WEBVTT

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- [Narrator] Montana Ag
Live is made possible by.

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The Montana Department
of Agriculture,

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MSU Extension,

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the MSU Ag Experiment Stations

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of the College of Agriculture,

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the Montana Wheat
& Barley Committee,

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Cashman Nursery & Landscaping,

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the Northern Pulse
Growers Association,

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and the Gallatin Gardeners Club.

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(country music continues)

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- Good evening.

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Welcome to another edition
of Montana Ag Live,

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originating again tonight
from the studios of KUSM

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on the very dynamic campus we
call Montana State University

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and coming to you over

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your Montana Public
Television System.

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I'm Jack Riesselman, retired
Professor of Plant Pathology.

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Happy to be your
host this evening.

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This is the next to last
fall program we have.

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We've kind of focused
on conservation

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and as the public wants,

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we've had more producers on the
program as guests this fall.

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We have another one tonight

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and I think you're gonna
enjoy the program a lot

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and of course you're
gonna learn a lot too.

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So with that, first of
all let me introduce

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the panel tonight.

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Way on my left, Abi Saeed.

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Abi is our Extension
Horticultural Specialist.

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If you have questions about
plants going into winter,

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type of apples you're
growing, things like that,

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tonight would be an
excellent opportunity

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to call in and talk to Abi.

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She'll answer your question.

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Our guest tonight, and I
met Lon this past summer,

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very engaging individual.

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He's a rancher from
out at Terry, Montana

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and if you don't
know where Terry is

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you can look it up.

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It's kind of 340
miles east of Bozeman.

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Great place, right along
the Yellowstone River.

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Lon, it's good to have you here.

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I'm going to come back
to you in a minute.

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You can tell us a little bit

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about some of the things you do.

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Tim Seipel, he wants to be
called a weed ecologist.

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(Tim Seipel laughs)

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I refuse to do that.

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He's a weed scientist.

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- There you go.

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- [Jack Riesselman]
And Sam Wyffels.

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Sam has been here before.

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He's an Extension
beef specialist.

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Sam is very
knowledgeable about beef

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and we'll get some good
interaction going tonight.

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Answering the phones
tonight, John Holly

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and Nancy Blake,

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and thank you guys
for being here.

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And before I introduce Lon,

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he's with a company
called Cherry Creek Ranch,

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as I mentioned out
by Terry, Montana.

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Beautiful part of the state.

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I love Eastern Montana.

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I'm a good salesman for
that part of the state

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and also Fort Benton.

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Lon, you're big in that
conservation initiative,

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Grazing Lands
Conservation Initiative.

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Tell us what that is.

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- In 1991

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as great help from a guy
named Bob Drake from Oklahoma,

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there was a group of people
that wanted to help refocus

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the Natural Resources
and Conservation Service

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on grazing lands.

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Farmland had been the
main focus of the NRCS

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and the old Soil Conservation
Service before that.

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And so a group of
people got together

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and they wanted to help

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refocus a little bit of the
NRCS's efforts and monies

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on rangeland specialists
that would be available

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for people that had
questions and wanted to do

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at that time,

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it was the beginning
of the EQIP program,

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Environmental Quality
Incentive Program.

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You know, so the GLCI was
kind of dreamed up and born.

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A couple, some of the
original members were

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Bob Lee from Judith Gap,

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John Hollenback's
from Gold Creek,

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Pete Jackson was from
the Harrison area,

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and that was in 1991.

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I came on board in 1992

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and we're members of a
producer steering committee.

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And we don't get paid
any money for this,

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but we have a conference
call once a month

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or a Zoom meeting once a month

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and we meet twice a year.

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And we are given a pot of money

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by the State Range
Conservationist for the NRCS.

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And we try to divvy
that up for projects

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that are either
educational or research

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throughout the state of Montana.

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- You know, I've said
this all along this fall,

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the ranching community,

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starting probably in the
early '90s, late '80s,

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have really focused
more on conservation

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and going into the
next generation,

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leaving the land better
than when you first got it.

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How successful is it?

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Have you been able
to really make

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a significant difference

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in some cases out in Eastern
Montana with the Coalition?

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- I think so,

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but I think it was
before that time period.

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I always tell everybody,

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"I didn't have to
save the world,

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my dad did that."

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(Jack Riesselman laughs)

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I just have to build
on what he did.

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You know, that the,

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my father was a young
boy in the 1930s

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and it was a,

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just a disaster in the making
from the homestead era on,

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you know, the over-utilization,
poor farming methods,

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all that stuff, you know?

