WEBVTT 00:00.933 --> 00:04.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% - [VOICEOVER] MONTANA AG LIVE IS MADE POSSIBLE BY 00:04.800 --> 00:07.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% THE MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 00:07.600 --> 00:11.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% THE MSU EXTENSION SERVICE, THE MSU AG EXPERIMENT 00:11.466 --> 00:14.566 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:37.5% STATIONS OF THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, 00:14.566 --> 00:17.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5% THE MONTANA WHEAT & BARLEY COMMITTEE, 00:17.466 --> 00:20.266 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% THE MONTANA BANKERS ASSOCIATION, 00:20.266 --> 00:23.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5% CASHMAN NURSERY & LANDSCAPING, AND 00:23.166 --> 00:26.466 align:start position:15% line:84.66% size:70% THE GALLATIN GARDENERS CLUB. 00:26.466 --> 00:32.500 align:start position:12.5% line:84.66% size:72.5% (BANJO MUSIC AND COWS MOOING) 00:32.500 --> 00:36.100 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% ♪ IF YOUR HERBICIDES AND FUNGICIDES AND 00:36.100 --> 00:39.366 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5% ♪ THE VEGGIES YOU ARE GROWIN' IN YOUR GARDEN START TO MOLD 00:39.366 --> 00:43.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% ♪ IF THE ANTS ARE ATTACKIN' AND YOU'RE HAVIN' A HARD TIME 00:43.133 --> 00:46.700 align:start position:22.5% line:84.66% size:55% ♪ CALL MONTANA AG LIVE 00:46.700 --> 00:50.366 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% ♪ KNAPWEED IN THE DITCH AND THE OLD BULL'S GOT A ITCH 00:50.366 --> 00:53.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% ♪ TICKS UPON MY SHEEP AND THE WOOL IS REALLY CHEAP 00:53.733 --> 00:58.033 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% ♪ THE GOPHERS IN THE PASTURE ARE EVEN WORSE THAN LAST YEAR 00:58.033 --> 01:02.800 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:80% ♪ MONTANA AG LIVE WHERE ARE YOU? 01:02.800 --> 01:12.400 align:start position:10% line:84.66% size:77.5% (BANJO AND STRING INSTRUMENTAL) 01:12.400 --> 01:15.200 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - [JACK] GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO MONTANA AG LIVE, 01:15.200 --> 01:18.200 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% ORIGINATING TONIGHT FROM THE STUDIOS OF KUSM 01:18.200 --> 01:21.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ON THE BEAUTIFUL CAMPUS OF MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY. 01:21.833 --> 01:24.366 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% I'M JACK RIESSELMAN, I'LL BE YOUR HOST OR 01:24.366 --> 01:26.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% MODERATOR THIS EVENING. 01:26.133 --> 01:27.933 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% I THINK THOSE OF YOU WHO'VE WATCHED THE PROGRAM 01:27.933 --> 01:30.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% IN THE PAST, KINDA KNOW HOW THIS GOES. 01:30.533 --> 01:33.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% YOU HAVE QUESTIONS FOR OUR ESTEEMED PANEL 01:33.866 --> 01:37.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% AND THEY WILL DO THE BEST TO FIND A CREDIBLE ANSWER 01:37.100 --> 01:39.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS. 01:39.666 --> 01:42.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS CALL 'EM IN AND WE'LL REALLY TRY 01:42.066 --> 01:44.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% TO GET 'EM ON THE PROGRAM THIS EVENING. 01:44.600 --> 01:47.666 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% THIS EVENING, AS MANY OF YOU RECOGNIZE, 01:47.666 --> 01:50.400 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% OUR GUESTS, OUR PANEL, LIKE TOBY DAY, 01:50.400 --> 01:53.800 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% TOBY'S OUR EXTENSION HORTICULTURAL SPECIALIST. 01:53.800 --> 01:56.533 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% A LOT OF YOU KNOW MIKE IVEY, MIKE HAS BEEN 01:56.533 --> 01:59.633 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% AROUND MSU FOR A LONG TIME, HE'S AN ENTOMOLOGIST 01:59.633 --> 02:01.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AND A VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE ENTOMOLOGIST, SO IF YOU 02:01.733 --> 02:04.633 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT BUGS THIS EVENING, GET 'EM IN 02:04.633 --> 02:07.400 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% AND WE'LL DEFINITELY TRY TO ANSWER 'EM. 02:07.400 --> 02:09.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% WE HAVE A NEW GUEST THIS EVENING, OUR SPECIAL GUEST, 02:09.833 --> 02:15.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% HIS NAME IS LANCE MCNEW, LANCE IS A WILDLIFE 02:15.000 --> 02:18.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% HABITAT ECOLOGIST, AND HE WORKS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF 02:18.733 --> 02:20.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% ANIMAL SCIENCE, HE'S BEEN HERE FOR ABOUT A YEAR, 02:20.866 --> 02:23.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% CAME TO US FROM KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, AND IT'S 02:23.766 --> 02:25.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% A PLEASURE TO HAVE HIM ON OUR PROGRAM. 02:25.900 --> 02:28.633 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% HIS SPECIALTY, IN ADDITION TO BEING AN ECOLOGIST 02:28.633 --> 02:33.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% FOR WILDLIFE, ALSO IS HANDLING SMALL PESTS, FOUR-LEGGED 02:33.233 --> 02:35.600 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% PESTS, CREEPY PESTS, WHATEVER. 02:35.600 --> 02:38.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% SO, IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT MICE, VOLES, RACOONS, 02:38.566 --> 02:41.500 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% ANYTHING LIKE THAT THIS EVENING, HERE'S A CHANCE TO FIND OUT 02:41.500 --> 02:43.433 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IT. 02:43.433 --> 02:46.033 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% A LOT OF YOU KNOW MACK BURGESS, MACK IS OUR SMALL FARM 02:46.033 --> 02:50.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% SPECIALIST, MACK IS HERE TO ALSO TALK ABOUT SOME 02:50.066 --> 02:55.000 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% OF THE ISSUES WITH SMALL FARMS, IN ADDITION TO DISCUSSING 02:55.000 --> 02:56.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% SOME OF THE ANIMAL ISSUES 02:56.133 --> 02:59.700 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% THAT SMALL FARM SPECIALISTS DO FACE. 02:59.700 --> 03:03.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% THE PANEL TONIGHT TO ANSWER THE PHONES, I WOULD THINK 03:03.466 --> 03:06.966 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% YOU RECOGNIZE MANY OF THESE PEOPLE, DON MATHRE, 03:06.966 --> 03:10.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% TRACY EKLUND, AND CHERYL MOORE-GOUGH, SO THE PHONE'S 03:10.866 --> 03:14.600 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% NOT RINGING YET, GET YOUR QUESTIONS IN 03:14.600 --> 03:18.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% BUT WE DO HAVE SEVERAL LEFTOVER FROM LAST WEEK. 03:18.266 --> 03:22.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% WE'RE GONNA TRY TO ANSWER AS MANY AS POSSIBLE. 03:22.100 --> 03:26.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% TOBY, THIS PERSON IS FROM CASCADE, THEY HAVE TO PICK 03:26.900 --> 03:30.500 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% HARALSON APPLES EARLY, AROUND SEPTEMBER 1ST, BECAUSE 03:30.500 --> 03:32.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% THEY HAVE A BEAR PROBLEM UP THERE, WILL THEY RIPEN 03:32.966 --> 03:35.666 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% ON THE SHELF? 03:35.666 --> 03:38.633 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - NOT NECESSARILY, I MEAN, THE SUGARS THAT ARE PRODUCED 03:38.633 --> 03:42.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% ON THOSE, I'M GONNA GUESS THAT'S PROBABLY AS THE ENZYMES 03:42.066 --> 03:45.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% BREAK DOWN THEY PRODUCE MORE SUGARS, BUT IF THEY'RE PICKED 03:45.366 --> 03:49.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% UNRIPE, THERE IS SOME RIPENING THAT WILL HAPPEN WITH 03:49.266 --> 03:51.333 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THE ETHYLENE THAT'S PRODUCED FROM THOSE APPLES, BUT I DON'T 03:51.333 --> 03:53.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THINK YOU'LL EVER GET 'EM TO THE POINT THAT YOU WOULD HAVE 03:53.533 --> 03:55.800 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% IF YOU LEFT THEM ON THE TREE LONG ENOUGH. 03:55.800 --> 03:57.233 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% - [JACK] WHEN DO YOU NORMALLY-- 03:57.233 --> 03:59.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - PICK HARALSON'S? - YEAH. 03:59.300 --> 04:01.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION, IT'S GONNA BE, LIKE 04:01.066 --> 04:04.266 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% CASCADE COUNTY, PROBABLY ABOUT NOW. 04:04.266 --> 04:07.366 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% BUT, YEAH, YOU'D BE PICKIN' 'EM FAIRLY EARLY 04:07.366 --> 04:09.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% COMPARED TO MOST APPLES. 04:09.166 --> 04:10.600 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - ONE QUICK QUESTION, THEN WE'LL MOVE ON 04:10.600 --> 04:12.200 align:start position:30% line:84.66% size:37.5% TO ANOTHER ONE. 04:12.200 --> 04:15.300 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% HOW COLD WILL APPLES TOLERATE A FROST? 04:15.300 --> 04:18.600 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - OH, APPLES PROBABLY TOLERATE CLOSE TO 26 DEGREES. 04:18.600 --> 04:20.166 align:start position:40% line:10% size:17.5% - OKAY. - SO, IF WE'RE GONNA GET 04:20.166 --> 04:22.500 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THOSE COLD TEMPERATURES, YOU CAN LEAVE 'EM ON THE TREE, 04:22.500 --> 04:23.933 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% THEY HAVE A LOT OF SUGAR IN THEM. 04:23.933 --> 04:27.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% SOUNDS GOOD, LANCE, THIS CAME IN FROM LIVINGSTON, AND 04:27.233 --> 04:32.000 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5% THIS IS KIND OF A COMBINATION QUESTION FOR MIKE AND LANCE. 04:32.000 --> 04:35.133 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% THEY'D LIKE TO ATTRACT BATS TO THEIR YARD, AS THEY HEAR THEY 04:35.133 --> 04:37.566 align:start position:15% line:84.66% size:70% CAN HELP CONTROL MOSQUITOES. 04:37.566 --> 04:41.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% DO THEY REALLY, NUMBER ONE, ATTRACT OR DESTROY MOSQUITOES, 04:41.633 --> 04:45.000 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% OR NUMBER TWO, WHAT DO THEY DO TO GET MORE BATS AROUND? 04:45.000 --> 04:47.000 align:start position:22.5% line:84.66% size:52.5% YOU GUYS, HAVE AT IT. 04:47.000 --> 04:50.200 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% - YES, SO BATS, THAT'S THEIR PRIMARY FOOD SOURCE, 04:50.200 --> 04:53.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% ARE MOSQUITOES, SO THEY EAT A LOT OF FLYING INSECTS, 04:53.900 --> 04:58.200 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% BUT, ESPECIALLY IF YOU'RE LIVING IN LOWLAND, RIPARIAN AREAS, 04:58.200 --> 05:00.400 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5% YEAH, THEY'RE HITTIN' THE MOSQUITOES HARD. 05:00.400 --> 05:02.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% - [JACK] IS THERE ANY WAY YOU CAN ATTRACT 'EM TO 'EM? 05:02.733 --> 05:06.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% - SURE, SURE, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF WAYS, YOU CAN 05:06.500 --> 05:10.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% BUILD BAT HOUSES, A LOT OF, A LOT OF EXISTING 05:10.666 --> 05:13.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% INFRASTRUCTURE IN MONTANA IS ACTUALLY HIGHLY CONDUCIVE 05:13.200 --> 05:16.566 align:start position:12.5% line:84.66% size:72.5% TO HAVING BATS ON YOUR PLACE. 05:16.566 --> 05:20.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% BAT HOUSES, DESIGNS CAN BE FOUND ONLINE RELATIVELY EASILY, 05:20.533 --> 05:22.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% IF YOU CONSTRUCT A COUPLE OF THOSE IN AREAS THAT HAVE 05:22.866 --> 05:24.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% ADEQUATE FOOD RESOURCES, IF THEY'RE HAVIN' MOSQUITO 05:24.933 --> 05:27.566 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5% PROBLEMS, THEN THAT WOULD PROBABLY DO IT. 05:27.566 --> 05:29.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% YOU WANT TO BUILD THOSE THINGS ON THE SHADY SIDES 05:29.633 --> 05:32.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5% OF YOUR HOUSE AND YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO FIND BATS, 05:32.433 --> 05:34.333 align:start position:22.5% line:84.66% size:55% SO, THEY'RE OUT THERE. 05:34.333 --> 05:35.900 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:47.5% - OKAY, AND THEY'RE NOT HARMFUL TO PEOPLE? 05:35.900 --> 05:37.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5% - ABSOLUTELY NOT. - OKAY. 05:37.466 --> 05:39.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% MIKE, HOW EFFECTIVE ARE THEY AT KEEPING MOSQUITOES 05:39.733 --> 05:43.366 align:start position:22.5% line:84.66% size:55% DOWN, IN YOUR OPINION? 05:43.366 --> 05:47.700 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% - WELL, THEY'RE NOT GOING TO ERADICATE THEM, THE WHOLE POINT 05:47.700 --> 05:51.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5% OF EATING MOSQUITOES, BATS WILL EAT ANYTHING 05:51.666 --> 05:53.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5% THAT'S FLYING AND THE REASON THEY'RE EATING 05:53.466 --> 05:55.400 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% A LOT OF MOSQUITOES IS BECAUSE THAT'S THE DENSEST 05:55.400 --> 05:57.966 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% FOOD SOURCE, IF THEY'RE EATING MOSQUITOES. 05:57.966 --> 06:01.533 align:start position:40% line:79.33% size:17.5% - OKAY. - I MEAN, THEY'RE MURDER 06:01.533 --> 06:05.066 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% ON FLYING INSECTS IN GENERAL, AT NIGHT. 06:05.066 --> 06:07.766 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% A LOT OF OUR MOSQUITOES THAT ARE CORPUSCULAR, THAT IS, 06:07.766 --> 06:11.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% THAT THEY'RE OUT AT DUSK AND DAWN WILL BE HIT A LITTLE BIT 06:11.900 --> 06:15.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% LESS BECAUSE THE BATS ARE MORE ACTIVE A LITTLE BIT LATER, 06:15.766 --> 06:18.766 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% BUT FOR THE NIGHT-FLYING MOSQUITOES, THEY'RE 06:18.766 --> 06:22.300 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5% BUT, THE QUESTION IS, IF YOUR TOLERANCE IS ONE MOSQUITO 06:22.300 --> 06:24.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5% BITE, THEY'RE NOT GOING TO GET 'EM ALL. 06:24.566 --> 06:27.733 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5% - ALL RIGHT, SOUNDS GOOD, WHILE I HAVE YA UP, THIS PERSON, 06:27.733 --> 06:31.133 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5% NOW THIS IS INTERESTING, FROM CONRAD, CAME IN LAST WEEK. 06:31.133 --> 06:34.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% THEY HAVE GONE THROUGH FIVE CANS OF HORNET SPRAY AND IT 06:34.166 --> 06:39.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% DOESN'T SEEM TO BE WORKING, ANY SUGGESTIONS? 06:39.366 --> 06:43.433 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% - THEY'RE PROBABLY NOT USING IT RIGHT, FIRST OFF, IT DEPENDS 06:43.433 --> 06:48.133 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5% ON WHICH KIND OF HORNET SPRAY YOU'RE USING, IF YOU ARE 06:48.133 --> 06:52.000 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% JUST SPRAYING THE AIR, IN GENERAL, AND EXPECTING THAT 06:52.000 --> 06:55.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% TO TAKE CARE OF HORNETS, THAT'S NOT THE WAY THAT FLYING 06:55.833 --> 06:58.333 align:start position:25% line:84.66% size:47.5% INSECT SPRAY WORKS. 06:58.333 --> 07:01.166 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% THERE'S TWO KINDS, THERE'S ONE THAT YOU USE ON NESTS, 07:01.166 --> 07:03.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% THAT YOU STAND BACK AND IT'S KIND OF FOAMY AND YOU 07:03.300 --> 07:05.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5% HIT THE NEST WITH IT FROM A DISTANCE. 07:05.966 --> 07:08.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% IF YOU'RE NOT A GOOD SHOT, THAT'S NOT GONNA WORK. 07:08.700 --> 07:11.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% AND THEN, THERE'S ANOTHER ONE WHERE YOU ACTUALLY 07:11.966 --> 07:14.900 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% STILL TARGET THE ACTUAL FLYING WASP. 07:14.900 --> 07:17.266 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% IF THERE'S NOT PYRETHROID IN THE AIR WHEN THEY FLY 07:17.266 --> 07:19.133 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% THROUGH IT, IT'S NOT GOING TO HIT IT. 07:19.133 --> 07:22.333 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% - LIKE, IF I MAY, IS IT ACTUALLY A HORNET THAT THEY'RE 07:22.333 --> 07:24.366 align:start position:20% line:84.66% size:57.5% PROBABLY WORRIED ABOUT? 