So let's get started. 03:09.200 --> 03:11.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Big butterflies usually catch your eyes first. 03:11.866 --> 03:14.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The swallowtails are the real common butterflies 03:14.633 --> 03:17.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that get fairly large and sometimes puddle together. 03:17.666 --> 03:19.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This is the pipevine swallowtail, 03:19.766 --> 03:22.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% puddling, coming together to get a little moisture. 03:22.666 --> 03:24.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% You can see the tongue coming out, 03:24.633 --> 03:26.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% slurping up a little moisture, 03:26.600 --> 03:30.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and all that purple on the back of the hind wing and forewing. 03:30.233 --> 03:32.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The swallowlike tails give it the name. 03:32.500 --> 03:36.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% This is the caterpillar of the pipevine swallowtail, 03:36.233 --> 03:38.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% pretty incredible-looking animal, 03:38.133 --> 03:41.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% feeding on--snakeroot is one of the common names 03:41.033 --> 03:43.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% for the larval food plant, or birthwort. 03:43.600 --> 03:45.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Aristolochia is the genus name. 03:45.600 --> 03:48.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Changing plant into animal. 03:48.233 --> 03:50.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Isn't that incredible, watching it chew 03:50.666 --> 03:53.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% right along the edge of the leaf? 03:53.666 --> 03:56.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Pipevine swallowtails are pretty common 03:56.000 --> 03:59.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% around the eastern half of the United States, 03:59.033 --> 04:01.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% but caterpillars, it's amazing, 04:01.266 --> 04:04.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% the larval stage in the life cycle of that butterfly. 04:04.500 --> 04:06.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And this is the underside of the wing 04:06.700 --> 04:08.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% of the pipevine swallowtail. 04:08.333 --> 04:09.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Again, more purple there, 04:09.900 --> 04:14.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and little portholes of yellow on the side of the abdomen. 04:14.766 --> 04:16.366 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Legs out there, six legs, 04:16.366 --> 04:19.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% like insects would be expected to have. 04:19.666 --> 04:22.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Here's a spicebush swallowtail among them. 04:22.066 --> 04:25.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% You see a little light blue on the top of the hind wing, 04:25.233 --> 04:28.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% swallowlike tails and the same markings on the side, 04:28.233 --> 04:31.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but very, very different on the top and bottom. 04:31.033 --> 04:33.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Again, swallowtails get the name 04:33.066 --> 04:35.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% from those swallowlike tails sticking off. 04:35.966 --> 04:39.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And there's the pair of antennae with the bulges on the end. 04:39.500 --> 04:42.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Another swallowtail is really pretty widespread, 04:42.500 --> 04:44.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% the eastern tiger swallowtail. 04:44.500 --> 04:47.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The males are bright yellow with black stripes. 04:47.166 --> 04:49.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Females usually are a lot darker than that. 04:49.633 --> 04:51.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Again, here's one puddling at a puddle, 04:51.966 --> 04:53.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% standing water, wet ground, 04:53.966 --> 04:57.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% slurping up a little moisture and maybe some minerals too. 04:57.566 --> 05:00.533 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Larval food plant for this is tuliptrees. 05:00.533 --> 05:03.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It's the state butterfly of South Carolina 05:03.100 --> 05:05.133 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% and the state of Georgia. 05:05.133 --> 05:07.133 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% But pretty obvious. 05:07.133 --> 05:09.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Look at the back wings on this one. 05:09.166 --> 05:11.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Something has torn those wings. 05:11.233 --> 05:14.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Maybe it flew into something, or a bird took a bite out of it. 05:14.833 --> 05:16.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% That happens a lot to butterflies. 05:16.866 --> 05:18.866 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Then the zebra swallowtail 05:18.866 --> 05:21.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% with zebra striping on the wings, the long tails, 05:21.633 --> 05:23.800 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% sometimes called a kite swallowtail 05:23.800 --> 05:26.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% because it almost looks like tails on a kite 05:26.300 --> 05:27.900 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% sticking off the back. 05:27.900 --> 05:31.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% And you can see individual scales on the wing, 05:31.200 --> 05:33.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% which are pretty exciting, 05:33.366 --> 05:35.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and a little bit of red on the top. 05:35.500 --> 05:38.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% There would be a red stripe on the underside of the wing. 05:38.800 --> 05:40.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% But look at the fuzzy scales too. 05:40.966 --> 05:44.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% They look almost like hairs on the front part of the body. 05:44.300 --> 05:47.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% There are the pair of antennae with the bulge on the end 05:47.600 --> 05:50.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and those compound eyes that you would expect to see. 05:50.666 --> 05:53.733 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Zebra swallowtails love to live in low, wet places 05:53.733 --> 05:55.