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And so with the end of the 1930s

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and the beginning of the
conservation programs,

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that deal just kind of
built and built and built.

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We actually have
lands that were plowed

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and never, ever seeded back.

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They just went back over time.

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And so

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when the, actually 1960s, '70s,

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the conservation movements,

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environmental movements
of the early 1970s

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kind of helped focus
the government back on

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continuing the improvements

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and programs for the land, so.

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- I've been impressed.

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I really have been.

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I've been here since '79

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and the changes in

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the ranching community
has been very noticeable

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and I appreciate that

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and you guys deserve
a lot of credit there.

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Before we move on,

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I've got a question
here that I wanted

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to get to you in a minute.

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It came in from Libby.

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Before that, I wanna go to Abi.

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And this came from Huntley

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and she thinks she has ladybug
infestation in the house.

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Why, and if that's the case?

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- Yeah, so this is that
time of year in the fall

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where lady beetles are looking
for places to hunker down

06:33.466 --> 06:34.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
in the winter.

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And especially for
Asian lady beetles,

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they need that kind of warmer
environment to survive.

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So, they find their
way into your homes.

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That's what they're doing
to just get through winter.

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They're not gonna
reproduce inside your home

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but any sort of
opening they can find,

06:48.566 --> 06:50.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
they're looking for a
place to hunker down.

06:50.100 --> 06:51.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
That's why they're
getting in there.

06:51.666 --> 06:53.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
The best way to manage them

06:53.000 --> 06:54.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
if you don't want them in there,

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make sure any kind of cracks,
crevices and things like that

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are sealed and then
vacuum them up.

06:59.966 --> 07:01.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- What are they, I mean,

07:01.033 --> 07:03.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
you gotta have some aphids
around if you've got ladybugs.

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- Yeah, and yeah,

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chances are that
you probably have

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some nice, soft-bodied insects
that they've been feeding on.

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But in general though,

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this is just that
common time of year.

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They don't feed during
the winter months.

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- All right, thank you.

07:17.466 --> 07:22.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
I wanna go to Lon and I've
got a question for Tim here.

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From Libby, Lon,
this person knows

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that Eastern Montana
is generally drier

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than ranching in the
western part of the state.

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They wanna know how
you supply water

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to your cattle out there.

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That's a good question.

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- Water in quantity and quality.

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We have quality issues too,

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where we have extremely
high pH of our water.

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And this can cause a thing
called urinary calculi,

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water belly, stones
form in the urethra.

07:51.800 --> 07:53.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
And it's a really serious deal.

07:54.633 --> 07:55.500 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
Anyway,

07:56.500 --> 07:58.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
with the help of the NRCS,

07:59.233 --> 08:01.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
sometimes the BLM,

08:01.233 --> 08:04.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
we go to great lengths to
drill wells, do pipelines.

08:04.166 --> 08:06.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
We have I think eight

08:06.733 --> 08:10.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
solar wells at the
moment, several windmills.

08:10.466 --> 08:14.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25%
And if anybody
wonders what we do,

08:14.600 --> 08:16.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
water is about it.

08:16.766 --> 08:18.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Many miles of pipeline.

08:18.566 --> 08:19.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- [Jack Riesselman] Okay.
- I've seen

08:19.400 --> 08:21.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
some of the watering
stations out towards Lindsay

08:21.866 --> 08:24.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
or some other things
that EQIP money,

08:24.300 --> 08:27.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
putting, paying to
move, put pipe in.

08:27.433 --> 08:28.266 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- And put some different

08:28.266 --> 08:31.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
watering sources out
of the riparian areas,

08:31.100 --> 08:32.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
out of some of the areas

08:32.466 --> 08:34.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
so you get grazing
up on the hills.

08:34.466 --> 08:35.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
I thought that was
really interesting.

08:35.533 --> 08:36.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Really works, that.

08:36.833 --> 08:39.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
And the GLCI has actually funded

08:39.600 --> 08:41.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
some of these studies where

08:41.733 --> 08:43.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
in Western Montana especially,

08:43.433 --> 08:47.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
we'll put a solar
pump in a stream

08:47.033 --> 08:51.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
and pump it off to a tank at
least a quarter of a mile away

08:51.000 --> 08:52.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
and then hire a grad
student to keep track

08:52.933 --> 08:54.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
of whether the cows
water, the stream.

08:54.833 --> 08:55.666 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

08:55.666 --> 08:57.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
And believe it or not,

08:57.066 --> 08:58.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
they like water out of a tank

08:58.600 --> 09:00.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
better than walking in
the mud and the bugs.