07:24.366 --> 07:26.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% 'CAUSE I'M THINKING THEY PROBABLY HAVE YELLOW JACKETS, 07:26.733 --> 07:29.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% WESTERN YELLOW JACKETS ARE MORE OF A PROBLEM, AND 07:29.833 --> 07:35.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% CAN YOU TALK JUST A LITTLE BIT ABOUT WHERE THEY LIVE. 07:35.133 --> 07:38.766 align:start position:15% line:84.66% size:70% - WELL, THERE'S NINE SPECIES 07:38.766 --> 07:41.733 align:start position:17.5% line:84.66% size:62.5% IN THIS GROUP IN MONTANA, 07:41.733 --> 07:44.333 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% AND THE BIG ONE IS THE BALD-FACED HORNET, WHICH MAKES 07:44.333 --> 07:48.600 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% THE FOOTBALL-LIKE NEST IN A TREE, AND THEY'RE NOT ALL THAT 07:48.600 --> 07:50.566 align:start position:22.5% line:84.66% size:52.5% COMMON AROUND HOUSES. 07:50.566 --> 07:52.733 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% WE HAD A WHOLE BUNCH OF 'EM THIS YEAR. 07:52.733 --> 07:54.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% THEN THERE'S THE SMALLER, MORE BRIGHTLY COLORED 07:54.866 --> 07:58.766 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% YELLOW JACKETS, AND SOME OF THOSE ACTUALLY WILL LIVE 07:58.766 --> 08:03.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% IN THE WALLS OF HOUSES AND THAT KIND OF THING. 08:03.833 --> 08:07.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% OTHERS LIVE UNDERGROUND, IN OLD RODENT BURROWS. 08:07.433 --> 08:12.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% SOME OF THEM ACTUALLY WILL MAKE NESTS IN BRUSH AND STUFF. 08:12.066 --> 08:14.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% SO, IT DEPENDS ON WHAT YOU HAVE, AND MOST PEOPLE ARE 08:14.600 --> 08:17.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% TRYING TO CATCH THEM WHEN THEY'RE COMING IN NEAR 08:17.900 --> 08:21.100 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% THEIR HOUSE, FLYING AROUND, AND NOT AROUND THE NEST. 08:21.100 --> 08:24.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% IF YOU HAVE A NEST PROBLEM, THEN YOU CONTROL IT DIFFERENTLY. 08:24.133 --> 08:26.600 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% - I WAS JUST THINKING, THAT IN THIS CASE, THEY MAY BE 08:26.600 --> 08:28.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% FINDING THE NEST, BUT IT ALSO MIGHT BE A YELLOW JACKET 08:28.533 --> 08:31.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% THAT MIGHT BE IN THE GROUND, SO I WOULD FIND OTHER SOURCES, 08:31.166 --> 08:34.000 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% MAYBE THERE'S TWO OR THREE THAT ARE AROUND AREA, 08:34.000 --> 08:35.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% RATHER THAN JUST THE NEST YOU'RE SEEING. 08:35.700 --> 08:37.833 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% - YEAH, AND A LOT OF PEOPLE WILL, ESPECIALLY IF YOU HAVE 08:37.833 --> 08:40.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% OUTDOOR TABLES AND STUFF, THERE'S THINGS THAT ARE COMING 08:40.500 --> 08:43.433 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5% IN AND THIS YEAR THEY STARTED HITTING A LOT EARLIER, 08:43.433 --> 08:45.866 align:start position:25% line:84.66% size:47.5% AS THINGS DRIED UP. 08:45.866 --> 08:51.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% AND, THEY'RE ATTRACTED TO BEER, SODA, FATTY MEATS, THAT 08:51.066 --> 08:55.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% KINDA THING, SO, IF YOU'RE HAVING A BARBEQUE THEY CONSIDER 08:55.666 --> 08:58.466 align:start position:12.5% line:84.66% size:75% THEMSELVES INVITED. (LAUGHTER) 08:58.466 --> 09:01.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5% - [MACK] HOW FAR WILL THEY FLY FROM THEIR NESTS? 09:01.833 --> 09:03.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% - UNTIL THEY FIND SOMETHING TO EAT. (LAUGHTER) 09:03.800 --> 09:06.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% MOSTLY THEY'RE PREDATORS, THEY'RE ACTUALLY BENEFICIAL 09:06.133 --> 09:08.833 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:72.5% IN THE GARDEN, THEY'RE MOSTLY PREDATORS ON OTHER INSECTS. 09:08.833 --> 09:10.600 align:start position:22.5% line:84.66% size:52.5% - I DIDN'T KNOW THAT. 09:10.600 --> 09:15.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% - MACK, I UNDERSTAND BOZEMAN HAS A WINTER'S FARMERS' MARKET, 09:15.166 --> 09:21.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% THIS CAME IN FROM BOZEMAN, IT STARTS OCTOBER 18TH, 09:21.133 --> 09:24.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% I GUESS THERE'S SOME IN MISSOULA AND HELENA, ALSO. 09:24.733 --> 09:28.266 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% WHAT WOULD BE AT A FARMERS' MARKET, A WINTER'S FARMERS' 09:28.266 --> 09:30.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% MARKET, THAT GROWERS WOULD HAVE, THAT THE BEARS 09:30.933 --> 09:32.333 align:start position:32.5% line:84.66% size:35% HAVEN'T EATEN? 09:32.333 --> 09:35.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% - YEAH RIGHT, (LAUGHTER) YEAH, SO BOZEMAN IS GOIN' INTO 09:35.100 --> 09:36.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% IT'S FOURTH YEAR OF THE WINTER'S FARMER'S MARKET. 09:36.833 --> 09:39.300 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5% I UNDERSTAND MISSOULA HAS ONE AS WELL. 09:39.300 --> 09:41.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% HELENA'S FARMERS' MARKET GOES UP NEARLY UNTIL 09:41.600 --> 09:43.400 align:start position:30% line:84.66% size:37.5% CHRISTMAS TIME. 09:43.400 --> 09:46.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% PRODUCERS OF VEGETABLES IN THOSE AREAS ARE GOING 09:46.800 --> 09:50.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5% TO BE SELLING ALL SORTS OF STORAGE CROPS, 09:50.066 --> 09:52.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% YOU MIGHT BE HARVESTING RIGHT ABOUT NOW, ARE GONNA BE 09:52.366 --> 09:55.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% SOME OF THE BEST QUALITY VEGETABLES YOU'LL FIND ALL YEAR. 09:55.033 --> 09:59.700 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% SO, CARROTS AND ONIONS, POTATOES, WINTER 09:59.700 --> 10:01.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5% STORE QUITE WELL, WELL INTO THE WINTER. 10:01.866 --> 10:04.133 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5% AND THEN, A NUMBER OF PRODUCERS IN A LOT OF THOSE AREAS ARE 10:04.133 --> 10:06.233 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% ALSO STARTING TO USE HIGH TUNNELS TO EXTEND THEIR GROWING 10:06.233 --> 10:09.766 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% SEASON, THEY'RE GROWING SPINACH, LETTUCE, OTHER GREENS, 10:09.766 --> 10:11.466 align:start position:17.5% line:84.66% size:65% ALSO WELL INTO THE WINTER. 10:11.466 --> 10:13.500 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% LAST WINTER, I KNOW WE HAD EXCEPTIONALLY MILD WINTER, 10:13.500 --> 10:16.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:57.5% AND THAT WAS SUCCESSFUL PRETTY MUCH CONTINUOUSLY 10:16.000 --> 10:17.533 align:start position:25% line:84.66% size:47.5% THROUGH THE WINTER. 10:17.533 --> 10:19.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% SO, YEAH, IT'S AN EXCITING, EXCITING ADDITION. 10:19.800 --> 10:21.533 align:start position:32.5% line:84.66% size:35% - SOUNDS GOOD. 10:21.533 --> 10:24.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% LANCE, THIS CAME IN THIS EVENING FROM LEWISTOWN. 10:24.633 --> 10:26.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% THIS PERSON UNDERSTANDS, AND I'M NOT SURE IF THIS IS 10:26.933 --> 10:30.433 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% CORRECT OR NOT, YOU CAN SET US STRAIGHT IF IT'S NOT, HE SAYS 10:30.433 --> 10:34.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% HE UNDERSTANDS THAT WHEN BEEF, COWS, WALK THROUGH 10:34.633 --> 10:38.233 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% SAGEBRUSH, THEY DISRUPT SAGE GROUSE, BUT WHEN BUFFALO DO, 10:38.233 --> 10:41.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% OR BISON, THEY DON'T, IS THAT TRUE, AND WHY WOULD 10:41.366 --> 10:43.866 align:start position:35% line:84.66% size:30% THAT HAPPEN? 10:43.866 --> 10:47.766 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% - I DON'T KNOW OF A SINGLE PEER-REVIEWED STUDY OR EMPIRICAL 10:47.766 --> 10:52.800 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:62.5% EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THAT, AS A MATTER OF FACT, WE'VE 10:52.800 --> 10:55.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:67.5% BEEN WORKING ON A NUMBER OF STUDIES WHERE WE'RE ACTUALLY 10:55.300 --> 10:58.433 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% USING TARGETED GRAZING BY CATTLE TO IMPROVE 10:58.433 --> 11:01.000 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% SAGE GROUSE HABITAT, UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS. 11:01.000 --> 11:05.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% SO, WHEN A COW OR A BISON, OR ANY OTHER TYPE OF LARGE 11:05.866 --> 11:08.633 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ANIMAL OR YOU WALK THROUGH SAGEBRUSH, YOU MIGHT 11:08.633 --> 11:12.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% DISTURB THE BIRD, BUT IN MOST CASES, IT WILL ALWAYS 11:12.466 --> 11:14.566 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% COME BACK TO THAT GENERAL AREA. 11:14.566 --> 11:16.600 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% NOW, YOU WANT TO MINIMIZE DISTURBING SAGE GROUSE 11:16.600 --> 11:19.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% OR ANY OTHER GRASS GROUND-NESTING BIRD WHEN THEY'RE 11:19.466 --> 11:21.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% INCUBATING NESTS. 11:21.466 --> 11:25.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% AND, IT'S REALLY IMPORTANT FOR SAGE GROUSE, BECAUSE 11:25.233 --> 11:27.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% ONCE THEY ARE FLUSHED FROM THEIR NESTS, COMPARED 11:27.733 --> 11:29.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% RELATIVE TO OTHER BIRDS, THEY DON'T WANT TO RETURN 11:29.933 --> 11:31.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% TO THE NEST. 11:31.366 --> 11:34.200 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - YOU KNOW, WHILE WE'RE ON THE SAGE GROUSE, I BELIEVE 11:34.200 --> 11:37.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT JUST RECENTLY DECLARED THEM 11:37.266 --> 11:39.900 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% NOT AN ENDANGERED OR A THREATENED SPECIES. 11:39.900 --> 11:42.000 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% YOU WANT TO COMMENT ON THAT A LITTLE BIT? 11:42.000 --> 11:47.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - SURE, I WAS VERY HAPPY WITH THIS LISTING DECISION, 11:47.800 --> 11:51.100 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% FOR MANY REASONS, BUT PRIMARILY BECAUSE IT'S GOOD 11:51.100 --> 11:52.633 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% FOR THE SAGE GROUSE. 11:52.633 --> 11:58.400 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% AND I THINK IT'S A TESTAMENT, TO THE EFFECTIVENESS 11:58.400 --> 12:02.833 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% OF LOCAL CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN PRIVATE 12:02.833 --> 12:06.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% LANDOWNERS AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AT THE GRASSROOTS 12:06.133 --> 12:11.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% LEVEL TO CONSERVE ANY WILDLIFE SPECIES AND WILDLIFE HABITAT 12:11.233 --> 12:13.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% IN GENERAL, ACTUALLY IT'S PROBABLY MUCH MORE EFFECTIVE 12:13.366 --> 12:15.433 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% THAN ANY OTHER APPROACH THAT WE HAVE. 12:15.433 --> 12:19.500 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% SO, WE'VE SEEN IN THE LAST YEAR, YEAR AND A HALF OR SO, 12:19.500 --> 12:23.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% SUCCESSES FROM THESE LOCAL CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIPS, 12:23.033 --> 12:25.133 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% NOT ONLY IN MONTANA, WITH THE SAGE GROUSE AND 12:25.133 --> 12:28.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ARCTIC GRAYLING, BUT WE'VE SEEN IT SUCCESSES ALL ACROSS 12:28.300 --> 12:32.066 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% THE COUNTRY, FROM COTTONTAILS IN THE EAST, TO DELISTING 12:32.066 --> 12:34.866 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% OF BLACK BEARS IN LOUISIANA. 12:34.866 --> 12:39.000 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% ALL OF IT DRIVEN BY LOCAL CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIPS, 12:39.000 --> 12:44.266 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% WHERE THE FOLKS ADMINISTERING HABITAT CONSERVATION 12:44.266 --> 12:46.966 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% PROGRAMS ARE BRINGING PRIVATE LANDOWNERS INTO 12:46.966 --> 12:49.966 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% THE PARTNERSHIPS, AND THAT IS HIGHLY EFFECTIVE. 12:49.966 --> 12:51.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - IT WORKS A LOT BETTER. - IT DOES. 12:51.366 --> 12:54.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AND I THINK IT'S A GREAT MODEL TO USE FOR GOOD. 12:54.533 --> 12:57.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% SOUNDS GOOD, TOBY, THIS PERSON HAD A GOOD RASPBERRY 12:57.866 --> 13:00.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% CROP LAST YEAR, THIS YEARS WAS NOT SO GOOD, WHICH MEANS 13:00.566 --> 13:03.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% IT WAS TERRIBLE. (LAUGHTER) 13:03.366 --> 13:06.333 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% THEY SAY THE CANES ARE FOUR YEARS OLD, AND THIS IS THE FIRST 13:06.333 --> 13:09.433 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% YEAR THEY FLOWERED THIS LATE, IS THERE A PROBLEM IF THEY 13:09.433 --> 13:13.133 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% FLOWER IN SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER? 13:13.133 --> 13:15.066 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% WELL, THERE'S A COUPLE THINGS THAT ARE GOING ON, 13:15.066 --> 13:17.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% ONE, YOU MAY NOT HAVE JUNE BEARING, YOU MAY HAVE 13:17.466 --> 13:19.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% EVER BEARING RASPBERRIES, WHICH THEY WILL FLOWER, 13:19.866 --> 13:22.233 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:22.5% THIS LATE 13:22.233 --> 13:24.066 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% IT'S A LITTLE BIT LATE FOR 'EM. 13:24.066 --> 13:26.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THE OTHER PART OF IT TOO, IS JUST THE ENVIRONMENTAL 13:26.700 --> 13:29.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% CONDITIONS, I'VE HAD SOME FLOWER AND STILL PRODUCE 13:29.100 --> 13:31.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% RASPBERRIES, AND I HAVE JUNE BEARING. 13:31.400 --> 13:35.633 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% SO, I THINK IT'S JUST ENVIRONMENTAL, 13:35.633 --> 13:39.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% A LONGER FALL, AND THEREFORE IT'S SETTING FRUIT BUDS 13:39.600 --> 13:41.333 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% AND THEN FLOWERING. 13:41.333 --> 13:42.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% IS IT GOING TO REDUCE CROP? 13:42.566 --> 13:44.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% MAYBE A LITTLE BIT NEXT YEAR, BUT I DON'T THINK IT'S 13:44.733 --> 13:46.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% GONNA REDUCE IT THAT MUCH. 13:46.733 --> 13:50.500 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% - SOUNDS GOOD, MIKE, FROM BIG SKY, THEY HAD 13:50.500 --> 13:52.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% THREE SOUR CHERRY TREES, AND I DIDN'T KNOW 13:52.933 --> 13:55.066 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% SOUR CHERRIES WOULD SURVIVE IN BIG SKY. 13:55.066 --> 13:56.966 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% - IN BIG SKY? - THAT'S WHAT IT SAYS HERE. 13:56.966 --> 13:58.833 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% - OUR BIG SKY? - OUR BIG SKY, 13:58.833 --> 14:02.200 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% BUT THEY MAY BE FROM SOME OTHER PLACE, AND VACATIONING 14:02.200 --> 14:04.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% IN BIG SKY, BUT ANYWAY, AT THE END OF THE SUMMER 14:04.800 --> 14:08.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% THE LEAVES WERE AFFECTED BY SOME INSECT-LIKE CREATURE, 14:08.533 --> 14:12.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THAT WAS JET BLACK, THREE QUARTER INCH LONG, ANY IDEA 14:12.033 --> 14:15.266 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% WHAT THEY ARE, WOULD THAT BE SLUGS? 