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% where the larval food plant grows. 05:55.700 --> 05:57.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And there it is, pawpaw. 05:57.633 --> 06:01.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% There is the caterpillar of the zebra swallowtail butterfly, 06:01.300 --> 06:04.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% with zebra striping on it, too, on the larval food plant. 06:04.533 --> 06:06.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% If you want to protect butterflies, 06:06.500 --> 06:08.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% you protect the larval food plants. 06:08.466 --> 06:10.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Greater variety of larval food plants, 06:10.800 --> 06:14.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you would have a greater variety of butterflies coming there. 06:14.366 --> 06:17.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% I just love the markings on that particular animal. 06:17.366 --> 06:19.400 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Then the great southern white. 06:19.400 --> 06:22.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% There are many whites, or sulphur butterflies. 06:22.033 --> 06:25.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% This one has a little blue on the tip of the antenna. 06:25.200 --> 06:28.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And this is one that's really in the lower Southeast, 06:28.266 --> 06:30.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and it comes up a little farther 06:30.333 --> 06:32.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% if the season is a little extra warm. 06:32.833 --> 06:36.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% These are Spanish needles, the flowers they're going to. 06:36.133 --> 06:37.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% That's a cluster of flowers, 06:37.733 --> 06:39.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% so the tongue goes into each flower, 06:39.866 --> 06:41.966 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% one at a time. 06:41.966 --> 06:45.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And nectar, of course, is energy that keeps '‘em flying. 06:45.200 --> 06:47.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And that energy originates in the sun, 06:47.500 --> 06:49.500 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% trapped by the plant, 06:49.500 --> 06:51.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% gets into the body of the butterfly. 06:51.700 --> 06:54.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The biggest yellow butterfly in the United States, 06:54.566 --> 06:56.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% the cloudless sulphur. 06:56.566 --> 06:59.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Long tongue going into those flowers, 06:59.000 --> 07:00.866 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and, again, six legs on it. 07:00.866 --> 07:04.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% A little bit of darker markings, but mainly all yellow. 07:04.200 --> 07:06.166 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% Cloudless sulphur. 07:06.166 --> 07:08.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% It doesn't have a lot of dark markings 07:08.533 --> 07:10.466 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% on the edge of the wing. 07:10.466 --> 07:12.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And you can see that tongue is long enough 07:12.866 --> 07:15.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% to go down into deep-throated flowers. 07:15.266 --> 07:18.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This one's easy to see because it's very, very active. 07:18.533 --> 07:22.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Sometimes in the Southeast, the population really explodes, 07:22.100 --> 07:25.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and it begins to migrate, oftentimes heading north. 07:25.766 --> 07:27.466 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% Look at that tongue, 07:27.466 --> 07:31.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% going way down the long throat of that tubular flower, 07:31.500 --> 07:34.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% getting nectar, and nectar is sugar. 07:34.000 --> 07:36.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Some butterflies are big and obvious. 07:36.100 --> 07:39.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Some are small, and this one, if it hadn't moved, 07:39.100 --> 07:41.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I don't think we would have seen it. 07:41.200 --> 07:44.233 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Out west, one of the blues, the acmon blue butterfly. 07:44.233 --> 07:48.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Look at the red on the underside and that silver, oh boy. 07:48.000 --> 07:50.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The black and the silver, incredible, 07:50.133 --> 07:54.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the markings on the antennae are typical of the blues. 07:54.400 --> 07:57.566 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Most of the blues are actually blue in color, 07:57.566 --> 07:59.400 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% but sometimes they are not. 07:59.400 --> 08:01.300 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% But you see the small size. 08:01.300 --> 08:04.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They often position themselves, open up the wings, 08:04.266 --> 08:07.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% get a little more energy from the sun to warm them up. 08:07.333 --> 08:10.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Look at the markings on the top of those hind wings 08:10.300 --> 08:13.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and that little bit of blue reflection on it too. 08:13.266 --> 08:16.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Tiny, little butterfly, probably as big as your thumbnail. 08:16.733 --> 08:19.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Of course, butterflies don't grow any bigger. 08:19.600 --> 08:22.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% When you see an insect with wings, 08:22.166 --> 08:25.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% you're looking at an adult insect almost all the time. 08:25.400 --> 08:28.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is the smallest butterfly, the pygmy blue butterfly. 08:28.633 --> 08:30.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% It doesn't have a whole lot of blue. 08:30.733 --> 08:32.600 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% It's more brown. 08:32.600 --> 08:34.500 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Antennae look about the same. 08:34.500 --> 08:36.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Wind's blowing it a little, 08:36.566 --> 08:39.