09:00.500 --> 09:01.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- I would believe that.

09:01.666 --> 09:03.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
And grad student labor comes
pretty cheap, thankfully.

09:03.966 --> 09:04.800 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

09:04.800 --> 09:07.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
I think we were all there
one time or another.

09:07.233 --> 09:11.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
Tim, this person
from Fairfield says

09:11.300 --> 09:14.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
they think they're seeing less
wild oats than they used to.

09:14.000 --> 09:15.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
Is there a reason for that?

09:15.733 --> 09:17.300 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- Well, maybe.

09:18.633 --> 09:20.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
The Fairfield Bench still
has a lot of wild oats,

09:20.866 --> 09:21.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
there's no doubt about it.

09:21.866 --> 09:24.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
And there is some
really ferocious

09:24.300 --> 09:25.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
herbicide resistance

09:26.866 --> 09:29.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
in wild oats on the
Fairfield Bench.

09:29.333 --> 09:30.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
One of the things that's,

09:30.266 --> 09:33.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
might have changed their
perception of it a little bit

09:33.100 --> 09:36.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
is wild oats are really
a great weed of tillage,

09:36.900 --> 09:38.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
tillage and center pivots.

09:38.333 --> 09:40.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
So in those malt barley areas

09:40.166 --> 09:41.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
where we still have
lots of tillage,

09:41.666 --> 09:43.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
you get a lot more wild oats.

09:43.433 --> 09:46.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
When you actually go
into a no-till system,

09:46.366 --> 09:48.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
wild oat doesn't do as well

09:48.866 --> 09:50.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
and so you get,

09:50.033 --> 09:52.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
because it doesn't like
to germinate on that duff

09:52.233 --> 09:54.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
in the litter that's
left on the top.

09:54.100 --> 09:55.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
So that might be
one of the reasons

09:55.566 --> 09:58.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
they think they see fewer
wild oats out there.

09:58.200 --> 10:00.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
But they're still really
tough weed to manage

10:00.566 --> 10:02.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
in a lot of situations.

10:02.233 --> 10:04.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Okay, thank you.
- Mm-hmm.

10:04.066 --> 10:04.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- You know, I kind of think

10:04.900 --> 10:07.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
I'm not seeing as many
as I used to, but yeah.

10:07.166 --> 10:08.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- You know Dave Wichman,

10:08.100 --> 10:11.100 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
who used to be
the Superintendent

10:11.100 --> 10:13.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
of the Central Ag
Research Station,

10:13.433 --> 10:16.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
he said the same thing to me

10:16.100 --> 10:20.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
and his, I just gave
his answer right now.

10:20.233 --> 10:22.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Dave knows what he is
doing once in a while.

10:22.333 --> 10:23.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- [Tim Seipel] Yeah, he does.
- In case he's watching.

10:23.600 --> 10:24.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- [Tim Seipel] Mm-hmm.

10:25.866 --> 10:26.700 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25%
- Sam,

10:28.233 --> 10:32.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
most people look at hay

10:32.066 --> 10:35.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
as the primary source
of forages for cattle.

10:35.533 --> 10:37.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25%
Are there some
other alternatives?

10:37.233 --> 10:40.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
And I've seen corn
actually been baled.

10:40.633 --> 10:41.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
Does that work?

10:41.466 --> 10:43.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
And both of you guys
can jump in at 'em.

10:43.733 --> 10:45.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
What are some of
the other forages

10:45.200 --> 10:47.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
that you might be able
to use for cattle?

10:47.200 --> 10:50.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- Yeah, I mean I've
seen corn fed to cattle,

10:50.266 --> 10:53.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
but usually it's mostly
as like a silage or a.

10:53.233 --> 10:54.833 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:15%
- Right.
- Or maybe even

10:54.833 --> 10:56.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
grazing out there.

10:56.033 --> 10:59.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
But yeah, there's
a lot of options.

10:59.033 --> 11:00.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
One of the interesting things,

11:00.600 --> 11:04.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
last year I was on a tour
across Eastern Montana

11:04.066 --> 11:06.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and not too far from your
guys' place actually,

11:06.866 --> 11:09.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
and some folks
talked about growing

11:09.033 --> 11:13.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75%
some kind of sorghum-sudan
grass, cover crop type things

11:13.500 --> 11:15.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and they decided that
they wanted to graze that

11:15.600 --> 11:17.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and wanna hay that

11:17.366 --> 11:19.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
and said it's the best
their cattle have been doing

11:19.833 --> 11:21.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
in the fall like this
in quite a while.