14:15.266 --> 14:17.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - UP ON THE LEAVES OF THE CHERRY TREE? 14:17.800 --> 14:19.800 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% - YEAH, AND THEY'RE JET BLACK. 14:19.800 --> 14:22.366 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% - PEAR SLUGS? - I BET IT IS PEAR SLUGS. 14:22.366 --> 14:24.766 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - PEAR SLUGS, YEAH, OKAY. - PROBABLY. 14:24.766 --> 14:26.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - BUT, THEY'RE NOT GOING TO HURT ANYTHING THIS LATE, 14:26.966 --> 14:29.366 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:22.5% ARE THEY? - NO, NO, 'CAUSE WINTER'S 14:29.366 --> 14:30.866 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% GONNA KILL THE TREES ANYWAY. 14:30.866 --> 14:34.400 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% - RIGHT! (LAUGHTER) 14:34.400 --> 14:36.400 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% - GOOD POINT, IF THEY'RE IN BIG SKY. 14:36.400 --> 14:37.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - THAT'S RIGHT, IF THEY'RE IN BIG SKY. 14:37.633 --> 14:42.266 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% - LET'S MOVE ON, MACK, THIS PERSON, 14:42.266 --> 14:45.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% FROM MISSOULA, HAS HEARD OF A NEW LAW 14:45.233 --> 14:49.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% REGARDING COTTAGE FOOD, WHAT IS THE NEW 14:49.766 --> 14:52.566 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% ISSUE HERE, I'M NOT FAMILIAR WITH IT? 14:52.566 --> 14:55.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% SO, AS OF OCTOBER FIRST, MONTANA JOINS 14:55.466 --> 14:58.666 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% ABOUT 30 OTHER STATES WHO HAVE ENACTED 14:58.666 --> 15:03.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% A LAW SPECIFICALLY REGULATING THE SALE OF FOODS 15:03.000 --> 15:05.233 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% TYPICALLY AT FARMERS' MARKETS, FACE-TO-FACE 15:05.233 --> 15:07.933 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% TRANSACTIONS, FOODS PREPARED IN HOME KITCHENS. 15:07.933 --> 15:11.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AND THIS IS CLARIFYING A KIND OF A CONFUSING BUNCH 15:11.800 --> 15:14.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% OF OLDER LAWS, SO IT PUTS IT ALL IN ONE PLACE AT THE 15:14.333 --> 15:18.033 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% STATE LEVEL, THAT SPECIFICALLY DOES ALLOW THE SALE 15:18.033 --> 15:22.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% OF CERTAIN NONPOTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS BAKED GOODS, 15:22.300 --> 15:26.533 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% SO BREADS, COOKIES, FRUIT JAMS, THINGS LIKE THAT, IN 15:26.533 --> 15:29.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% FACE-TO-FACE TRANSACTIONS WITHIN THE STATE OF MONTANA, 15:29.166 --> 15:32.933 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% DIRECT, AT FARMERS' MARKETS OR FLEA MARKETS, CRAFT FAIRS, 15:32.933 --> 15:34.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% THINGS LIKE THAT. 15:34.333 --> 15:37.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AND SO, THERE'S SOME NEW REGULATION OUT THERE, IT'S 15:37.033 --> 15:41.833 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% FAIRLY STRAIGHT FORWARD, IT'S A BIG SIMPLIFICATION OF WHAT 15:41.833 --> 15:44.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% WAS OUT THERE BEFORE, AND YOU CAN CONTACT YOUR COUNTY 15:44.166 --> 15:46.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% HEALTH DEPARTMENT, AND IT'S A $40 REGISTRATION AND 15:46.733 --> 15:49.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% A SUBMISSION OF YOUR RECIPES AND THEN YOU'RE LEGALLY 15:49.700 --> 15:51.700 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% ALLOWED TO SELL THOSE THINGS AT FARMERS' MARKETS 15:51.700 --> 15:53.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:27.5% AND DIRECT. 15:53.933 --> 15:55.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - THAT'S GONNA DO SOMETHING FOR MY WAISTLINE AND IT'S 15:55.433 --> 15:57.200 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% NOT GOOD. (LAUGHTER) 15:57.200 --> 15:59.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - BEFORE IT USED TO BE YOU COULD SELL PRODUCTS LIKE THAT, 15:59.233 --> 16:01.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% BUT IT WAS ONLY UP TO A CERTAIN AMOUNT. 16:01.433 --> 16:03.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% WHAT WAS IT, 400 OR 600 DOLLARS, OR AM I WRONG 16:03.633 --> 16:05.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:27.5% ABOUT THAT? 16:05.000 --> 16:06.533 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - YOU KNOW, IT VARIED FROM PLACE TO PLACE, AND I'VE 16:06.533 --> 16:08.666 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% HEARD SO MANY DIFFERENT THINGS, I DON'T KNOW THE DETAILS, 16:08.666 --> 16:10.600 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% BUT IT'S STANDARDIZED ACROSS THE STATE NOW. 16:10.600 --> 16:12.600 align:start position:40% line:10% size:17.5% - GOOD. 16:12.600 --> 16:16.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - THIS IS INTERESTING, 16:16.733 --> 16:18.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% LANCE, AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS SUMMER, 16:18.466 --> 16:20.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% THERE WERE LOTS OF GROUND SQUIRRELS 16:20.233 --> 16:24.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AT THE GALLATIN REGIONAL PARK, NOW THERE ARE NONE. 16:24.933 --> 16:28.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% DO GROUND SQUIRRELS MIGRATE OR WAS THERE AN ERADICATION 16:28.400 --> 16:31.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% EFFORT AT THE PARK THAT YOU'RE AWARE OF? 16:31.033 --> 16:33.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - I'M UNSURE IF THERE WAS AN ERADICATION EFFORT AT THE PARK, 16:33.966 --> 16:36.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% BUT IT MAKES SENSE THAT YOU'D SEE A LOT MORE GROUND 16:36.000 --> 16:38.600 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% SQUIRRELS DURING THE EARLY SUMMER THAN NOW. 16:38.600 --> 16:42.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% BECAUSE GROUND SQUIRRELS REPRODUCE IN THE SPRING, WHEN 16:42.566 --> 16:46.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% THEY COME OUT OF THEIR BURROWS AT THE END OF THE SPRING. 16:46.233 --> 16:49.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THEIR JUVENILES ARE ACTUALLY DOWN IN THE BURROWS AND ONCE 16:49.533 --> 16:53.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THEY GET OLD ENOUGH, THEY START FORAGING AROUND THE AREA. 16:53.166 --> 16:56.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AND, EVENTUALLY, IN LATE SUMMER, THEY'LL DISPERSE. 16:56.300 --> 16:59.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% SO, THE ANNUAL CYCLES OF GROUND SQUIRRELS IS CYCLIC. 16:59.500 --> 17:01.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% SO, YOU SHOULD SEE LESS IN THE FALL. 17:01.733 --> 17:03.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% WHY YOU'RE NOT SEEING ANY AT ALL IS PROBABLY DUE TO, 17:03.833 --> 17:06.600 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% PERHAPS LIMITED FOOD RESOURCES DURING THIS TIME OF YEAR. 17:06.600 --> 17:08.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% PERHAPS THEY'VE SHIFTED PREFERENCES TO OTHER TYPES 17:08.566 --> 17:11.700 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% OF HABITAT, YOU MIGHT NOT BE HIKING THROUGH. 17:11.700 --> 17:13.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - SOUNDS GOOD, WHILE WE HAVE YOU, THIS JUST CAME IN. 17:13.800 --> 17:18.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% THE BATS CREATED SOME OTHER, ADDITIONAL INQUIRIES. 17:18.466 --> 17:20.700 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% WHERE DO THEY GO IN THE WINTER TIME? 17:20.700 --> 17:25.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% - (CHUCKLE) WELL, THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION. 17:25.866 --> 17:28.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% I THINK IT DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF BAT THAT YOU'RE 17:28.066 --> 17:31.300 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% TALKING ABOUT, A LOT OF BATS ARE MIGRATORY. 17:31.300 --> 17:34.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% THERE ARE, I THINK, I'M NOT A BAT EXPERT, BUT I 17:34.800 --> 17:36.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% THINK THERE ARE A COUPLE SPECIES THAT ARE ACTUALLY 17:36.233 --> 17:38.533 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% RESIDENT AND ARE SHORT DISTANCE MIGRANTS. 17:38.533 --> 17:39.666 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% - SOUNDS GOOD. 17:39.666 --> 17:43.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - WE DO HAVE SOME CAVES THAT ARE WINTER HABITATS, YOU 17:43.666 --> 17:46.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% GET DOWN DEEP ENOUGH IN THE CAVE AND IT GETS TO THE 17:46.333 --> 17:51.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF THE AREA, RATHER THAN GETTING COLD. 17:51.033 --> 17:54.133 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% AND, THEY WILL HIBERNATE DOWN IN THERE, I KNOW LOUIS & CLARK 17:54.133 --> 17:56.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:27.5% CAVERNS HAS OVER-WINTERING COLONIES. 17:56.566 --> 17:59.166 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% THEY'RE VERY SUPSEPTIBLE TO DISTURBANCE WHILE THEY'RE 17:59.166 --> 18:02.833 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% HIBERNATING, AND SOME WILL MIGRATE CLEAR SOUTH. 18:02.833 --> 18:04.933 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% - SOUNDS GOOD. - AND ACTUALLY, WE ARE SOUTH 18:04.933 --> 18:07.733 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% TO SOME SPECIES OF BATS, SO SOME OF THE BATS THAT MIKE'S 18:07.733 --> 18:11.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% TALKING ABOUT ARE ACTUALLY, THEY'RE SUMMERING IN CANADA 18:11.133 --> 18:12.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% AND THEY'RE MOVING DOWN HERE TO WINTER, SO. 18:12.933 --> 18:15.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - GOOD TO KNOW, TOBY, FROM HAMILTON, THEY HAVE 18:15.733 --> 18:19.033 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% A DROUGHT-STRESSED EVERGREEN THIS FALL, WHAT DO THEY DO? 18:19.033 --> 18:21.200 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% - JUST KEEP WATERIN' IT. (LAUGHTER) 18:21.200 --> 18:24.400 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% YEAH, WATER IT, CLEAR UNTIL THE GROUND FREEZES, THAT'S GONNA 18:24.400 --> 18:26.133 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% BE THE BEST THING YOU CAN DO FOR THAT TREE. 18:26.133 --> 18:28.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% ALSO, AS I'VE SAID MANY TIMES, IN FEBRUARY, 18:28.966 --> 18:31.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ESPECIALLY IN MARCH, IF WE START GETTIN' THOSE CHINOOKS, 18:31.866 --> 18:34.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THOSE WARM TEMPERATURES, AND YOU DON'T HAVE SNOW COVER, 18:34.433 --> 18:36.866 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% GET OUT THERE WITH A SPRINKLER AND WATER THAT TREE. 18:36.866 --> 18:40.333 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% - SOUNDS GOOD, FROM FLORENCE, AND THEY LIVE IN THE 18:40.333 --> 18:42.333 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% COUNTRY NEAR FLORENCE. 18:42.333 --> 18:45.066 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% HE HAS A GROUP OF WILD TURKEYS, SOMETIMES 10-20, 18:45.066 --> 18:47.333 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% THAT COME AND GO ON HIS PROPERTY. 18:47.333 --> 18:49.533 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% NUMBER ONE, ARE THEY PROTECTED? 18:49.533 --> 18:54.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% HOW CAN HE GET RID OF THEM? I'M HERE. (LAUGHTER) 18:54.533 --> 18:59.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% AND, CAN HE SHOOT THEM? I'M HERE. (LAUGHTER) 18:59.033 --> 19:01.033 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - (LAUGHTER) YEAH, YOU WANNA GET RID OF THEM, I THINK 19:01.033 --> 19:03.233 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THERE ARE A NUMBER OF PEOPLE YOU CAN CALL TO DO THAT. 19:03.233 --> 19:05.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% BUT, THEY'RE NOT FEDERALLY PROTECTED, THEY'RE A STATE 19:05.866 --> 19:08.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% GAME BIRDS, SO THEY ARE REGULATED AT THE STATE LEVEL, 19:08.800 --> 19:13.933 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% SO THERE ARE SEASONS, THERE ARE SEASONS FOR WILD TURKEYS 19:13.933 --> 19:16.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:27.5% IN MONTANA. 19:16.133 --> 19:20.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% SO, DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU ARE, SO FOR PORTIONS OF THE 19:20.300 --> 19:24.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% STATE THAT ARE IN EASTERN MONTANA, THERE'S MORE OF AN OPEN 19:24.066 --> 19:27.300 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% SEASON, WHEREAS, AS YOU MOVE FARTHER WEST, IT BECOMES 19:27.300 --> 19:30.833 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% MORE OF A DRAW, OR SELECTED HUNTING OPPORTUNITY FOR REMOVAL. 19:30.833 --> 19:34.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% IF YOU'RE HAVING A NUISANCE SITUATION, WHERE YOU'VE TRIED TO 19:34.666 --> 19:38.633 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% ENCOURAGE HUNTING ON YOUR PROPERTY TO REMOVE THOSE BIRDS, 19:38.633 --> 19:42.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% OR AT LEAST REMEDIATE THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS, IF YOU'VE DONE 19:42.933 --> 19:45.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% A GOOD JOB AT THAT, THEN YOU CAN CONTACT YOUR LOCAL 19:45.400 --> 19:49.433 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% WILDLIFE BIOLOGIST ABOUT PERHAPS GETTING A NUISANCE PERMIT 19:49.433 --> 19:53.700 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% TO HARRASS OR HAZE OR OTHERWISE GET RID OF THE BIRDS. 19:53.700 --> 19:55.266 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% - SOUNDS GOOD. 19:55.266 --> 19:58.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - WE HAVE AN URBAN TURKEY IN BOZEMAN. 19:58.566 --> 20:03.200 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% THERE IS A WILD TURKEY LIVING DOWN RIGHT IN RESIDENTIAL 20:03.200 --> 20:05.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% AREAS IN TURKEY, IN BOZEMAN, 20:05.400 --> 20:07.000 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - AND, YOU DON'T WANNA TRY PETTIN' IT, I GUESS. 20:07.000 --> 20:08.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - OH, NO, NO. (LAUGHTER) 20:08.166 --> 20:09.633 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% APPARENTLY, IT BEATS UP DOGS, PRETTY WELL. 20:09.633 --> 20:11.500 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - THEY CAN BE PRETTY ORNERY. 20:11.500 --> 20:15.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - ALL RIGHT, MIKE, THIS PERSON'S HOUSE IS FILLIN' UP 20:15.566 --> 20:18.833 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% WITH LARGE, SLOW-FLYING FLIES. 20:18.833 --> 20:21.233 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% WHAT CAN YOU DO TO GET RID OF THEM AND ANY IDEA 20:21.233 --> 20:23.066 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% WHAT THEY MIGHT BE? 20:23.066 --> 20:27.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - YEAH, THEY'RE CLUSTER FLIES, IT HAPPENS EVERY FALL. 20:27.533 --> 20:32.733 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% AND, THEY'RE A REAL PROBLEM, THEY'RE PARASITES, 20:32.733 --> 20:35.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% THEY'RE LARVAE ARE PARASITES OF EARTHWORMS, 20:35.666 --> 20:37.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AND THEY COME OUT IN THE FALL AND LOOK FOR A PLACE 20:37.666 --> 20:39.600 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% TO HIDE OVER WINTER. 20:39.600 --> 20:42.600 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% AND, THEY WANT A WARM PROTECTED PLACE, SO WHAT 20:42.600 --> 20:47.566 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% THAT MEANS IS, YOUR WINDOWS, ON THE INSIDE, AND 20:47.566 --> 20:49.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THEY'RE COMING IN THROUGH CRACKS AND CREVICES 20:49.933 --> 20:51.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% AND CRAWL SPACES. 20:51.233 --> 20:54.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THEY'LL GET INTO THE, YOU COULD BE HORRIFIED SOMETIMES 20:54.266 --> 20:56.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% IF YOU GO INTO THE CRAWL SPACES AND SEE HOW MANY 20:56.333 --> 20:58.500 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% OF THEM THERE ARE DOWN THERE. 20:58.500 --> 21:01.