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% but this is one that loves salty situations 08:39.900 --> 08:42.633 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% along the coast in the east and in the west, 08:42.633 --> 08:45.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and this is the western species in the salt flats out west. 08:45.966 --> 08:48.533 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And that butterfly is hard to believe, 08:48.533 --> 08:50.533 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% the small size of it, 08:50.533 --> 08:54.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% until you put something in there that you're familiar with 08:54.033 --> 08:57.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% to kind of give you a feeling for how small it is. 08:57.033 --> 08:59.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And this is on one of those salt bushes, 08:59.633 --> 09:02.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and that's my index finger going in. 09:02.366 --> 09:05.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Look at that tiny, little butterfly. 09:05.966 --> 09:09.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Of course, these butterflies, all of them we've looked at, 09:09.400 --> 09:12.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% as a general rule live about two weeks as an adult. 09:12.466 --> 09:15.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% There are exceptions to the rule, 09:15.200 --> 09:17.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% but the rule is a very short adult lifespan. 09:17.800 --> 09:20.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% One of the rarest blues, the Karner blue butterfly. 09:20.833 --> 09:23.000 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% We saw this one in Wisconsin. 09:23.000 --> 09:24.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Oh, look at the blue on the back. 09:24.933 --> 09:27.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Look at the markings on the top of the hind wing. 09:27.733 --> 09:30.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% These are incredibly beautiful animals, 09:30.066 --> 09:32.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and this one lays eggs on lupines. 09:32.100 --> 09:35.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Looks like a female with a large abdomen full of eggs 09:35.333 --> 09:39.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that she would deposit one at a time on lupine leaves. 09:39.433 --> 09:43.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Again, the connection with the larval food plant. 09:43.266 --> 09:47.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is one of those endangered species in the United States. 09:47.500 --> 09:50.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% What a beautiful animal, and just a small one. 09:50.700 --> 09:53.433 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% And the American copper, 09:53.433 --> 09:57.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% called that because of those coppery markings on the wings. 09:57.166 --> 10:00.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Gray otherwise, and then all of that bright color. 10:00.333 --> 10:03.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The coppers are widespread in the United States. 10:03.066 --> 10:07.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Not as diverse as the blues, but they're related to them, 10:07.333 --> 10:09.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and the antennae look a little bit alike. 10:09.933 --> 10:12.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% There again, compound eyes, a pair of antennae, 10:12.766 --> 10:16.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% head, thorax, abdomen, like you would expect on an insect. 10:16.333 --> 10:20.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% When you've got lots of flowers, you expect lots of butterflies, 10:20.166 --> 10:22.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and these are gulf fritillaries. 10:22.233 --> 10:24.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Boy, I love the orange color on the back, 10:24.600 --> 10:27.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% a little silver spotting on the top of the wing, 10:27.466 --> 10:29.466 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% but there are only four legs. 10:29.466 --> 10:31.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% There are quite a few of our butterflies 10:31.766 --> 10:33.233 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% that only have four legs. 10:33.233 --> 10:35.266 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% The front pair are vestigial. 10:35.266 --> 10:38.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% They're insects, but they only have four legs that function. 10:38.800 --> 10:40.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% There's that long tongue coming out. 10:40.933 --> 10:43.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Oh, this is a good view of the tongue 10:43.500 --> 10:45.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% going into that deep tubular flower, 10:45.900 --> 10:48.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and look at the colors on that animal. 10:48.133 --> 10:51.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Not a scale missing, so you would expect this animal 10:51.233 --> 10:53.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% would have emerged from a chrysalis recently. 10:53.900 --> 10:56.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% It hadn't been flying for a long, long time. 10:56.500 --> 10:58.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% But there it is, doing its work. 10:58.366 --> 11:01.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% A little bit of white edging on the wing is nice too, 11:01.666 --> 11:04.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and the silver spots on the underside of the wings, 11:04.766 --> 11:07.833 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% one of the most beautiful butterflies that we've got. 11:07.833 --> 11:11.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Variegated fritillary, doesn't have quite all the silver on it, 11:11.600 --> 11:14.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but that's that brown and yellow-orange look. 11:14.233 --> 11:17.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% You can see the antennae sticking up, usually autumn. 11:17.933 --> 11:21.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is probably an autumn field where this one was flying. 11:21.366 --> 11:24.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% But variegated fritillary is the common name for it. 11:24.666 --> 11:27.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Lays eggs on quite a variety of plants. 11:27.933 --> 11:31.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Sitting on a little flower called blue vervain. 11:31.800 --> 11:34.