11:21.700 --> 11:23.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
And it's because that,

11:23.100 --> 11:25.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
some of those forages
hold onto their quality

11:25.333 --> 11:29.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
a little better than what
our rangelands typically do.

11:29.166 --> 11:31.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
But yeah, there's a lot
of options out there,

11:31.300 --> 11:35.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
a lot of NRCS programs
and others are, to,

11:35.300 --> 11:39.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
that promote soil health
are planting cover crops.

11:39.000 --> 11:41.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
And what we're finding is
that grazing cover crops

11:41.766 --> 11:43.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
can add some additional benefits

11:43.533 --> 11:46.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
by getting those animals
back on that crop ground

11:46.166 --> 11:48.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and integrated it in.

11:48.900 --> 11:51.766 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
But when you're
grazing some of these,

11:51.766 --> 11:53.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
I guess my word of caution is.

11:53.033 --> 11:54.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- [Lon Reukauf] Yeah.
- When you're grazing

11:54.433 --> 11:56.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
some of these crop plants,

11:56.500 --> 11:59.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and a lot of 'em have been known
to be nitrate accumulators,

11:59.800 --> 12:02.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
or potentially maybe
some prussic acid issues.

12:02.600 --> 12:03.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- [Lon Reukauf] Right.
- If we're looking

12:03.633 --> 12:07.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
at some of those C4,
warm season-type plants.

12:07.400 --> 12:11.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
And so we always recommend
to do a forage sample

12:11.966 --> 12:13.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
before you do that.

12:13.366 --> 12:15.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
And luckily we know
that nitrates can be

12:15.966 --> 12:17.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
a problem in Montana,

12:17.300 --> 12:19.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
especially with
drought-type conditions.

12:19.500 --> 12:21.333 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
And so most,

12:21.333 --> 12:24.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
I would say most of our
Extension offices have

12:24.133 --> 12:25.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
nitrate quick tests.

12:25.433 --> 12:28.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
And if you test positive
on the quick test,

12:28.133 --> 12:30.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
they have some areas

12:30.166 --> 12:32.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
or some recommendations
of what we can do

12:32.133 --> 12:35.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
to either get a real
hard number on that

12:35.100 --> 12:37.100 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:9.38%
or to

12:37.100 --> 12:38.033 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
look at

12:38.933 --> 12:41.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
sending that off to forage
samples or (indistinct).

12:41.033 --> 12:45.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- We planted 100 acres of
sorghum-sudan this year

12:45.100 --> 12:48.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and baled it and it
was a fair baling,

12:48.666 --> 12:51.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
but then we received
some late season rains

12:51.900 --> 12:54.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
and we probably have
more grazing regrowth

12:54.900 --> 12:56.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
than we did hay.
- [Sam Wyffels] Hay.

12:56.900 --> 12:59.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
- But that's one of those crops

12:59.266 --> 13:01.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
that you need to wait
like four or five days

13:01.500 --> 13:04.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
after a very hard frost
before you turn in.

13:04.733 --> 13:06.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
You use the least
liked cow method.

13:06.866 --> 13:07.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- [Sam Wyffels] Yeah.
- You turn

13:07.700 --> 13:08.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
the worst cow in there

13:08.533 --> 13:10.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and if she's standing up then
you turn the rest of them.

13:10.600 --> 13:11.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

13:11.933 --> 13:14.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Be careful with the
sorghum-sudan and millet,

13:14.433 --> 13:16.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
those C4 forages,

13:16.100 --> 13:18.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
'cause millet
especially has been

13:18.033 --> 13:20.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
the number one vector
for Palmer amaranth

13:20.600 --> 13:24.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
into North Dakota
and into Montana.

13:24.833 --> 13:28.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
First Palmer amaranth was found
at Daniels County this year,

13:28.100 --> 13:29.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
which was in a millet field.

13:29.566 --> 13:33.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
And it's those really tiny
seeds are hard to clean.

13:33.266 --> 13:35.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- And that is a very, very
tough weed to control.

13:35.733 --> 13:36.633 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.

13:36.633 --> 13:38.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- You know, Lon, I'm gonna
pick on you a little bit.

13:38.266 --> 13:40.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
Gene Server, old friend of ours

13:40.300 --> 13:43.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
who used to be a
faculty member here said

13:43.400 --> 13:47.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
that you made good use of
cheatgrass as a forage.

13:47.233 --> 13:49.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
You wanna expand on
that a little bit?

13:49.133 --> 13:50.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Beggars can't be choosers.