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% AND THEN, IF IT GETS WARM, THEY COME UP, THEY SEE LIGHT, 21:01.900 --> 21:04.466 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% THEY GO THROUGH THE HOLE, AND THEY END UP IN YOUR HOUSE, 21:04.466 --> 21:07.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THEN THEY GO TO THE WINDOWS, THEY'RE SLOW-FLYING BECAUSE 21:07.900 --> 21:09.266 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% THEY'RE COLD. 21:09.266 --> 21:11.066 align:start position:40% line:10% size:17.5% - OKAY. - YOU CAN HIT 'EM WITH 21:11.066 --> 21:13.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% THE FLY SWATTER, YOU CAN SUCK 'EM UP WITH A VACUUM 21:13.233 --> 21:17.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% CLEANER, YOU CAN SEAL UP YOUR HOUSE A LITTLE BETTER. 21:17.033 --> 21:21.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% BUT, THEY'RE LIKE THE POOR, THEY WILL BE WITH US ALWAYS. 21:21.100 --> 21:22.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - I WAS GONNA SAY, 'CAUSE I CAN REMEMBER WHEN I WAS 21:22.866 --> 21:24.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% DOING SIDING WHEN I WAS IN CONSTRUCTION, AND YOU WOULD 21:24.866 --> 21:27.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% PULL SIDING OFF A HOUSE, OR YOU WOULD GET INTO SOME OF 21:27.700 --> 21:30.333 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% THE WALLS THAT HAVE INSULATION AND THE AMOUNT OF FLIES 21:30.333 --> 21:33.566 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% THAT WERE IN THERE, SOMETIMES WAS PHENOMENAL. 21:33.566 --> 21:35.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - AND, ONE OF THE THINGS THAT HAPPENS, THEN, IS THEY 21:35.666 --> 21:38.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% DIE IN THERE AND THERE'S THESE, A GROUP OF BEETLES 21:38.966 --> 21:42.933 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% CALLED CARPET BEETLES THAT LIVE ON DEAD INSECT 21:42.933 --> 21:45.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% CARCASSES, AND THEY WILL GET IN THERE AND THEN YOU 21:45.900 --> 21:49.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% WILL IN THE SPRING, HAVE PEOPLE BRING IN LIKE, A HANDFUL 21:49.066 --> 21:51.800 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% OF THESE LITTLE BEETLES WONDERING WHERE 21:51.800 --> 21:54.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% AND, THAT COULD BE WHERE THEY'RE AT. 21:54.100 --> 21:59.233 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% - INTERESTING, SOUTH OF ALBERTON, LANCE, 21:59.233 --> 22:01.033 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% WHAT CAN YOU DO TO ELIMINATE 22:01.033 --> 22:03.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% OR DISCOURAGE PACK RATS FROM NESTING 22:03.066 --> 22:06.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% IN THE ENGINE OF A VEHICLE PARKED OUTSIDE? 22:06.100 --> 22:09.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% THEY'RE LOOKING FOR A POISON-FREE OPTION, SINCE THERE 22:09.266 --> 22:11.033 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% ARE PETS NEARBY. 22:11.033 --> 22:13.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% SURE, START THE VEHICLE ONCE IN A WHILE, THAT WOULD BE 22:13.433 --> 22:16.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% MY RECOMMENDATION, SO, I KNOW THAT'S NOT AN OPTION 22:16.100 --> 22:19.533 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% FOR PROJECTS, I HAVE A COUPLE OF THOSE MYSELF. 22:19.533 --> 22:23.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% BUT, YEAH, THEY CAN BE PRETTY NASTY, SO, MOTHBALLS. 22:23.166 --> 22:25.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% DUMP A BUNCH OF MOTHBALLS IN THERE, JUST MAKE SURE 22:25.266 --> 22:28.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% THAT YOU'RE CLEANING THOSE OUT, PRIOR TO WHEN YOU WANNA 22:28.266 --> 22:32.400 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% ACTUALLY USE THE VEHICLE, 'CAUSE THAT CAN BE BAD. 22:32.400 --> 22:33.766 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - (LAUGHTER) I BELIEVE THAT. 22:33.766 --> 22:37.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - AGAIN, JUST AS COMMENTS, I WORKED FOR YEARS FOR A SERVICE 22:37.533 --> 22:40.533 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% STATION WHERE WE WOULD CHANGE OIL AND WE WOULD TAKE 22:40.533 --> 22:43.933 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% FILTERS OUT OF CARS, AND YOU WOULD NOT BELIEVE HOW MANY CARS 22:43.933 --> 22:46.500 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% YOU WOULD TAKE THE FILTER OUT AND THERE WOULD BE SOME TYPE 22:46.500 --> 22:48.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% OF PACK RAT NEST, IN THE AIR FILTER. 22:48.833 --> 22:51.833 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% SO, JUST THE PERFORMANCE OF THE VEHICLE MUST HAVE BEEN 22:51.833 --> 22:55.100 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% COMPROMISED BY THAT, IT WAS QUITE PHENOMENAL 22:55.100 --> 22:57.000 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% AND YOU WOULD NOT BELIEVE HOW MANY TIMES YOU WOULD 22:57.000 --> 22:59.033 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% SEE THAT, IT'S CRAZY. 22:59.033 --> 23:00.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - CHANGE YOUR FILTERS, THEN. (LAUGHTER) 23:00.766 --> 23:02.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - YEAH, EXACTLY, CHANGE YOUR FILTERS MORE OFTEN. 23:02.333 --> 23:05.433 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% - EVERY 300 PACK RATS. (LAUGHTER) 23:05.433 --> 23:08.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - IT ALSO COMPROMISED THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PACK RAT. 23:08.133 --> 23:10.166 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - (LAUGHTER) WELL, YOU KNOW, WE NEVER DID FIND THE PACK RATS 23:10.166 --> 23:13.066 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% IN THERE, WE ALWAYS JUST FOUND THEIR NESTS, CHEWED WIRES, 23:13.066 --> 23:14.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% THINGS LIKE THAT. 23:14.600 --> 23:17.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - OKAY, ALL RIGHT, WE'VE HAD PACK RATS FOR A WHILE. 23:17.500 --> 23:20.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% MACK, THIS CAME IN FROM HILL COUNTY, WHICH IS HAVRE, 23:20.866 --> 23:24.933 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% SHE HAS ABOUT THREE QUARTER ACRE GARDEN "FARM", 23:24.933 --> 23:27.466 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% SHE NEEDS HELP, WHO SHOULD SHE CONTACT, THE 23:27.466 --> 23:30.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% COUNTY AGENT UP THERE OR WHO WOULD YOU SUGGEST? 23:30.000 --> 23:34.766 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% OR YOU, CALL MACK, (LAUGHTER) 23:34.766 --> 23:36.800 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% PHONE'S OUT THERE, THAT'D WORK. 23:36.800 --> 23:38.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - YEAH, GIVE ME A CALL, I'D BE GLAD TO VISIT WITH YOU 23:38.566 --> 23:40.500 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% ABOUT WHATEVER KIND OF HELP IT IS YOU'RE LOOKING FOR. 23:40.500 --> 23:42.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% [TOBY} AND, NICOLE GRAVE, WHO IS THE EXTENSION AGENT 23:42.233 --> 23:45.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% IN HILL COUNTY IS A GREAT AGENT, SHE IS VERY RESPONSIVE, 23:45.266 --> 23:49.400 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% DOES A VERY GOOD JOB OF GETTIN' BACK TO FOLKS AND IF SHE 23:49.400 --> 23:52.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% DOESN'T KNOW THE ANSWER, I KNOW THAT SHE GETS IN TOUCH 23:52.033 --> 23:53.533 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% WITH THE RIGHT PEOPLE. 23:53.533 --> 23:55.500 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - WHEN SOMEBODY WITH THREE FOURTHS OF AN ACRE GARDEN 23:55.500 --> 23:57.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% SAYS, "I NEED HELP!", I THINK THEY NEED HELP PICKIN' 23:57.300 --> 23:59.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:27.5% TOMATOES OR SOMETHING. (LAUGHTER) 23:59.066 --> 24:00.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - THAT'S WHAT I THOUGHT, TOO, SOMEBODY TO RUN 24:00.933 --> 24:02.333 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% THE ROTOTILLER, HUH? 24:02.333 --> 24:03.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - YEAH. (LAUGHTER) 24:03.566 --> 24:05.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - FROM ANACONDA, AND THIS IS AN INTERESTING QUESTION 24:05.866 --> 24:07.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% I'VE NEVER THOUGHT OF. 24:07.266 --> 24:10.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% WHAT IS THE TECHNICAL DIFFERENCE AND THE DEFINITION 24:10.400 --> 24:15.300 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% OF A RANCH AND A RANCHETTE? 24:15.300 --> 24:17.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% YEAH, I GOT 'EM. (LAUGHTER) 24:17.800 --> 24:22.533 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% I'M NOT SURE IF THERE IS A TECHNICAL DEFINITION, AS I, 24:22.533 --> 24:26.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% DEAL A LOT WITH, MOST OF MY RESEARCH OCCURS ON RANGE LANDS 24:26.200 --> 24:29.066 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% AND HOW I DEFINE A RANCHETTE, 24:29.066 --> 24:33.900 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% IS WHEN A RANCH, A WORKING RANCH 24:33.900 --> 24:37.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% OF 1,000 OR MORE ACRES IS SUBDIVIDED INTO 10, 20, 24:37.866 --> 24:39.666 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% 30 ACRE PARCELS. 24:39.666 --> 24:42.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - [JACK] I THINK THAT'S PROBABLY A VERY GOOD DEFINITION. 24:42.066 --> 24:43.666 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% - I DON'T KNOW, WHAT DO YOU GUYS THINK? 24:43.666 --> 24:46.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - IF YOU CAN'T SELL ENOUGH PRODUCE OF THE LAND TO PAY 24:46.900 --> 24:48.833 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% THE PAYMENTS, IT'S A RANCHETTE. 24:48.833 --> 24:49.933 align:start position:40% line:10% size:17.5% - OKAY. 24:49.933 --> 24:51.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - ISN'T A RANCHETTE JUST A FEMALE VERSION OF A RANCH? 24:51.700 --> 24:53.633 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:25% (LAUGHTER) 24:53.633 --> 24:56.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - OKAY, NOW YOU'RE GETTING ME IN TROUBLE. 24:56.033 --> 24:58.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% - WE'RE DONE NOW. 24:58.800 --> 25:01.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% FROM BILLINGS, MIKE THIS IS INTERESTING, TOO. 25:01.533 --> 25:04.233 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% THIS PERSON HAS SEEN PRAYING MANTIS AND SLUGS 25:04.233 --> 25:08.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% FOR THE FIRST TIME, TELL US MORE, WHY THAT MIGHT BE 25:08.033 --> 25:10.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% AND A LITTLE BIT ABOUT WHAT PRAYING MANTIS MIGHT-- 25:10.766 --> 25:13.200 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% WELL, IF YOU'RE SEEING PRAYING MANTISES IN BILLINGS, 25:13.200 --> 25:16.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% IT'S BECAUSE YOUR NEIGHBORS ARE PROBABLY BUYING THEM 25:16.566 --> 25:21.600 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% FROM ONE OF THE ORGANIC SUPPLIERS. 25:21.600 --> 25:25.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% VERY, VERY RARE TO FIND A NATIVE PRAYING MANTIS 25:25.066 --> 25:28.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% IN MONTANA, THEY DO OCCUR, THEY'RE QUITE SMALL, 25:28.800 --> 25:31.900 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% BUT, IF YOU'RE SEEING THE BIG CHINESE MANTIS, 25:31.900 --> 25:35.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% YOU CAN BUY THE EGG MASSES, THEY'RE CALLED 'OOTHECA' 25:35.200 --> 25:37.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% AND YOU CAN BUY THEM, AND PEOPLE WILL RELEASE THEM 25:37.566 --> 25:38.933 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% IN THEIR GARDEN. 25:38.933 --> 25:41.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THEY THEN LEAVE AND GO TO THE NEIGHBOR'S GARDEN 25:41.266 --> 25:43.633 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% AS SOON AS THEY COME OUT, SO THAT'S ONE THING. 25:43.633 --> 25:48.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% AS FAR AS SLUGS, SLUGS ARE CYCLICAL AND THEY'RE HERE 25:48.233 --> 25:51.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% THEY'RE NATIVE, SOME OF 'EM, THERE'S SOME EXOTIC 25:51.233 --> 25:56.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% ONES AS WELL, IN GARDENS, BUT IT'S JUST WHETHER OR NOT 25:56.133 --> 25:58.000 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% THERE WAS A GOOD YEAR FOR THEM. 25:58.000 --> 26:01.000 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - SOUNDS GOOD, QUICK ONE, IS IT TOO LATE IN THE SEASON 26:01.000 --> 26:02.466 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% TO DIVIDE IRIS? 26:02.466 --> 26:05.300 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - IT IS, YOU ALWAYS WANT TO DIVIDE IRIS, PROBABLY NO MORE 26:05.300 --> 26:07.166 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% THAN A MONTH AFTER THEY FLOWER. 26:07.166 --> 26:12.266 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% - SOUNDS GOOD, REED POINT, LANCE, THIS PERSON 26:12.266 --> 26:14.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% SAID THEY HAVE AN EXPLOSION OF RABBITS 26:14.700 --> 26:18.133 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% IN THE REED POINT AREA, WHICH IS BETWEEN BIG TIMBER AND 26:18.133 --> 26:23.100 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% BILLINGS IS THERE ANY OUTSIDE SYMPTOMS OF TULAREMIA ON 26:23.100 --> 26:29.300 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% EITHER LIVE OR DEAD RABBITS, AND WILL TULAREMIA GO TO PETS? 26:29.300 --> 26:32.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - LOTS OF QUESTIONS THERE, SO THE REASON THEY'RE SAYING 26:32.033 --> 26:35.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% A LOT MORE RABBITS, IS THAT RABBITS, RABBIT POPULATIONS ARE 26:35.800 --> 26:40.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% CYCLIC, SO THEY COME UP AND DOWN, IN MORE THAN ANNUAL 26:40.966 --> 26:43.800 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% CYCLES, SO, OVER A PERIOD OF TIME. 26:43.800 --> 26:47.966 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% TULAREMIA IS A DISEASE OF CONCERN IN RABBITS, BUT, TO MY 26:47.966 --> 26:52.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% KNOWLEDGE IS THERE'S NO DISCERNIBLE, OVERT WAY TO TELL 26:52.766 --> 26:54.900 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% THAT A RABBIT DIED OF TULAREMIA. 26:54.900 --> 26:58.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% IF YOU FIND A DEAD RABBIT, THAT HAS, THAT YOU CAN'T FIND 26:58.666 --> 27:00.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% ANY TYPE OF WOUND OR YOU CAN'T OTHERWISE DETERMINE 27:00.433 --> 27:02.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% WHY IT DIED, THERE'S A GOOD CHANCE THAT IT DIED FROM SOME 27:02.366 --> 27:05.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% PATHOGEN, A PATHOGEN OF SOME KIND, AND TULAREMIA IS 27:05.400 --> 27:06.966 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% A COMMON ONE. 27:06.966 --> 27:09.666 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% AS FAR AS PETS, I DO NOT KNOW. 27:09.666 --> 27:13.666 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% I WOULD ASSUME THAT, I WOULD ASSUME IT WOULD BE 27:13.666 --> 27:15.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% A VERY RARE THING. 27:15.266 --> 27:16.400 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% - OKAY, I THINK THAT'S CORRECT. 27:16.400 --> 27:17.900 align:start position:40% line:10% size:17.5% - YEAH. - TULAREMIA THIS YEAR, 27:17.900 --> 27:20.400 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% THROUGHOUT THE WEST HAS BEEN QUITE COMMON 27:20.400 --> 27:22.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:27.5% HAS IT NOT? 27:22.200 --> 27:25.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - WELL, I DON'T KNOW IF IT'S BEEN COMMON ACROSS THE 27:25.100 --> 27:27.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ENTIRE WEST, BUT I DO KNOW THAT I HAVE ONE GRADUATE 27:27.900 --> 27:30.633 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% STUDENT WORKING ON A RESEARCH PROJECT ON BEAVERS, 27:30.633 --> 27:32.366 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% AND WE'VE HAD A NUMBER OF BEAVERS THAT WE HAVE 27:32.366 --> 27:35.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% FOUND DEAD, THAT HAVE, AND WE'VE TAKEN THEM INTO THE STATE 27:35.666 --> 27:39.366 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% VET FOR NECROPSY AND SHE THINKS THAT THEY DIED OF TULAREMIA. 27:39.366 --> 27:42.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% - I READ AN ARTICLE RECENTLY, FROM COLORADO WHERE I THINK 27:42.633 --> 27:46.066 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THEY SHARE THEY'VE HAD ABOUT A DOZEN CASES OF TULAREMIA 27:46.066 --> 27:48.