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Lots of flowers there, lots of nectar. 11:34.566 --> 11:38.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And here's one of the bigger butterflies called a fritillary, 11:38.266 --> 11:40.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the great spangled fritillary. 11:40.233 --> 11:42.500 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% There's that proboscis. 11:42.500 --> 11:45.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Look at the color in those compound eyes 11:45.333 --> 11:47.033 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% and the fuzz on the back. 11:47.033 --> 11:48.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% That's an amazing animal, 11:48.933 --> 11:51.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and, again, count the number of legs. 11:51.066 --> 11:52.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% There are only four here. 11:52.800 --> 11:54.900 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Quite a few of our butterflies 11:54.900 --> 11:57.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% really only have four functional legs. 11:57.233 --> 11:59.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% But look at the markings on the back of that. 11:59.866 --> 12:03.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Sitting on butterfly weed, which is one of the milkweeds. 12:03.466 --> 12:06.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Boy, that's attractive to butterflies, 12:06.033 --> 12:08.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% so the common name makes pretty good sense. 12:08.833 --> 12:11.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Up close and personal looks like this, 12:11.333 --> 12:14.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the fuzz on those little palps out front 12:14.166 --> 12:18.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and then those interesting reflections in the compound eye. 12:18.833 --> 12:21.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Oh, boy, nectar must taste really good. 12:21.166 --> 12:25.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And that's energy that, again, the plant produces. 12:25.433 --> 12:27.433 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% It draws insects, 12:27.433 --> 12:30.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and they oftentimes carry away pollen or pollen sacs. 12:30.433 --> 12:32.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Pearl crescent butterflies, pretty abundant, 12:32.933 --> 12:35.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% sharing this group of flowers with a little weevil. 12:35.866 --> 12:38.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Pearl crescent butterflies, really common, 12:38.433 --> 12:40.600 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% widespread all over the United States. 12:40.600 --> 12:42.866 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% Great number of varieties. 12:42.866 --> 12:46.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% They're feeding there, and this looks like a mating pair 12:46.100 --> 12:49.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that actually are still sticking together, clinging together. 12:49.766 --> 12:52.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Usually, the female is larger than the male. 12:52.400 --> 12:54.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And even in the breeze, holding on 12:54.533 --> 12:56.733 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and bouncing around just a little bit. 12:56.733 --> 12:58.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Markings on the antennae too, 12:58.400 --> 13:03.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% very much like the blues that we saw earlier, or the coppers. 13:03.333 --> 13:06.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And then this one is called a Texan crescentspot, 13:06.933 --> 13:10.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the eastern version of this, the Seminole crescent. 13:10.200 --> 13:13.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Not common in the Southeast, but scattered, 13:13.066 --> 13:14.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% just junk populations of them. 13:14.966 --> 13:18.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I love the bright white on the back of the wings. 13:18.200 --> 13:22.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% That white band is typical of the species. 13:22.933 --> 13:27.600 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 14:15.400 --> 14:18.933 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% thththththththththththththththt, thatLepidoptera,that order, 14:18.933 --> 14:22.033 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% is one of the four most common groups of insects, 14:22.033 --> 14:24.933 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% one of the four most common orders of insects, 14:24.933 --> 14:27.133 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% and I think I know why. 14:27.133 --> 14:29.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% All four of the top groups of insects 14:29.266 --> 14:33.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% carry on something called complete metamorphosis. 14:33.400 --> 14:35.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% You lay an egg, which develops into a larva, 14:35.933 --> 14:39.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% which forms a pupa, which becomes an adult. 14:39.200 --> 14:41.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% There are four stages of development, 14:41.566 --> 14:43.700 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and those stages are very different. 14:43.700 --> 14:46.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The egg is laid on the larval food plant. 14:46.266 --> 14:49.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's one of those connections that's interesting. 14:49.866 --> 14:52.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% If you like a diversity of butterflies, 14:52.133 --> 14:54.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% you want a diversity of larval food plants. 14:54.566 --> 14:57.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The female lays an egg on the proper plant. 14:57.000 --> 14:59.033 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% That develops into a larva, 14:59.033 --> 15:01.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% which in butterflies we call a caterpillar. 15:01.566 --> 15:03.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% They eat certain species. 15:03.566 --> 15:05.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Some of them are picky; others are not. 15:05.966 --> 15:08.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Finally, they form a pupa, a resting stage, 15:08.700 --> 15:11.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% which in a butterfly you would call a chrysalis. 15:11.666 --> 15:14.033 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And then big changes occur in that phase, 15:14.033 --> 15:17.