13:50.666 --> 13:53.100 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

13:53.100 --> 13:54.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Cheatgrass comes and
goes in our country

13:54.900 --> 13:56.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and it's a function
of two things.

13:56.200 --> 13:58.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
It can be too much bare ground

13:58.033 --> 13:59.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
or you can have too
much built up litter

13:59.866 --> 14:02.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
and create this seed
bed for the cheatgrass.

14:02.666 --> 14:03.466 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25%
And so

14:04.766 --> 14:07.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
extending your grazing season

14:07.233 --> 14:09.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
in the front and the
back of the summer

14:09.866 --> 14:12.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
can help you utilize cheatgrass.

14:12.133 --> 14:15.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
And so we have a fairly
numerous pasture rotation

14:15.866 --> 14:19.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and in the fall, like
this last fall here,

14:19.100 --> 14:23.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
if the cheatgrass really
germinates and comes on,

14:23.100 --> 14:25.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
cheatgrass doesn't
seed out in the fall.

14:25.633 --> 14:26.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
So if things are just right,

14:26.933 --> 14:28.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
you can have green cheatgrass,

14:28.166 --> 14:31.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
which is incredibly high
protein forage, for a long time.

14:31.500 --> 14:35.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
So we'll use every pasture
except the one we're gonna use

14:35.366 --> 14:37.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
first the next spring.

14:37.400 --> 14:40.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- [Jack Riesselman] Okay.
- You know, to and boy it,

14:40.800 --> 14:44.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
now this year had a
lot of challenges.

14:44.166 --> 14:46.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
There was a lot of light
calves in our country

14:46.633 --> 14:50.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and we didn't quite get
our rains early enough

14:50.200 --> 14:52.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
so the cheatgrass would achieve,

14:52.466 --> 14:54.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
calves really like
eating green cheatgrass.

14:54.533 --> 14:56.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
They do really well on it

14:56.366 --> 14:57.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
but it just didn't
come quick enough.

14:57.633 --> 14:58.633 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Yeah, okay.

14:58.633 --> 14:59.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
And there's a question here

14:59.966 --> 15:02.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and this is obviously
from Missoula.

15:02.833 --> 15:04.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
This person is curious

15:04.800 --> 15:08.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
how much grass does it
take for an average calf

15:08.266 --> 15:09.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
to put on a pound of grain?

15:09.833 --> 15:11.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
That's an interesting question.

15:11.666 --> 15:13.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
Anybody have an answer on that?

15:14.233 --> 15:15.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- [Sam Wyffels] It depends.

15:15.400 --> 15:17.433 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

15:17.433 --> 15:18.300 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
Yeah, yeah,

15:18.300 --> 15:22.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
I mean when you're
looking at high quality,

15:22.833 --> 15:25.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
springtime, good forage stuff,

15:25.600 --> 15:28.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
but that's usually when your
calves aren't grazing as much,

15:28.133 --> 15:30.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
they're more dependent
on their moms,

15:30.766 --> 15:32.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
yeah, it can be very
highly nutritious

15:32.400 --> 15:34.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and cattle can do
really well on that.

15:34.633 --> 15:36.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
But when we get
into the later fall,

15:36.333 --> 15:37.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
after that plant senescence

15:37.866 --> 15:39.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
and it's not as high in protein

15:39.600 --> 15:40.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and a little higher in fiber,

15:40.800 --> 15:44.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
it takes a little more of that
grass to put on that pound.

15:44.100 --> 15:47.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
So it's not a cut and dry
answer, I don't think.

15:47.600 --> 15:49.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- We have problems,

15:49.300 --> 15:52.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
a lot of times we will
forward contract our calves.

15:52.966 --> 15:55.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
The number one date of
forward contract calves is

15:55.766 --> 15:57.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
around August 12th.

15:57.600 --> 16:00.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
On average, your market
will be best right there,

16:00.166 --> 16:02.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
but you never know what
the fall's gonna be like.

16:02.366 --> 16:04.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
Are you gonna get some
green grass in the fall

16:04.100 --> 16:05.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
or are you not?

16:05.100 --> 16:08.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
So guessing the weight of
those calves on August 12th,

16:08.333 --> 16:11.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
what it's gonna be in
mid to late October

16:11.400 --> 16:12.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and not knowing whether
you're gonna have

16:12.900 --> 16:17.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
a high quality forage fall
or not makes it difficult.

16:18.100 --> 16:19.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- You know, and you say kind of,

16:19.633 --> 16:22.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
where do you move
your calves to, Lon,

16:22.200 --> 16:24.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and at what weight do
you try to move 'em out?