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AND A COUPLE PEOPLE HAVE ACTUALLY PASSED AWAY BECAUSE 27:48.833 --> 27:51.000 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% OF TULAREMIA. - THAT'S UNFORTUNATE. 27:51.000 --> 27:56.433 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% - IT'S ON THAT ISSUE, ONCE IT FREEZES, IT'S THEORETICALLY, 27:56.433 --> 27:58.933 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% TULAREMIA DISAPPEARS, IS THAT TRUE? 27:58.933 --> 28:02.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - I'M NOT SURE, MIKE, IS TULAREMIA VECTORED 28:02.400 --> 28:04.133 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% BY AN INSECT? 28:04.133 --> 28:06.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - I DON'T BELIEVE SO, I THINK IT'S CONTACT TO CONTACT 28:06.033 --> 28:08.500 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THAT'S THE WAY PEOPLE GET IT, IS WHEN THEY'RE CLEANING 28:08.500 --> 28:10.866 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% A RABBIT THEY CUT THEMSELVES. - YES. 28:10.866 --> 28:15.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - I BELIEVE IT'S A DIRECT CONTACT, I'VE NEVER HEARD 28:15.066 --> 28:17.800 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% OF AN INSECT VECTOR OR AN ARTHROPOD VECTOR. 28:17.800 --> 28:19.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - WELL, IF THAT'S THE CASE, THEN I WOULD EXPECT IT 28:19.700 --> 28:21.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% TO LULL A BIT AS THERE'S A LOT OF DIE-OFF, ESPECIALLY 28:21.933 --> 28:24.500 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% IN RABBIT POPULATIONS HERE IN WINTER TIME, 28:24.500 --> 28:27.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% AS THEY'RE PREDATED ON, BUT IT WON'T GO AWAY. 28:27.400 --> 28:31.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% IT'LL ALWAYS BE THERE AT SOME ZERO PREVALENCE. 28:31.400 --> 28:35.300 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - MATT, THIS PERSON IS CURIOUS, FROM GREAT FALLS, 28:35.300 --> 28:39.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ARE YOU SEEING AN INCREASE IN SMALL FARMS THAT ARE 28:39.933 --> 28:42.566 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% PRODUCING PRODUCTS FOR PROFIT? 28:42.566 --> 28:46.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - YEAH, YEAH, I AM, AND IT'S EXCITING TO SEE THAT. 28:46.100 --> 28:48.033 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% I'M DEFINITELY WORKIN' WITH A NUMBER OF PRODUCERS 28:48.033 --> 28:51.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% WHO'VE MADE A STEP INTO THE LEVEL WHERE THEY'RE 28:51.133 --> 28:54.033 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% EMPLOYING PEOPLE AND MAKING A LIVING DOIN' IT. 28:54.033 --> 28:56.966 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% I THINK THAT'S A GOOD THING TO SEE. 28:56.966 --> 29:01.066 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - OKAY, LANCE, WE'RE GETTIN' A LOT OF QUESTIONS FOR YOU. 29:01.066 --> 29:02.866 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% SINCE YOU'RE THE GUEST, WE'RE GONNA HIT YOU WITH A FEW 29:02.866 --> 29:04.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% MORE OF 'EM. 29:04.433 --> 29:07.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% DO YOU HAVE SUGGESTIONS FOR A WAY TO CONTROL OR ELIMINATE 29:07.900 --> 29:12.866 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% BADGERS IN CROP AND OR RANCH LAND? 29:12.866 --> 29:16.166 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY AT REDUCING BADGER POPULATIONS 29:16.166 --> 29:19.800 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% IS TRAPPING, AND SO, THEY'RE REALLY EASY TO TRAP, 29:19.800 --> 29:21.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% 'CAUSE THEY COME OUT OF THEIR BURROWS IN A CERTAIN 29:21.733 --> 29:25.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% SPOT, SO THEY'RE PRETTY EASY TO DO, SO, THAT'S WHAT 29:25.600 --> 29:27.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I WOULD RECOMMEND. 29:27.166 --> 29:29.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - BUT AREN'T BADGERS GONNA TAKE OUT AN AWFUL LOT OF THINGS 29:29.133 --> 29:30.833 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THAT ARE EATING CROPS? 29:30.833 --> 29:34.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - OH, ABSOLUTELY, YEAH, THANKS MIKE, I SHOULD HAVE 29:34.033 --> 29:35.133 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% MENTIONED THAT. 29:35.133 --> 29:37.500 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% YEAH, SO BADGERS ACTUALLY DO, THEY ACTUALLY PROVIDE 29:37.500 --> 29:40.200 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% A LOT OF SERVICE TO THOSE SMALL RODENTS AND THINGS 29:40.200 --> 29:41.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% THAT ARE ACTUALLY DEPREDATING CROPS. 29:41.866 --> 29:43.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% SO, THEY'RE KINDA NICE TO HAVE AROUND. 29:43.533 --> 29:45.566 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - YEAH, I WOULD AGREE. 29:45.566 --> 29:48.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - MIKE, EARWIG TREATMENT, IN THE FALL TO REDUCE EARWIGS 29:48.466 --> 29:51.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% FOR NEXT SUMMER, I DON'T KNOW OF ANYTHING, DO YOU? 29:51.033 --> 29:55.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - WINTER WILL EVENTUALLY DO IT, EXCEPT IN THE GARAGE, 29:55.100 --> 30:00.466 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% WHICH IS WHERE THEY ALL SEEM TO GO. 30:00.466 --> 30:03.233 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% THAT IS ONE OF THOSE SITUATIONS WHERE CONTEXT IS EVERYTHING. 30:03.233 --> 30:09.533 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% YOU CAN CLOSE UP FOOD SOURCES TO KEEP THEM OUT, YOU CAN 30:09.533 --> 30:12.166 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% CLEAN THINGS UP TO KEEP THEM OUT, BUT THEY'RE GONNA BE 30:12.166 --> 30:14.966 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% IN YOUR WOOD PILES AND SO ON, THE QUESTION IS, IS ARE THEY 30:14.966 --> 30:17.800 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% BAD ENOUGH TO ACTUALLY TREAT FOR. 30:17.800 --> 30:20.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% ARE THEY IN A PLACE WHERE YOU REALLY NEED TO TREAT FOR THEM. 30:20.633 --> 30:25.566 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% THEY'RE IRRITATING, I'M AN ENTOMOLOGIST, 30:25.566 --> 30:29.233 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% I LIKE INSECTS, I HATE EARWIGS, (LAUGHTER) YOU KNOW. 30:29.233 --> 30:31.066 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - A LOT OF PEOPLE DO. 30:31.066 --> 30:32.900 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% - THEY'RE REALLY NOT VERY HARMFUL ARE THEY? 30:32.900 --> 30:35.700 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - SO, I FEEL FOR THEM, THEY'RE IRRITATING, THEY TASTE 30:35.700 --> 30:37.600 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% BAD, SO THEY GET INTO THE DOG FOOD, DOG DOESN'T 30:37.600 --> 30:40.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% WANT TO EAT IT, THEY'RE ALWAYS IN PLACES WHERE YOU 30:40.800 --> 30:44.333 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% DON'T WANT THEM, AND THEY'RE SQUIRMY WHEN YOU GO 30:44.333 --> 30:45.566 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% TO SQUISH THEM. 30:45.566 --> 30:47.133 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% - AND YOU'RE AN ENTOMOLOGIST? (LAUGHTER) 30:47.133 --> 30:49.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - YEAH, THEY'RE JUST A PAIN, AND THEY'RE NONNATIVE, 30:49.733 --> 30:51.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THEY'RE ANOTHER ONE OF THOSE THINGS THAT CAME 30:51.166 --> 30:54.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% OUT OF EUROPE WITH US AND THERE'S NO GOOD PREDATORS 30:54.866 --> 30:56.666 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% OR PARASITES ON THEM. 30:56.666 --> 30:58.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - [TOBY] ANOTHER THING THAT I SOMETIMES RECOMMEND IS JUST 30:58.633 --> 31:01.900 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% PUTTIN' UP A ROLLED UP NEWSPAPER, ROLL 31:01.900 --> 31:06.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ROLL 'EM UP TIGHT, THEY'LL USUALLY FIND LITTLE FOLDS AND 31:06.133 --> 31:08.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% PLACES WHERE THEY LIKE TO HIDE AND THEN YOU CAN JUST 31:08.300 --> 31:09.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% THROW OUT THE NEWSPAPER OR RECYCLE IT. 31:09.900 --> 31:11.966 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - OH, NO, NO, YOU BURN IT. - BURN IT? 31:11.966 --> 31:14.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - YES, IT'S MUCH MORE SATISFYING. (LAUGHTER) 31:14.400 --> 31:16.433 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% IF YOU LISTEN CLOSELY, YOU CAN HEAR 'EM POP. 31:16.433 --> 31:18.733 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% (LOUD LAUGHTER) 31:18.733 --> 31:21.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - ALL RIGHT, ENOUGH WITH EARWIGS, LANCE, AND WE'VE HAD 31:21.333 --> 31:24.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% SEVERAL QUESTIONS ABOUT VOLES AND GOPHERS, WHICH I 31:24.100 --> 31:27.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% THINK THEY'RE REFERRING TO GROUND SQUIRRELS. 31:27.500 --> 31:31.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% THIS PARTICULAR PERSON FROM BOZEMAN HAS LOTS OF VOLES 31:31.633 --> 31:35.200 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% AND GOPHERS, GROUND SQUIRRELS MOVING IN FROM THEIR 31:35.200 --> 31:39.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% NEIGHBORS, IS THERE ANY WAY THAT THEY CAN STOP THOSE 31:39.466 --> 31:43.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% CREATURES FROM MOVING INTO THEIR PROPERTY? 31:43.166 --> 31:45.833 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% - TRY GETTING A NEW NEIGHBOR. (LAUGHTER) 31:45.833 --> 31:48.266 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% SO, YEAH, IT'S GONNA BE ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO 31:48.266 --> 31:50.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% CONTROL VOLES OR REDUCE VOLES, IF YOU DON'T HAVE 31:50.533 --> 31:53.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% A COMMUNITY LEVEL KIND OF COOPERATIVE. 31:53.866 --> 31:57.333 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% BECAUSE, YOU GUYS KNOW THIS, SO VOLES ARE 31:57.333 --> 32:00.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% HIGHLY PROLIFIC, SO THEY HAVE LIKE, THEY CAN HAVE 32:00.933 --> 32:02.900 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% MULTIPLE LITTERS IN A SEASON, AND THEY CAN HAVE 32:02.900 --> 32:07.366 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% A LARGE NUMBER OF PUPS IN EACH LITTER, SO EVEN 32:07.366 --> 32:10.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% JUVENILES CAN HAVE, CAN BORE YOUNG IN THE SEASON 32:10.600 --> 32:12.266 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% THAT THEY WERE BORN. 32:12.266 --> 32:14.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% SO, THEY JUST KEEP COMIN'. 32:14.133 --> 32:16.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% SO, IF YOUR NEIGHBORS NOT HELPIN' YOU OUT, 32:16.266 --> 32:18.000 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THEN YOU'RE GONNA HAVE A HARD TIME KEEPING 32:18.000 --> 32:19.300 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THEM OUT OF YOUR YARD. 32:19.300 --> 32:21.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% BUT, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF MEASURES WHICH, I MEAN, 32:21.166 --> 32:22.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% I WAS WATCHING THE SHOW LAST WEEK AND TOBY MENTIONED 32:22.566 --> 32:26.300 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% A COUPLE OF MEASURES FOR PREVENTING DAMAGE. 32:26.300 --> 32:29.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% THE MOST EFFECTIVE THING THAT YOU CAN DO IS TO CHANGE 32:29.600 --> 32:32.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% THE HABITAT CONDITIONS, SO REMOVE THE COVER. 32:32.433 --> 32:34.800 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% SO, IF YOU'RE HAVING PROBLEMS IN YOUR GARDEN, 32:34.800 --> 32:37.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% GETTING INTO YOUR GARDEN, THEN CREATE A BUFFER AROUND 32:37.066 --> 32:39.400 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% YOUR GARDEN OF JUST BARE SOIL OR ROCKS, THEY DON'T WANNA 32:39.400 --> 32:41.500 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% COME UP OVER, RUN OVER THAT. 32:41.500 --> 32:44.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% IN THE FALL, BEFORE WINTER, YOU WANNA REMOVE, YOU WANT TO 32:44.666 --> 32:47.533 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% CUT YOUR GRASS SHORT AND THEN REMOVE ALL THE THATCH SO THAT 32:47.533 --> 32:49.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THEY DON'T HAVE ANY COVER AND THE SNOW CAN KINDA GET 32:49.866 --> 32:53.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% CAMPACTED THERE, TO PROTECT YOUR TREES, YOU CAN WRAP THOSE 32:53.433 --> 32:56.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% IN HARDWARE CLOTH, MAKE SURE YOU'RE BURYING IT 32:56.066 --> 32:58.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% TO THREE OR FOUR INCHES. 32:58.333 --> 32:59.766 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% AND OF COURSE, DON'T GIRDLE YOUR TREES WITH 32:59.766 --> 33:01.733 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% THE HARDWARE CLOTH. (LAUGHTER) 33:01.733 --> 33:05.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - COULD YOU REALISTICALLY EXPECT A INSTALLED RAPTOR PERCH 33:05.133 --> 33:07.866 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% OF SOME SORT TO DRAW A BIRD IN AND HELP YOU OUT? 33:07.866 --> 33:13.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - NO, THE DETERRENTS, OR THE SCARE DEVICES FOR THINGS ARE 33:13.100 --> 33:16.000 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% JUST KIND OF INEFFECTIVE, THEY USUALLY WORK FOR TWO OR THREE 33:16.000 --> 33:18.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% DAYS AND THEN ANIMALS GET HABITUATED TO 'EM. 33:18.400 --> 33:20.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - YEAH, BUT I'M TRYIN' TO BRING A REAL RAPTOR IN. 33:20.033 --> 33:22.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - WELL, THAT WOULD BE GOOD, YEAH, IF YOU COULD DO THAT, 33:22.566 --> 33:26.866 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THAT WOULD HELP A LOT. 33:26.866 --> 33:30.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% YOU CAN BRING DOWN POPULATIONS WITH A CONCENTRATED 33:30.633 --> 33:35.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% TRAPPING EFFORT, SNAP TRAPS IN THE RUNS, BUT AS SOON AS 33:35.133 --> 33:37.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% YOUR ENTHUSIASM FOR TRAPPING WANES, THEY'RE GONNA 33:37.466 --> 33:41.766 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% COME RIGHT BACK, SO YEAH, TALK TO YOUR NEIGHBORS. 33:41.766 --> 33:44.000 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - YOU KNOW, WE'RE GETTING A BUNCH OF HERBICIDE QUESTIONS, 33:44.000 --> 33:46.633 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% WEED PROBLEM QUESTIONS TONIGHT AND WE'RE GONNA HAVE 33:46.633 --> 33:50.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% JANE MANGOLD BACK ON PANEL, NEXT WEEK OR TWO, WE'RE GONNA 33:50.466 --> 33:53.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% HOLD THOSE FOR HER, BECAUSE SHE'S MUCH MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE 33:53.366 --> 33:56.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% THAN THESE PEOPLE ARE IN THAT AREA. 33:56.200 --> 33:59.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% FROM LAKESIDE, THIS ONE I'M UNFAMILIAR WITH. 33:59.100 --> 34:02.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% HOW WELL DOES A PRODUCT CALLED CAB FRESH WORK TO KEEP 34:02.633 --> 34:05.300 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% PACK RATS OUT OF VEHICLES AND CABINS? 34:05.300 --> 34:07.066 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% HAS ANYBODY EVER HEARD OF THAT? 34:07.066 --> 34:08.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - I'M SORRY, NO, I DON'T KNOW WHAT THAT IS. 34:08.466 --> 34:09.900 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% - I HAVEN'T EITHER. 34:09.900 --> 34:16.333 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% YOU KNOW WHAT, WE'LL FIND OUT AND CHECK. 34:16.333 --> 34:19.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% FROM MCALLISTER, WE GOT LANCE UP, WE'LL JUST STAY 34:19.333 --> 34:21.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% RIGHT THERE, HE HAS DEER MICE GETTING INTO HIS HOUSE'S 34:21.833 --> 34:24.100 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% BASEMENT, HE HAS BEEN TOLD THAT POISONS THAT ARE 34:24.100 --> 34:28.