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and then the adult butterfly comes out of that. 15:17.100 --> 15:19.333 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Caterpillar feeds on leaves. 15:19.333 --> 15:22.700 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5% The adult butterfly is a nectar feeder for the most part. 15:22.700 --> 15:25.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Mouthparts change; it gets wings. 15:25.000 --> 15:27.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It gets those antennae that we talked about. 15:27.533 --> 15:29.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The change that occurs in the chrysalis 15:29.733 --> 15:31.466 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% is really pretty incredible. 15:31.466 --> 15:34.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's like the rabbit-out-of-the-hat trick 15:34.100 --> 15:36.433 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% raised to the nth degree. 15:36.433 --> 15:38.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And then, of course, the adult butterfly 15:38.833 --> 15:42.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% is what we want to get back into right now. 15:42.300 --> 15:45.400 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Again, a butterfly getting a little bit of moisture. 15:45.400 --> 15:47.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% This one has a little, silvery comma shape 15:47.866 --> 15:49.766 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and then a space and a little dot 15:49.766 --> 15:51.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% on the underside of the hind wing. 15:51.733 --> 15:54.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Question mark butterfly is the common name for it. 15:54.666 --> 15:56.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Only four legs, as you see. 15:56.666 --> 16:00.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is one of those butterflies that overwinters as an adult 16:00.433 --> 16:03.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and are sometimes called anglewing butterflies. 16:03.366 --> 16:07.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Another close relative of that one is the mourning cloak. 16:07.133 --> 16:09.566 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% A cloak of mourning was worn in Europe, 16:09.566 --> 16:11.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% dark coat with a little yellow edging, 16:11.733 --> 16:14.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and that's the reason for the name of this animal. 16:14.700 --> 16:17.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In Europe, this is called the Camberwell beauty, 16:17.500 --> 16:20.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% but we call it the mourning cloak butterfly. 16:20.000 --> 16:21.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% It overwinters as an adult, too, 16:21.966 --> 16:25.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and comes out and feeds on sap that oozes out of trees. 16:25.133 --> 16:27.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% I think that's what's going on here. 16:27.233 --> 16:29.433 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% The head is down in this one. 16:29.433 --> 16:31.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% See the markings on the back. 16:31.500 --> 16:33.866 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Look at the purple on the back, 16:33.866 --> 16:37.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that brown, my goodness, and that yellow edging. 16:37.200 --> 16:39.200 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Picking up moisture out of mud. 16:39.200 --> 16:41.200 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Right along the Congaree River 16:41.200 --> 16:44.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% is where we were when this picture was taken. 16:44.566 --> 16:46.666 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% But isn't that interesting? 16:46.666 --> 16:50.200 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% These adult butterflies are fluid feeders for sure. 16:50.200 --> 16:52.100 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% And the red admiral butterfly. 16:52.100 --> 16:55.100 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% That red band on the wings, pretty typical. 16:55.100 --> 16:56.866 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Again, four legs. 16:56.866 --> 17:00.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Tongue out, so it must be getting moisture or liquid 17:00.266 --> 17:02.333 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% from something on the side. 17:02.333 --> 17:06.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And another one that looks a little like that red admiral-- 17:06.433 --> 17:09.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% matter of fact, thisisthe red admiral still. 17:09.733 --> 17:11.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It's got that red band across the top. 17:11.966 --> 17:15.333 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And now you can see the red on the top of the hind wing. 17:15.333 --> 17:18.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% It really is easily confused at this angle 17:18.566 --> 17:20.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% with a couple of other butterflies 17:20.933 --> 17:23.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% called the painted ladies. 17:23.166 --> 17:26.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% But that's the red admiral, and it looks very fresh. 17:26.700 --> 17:29.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Now, speaking of painted lady butterflies, 17:29.133 --> 17:32.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% this is one of those butterflies that's kind of interesting 17:32.666 --> 17:34.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% because of the color on the back, 17:34.600 --> 17:37.266 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% the color on the underside of the front wing, 17:37.266 --> 17:39.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and a pair of false eyespots. 17:39.333 --> 17:41.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% On the underside of the hind wing, 17:41.366 --> 17:44.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% there are eyespots that draw the predators' attention 17:44.366 --> 17:46.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% away from the body to the back. 17:46.500 --> 17:48.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The American lady is what it's called. 17:48.800 --> 17:51.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Used to be called the American painted lady. 17:51.300 --> 17:54.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% See those two eyespots on the underside of the hind wing 17:54.500 --> 17:58.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and that rouge-red color on the underside of the forewing, 17:58.500 --> 18:01.