16:24.266 --> 16:27.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
- I'm a bit of a
maverick on this one.

16:27.600 --> 16:31.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
So we aim for our calves'
weaning weights to be

16:31.200 --> 16:32.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
about 500 pounds

16:32.833 --> 16:36.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
and definitely not much more
and hopefully not much less.

16:36.666 --> 16:37.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
There seems to be

16:39.033 --> 16:43.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
buyers buy calves with the
thought of when those calves are

16:43.033 --> 16:45.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
gonna be finished
and ready to process.

16:45.700 --> 16:50.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
And having calves that
become beef between

16:50.633 --> 16:54.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
the 20th of April and
the 20th of October,

16:54.033 --> 16:57.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
that's a low point of the
year for fat cattle prices

16:57.300 --> 16:59.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and it makes people's
calves that weigh

16:59.766 --> 17:01.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
in the mid fives to low sixes

17:02.966 --> 17:06.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
automatically finish at a
low point in the market.

17:06.266 --> 17:07.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
And we've done everything,

17:07.400 --> 17:08.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
we've retained ownership.

17:08.666 --> 17:10.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
This year we sold our,

17:11.166 --> 17:13.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
all our steer calves and
one load of heifer calves

17:13.800 --> 17:16.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
on Superior Livestock
video in Sheridan,

17:16.900 --> 17:18.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
August 22nd, I think it was,

17:18.700 --> 17:23.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
to be delivered August 12th
or October 12th, sorry.

17:23.200 --> 17:24.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Okay, interesting.

17:24.966 --> 17:27.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
I've often wondered about that.

17:27.166 --> 17:29.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
This question came in
a couple weeks ago.

17:29.933 --> 17:32.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
Do we still get a premium for?

17:32.466 --> 17:35.100 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- Big calves in this state?

17:35.100 --> 17:37.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- I wouldn't say
we are the premium

17:37.566 --> 17:40.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
because the South
Dakota, Nebraska,

17:40.466 --> 17:45.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
Western Nebraska is really
close to the big sources of feed

17:45.866 --> 17:48.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and those are high
quality cattle.

17:48.433 --> 17:50.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
But over the whole nation,

17:50.433 --> 17:52.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Montana really does well.

17:52.733 --> 17:54.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
Some, there's a big difference

17:54.266 --> 17:55.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
between Western Montana
and Eastern Montana

17:55.833 --> 17:58.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
'cause the state is so large.

17:58.333 --> 18:01.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
So the freight from, say, Helena

18:01.500 --> 18:05.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
to Scottsbluff, Nebraska
is a lot bigger.

18:05.033 --> 18:07.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
I was telling your
wife that our house is

18:07.366 --> 18:10.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
only 410 miles from
Alliance, Nebraska.

18:10.000 --> 18:12.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- [Jack Riesselman] Yeah.
- And so with the cost

18:12.266 --> 18:13.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
of diesel and trucking,

18:13.166 --> 18:16.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75%
it's a big advantage to be
closer to the big feed areas.

18:16.933 --> 18:18.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- I agree, good information.

18:20.200 --> 18:21.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
Abi, this person wants to know

18:21.833 --> 18:24.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
what are all those
apples of varying sizes

18:24.733 --> 18:26.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
doing in front of you?

18:26.766 --> 18:27.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- That is a good question

18:27.766 --> 18:29.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and I'm glad that
you brought that up.

18:29.500 --> 18:33.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
So Jerry Cashman gave
me these apples to try.

18:33.666 --> 18:36.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
These are all grown in,

18:36.666 --> 18:38.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
here in Bozeman.

18:38.133 --> 18:42.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
And so one of the questions
that I get asked a lot,

18:42.566 --> 18:45.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
because I do know what couple
of these apple varieties are,

18:45.333 --> 18:47.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
but one of the questions
that I get asked a lot is

18:47.700 --> 18:50.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
"How do I tell what
apple variety I have?"

18:50.933 --> 18:53.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Or, "Can I send this
apple to somebody

18:53.900 --> 18:56.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
for them to be able to
tell me what this is?"

18:56.166 --> 18:57.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
And the answer to that,

18:57.633 --> 19:00.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
the best way to
kind of know that is

19:00.600 --> 19:03.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
to go to the source of where
you got that apple tree.

19:03.800 --> 19:07.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
So whatever nursery that you
went to, I would ask them.

19:07.400 --> 19:11.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
They would know best what
cultivar of apple that you have.