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AVAILABLE NOW ARE NOT AS EFFECTIVE AS IN THE PAST, DUE TO 34:28.700 --> 34:31.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% A LOWER CONCENTRATION OF ACTIVE INGREDIENT. 34:31.400 --> 34:32.900 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% IS THAT TRUE? 34:32.900 --> 34:37.833 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - I'M UNSURE IF THAT'S TRUE, BUT, YOU KNOW, IN MY HOUSE, I'M 34:37.833 --> 34:40.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% CONSTANTLY BATTLING DEER MICE GETTING INTO THE HOUSE. 34:40.833 --> 34:43.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% SO, MAKE A CONCERTED EFFORT TO CLOSE UP ALL OF THE SMALL 34:43.533 --> 34:45.600 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% GAPS, THEY CAN GET THROUGH A SPACE THAT'S LESS THAN 34:45.600 --> 34:47.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% A QUARTER OF AN INCH, EVEN. 34:47.400 --> 34:51.166 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% SO, AND JUST LIKE THE VOLES THEY ARE HIGHLY PROLIFIC, 34:51.166 --> 34:53.133 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% SO YOU KINDA HAVE TO, THEY'LL BE CYCLIC. 34:53.133 --> 34:55.733 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% YOU'LL WHACK THE POPULATION DOWN AND TWO MORE 34:55.733 --> 34:57.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% WILL GET IN SOME LITTLE CRACK IN YOUR HOUSE AND THEN 34:57.933 --> 35:00.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% YOU'LL HAVE ANOTHER BOOM, AND YOU JUST KEEP AT IT. 35:00.266 --> 35:03.200 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% SO, I'M NOT SURE ABOUT THAT, REDUCED CONCENTRATION. 35:03.200 --> 35:08.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - ARE THERE SOME EFFECTIVE POISONS FOR DEER MICE? 35:08.033 --> 35:12.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - SURE, WELL I MEAN, YES, SO THERE ARE SEVERAL COMMERCIALLY 35:12.433 --> 35:17.200 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% AVAILABLE AT ANY HARDWARE STORE, RAT/MOUSE POISONS THAT 35:17.200 --> 35:18.600 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:25% WILL WORK. - TABLETS. 35:18.600 --> 35:20.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - YEAH, EXACTLY, WELL, AND ACTUALLY I WOULDN'T WANT 35:20.266 --> 35:22.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% TO PUT OUT TABLETS, THEY MAKE THESE ENCLOSED TRAPS, 35:22.766 --> 35:24.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% THAT ONLY A MOUSE CAN GET IN. 35:24.633 --> 35:28.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% ALL RIGHT, SO ONE OF THE THINGS ABOUT POISONING RATHER 35:28.833 --> 35:31.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% THAN LIKE USING SNAP TRAPS OR SOME OTHER DEVICE IS THAT 35:31.566 --> 35:35.033 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% IT TAKES A WHILE FOR THAT TO WORK, AND IF THE MOUSE GETS OUT 35:35.033 --> 35:38.366 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% AND PERHAPS YOUR CAT CAN CONSUME IT THERE MAYBE SOME RISK. 35:38.366 --> 35:41.266 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THAT'S PROBABLY WHY, IF THEY HAVE LOWERED THE CONCENTRATION, 35:41.266 --> 35:45.166 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% TO PREVENT SECONDARY TROPHIC CASCADES OF THE POISON. 35:45.166 --> 35:51.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - SOUNDS GOOD, TOBY, THIS PERSON WANTS TO STORE SQUASH, 35:51.066 --> 35:53.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% SHE HAS A ROOT CELLAR, ANY SUGGESTIONS FOR IT? 35:53.466 --> 35:55.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - WELL, THE FIRST THING I WOULD DO WITH THE SQUASH IS 35:55.366 --> 35:58.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% HOPEFULLY IT'S GOING TO BE SUNNY IN THE NEXT FEW DAYS, 35:58.066 --> 36:00.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% GET IT OUT IN THE SUN, GET IT OUT IN THE WARMTH, IT'LL 36:00.566 --> 36:02.866 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% SUBARIZE AGAIN, THAT KIND OF THE OUTSIDE SKIN, 36:02.866 --> 36:04.433 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% TOUGHEN UP THAT SKIN. 36:04.433 --> 36:06.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% THEN YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO STORE IT IN A COOL, KINDA DRY 36:06.900 --> 36:10.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% SPOT, OR DRIER SPOT, YOU DON'T WANT THE HUMIDITY TOO HIGH, 36:10.633 --> 36:14.500 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% I THINK 50, 60 PERCENT, WHICH A CRAWL SPACE WOULD BE JUST 36:14.500 --> 36:16.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% ABOUT PERFECT FOR THAT. - OKAY. 36:16.666 --> 36:19.166 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - AND YOU WANNA WATCH AGAIN, ANY KIND OF WOUNDING, AND SO 36:19.166 --> 36:22.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% DON'T THROW IT IN A WHEEL BARROW, DON'T GET ANY KIND 36:22.900 --> 36:26.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% OF MARKS, DENTS, SCRATCHES, ANYTIME YOU HAVE THAT, THAT'S 36:26.566 --> 36:29.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% WHEN YOU CAN GET INFECTION, THEN THE MOLDS WILL TAKE THOSE 36:29.433 --> 36:31.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% OUT, SO BE GENTLE WITH THEM. 36:31.533 --> 36:33.500 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - THEY'LL CONTINUE TO RIPEN IN STORAGE AS WELL. 36:33.500 --> 36:35.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% SO, IF MAYBE YOUR BUTTERNUTS DIDN'T QUITE FINISH UP 36:35.666 --> 36:38.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% THOSE CAN CONTINUE TO RIPEN SOME, NOT NECESSARILY 36:38.733 --> 36:40.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% FROM A GREEN STAGE, BUT. 36:40.800 --> 36:45.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - OKAY, RIGHT, A COMMENT FROM HELENA, THIS PERSON 36:45.833 --> 36:48.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% CALLED IN AND SAID RABBITS WITH TULAREMIA WILL HAVE 36:48.866 --> 36:52.400 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% WHITE SPOTS ON THE LIVER, THAT ARE VISIBLE IN A NECROPSY, 36:52.400 --> 36:54.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% AND I THINK THAT'S TRUE, I THINK I'VE READ THAT. 36:54.333 --> 36:57.100 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% - YOU CAN DEFINITELY SEE LESIONS INTERNALLY, BUT YOU CAN'T 36:57.100 --> 37:00.100 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% TELL EXTERNALLY, IF TULAREMIA KILLED A RABBIT. 37:00.100 --> 37:03.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% - CLARIFIED THAT. - THANKS FOR THE CALL. 37:03.266 --> 37:06.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - NO THAT'S GREAT, WE LIKE COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS. 37:06.333 --> 37:10.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% FROM BILLINGS, MACK AND TOBY WHAT'S A SPINNING-TYPE 37:10.100 --> 37:14.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% COMPOSTER, AND THEY FOLLOWED THE DIRECTIONS, THEY USED 37:14.100 --> 37:17.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% GRASS CLIPPINGS, DRY LEAVES, WATER, ETC., BUT IT DOESN'T 37:17.666 --> 37:20.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% WORK FOR 'EM, VERY WELL, ANY THOUGHT ON THAT? 37:20.833 --> 37:22.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - MAYBE IT NEEDS MORE WATER? 37:22.700 --> 37:25.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - WELL, THROW A SHOVELFUL OF SOIL IN THERE, GET SOME 37:25.133 --> 37:28.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% MICROBES GOING, AND IF YOU GOT TRILLIONS OF MICROBES 37:28.900 --> 37:32.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% IN THAT SHOVELFUL OF SOIL, THAT'LL HELP THE PROCESS, 37:32.433 --> 37:35.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% THE OTHER PART OF IT TOO, IS A LOT OF THOSE SPINNING-TYPE 37:35.100 --> 37:38.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% COMPOSTERS SIMPLY DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH VOLUME AND SO 37:38.633 --> 37:42.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% THEY STAY COLD, AND SO YOU REALLY NEED ABOUT A CUBIC YARD 37:42.433 --> 37:44.966 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% REALLY, TO START THAT COMPOSTING PROCESS, AND MOST OF 'EM 37:44.966 --> 37:46.466 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% ARE TOO SMALL. 37:46.466 --> 37:47.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% SO, GET THE LARGEST ONE YOU CAN, AND IF YOU ALREADY 37:47.966 --> 37:51.066 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% HAVE ONE, SELL IT IN A GARAGE SALE, GET A BIGGER ONE. 37:51.066 --> 37:52.466 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% I DON'T KNOW. 37:52.466 --> 37:53.800 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:25% (LAUGHTER) 37:53.800 --> 37:56.566 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% I LIKE PUTTIN' COMPOST IN COMPOST PILES, 37:56.566 --> 38:01.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% SIZE AS THAT SPINNER AND IT WORKS A LOT BETTER. 38:01.600 --> 38:03.766 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - NOW THIS CAME IN FROM LAST WEEK, AND I'M BRINGING IT 38:03.766 --> 38:07.300 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% UP BECAUSE I'M CURIOUS, AND I DIDN'T REALIZE THIS, BUT THIS 38:07.300 --> 38:11.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% IS FROM A BIRD PERSON, AND THEY WANT TO KNOW WHAT HAPPENED 38:11.033 --> 38:13.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% TO ALL THE FINCHES THIS YEAR, IS THERE A REASON 38:13.533 --> 38:15.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THE POPULATION'S DOWN? 38:15.733 --> 38:19.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - YOU KNOW, I HEARD THAT QUESTION EARLIER, AND I DIDN'T 38:19.433 --> 38:22.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% REALLY HAVE A GOOD ANSWER FOR IT, SO I DON'T KNOW MUCH 38:22.233 --> 38:26.866 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% ABOUT FINCHES, I HAVE TO SAY, SO THERE'S A LOT GOING ON 38:26.866 --> 38:29.733 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% WITH MIGRATORY BIRD POPULATIONS AND THEY CAN BE 38:29.733 --> 38:33.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% SUSCEPTIBLE TO ALL KINDS OF THINGS, SO THERE COULD BE 38:33.533 --> 38:38.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% LIMITING HABITAT CONDITIONS HERE, BUT MORE LIKELY 38:38.400 --> 38:42.366 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THERE WAS SOME SORT OF LIMITING FACTOR THAT OCCURRED 38:42.366 --> 38:44.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ON IT'S WINTERING GROUNDS. 38:44.266 --> 38:45.633 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - YEAH, I WOULD AGREE WITH THAT ENTIRELY. 38:45.633 --> 38:47.866 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% - IF THERE'S A DRASTIC CHANGE FROM ONE YEAR TO THE NEXT 38:47.866 --> 38:50.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% USUALLY IT'S ACCOUNTED FOR BY LARGE DIE-OFF ON THE 38:50.733 --> 38:53.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% WINTERING GROUNDS OR IN TRANSIT BETWEEN THE TWO. 38:53.866 --> 38:56.500 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - [JACK] ALL RIGHT, WHILE WE HAVE YOU ON FROM HAVRE, 38:56.500 --> 39:00.700 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% THIS PERSON SAW BLACK VULTURES, A LOT OF BIRD QUESTIONS 39:00.700 --> 39:03.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% TONIGHT, FEEDING ON A DEER CARCASS, I'VE NEVER SEEN THAT 39:03.933 --> 39:06.166 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% BEFORE, ARE THEY NEW TO MONTANA? 39:06.166 --> 39:08.566 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% IF SO, IS THIS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE? 39:08.566 --> 39:11.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% THAT'S A TOUGH QUESTION TO ANSWER, SOME 39:11.300 --> 39:12.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% CONJECTURE ON YOUR PART? 39:12.800 --> 39:17.900 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% SURE, YEAH, SO BLACK VULTURES ARE RARE, 39:17.900 --> 39:21.333 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% OR HAVE BEEN RARE AT LEAST, IN MONTANA. 39:21.333 --> 39:25.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% TO SEE ONE, UP NEAR HAVRE, THAT WOULD BE VERY UNIQUE. 39:25.700 --> 39:27.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% BUT I WOULD EXPECT TO SEE MORE AND MORE BLACK 39:27.400 --> 39:30.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% VULTURES AS WE CONTINUE TO GET WARMER AND WARMER, 39:30.633 --> 39:32.366 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% MILDER AND MILDER WINTERS, YES. 39:32.366 --> 39:34.533 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% - [TOBY] WOULDN'T YOU SAY TOO, WHEN I WAS A KID, GROWIN' UP 39:34.533 --> 39:38.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% IN MONTANA, IT WAS RARE IF I SAW A BALD EAGLE. 39:38.666 --> 39:41.733 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% I REALLY THINK, AND I DON'T KNOW IF YOU CAN TOUCH ON THIS, 39:41.733 --> 39:45.166 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% BUT MAYBE JUST THE ELIMINATION OF DDT, HAS THAT INCREASED 39:45.166 --> 39:48.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% BIRD POPULATIONS, RAPTOR POPULATIONS? 39:48.033 --> 39:53.033 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - WELL, CERTAINLY FOR RAPTOR AND FOR VULTURES, 39:53.033 --> 39:56.300 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THE ELIMINATION OF DDT HAD SIGNIFICANT AND RAPID 39:56.300 --> 40:01.500 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% POSITIVE IMPACTS FOR THEM, SO THAT MAY BE THE CASE. 40:01.500 --> 40:04.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% DDT HAS BEEN ELIMINATED FOR SEVERAL DECADES NOW, 40:04.366 --> 40:09.466 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% SO THE RECENT OBSERVATION OF A BLACK VULTURE, THIS FAR 40:09.466 --> 40:11.933 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% NORTH IS PROBABLY LESS TO DO WITH DDT PROBABLY, 40:11.933 --> 40:15.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% THAN JUST A NORTHWARD SHIFT IN THEIR DISTRIBUTION. 40:15.800 --> 40:18.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - SOME OF THE WORMING AGENTS HAVE PROBLEMS WITH 40:18.733 --> 40:21.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% VULTURES IN SOME PARTS OF THE WORLD, IS THAT AFFECTING 40:21.700 --> 40:23.100 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:12.5% OURS? 40:23.100 --> 40:24.966 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% - I DO NOT KNOW. 40:24.966 --> 40:26.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - YOU KNOW, YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE AND 40:26.700 --> 40:30.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% BIRD POPULATIONS, I LIKE TO HUNT DUCKS, AND IN AREAS 40:30.266 --> 40:33.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% THAT I HUNT DUCKS, IN COLORADO AND MONTANA, WE'RE 40:33.766 --> 40:38.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% SEEIN' IBIS NOW, WHICH 10 YEARS AGO YOU NEVER SAW, 40:38.333 --> 40:42.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% BLACK IBIS, SO YOU DO CHANGE PATTERNS OF ANIMALS 40:42.766 --> 40:45.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% WHEN TEMPERATURES CHANGE, FOR WHATEVER REASON. 40:45.566 --> 40:50.766 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% OKAY, FROM BOZEMAN, A QUESTION FOR MIKE, 40:50.766 --> 40:53.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% THIS IS INTERESTING, THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT STINGING 40:53.300 --> 40:57.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% INSECTS, IF YOU ARE ALLERGIC TO ONE KIND, ARE YOU ALLERGIC 40:57.366 --> 40:59.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% TO ALL THE OTHER KINDS? 40:59.133 --> 41:01.600 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU'RE ALLERGIC TO HONEY BEES ARE YOU 41:01.600 --> 41:04.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% ALSO ALLERGIC TO WASPS? 41:04.133 --> 41:06.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - THIS IS A GREAT QUESTION. - IT IS. 41:06.100 --> 41:09.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% - AND, THIS IS SOMETHING THAT WE TALK ABOUT A LOT, BECAUSE 41:09.233 --> 41:11.500 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% SOME OF THESE THINGS, THEY'RE NOT ALL THAT CLOSELY RELATED 41:11.500 --> 41:13.500 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% TO EACH OTHER. 41:13.500 --> 41:16.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% THE PROBLEM IS, THERE'S NO EXPERIMENTAL METHOD THAT 41:16.866 --> 41:20.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% WOULD MEET THE REQUIREMENTS FOR VALID RESEARCH, 41:20.633 --> 41:23.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% BECAUSE YOU'D HAVE TO JUST TRY THIS, AND IT WOULD 41:23.300 --> 41:26.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% PROBABLY END UP LOSING SOME OF YOUR STUDY ORGANISMS. 