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% which always gives the name painted lady to it, 18:01.633 --> 18:03.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% but now known as the American lady. 18:03.700 --> 18:06.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% There's another one up close and personal. 18:06.266 --> 18:08.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% You see the pink on the forewing 18:08.366 --> 18:11.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and thosebigeyespots on the underside of the hind wing. 18:11.800 --> 18:13.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% And nectar, nectar, nectar. 18:13.800 --> 18:16.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% The one on top hasn't been flying 18:16.166 --> 18:18.500 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% as long as the one on bottom. 18:18.500 --> 18:20.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% This one has a number of eyespots, 18:20.933 --> 18:23.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% not just two big ones, but four or five. 18:23.700 --> 18:25.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And this is the painted lady butterfly, 18:25.900 --> 18:28.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and this species is in North America 18:28.300 --> 18:30.266 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5% and also in Europe 18:30.266 --> 18:33.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and does a little bit of migrating sometimes. 18:33.266 --> 18:36.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The buckeye butterfly, oh boy, that's beautiful. 18:36.166 --> 18:39.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Common buckeye butterfly, pretty incredible animal, 18:39.233 --> 18:42.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and pieces of the tail wings, hind wings missing, 18:42.266 --> 18:45.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% V-shaped, as if the bird grabbed it when the wings were together, 18:45.966 --> 18:49.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% going for what the bird thought was the head where the eyes are, 18:49.666 --> 18:53.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and tearing the wings up, and the animal is still flying. 18:53.800 --> 18:56.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% This one is common in the eastern United States, 18:56.700 --> 18:58.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and has a number of broods every year. 18:58.933 --> 19:01.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Again, the adults live about two weeks. 19:01.300 --> 19:04.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Here's one that's not so damaged, one very fresh. 19:04.200 --> 19:06.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Oh, my goodness, the colors! 19:06.366 --> 19:09.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Buckeye, common buckeye butterfly. 19:09.100 --> 19:11.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Look how big those eyespots are 19:11.366 --> 19:13.566 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% on the back of the butterfly, 19:13.566 --> 19:17.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and little, orange bands on the front wings too. 19:17.100 --> 19:20.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Widespread, and like I said, lots of broods. 19:20.166 --> 19:24.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They're flying every warm month in the United States, 19:24.066 --> 19:27.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and in Florida, that would be a good part. 19:27.933 --> 19:30.200 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5% That was the adult. 19:30.200 --> 19:33.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% This is the larva or caterpillar of the buckeye butterfly. 19:33.533 --> 19:36.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Little spiny things on it, looks like it might sting, 19:36.700 --> 19:39.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% but this is not one that causes problems. 19:39.433 --> 19:42.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Whenever you see caterpillars with bristles, though, 19:42.600 --> 19:44.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% better to be safe than sorry. 19:44.700 --> 19:47.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% But this is the caterpillar of that buckeye butterfly. 19:47.766 --> 19:52.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% It's amazing the changes that occur in the pupal stage. 19:52.066 --> 19:55.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% But that's an interesting animal and very common. 19:55.600 --> 19:57.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% If you look carefully, 19:57.433 --> 20:00.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% you'll find these on a variety of larval food plants. 20:00.433 --> 20:03.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The goatweed butterfly, or goatweed leafwing it's called 20:03.600 --> 20:06.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% because when the wings are held together, 20:06.066 --> 20:08.066 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% it looks like a leaf. 20:08.066 --> 20:10.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% One part of the wing is torn in the back, 20:10.566 --> 20:13.866 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% and see the brown markings on the top of the wing. 20:13.866 --> 20:15.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% This is one that, when it's still, 20:15.966 --> 20:18.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% looks like a leaf on a branch. 20:18.100 --> 20:21.166 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% And, again, just four legs, as you can see there. 20:21.166 --> 20:24.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Look at the antennae aiming up like a little leaf. 20:24.233 --> 20:27.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% All sorts of insects, a little beetle next to it. 20:27.766 --> 20:29.766 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% There was a fly there. 20:29.766 --> 20:32.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% All three of those are insects. 20:32.333 --> 20:34.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% And they're representing 20:34.333 --> 20:37.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% three of the most common orders of insects. 20:37.800 --> 20:42.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% But the goatweed leafwing, I think appropriately named. 20:42.000 --> 20:44.000 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% It looks like a leaf. 20:44.000 --> 20:48.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Hackberry emperor butterfly, tongue out here, on a yucca. 20:48.066 --> 20:50.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Yuccas have very slippery flowers, 20:50.500 --> 20:53.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and I think this butterfly's gonna do a little bit 20:53.500 --> 20:56.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% of slippin' and slidin' here in a minute. 