19:11.133 --> 19:14.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
And then a lot of times
when you're not sure,

19:14.666 --> 19:16.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
or if you just wanna
propagate an apple

19:16.433 --> 19:18.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
that you really like
that's in your backyard,

19:18.900 --> 19:20.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
you can graft that,

19:20.466 --> 19:22.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
take some of the young
twigs from there,

19:22.933 --> 19:24.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
graft that onto a new one

19:24.333 --> 19:27.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
and you can create a new apple

19:27.466 --> 19:30.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
or you can create a new tree
of the same genetic variety.

19:30.900 --> 19:33.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
And then if you are
really, really interested

19:33.666 --> 19:36.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
in knowing exactly what
apple that you have,

19:36.333 --> 19:39.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
University of California has
an apple genetic testing lab

19:39.466 --> 19:41.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
where you can submit an apple.

19:41.133 --> 19:43.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
I think it costs two or $300,

19:43.133 --> 19:45.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
but you can find out
exactly what it is.

19:45.666 --> 19:48.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
But we have over
3,000 apple varieties,

19:48.000 --> 19:50.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
so some of them can
be very distinct

19:50.200 --> 19:52.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
but some of them can be
pretty difficult to tell

19:52.466 --> 19:54.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
which one's which.

19:54.000 --> 19:57.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- You know, an old friend
of ours, Pete Faye,

19:57.600 --> 20:02.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
used to make a fair amount
of apple cider around here

20:02.100 --> 20:05.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
and his neighbor had some cows.

20:05.900 --> 20:06.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
And tell you what,

20:07.800 --> 20:11.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
those cows like apples,
there's no doubt about it.

20:11.333 --> 20:14.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
And they often ate
too much of it,

20:14.466 --> 20:16.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
which wasn't pleasant but
anyway, enough of that.

20:16.700 --> 20:19.366 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
- Just one.
- Pete Faye's cider press

20:19.366 --> 20:20.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
is still running.

20:20.200 --> 20:23.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75%
Matt and Jacy Rothschiller
are out at Rocky Creek Farms,

20:23.133 --> 20:24.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
still run Pete's
apple cider press.

20:24.733 --> 20:26.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- And they make
pretty good cider.

20:26.266 --> 20:27.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- They do, yeah.

20:27.733 --> 20:29.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- Do you have a

20:29.733 --> 20:33.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
recommended book for
which varieties of apples

20:33.333 --> 20:35.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
might work in the desert?

20:35.233 --> 20:36.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
(Lon Reukauf laughs)

20:36.066 --> 20:37.066 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Well, yeah.

20:37.066 --> 20:39.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75%
Well it would be difficult
to grow apples in the desert,

20:39.466 --> 20:42.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
but we do have really nice
sets of, set of information.

20:42.866 --> 20:45.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
So our Western Ag
Research Center,

20:45.233 --> 20:48.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
they, their website,
MSU Extension's website,

20:48.100 --> 20:49.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
Google "Western Ag
Research Center",

20:49.900 --> 20:54.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
they have a really nice set
of apple varieties for Montana

20:54.933 --> 20:57.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and recommendations
for, you know,

20:57.066 --> 20:58.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
smaller scale, larger scale,

20:58.800 --> 21:00.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
depending on how
many you wanna grow.

21:00.400 --> 21:02.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
But our apple experts there,

21:02.100 --> 21:05.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
Zach Miller, who's the
superintendent there,

21:05.200 --> 21:07.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
he's extremely knowledgeable

21:07.033 --> 21:09.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
about all of the best varieties.

21:09.000 --> 21:11.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
So if there was
something I'd be curious

21:11.000 --> 21:14.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
to try and figure out,
I would go to Zach.

21:14.600 --> 21:15.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:22.5%
- Thank you.
- You're welcome.

21:15.933 --> 21:18.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- All right, I have a couple
questions for Lon here.

21:18.033 --> 21:19.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
One is a comment.

21:19.200 --> 21:21.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25%
This came from
Custer and it says,

21:21.966 --> 21:25.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
"Hey Lon, you got any extra
grasshoppers out your way?"

21:25.400 --> 21:27.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
(Jack and Lon laugh)

21:27.433 --> 21:28.800 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Many.

21:28.800 --> 21:30.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Of all the challenges
we face, you know,

21:30.466 --> 21:32.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
we can kind of manage
drought a little bit

21:32.733 --> 21:34.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
but the grasshopper deal,

21:34.466 --> 21:37.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
there's three things that
control grasshoppers,

21:37.066 --> 21:38.533 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75%
soil type,

21:38.533 --> 21:41.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
your cover, how much cover
you have on the soil,

21:41.366 --> 21:42.500 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
and weather,

21:42.500 --> 21:45.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and about all we can
manage is the cover.