41:26.600 --> 41:31.500 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% SO, BASICALLY, YOU WANT TO AVOID STINGING HYMENOPTERA 41:31.500 --> 41:35.366 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% IF YOU ARE ALLERGIC TO ANY OF THEM. 41:35.366 --> 41:39.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% I WOULD NOT SUGGEST TRYING IT, IT'S JUST NOT WORTH IT, 41:39.800 --> 41:44.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% BUT, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT IT IS SPECIFIC, BUT IT IS NOT 41:44.466 --> 41:47.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% ADVISABLE TO TEMPT FATE. 41:47.466 --> 41:50.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - ARE THE BEE VENOMS THAT YOU CAN GET TESTED FOR 41:50.366 --> 41:54.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% WITH YOUR PHYSICIAN, IS THAT A GENERIC BEE VENOM? 41:54.800 --> 41:58.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - GENERALLY, JUST AS FAR AS I KNOW, AND NOW WE'RE INTO 41:58.633 --> 42:02.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% MEDICAL STUFF, SO I PROBABLY SHOULD JUST BE QUIET NOW, 42:02.133 --> 42:06.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% BUT, AS FAR AS I KNOW IT'S USUALLY HONEY BEES, IT MAY ALSO 42:06.266 --> 42:10.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% BE YELLOW JACKETS, BUT THERE'S A WHOLE 42:10.866 --> 42:14.666 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% BUNCH OF, WELL THERE'S TENS OF THOUSANDS 42:14.666 --> 42:16.833 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% OF STINGING HYMENOPTERA TYPES. 42:16.833 --> 42:21.266 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% THERE'S PROBABLY 750 KINDS OF BEES JUST IN MONTANA, OR MORE. 42:21.266 --> 42:25.400 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% AND THEN YOU GET INTO THE STINGING WASPS AND SO ON, AND 42:25.400 --> 42:31.100 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% THEY'RE ALL SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT, BUT IT DEPENDS ON THE ACTUAL 42:31.100 --> 42:35.866 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% PROTEIN THAT YOU'RE ALLERGIC TO AND HOW CLOSE THAT IS. 42:35.866 --> 42:38.933 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% AND THEY'RE ALL EVOLUTIONARY RELATED, SO IT'S POSSIBLE 42:38.933 --> 42:41.066 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% THAT THEY COULD BE. 42:41.066 --> 42:42.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - YOU KNOW WE ASKED FOR SUGGESTIONS, AND WE'RE GETTIN' 42:42.833 --> 42:45.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% LOTS OF 'EM, WHICH WE DO APPRECIATE, FROM LAUREL AND 42:45.400 --> 42:50.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% ALSO FROM MALTA, CALLERS SAID THAT CAB FRESH WORKS 42:50.433 --> 42:54.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% VERY WELL IN KEEPING AND CONTROLLING MICE IN TRACTORS 42:54.766 --> 42:57.200 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% AND OTHER TYPES OF EQUIPMENT. 42:57.200 --> 42:58.900 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% - HAVE THEY TOLD US WHAT CAB FRESH IS? 42:58.900 --> 43:00.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - I DON'T KNOW WHAT CAB FRESH IS, THEY CAN CALL AND 43:00.766 --> 43:03.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% READ THE LABEL TO US AND WE WILL ALL LEARN SOMETHING 43:03.333 --> 43:06.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% TONIGHT, EVIDENTLY IT WORKS. 43:06.400 --> 43:08.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - I'M GONNA LOOK THAT UP AS SOON AS I GET HOME. 43:08.066 --> 43:11.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - SOUNDS GOOD, AND THEN FROM OLESON, FIRST CALL I THINK 43:11.800 --> 43:15.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% WE'VE EVER HAD FROM OLESON, SUGGESTIONS FOR VOLE CONTROL, 43:15.700 --> 43:19.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% AND WE KNOW THIS, TOMCATS, CATS IN GENERAL ARE VERY, 43:19.233 --> 43:21.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% VERY GOOD AT VOLE CONTROL. 43:21.566 --> 43:25.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% LET ME JUST COMMENT ON THE CATS, IF YOU WILL, SO YES, 43:25.900 --> 43:29.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% IF YOU DON'T LIKE SONGBIRDS, 'CAUSE CATS KILL A LOT 43:29.900 --> 43:32.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% SONGBIRDS, SO, IF YOU'RE GONNA USE CATS THEN PUT THEM 43:32.900 --> 43:34.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% OUT AFTER THE SONGBIRDS HAVE HATCHED THEIR NESTS AND 43:34.900 --> 43:36.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% THEY'RE FIXIN' TO LEAVE. 43:36.700 --> 43:40.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% SO FROM LATE JULY UNTIL WINTERTIME, THAT'S A GREAT TIME 43:40.833 --> 43:43.633 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% TO PUT YOUR CATS OUT THERE AND BE ASSURED THAT THEY'RE 43:43.633 --> 43:46.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% NOT GONNA HAVE NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON YOUR SONGBIRDS. 43:46.466 --> 43:48.766 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% - SOUNDS GOOD, AND I APPRECIATE THAT COMMENT, 43:48.766 --> 43:51.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% THAT'S VERY, VERY TRUE. 43:51.166 --> 43:55.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% NORTH OF WHITEFISH, LANCE, DO MINK OR ERMINE LIVE HERE? 43:55.166 --> 43:58.300 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% HE WAS OUTDOORS SAWING WOOD WITH HIS SAW, SOUNDED 43:58.300 --> 44:01.266 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% LIKE A RABBIT SCREAMING AND SAW A SLINKY WEASEL-LOOKING 44:01.266 --> 44:03.500 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% ANIMAL WATCHING HIM. 44:03.500 --> 44:05.133 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% - YES, TO BOTH. 44:05.133 --> 44:08.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - OKAY, THEY'RE COMMON. - YEAH. 44:08.300 --> 44:13.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - SO, MINK ARE MORE OF A WETLAND, RIPARIAN-TYPE OF WEASEL 44:13.166 --> 44:15.766 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% AND ERMINE, THEY STILL LIKE RIPARIAN AREAS, BUT IF YOU SEE 44:15.766 --> 44:18.600 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% MINK HANGING AROUND LIKE, BEAVER DAMS. 44:18.600 --> 44:21.866 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% AND MINK ARE ENTIRELY BROWN, AND THEY HAVE A LITTLE 44:21.866 --> 44:25.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% WHITE CHIN, WHEREAS ERMINE HAVE MUCH MORE WHITE ON 44:25.666 --> 44:27.366 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% THEIR BELLIES. 44:27.366 --> 44:30.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - OKAY, TOBY, FROM BILLINGS, WHAT'S THE BEST WAY 44:30.900 --> 44:33.633 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% TO KEEP CARROTS OVER THE WINTER? 44:33.633 --> 44:36.766 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - OKAY, KEEP CARROTS, ONE OF THE THINGS IS, SO, IN STORING 44:36.766 --> 44:39.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% YOUR VEGETABLES, WHAT YOU WANNA DO IS YOU WANNA HAVE 44:39.366 --> 44:41.933 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% A HIGH HUMIDITY, KINDA LOWER TEMPERATURE, WHICH IS KINDA 44:41.933 --> 44:44.600 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% HARD TO DO, SO MOST OF THE TIME IT WOULD BE IN THE CRAWL 44:44.600 --> 44:47.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% SPACE OR, IF YOU HAVE A ROOT CELLAR OF ANY KIND. 44:47.600 --> 44:51.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% A ROOT CELLAR CAN SIMPLY BE JUST A TRASH CAN, BURIED 44:51.133 --> 44:53.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% IN THE GROUND, A LITTLE BIT OF STRAW IN THERE, THAT'LL 44:53.966 --> 44:57.100 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% INCREASE THE HUMIDITY AND KEEP IT COOL ENOUGH. 44:57.100 --> 45:01.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% BUT, YOU WANT A KIND OF A COOL, MOIST AREA FOR THOSE 45:01.100 --> 45:03.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% CARROTS AND THEY SHOULD KEEP, PROBABLY FOR A COUPLE 45:03.733 --> 45:05.700 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% MONTHS ANYWAYS. 45:05.700 --> 45:07.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - BUT, YOU DON'T WANT THAT ROOT CELLAR TO FREEZE, RIGHT? 45:07.866 --> 45:09.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - RIGHT, YEAH, YOU DON'T WANT IT TO FREEZE. 45:09.666 --> 45:12.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - YOU JUST WANT IT TO BE BASICALLY, A REFRIGERATOR. 45:12.100 --> 45:14.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% - BASICALLY, YES. 45:14.966 --> 45:19.766 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% - MAGIC OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY, FRESH CAB, NUMBER ONE, 45:19.766 --> 45:23.833 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% IS A BOTANICAL RODENT REPELLENT, AND IT IS THE FIRST AND 45:23.833 --> 45:27.200 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% ONLY GREEN REPELLENT REGISTERED BY THE EPA FOR INDOOR 45:27.200 --> 45:32.033 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% USE, SO, IT WORKS, AND IT GIVES YOU A LOT MORE INFORMATION 45:32.033 --> 45:34.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% ABOUT IT, SO, EVERYBODY THAT'S CALLED IN, THANK YOU 45:34.933 --> 45:37.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ABOUT THAT, WE ALL LEARNED SOMETHING THIS EVENING. 45:37.566 --> 45:41.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% WE'VE TALKED ABOUT MICE PROBLEMS ALREADY, SO I'M 45:41.100 --> 45:43.166 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% GONNA MISS THAT ONE. 45:43.166 --> 45:46.433 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% THIS PERSON IS FROM MANHATTAN, MONTANA AND THEY 45:46.433 --> 45:52.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% HAVE BEAVER DAMAGE, HOW CAN THEY CONTROL THAT? 45:52.333 --> 45:56.133 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% - I LIKE THAT THE CALLER ASKED ABOUT CONTROLLING THE DAMAGE, 45:56.133 --> 45:58.900 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% RATHER THAN THE BEAVERS THEMSELVES, 45:58.900 --> 46:03.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% SO, I SUSPECT THEY DIDN'T ASK, THEY DIDN'T SPECIFY 46:03.733 --> 46:06.700 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% WHAT TYPE OF DAMAGE THEY'RE HAVING. 46:06.700 --> 46:09.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - PROBABLY-- - IS IT THE FLOODING OR-- 46:09.233 --> 46:10.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - THE TREES. - IS IT THE CUTTING? 46:10.800 --> 46:12.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% - PROBABLY THE CUTTING. 46:12.466 --> 46:14.666 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% - SO, I'LL JUST TOUCH A LITTLE ON BOTH. 46:14.666 --> 46:16.633 align:start position:40% line:10% size:17.5% - OKAY. - SO, FOR THE CUTTING, IF YOU 46:16.633 --> 46:20.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% HAVE ORNAMENTALS OR ORCHARDS OR EVEN COTTONWOODS AND ASPENS 46:20.466 --> 46:22.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% THAT YOU'D LIKE TO PROTECT. 46:22.900 --> 46:25.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% GET OUT THERE AND PUT EITHER HARDWARE CLOTH OR SOME SORT 46:25.566 --> 46:29.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% OF FENCING AROUND THEM, OR I KNOW A NUMBER OF PEOPLE 46:29.900 --> 46:33.466 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% WHO HAVE HAD LUCK USING LATEX PAINT WITH A REALLY COARSE 46:33.466 --> 46:36.000 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% AGGREGATE IN IT, AND PAINT THAT ON THE TRUNK OF THE TREE, 46:36.000 --> 46:38.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% AND THAT WILL DETER BEAVERS FROM CUTTING 'EM AS WELL. 46:38.633 --> 46:43.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% WHEN IT COMES TO FLOODING, BEAVERS ARE EXCELLENT 46:43.433 --> 46:47.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% ENGINEERS, BUT THEY ARE JUST AS LAZY AS US, SO THEY LIKE 46:47.200 --> 46:50.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% TO FIND CULVERTS, THAT'S A GREAT PLACE, THERE ARE A NUMBER 46:50.166 --> 46:52.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% OF DEVICES THAT THEY CAN INSTALL TO PREVENT BEAVERS 46:52.733 --> 46:55.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% FROM BEING ABLE TO CLOG A CULVERT, OR YOU CAN INSTALL THEM 46:55.700 --> 47:00.833 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% IN A BEAVER DAM, FOR KEEPING A WATER LEVEL THAT WON'T 47:00.833 --> 47:03.833 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% FLOOD OUT IN THE GREATER FLOOD PLAIN. 47:03.833 --> 47:07.000 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% BUT, BEFORE THEY DO THAT, I'M GLAD THAT THEY WANT TO CONTROL 47:07.000 --> 47:10.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% THE DAMAGE ITSELF, RATHER THAN ELIMINATE THE BEAVERS, BUT 47:10.233 --> 47:12.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% BEFORE THEY DO THAT THEY SHOULD KINDA CONSIDER ALL THE 47:12.000 --> 47:14.200 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% BENEFITS THAT BEAVERS ACTUALLY PROVIDE. 47:14.200 --> 47:17.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% SO, NOT ONLY WILDLIFE HABITAT, BUT RETENTION OF WATER, 47:17.633 --> 47:21.833 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% GROUND WATER RECHARGE, SOIL AND NUTRIENT ADDITIONS 47:21.833 --> 47:26.800 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% TO THE SOIL, EROSION CONTROL, THERE'S A NUMBER OF THINGS. 47:26.800 --> 47:28.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% BEAVERS ARE A LOT OF NEAT THINGS. 47:28.700 --> 47:31.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - SOUNDS GOOD, ALL RIGHT, FROM WOLF CREEK, TOBY, THIS 47:31.566 --> 47:34.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% PERSON, NOT TOBY, WELL, HE CAN TOUCH ON IT, TOO. 47:34.966 --> 47:40.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% MACK, LET'S THROW THIS ONE TOWARDS YOU, THEY HAVE A SMALL 47:40.066 --> 47:44.533 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% FARM-TYPE SITUATION, THEY HAVE DEER PROBLEMS THERE BUT THEY 47:44.533 --> 47:49.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% ALSO HAVE BUCK DEER THAT RUB THE BARK OFF THE TREES, 47:49.233 --> 47:52.633 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% THEY WANNA KNOW WHAT TO DO ABOUT THE DEER IN THE GARDEN 47:52.633 --> 47:57.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% AND HOW TO PREVENT THE BUCKS FROM DESTROYING TREES. 47:57.466 --> 47:59.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% YOU GUYS WANNA HAVE AT IT? 47:59.866 --> 48:02.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% - EIGHT FOOT TALL FENCE. (LAUGHTER) 48:02.433 --> 48:09.200 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% - HOW TALL A FENCE, SERIOUSLY? 48:09.200 --> 48:13.633 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% - IT DEPENDS HOW ATTRACTIVE WHAT YOU HAVE IS 48:13.633 --> 48:16.000 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% RELATIVE TO THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. 48:16.000 --> 48:18.866 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% - USUALLY, GENERALLY SPEAKING, A SIX FOOT FENCE 48:18.866 --> 48:22.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% OF WOVEN OR WELDED WIRE WILL KEEP A DEER OR ELK 48:22.133 --> 48:25.066 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% OUT OF SOMETHING THEY WANNA EAT. 48:25.066 --> 48:26.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% IT WON'T KEEP THEM INSIDE OF SOMEWHERE THEY 48:26.733 --> 48:30.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% DON'T WANNA BE, SO, WHEREAS AN EIGHT FOOT FENCE WILL. 48:30.533 --> 48:34.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% SO, YES, I WOULD AGREE WITH MACK, THAT IT DEPENDS AND 48:34.200 --> 48:36.466 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% GENERALLY SPEAKING, PUT A FENCE AROUND IT. 48:36.466 --> 48:39.000 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - AT THE HORTICULTURE FARM AROUND THE ORCHARD AND THE GREEN 48:39.000 --> 48:42.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% HOUSES THERE, WE PUT ABOUT A SIX FOOT SIX WOVEN WIRE FENCE 48:42.700 --> 48:45.533 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% AND IT HAS BEEN VERY EFFECTIVE KEEPING DEER OUT, 48:45.533 --> 48:47.200 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% THAT I'VE SEEN. 48:47.200 --> 48:49.766 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% I'VE ALWAYS MENTIONED THAT IT HAD TO BE A EIGHT FOOT FENCE 48:49.766 --> 48:51.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THAT THEY COULD JUMP OVER IT, BUT I HAVEN'T SEEN A DEER 48:51.900 --> 48:53.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% IN THERE YET, SO. 48:53.666 --> 48:55.866 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% - JIM NYE, OUR FORMER WILDLIFE SPECIALIST, HE DID A NUMBER 48:55.866 --> 48:58.