20:56.266 --> 20:58.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% But lays eggs on hackberry plants, 20:58.633 --> 21:01.000 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% so the common name, hackberry butterfly. 21:01.000 --> 21:03.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Another close-up look at it, 21:03.133 --> 21:06.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% with the dark eyespot on the underside of the front wing. 21:06.566 --> 21:09.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% There's the tongue down, white on the tips of the antennae, 21:09.966 --> 21:12.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% getting a little bit of fluid. 21:12.200 --> 21:14.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% It looks almost like bird droppings, 21:14.433 --> 21:17.033 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% that white on the wood, 21:17.033 --> 21:20.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and I bet it's getting a few minerals from that also. 21:20.100 --> 21:22.133 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% Looks fresh, though. 21:22.133 --> 21:24.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% That one hasn't been flying for very long. 21:24.500 --> 21:27.233 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Again, laying eggs on hackberry trees. 21:27.233 --> 21:30.433 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Of course, the butterfly that's so big, well known, 21:30.433 --> 21:34.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% the monarch butterfly that the last brood migrates 21:34.033 --> 21:37.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in the eastern half of the United States to Mexico. 21:37.100 --> 21:40.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% An amazing animal, very sturdily built, goes a good distance. 21:40.833 --> 21:43.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% You see just four legs instead of six, 21:43.133 --> 21:45.966 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% but there are the pair of antennae that are down, 21:45.966 --> 21:48.166 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% and that proboscis coming out. 21:48.166 --> 21:50.066 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% Amazing the way they fly. 21:50.066 --> 21:53.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% How do they know where those two ridges are in Mexico? 21:53.200 --> 21:55.266 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% We really aren't sure. 21:55.266 --> 21:57.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% There are great mysteries in this world. 21:57.533 --> 22:00.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% But tanking up on nectar, getting the energy 22:00.200 --> 22:02.500 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% so that it can fly away. 22:02.500 --> 22:06.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The orange, black, and white, pretty easily identified. 22:06.066 --> 22:08.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This was in the western United States. 22:08.700 --> 22:11.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% That's little prairie coneflower there 22:11.100 --> 22:14.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% with the yellow flowers hanging down. 22:14.033 --> 22:16.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Oh, I love that, with the wings spread, 22:16.533 --> 22:18.966 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% and off he goes. 22:18.966 --> 22:21.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This one is the eyed brown butterfly. 22:21.466 --> 22:24.700 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% There are a number of small brown butterflies 22:24.700 --> 22:27.300 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% with false eyespots on the wings. 22:27.300 --> 22:31.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% This one's pretty widespread, but a rather delicate animal. 22:31.466 --> 22:33.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Loves floodplain forests 22:33.466 --> 22:35.733 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and sits perched in this position, 22:35.733 --> 22:38.366 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% giving us a close look at it. 22:38.366 --> 22:40.933 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% A relative, the pearly eye butterflies, 22:40.933 --> 22:45.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% lay eggs on the plant this one's sitting on, switch cane. 22:45.366 --> 22:48.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% This is a Creole pearly eye butterfly. 22:48.000 --> 22:50.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Pearly white with those eyespots, 22:50.066 --> 22:53.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% so pearly eye butterfly makes pretty good sense, 22:53.833 --> 22:55.800 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and typical of floodplains 22:55.800 --> 22:58.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% because that's where the larval food plant is. 22:58.533 --> 23:01.666 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Silver-spotted skipper, one of the larger skippers. 23:01.666 --> 23:03.666 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% Look at the antennae! 23:03.666 --> 23:06.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% They've got a bulge on the end and a little hook. 23:06.466 --> 23:08.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% That's typical of the skippers. 23:08.366 --> 23:12.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% This one has six legs, like you would expect an insect to have. 23:12.000 --> 23:16.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Silver spot on the underside of the hind wing, pretty obvious. 23:16.066 --> 23:19.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This is another skipper; look at the antennae. 23:19.766 --> 23:23.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Long tails, so long-tailed skipper is a good common name. 23:23.800 --> 23:27.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Love those long tails, and a little green on the back, 23:27.166 --> 23:30.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the markings on the undersides of the wings. 23:30.000 --> 23:32.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% But the tongue is active. 23:32.166 --> 23:35.366 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% These animals love flowers with clusters of flowers, 23:35.366 --> 23:37.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and that's what it's sitting on, 23:37.366 --> 23:39.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% going from one group of flowers to another. 23:39.900 --> 23:42.766 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% This is another view of the long-tailed skipper. 23:42.766 --> 23:44.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% You can see that greenish color. 23:44.666 --> 23:47.600 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Look at the way he rolls the proboscis up! 23:47.600 --> 23:49.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% That's kind of neat, isn't it? 23:49.366 --> 23:52.800 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% Rolls up for easier flying, and then you can unroll it, 23:52.800 --> 23:56.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% stick it down the throat of a flower, get some nectar, 23:56.433 --> 24:00.300 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% carry off a little pollen, and fertilize other plants. 24:00.300 --> 24:02.366 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Those connections are amazing. 24:02.366 --> 24:04.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The funereal or duskywing skipper 24:04.933 --> 24:07.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% is really common in the springtime. 24:07.833 --> 24:11.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Dark in color, which I guess gives it the common name. 24:11.633 --> 24:15.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Lays eggs on new growth on oak trees, for the most part. 24:15.200 --> 24:18.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% This one isn't the most showy of the butterflies, 24:18.166 --> 24:21.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% but it'll get your attention too. 24:21.333 --> 24:25.233 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 24:25.233 --> 24:27.366 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% Now, what about books that are useful 24:27.366 --> 24:29.633 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% as far as indentifying butterflies? 24:29.633 --> 24:32.533 align:left position:15% line:5% size:75% One of the nice ones and a good one to start with, 24:32.533 --> 24:34.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% "“Butterflies and Moths: a Golden Guide."” 24:34.800 --> 24:36.833 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% St. Martin's Press publishes these. 24:36.833 --> 24:41.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Loaded with good information on butterflies and moths. 24:41.333 --> 24:44.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Nice pictures inside; range maps are good. 24:44.066 --> 24:46.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% It shows you the caterpillar, 24:46.133 --> 24:48.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% talks about the larval food plant, 24:48.200 --> 24:50.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% as well as showing you the adult. 24:50.266 --> 24:53.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% That's nice, and then the next level would be 24:53.200 --> 24:56.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% "“Butterflies of North America,"” the Kaufman Focus Guides. 24:56.633 --> 24:58.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I think it's very, very nice. 24:58.700 --> 25:01.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Photographs inside there are exquisite, 25:01.300 --> 25:03.166 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% and range maps are up to date. 25:03.166 --> 25:05.133 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Scientific names are up to date. 25:05.133 --> 25:08.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So that helps you answer, "“What is that butterfly?"” 25:08.800 --> 25:12.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% To get close to butterflies, there are two ways. 25:12.400 --> 25:15.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% One without hurting them at all is using binoculars. 25:15.533 --> 25:17.600 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% There are books with a title 25:17.600 --> 25:19.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% like "“Butterflies through Binoculars."” 25:19.966 --> 25:21.966 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% When you're looking at binoculars, 25:21.966 --> 25:24.000 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% notice the amount of magnification. 25:24.000 --> 25:26.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% That's that first number on the left. 25:26.100 --> 25:28.133 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% This is 8x30. 25:28.133 --> 25:30.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Eight power magnification is a good bit. 25:30.466 --> 25:33.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% I'd have to stand a good ways away to view the butterfly. 25:33.833 --> 25:36.066 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% Seven would be better than eight. 25:36.066 --> 25:39.900 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% That means you can see '‘em when you're closer to them 25:39.900 --> 25:41.900 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% without having to back up. 25:41.900 --> 25:45.500 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% The other way to get close is to use insect nets. 25:45.500 --> 25:47.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Biological supply houses have these. 25:47.666 --> 25:51.066 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5% I usually get mine from Ward's Biological Supplies 25:51.066 --> 25:53.066 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% in Rochester, New York. 25:53.066 --> 25:56.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Then with a magnifying glass, 8 to 10 power, 25:56.433 --> 25:59.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that's a nice way to see how many legs they've got 25:59.433 --> 26:03.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and get a close look at the compound eyes and the rest. 26:03.300 --> 26:06.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% My final word is gonna be about conservation. 26:06.300 --> 26:09.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% You don't want to have negative effect on this world. 26:09.733 --> 26:12.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% You want to look at butterflies, 26:12.033 --> 26:15.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% but you don't want to damage the populations. 26:15.066 --> 26:17.066 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5% Care for special habitats, 26:17.066 --> 26:19.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% open fields like this with woods close by. 26:19.966 --> 26:21.966 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5% If you capture butterflies, 26:21.966 --> 26:25.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% unless you've got a really strong reason to collect '‘em, 26:25.333 --> 26:27.333 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% let '‘em go, release them, 26:27.333 --> 26:31.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and get a chance to see '‘em again later. 26:31.000 --> 26:33.333 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5% These are special organisms. 26:33.333 --> 26:35.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Let's take special care of them. 26:35.666 --> 27:25.933 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪ 27:25.933 --> 27:36.733 align:left position:87.5% line:5% size:2.5% ♪