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% OF EXPERIMENTS TRYING TO SEE WHAT THE BEST FENCE DESIGN WAS 48:58.433 --> 49:03.266 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% TO KEEP DEER AND ELK OUT OF ESSENTIALLY HAY FIELDS, OR AREAS 49:03.266 --> 49:06.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% FOR HAY STORAGE, AND HE DETERMINED THAT A SIX FOOT FENCE 49:06.133 --> 49:08.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% OF WOVEN OR WELDED WIRE WAS EFFECTIVE AT KEEPING DEER OUT 49:08.966 --> 49:11.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% OF FOOD RESOURCES. 49:11.600 --> 49:16.733 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% - SOUNDS GOOD, AND I'VE NOTICED THIS MYSELF, THIS PERSON 49:16.733 --> 49:19.866 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% FROM BOZEMAN'S NOTICED THOUSANDS OF RAVENS, IN THE AREA 49:19.866 --> 49:22.366 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% THIS YEAR, ARE THEY MIGRATING? 49:22.366 --> 49:25.333 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% HOW LONG WILL THEY STAY, ANY INFORMATION ABOUT WHY WE'RE 49:25.333 --> 49:27.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% SEEING SO MANY THIS YEAR? 49:27.233 --> 49:31.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% - SO, RAVENS CAN BE MIGRATORY, OR NOT BE MIGRATORY, THEY CAN 49:31.233 --> 49:33.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% BE RESIDENT BIRDS AS WELL. 49:33.433 --> 49:37.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% IT COULD BE ANY NUMBER OF REASONS WHY YOU'RE SEEING 49:37.733 --> 49:39.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% MORE RAVENS THAN NORMAL. 49:39.300 --> 49:42.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% IT COULD BE YOU'VE CHANGED THE ENVIRONMENT, YOU'VE MADE 49:42.933 --> 49:45.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% IT MORE ATTRACTIVE TO RAVENS, SO THERE AREN'T ANY 49:45.400 --> 49:47.733 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% MORE RAVENS, YOU'RE JUST GETTING MORE OF THEM ON YOUR PLACE 49:47.733 --> 49:52.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% FOR SOME REASON, BUT AS FAR AS POPULATION LEVEL, 49:52.166 --> 49:58.366 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:32.5% INFLUENCES OR FLUCTUATIONS, I'M NOT SURE. 49:58.366 --> 50:01.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - WHAT DO YOU ACTUALLY CALL A GROUP OF RAVENS? 50:01.466 --> 50:03.833 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% - OH YES, I WAS THINKING THAT. - IT'S A MURDER. 50:03.833 --> 50:06.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - AND IT'S ALMOST HALLOWEEN AND THAT'S SO COOL. (LAUGHTER) 50:06.966 --> 50:08.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% SORRY, I JUST HAD TO SAY THAT. 50:08.633 --> 50:11.066 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% - WHAT ABOUT CROWS? - I THINK IT'S ALSO A MURDER, 50:11.066 --> 50:12.500 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:22.5% ISN'T IT? - IT'S A CONGRESS. 50:12.500 --> 50:14.233 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% - IT'S A CONGRESS, OKAY, SORRY. 50:14.233 --> 50:16.433 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - BOY, THE EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE I'M GETTING TONIGHT 50:16.433 --> 50:18.266 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% IS INCREDIBLE. 50:18.266 --> 50:23.500 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - I THINK THAT'S ACTUALLY MADE-UP, BUT IT SOUNDS GOOD. 50:23.500 --> 50:26.100 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% - ANOTHER COMMENT FROM MALTA, BLACK VULTURES 50:26.100 --> 50:29.833 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% CAME TO MALTA FOR 20 YEARS, ALWAYS ON APRIL 13TH. 50:29.833 --> 50:32.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% AND, I'M NOT GOING TO VERIFY THAT, BUT THAT WAS A COMMENT. 50:32.800 --> 50:35.233 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% IN MAGRETTE, TOBY, QUICKLY, WHAT'S THE BEST WAY 50:35.233 --> 50:37.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% TO STORE CABBAGE? 50:37.366 --> 50:40.200 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - IT'S ALL ABOUT STORAGE, OKAY, SAME THING, YOU'RE GONNA 50:40.200 --> 50:43.600 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% WANT SOME HIGHER HUMIDITY, COOLER TEMPERATURES AND 50:43.600 --> 50:46.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO HOLD CABBAGE FOR PROBABLY A GOOD 50:46.700 --> 50:49.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% MONTH OR TWO, AT BEST. 50:49.400 --> 50:53.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - WELL, THE TRADITIONAL WAY, FOR HUNDREDS, IF NOT THOUSANDS 50:53.900 --> 50:56.500 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% OF YEARS IS TO STORE IT AS SAUERKRAUT. 50:56.500 --> 50:58.333 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% - SAUERKRAUT, YES, I LOVE IT. 50:58.333 --> 51:00.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - THAT'S THE WAY TO KEEP CABBAGE OVER WINTER AND MAKE 51:00.466 --> 51:03.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% IT GOOD FOR YOU AND HEALTHY, AND IT DOESN'T TASTE THAT 51:03.633 --> 51:06.033 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15% GREAT. - IT TASTES BETTER 51:06.033 --> 51:08.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% THAN CABBAGE. (LAUGHTER) 51:08.400 --> 51:10.966 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% - MIX FIVE POUNDS OF CABBAGE TO THREE TABLESPOONS 51:10.966 --> 51:13.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% OF PICKLING SALT, I KNOW THAT, JUST BECAUSE I'VE MADE 51:13.966 --> 51:15.133 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% SOME SAUERKRAUT. 51:15.133 --> 51:16.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - SO, HOW IS KIMCHEE MADE? 51:16.800 --> 51:20.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - OH, YOU KNOW, I DON'T EVEN KNOW, I DON'T LIKE KIMCHEE. 51:20.366 --> 51:21.833 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - JUST LIKE EGGPLANT, RIGHT? 51:21.833 --> 51:23.366 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% - EXACTLY, EXACTLY. 51:23.366 --> 51:28.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - IT'S BASICALLY ANOTHER ASIAN FORM OF SAUERKRAUT, 51:28.000 --> 51:30.266 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% AND IT'S A PICKLING, 51:30.266 --> 51:33.200 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% AND IT'S AMAZINGLY NUTRITIOUS. 51:33.200 --> 51:36.233 align:start position:40% line:10% size:20% - IT IS. - JUST ANOTHER KIND OF CABBAGE 51:36.233 --> 51:37.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% PICKLED WITH SOME SPICES THROWN IN. 51:37.933 --> 51:40.533 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% - BUT IT IS, THAT'S HOW YOU STORE CABBAGE 51:40.533 --> 51:43.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% AND KEEP IT SO THAT YOU'RE STILL HAVING SOMETHING TO EAT 51:43.033 --> 51:45.000 align:start position:10% line:10% size:80% BEFORE THINGS COME OUT IN MARCH. 51:45.000 --> 51:48.400 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% - SOUNDS GOOD, WE'VE CORRECTED THAT PROBLEM NOW, 51:48.400 --> 51:52.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% SO, ALL RIGHT, MIKE, WHILE WE GOTCHA, A LARGE BEE SWARM 51:52.166 --> 51:54.600 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% MOVED INTO THE CEILING OF OUR ABANDONED FARM BUILDING 51:54.600 --> 52:03.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% THIS PAST SUMMER, WHAT'S GONNA HAPPEN NEXT YEAR? 52:03.700 --> 52:08.066 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% - WELL, IF THEY WENT IN THERE AND THEY STARTED A HIVE, 52:08.066 --> 52:14.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% SO THAT THEY'RE PRODUCING COMB AND HONEY AND SO ON, 52:14.100 --> 52:17.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% IT REALLY DEPENDS ON HOW PROTECTED THAT WILL BE OVER 52:17.433 --> 52:20.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% THE WINTER HOW SUCCESSFUL THEY WERE AT MAKING UP A STORE. 52:20.233 --> 52:26.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THE ABILITY OF HONEY BEES TO OVERWINTER AS FERAL OR 52:26.100 --> 52:31.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% OR WILD HIVES IN MONTANA HAS TRADITIONALLY BEEN THAT 52:31.300 --> 52:33.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% THAT THEY WON'T MAKE IT. 52:33.500 --> 52:36.000 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% AGAIN, THIS IS ONE OF THOSE THINGS WHERE LAST YEAR 52:36.000 --> 52:40.000 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% I HEARD A REPORT, THIS YEAR, A REPORT OF A FERAL COLONY 52:40.000 --> 52:44.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% OVERWINTERING LAST WINTER, WHICH IS SOMETHING THAT 52:44.266 --> 52:46.600 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:52.5% IS EXTREMELY UNUSUAL. 52:46.600 --> 52:50.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% SO, WHAT WILL HAPPEN IS THEY WILL EITHER DIE OFF OR 52:50.133 --> 52:55.166 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% THEY WILL MAKE IT, AND IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO TELL WHICH. 52:55.166 --> 52:58.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - ALL RIGHT, LANCE, THIS PERSON IS FROM GREAT FALLS, 52:58.666 --> 53:01.500 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% HIS MOTHER HAS LARGE MOUNDS OF DIRT IN THE YARD, 53:01.500 --> 53:05.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% CAUSED BY SOME UNDERGROUND ANIMAL, PROBABLY 53:05.333 --> 53:08.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% POCKET GOPHERS, HOW CAN THEY GET RID OF THEM 53:08.300 --> 53:11.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% WITHOUT POISONING THEIR CAT? 53:11.433 --> 53:16.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - SO, YES, INDEED, I THINK THEY DO HAVE POCKET GOPHERS. 53:16.066 --> 53:19.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% POCKET GOPHERS ARE THE ONES THAT CREATE THAT NICE, FINE 53:19.200 --> 53:23.500 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% MOUND OF DIRT, AND THOSE ARE ACTUALLY THE, THEY HAVE A 53:23.500 --> 53:25.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% MAIN TRAILWAY UNDER THE GROUND AND IT'S REALLY CLOSE 53:25.766 --> 53:27.433 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% TO THE SURFACE. 53:27.433 --> 53:29.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% AND, THEY CREATE ALL THESE SIDE TUNNELS AND THEY PUSH 53:29.333 --> 53:32.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% ALL THE DIRT UP THOSE SIDE TUNNELS, AND THEY DON'T USE 53:32.800 --> 53:34.266 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% THOSE SIDE TUNNELS. 53:34.266 --> 53:36.400 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% SO, A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK THEY CAN TRAP OR POISON 53:36.400 --> 53:38.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% POCKET GOPHERS BY DIGGING IN THERE AND PUTTING 53:38.800 --> 53:41.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% THE POISON OR WHATEVER IN THOSE, UNDERNEATH THOSE 53:41.366 --> 53:43.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% MOUNDS OF DIRT, AND THAT JUST WON'T BE EFFECTIVE, 53:43.600 --> 53:48.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% BECAUSE THEY DON'T USE THOSE AT ALL. 53:48.466 --> 53:50.333 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO CONTROL POCKET GOPHERS 53:50.333 --> 53:52.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% IS BY TRAPPING THEM, IF THAT'S WHAT YOU WANT TO DO. 53:52.433 --> 53:57.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% THERE ARE SOME APPROVED TOXICANTS FOR POCKET GOPHERS 53:57.400 --> 54:00.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% INCLUDING, I BELIEVE IT'S STILL APPROVED, STRYCHNINE. 54:00.833 --> 54:03.300 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% IT'S ACTUALLY THE ONLY APPROVED USE OF STRYCHNINE, I THINK, 54:03.300 --> 54:04.933 align:start position:30% line:10% size:37.5% IS UNDERGROUND. 54:04.933 --> 54:07.600 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:75% SO, IF YOU HAVE POCKET GOPHERS AND YOU WANT TO GET RID 54:07.600 --> 54:10.933 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% OF THEM, POCKET GOPHERS, IN CONTRAST TO GROUND SQUIRRELS, 54:10.933 --> 54:14.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% ARE MUCH EASIER TO CONTROL, SO TRAPPING IS THE MOST 54:14.533 --> 54:16.400 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% EFFECTIVE ROUTE. 54:16.400 --> 54:19.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - ALL RIGHT, FROM CONRAD, THIS PERSON WANTS US TO SPELL 54:19.800 --> 54:23.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% THE NAME OF THE RODENT PRO PRODUCT USED INSIDE EQUIPMENT. 54:23.133 --> 54:27.000 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% WHAT I HAVE HERE IS C-A-B F-R-E-S-H, AND IT MIGHT BE 54:27.000 --> 54:28.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:27.5% HYPHENATED. 54:28.600 --> 54:30.100 align:start position:30% line:10% size:40% - OR, FRESH CAB. 54:30.100 --> 54:33.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65% - OR FRESH CAB, MAYBE IT'S FRESH CAB, OKAY, THAT WORKS, ONE 54:33.833 --> 54:36.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% OF THE TWOS. 54:36.366 --> 54:39.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% QUICKLY, HOW DO YOU STORE RED POTATOES, THE BEST WAY? 54:39.300 --> 54:43.933 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - THE SAME WAY, GET YOURSELF A ROOT CELLAR FOLKS, THAT'S 54:43.933 --> 54:49.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% GONNA BE IT, OR A COOL, WET, HUMID ENVIRONMENT. 54:49.066 --> 54:52.500 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% - OKAY, HERE WE HAD ANOTHER QUESTION, ABOUT WHERE HAVE 54:52.500 --> 54:55.866 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:72.5% ALL THE GRASSLAND BIRDS GONE, ANY QUICK COMMENT ON THAT? 54:55.866 --> 54:59.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% - OH, WOW, THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION, AND IT WOULD BE A VERY 54:59.433 --> 55:01.200 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% LONG ANSWER, SO, GRASS AND BIRDS ARE ACTUALLY 55:01.200 --> 55:04.233 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:55% THE MOST PRECIPITOUSLY DECLINING GUILD OF BIRDS IN 55:04.233 --> 55:06.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:62.5% NORTH AMERICA, AND MOSTLY THAT'S BEEN DUE TO HABITAT 55:06.866 --> 55:09.833 align:start position:25% line:10% size:47.5% LOSS, OVER THE LAST 30 YEARS OR SO. 55:09.833 --> 55:14.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% GRASSLAND HAS BEEN DECLINING RAPIDLY. 55:14.033 --> 55:18.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% I THINK WE'RE AT THE END OF THAT DECLINE, PERHAPS, 55:18.700 --> 55:21.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% IT DEPENDS ON WHERE THE COST OF BIOFUELS GOES 55:21.100 --> 55:24.833 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:35% IN THE FUTURE. - IT'S HABITAT. 55:24.833 --> 55:28.233 align:start position:10% line:10% size:77.5% - BUT, IT'S ALL HABITAT DRIVEN, SO POOR BREEDING HABITAT 55:28.233 --> 55:31.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% RESULTS IN RAPIDLY DECLINING GRASS AND BIRD POPULATIONS. 55:31.100 --> 55:33.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% - WE'RE DONE FOR THE EVENING FOLKS AND WE APPRECIATE 55:33.133 --> 55:36.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70% ALL THE PHONE CALLS, ALL THE SUGGESTIONS, AND THE COMMENTS. 55:36.133 --> 55:38.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:42.5% WE LOVE TO LISTEN TO YOUR COMMENTS. 55:38.533 --> 55:43.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:67.5% NEXT WEEK, KATE FULLER WILL TALK A LITTLE BIT THE FARM BILL 55:43.133 --> 55:45.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:57.5% AND SO FORTH, WE'LL SEE YA THEN, GOOD NIGHT, 55:45.733 --> 55:49.366 align:start position:25% line:10% size:50% AND HAVE A GOOD ONE. 55:49.366 --> 56:16.033 align:start position:32.5% line:84.66% size:32.5% (BANJO MUSIC) 56:16.033 --> 56:19.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% - [VOICEOVER] MONTANA AG LIVE IS MADE POSSIBLE BY 56:19.033 --> 56:22.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% THE MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, THE MSU 56:22.433 --> 56:26.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% EXTENSION SERVICE, THE MSU AG EXPERIMENT STATIONS 56:26.266 --> 56:29.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% OF THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, THE MONTANA WHEAT & 56:29.766 --> 56:34.400 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:52.5% BARLEY COMMITTEE, THE MONTANA BANKERS ASSOCIATION, 56:34.400 --> 56:38.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:42.5% CASHMAN NURSERY & LANDSCAPING, AND THE GALLATIN 56:38.133 --> 56:41.333 align:start position:30% line:84.66% size:37.5% GARDENERS CLUB. 56:41.333 --> 56:42.333 align:start position:17.5% line:84.66% size:62.5% (ELECTRIC GUITAR FANFARE)