21:45.200 --> 21:46.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
And that helps.

21:46.166 --> 21:49.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
You can affect your grasshoppers
quite a bit by the cover,

21:49.366 --> 21:51.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
but if the soil type
and the weather are

21:51.200 --> 21:53.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
against you long enough,
you're gonna lose.

21:53.733 --> 21:56.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- And you've had
significant issues

21:56.200 --> 21:58.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
with grasshoppers the
past few years, correct?

21:58.300 --> 22:00.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- Yeah, four times in my life

22:00.400 --> 22:02.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and probably nine times
in my family's life

22:02.733 --> 22:06.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5%
we've had these several year
in a row grasshopper disasters,

22:06.833 --> 22:08.133 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
you know, and

22:10.033 --> 22:12.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
I have a theory that
I really want to push.

22:12.600 --> 22:13.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
This is (indistinct).

22:13.966 --> 22:15.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
(Jack Riesselman laughs)

22:15.166 --> 22:17.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
An old friend of mine
named Dale Brown,

22:17.666 --> 22:19.433 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
now long gone,

22:19.433 --> 22:22.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
he said in the '30s
his dad drove around

22:22.400 --> 22:25.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
an old Model A truck and
he threw arsenic and bran

22:25.066 --> 22:27.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
out the back of his truck
for grasshopper bait.

22:27.666 --> 22:29.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
And it was all treated
with banana oil

22:29.866 --> 22:32.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
and he said he never
could eat a banana again.

22:32.433 --> 22:36.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
But the idea of finding
attractants for grasshoppers

22:36.633 --> 22:39.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
so you don't have to
spray such a large area,

22:39.900 --> 22:42.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
if you could get these
grasshoppers in a smaller zone,

22:42.800 --> 22:46.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
'cause predator insects are
a big help in grasshoppers.

22:46.533 --> 22:49.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
And sometimes if you
spray the wrong stuff

22:49.033 --> 22:50.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
over a large area,

22:50.200 --> 22:52.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
you wipe out your
predator insects.

22:52.400 --> 22:53.233 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Absolutely.
- And you haven't helped

22:53.233 --> 22:54.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
yourself in the long haul.

22:54.733 --> 22:56.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
So that's a tough one.

22:56.433 --> 22:59.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
Dave Branson at the
Sidney ARS station is

22:59.466 --> 23:01.233 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
kind of our
grasshopper go-to guy

23:01.233 --> 23:03.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and I bug him a lot, so.

23:03.833 --> 23:07.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Do any of the ranchers out
in your country use Nosema?

23:07.200 --> 23:09.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- We have, but now
this is interesting.

23:09.033 --> 23:11.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Dave Branson schooled
me on this a little.

23:11.866 --> 23:15.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
Nosema, there's like the
sinful seven grasshoppers

23:15.433 --> 23:17.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
or whatever, so not
every grasshopper is

23:17.966 --> 23:19.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
eats the same thing.

23:19.200 --> 23:21.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
And there's about seven
species of grasshoppers

23:21.766 --> 23:23.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
that can be really detrimental.

23:23.700 --> 23:26.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
And Nosema only works
on some of them.

23:26.266 --> 23:28.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
So you wanna type
your grasshopper

23:28.300 --> 23:30.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
or get somebody
to help you do it

23:30.033 --> 23:32.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
before you invest
big money into Nosema

23:32.533 --> 23:34.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
'cause unless you've got
the right grasshoppers,

23:34.000 --> 23:38.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
you know, that it's a spore
that hollows the grasshopper out

23:38.400 --> 23:39.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
from the inside out.

23:39.766 --> 23:41.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
And if you've got the
right grasshoppers,

23:41.500 --> 23:42.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
it works pretty good.

23:42.366 --> 23:45.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
And if you don't,
you're, you blew it.

23:45.033 --> 23:47.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- And that's more of a
long-term strategy too, right?

23:47.400 --> 23:49.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
You wouldn't get immediate
kind of results from Nosema.

23:49.666 --> 23:50.500 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- It happens.
- Yeah?

23:50.500 --> 23:52.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- It happens faster
than you think.

23:52.300 --> 23:54.300 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88%
- Mm-hmm.
- But when I say that,

23:54.300 --> 23:56.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
it probably isn't gonna
bail you out for this year.

23:56.033 --> 23:58.533 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88%
- Mm-hmm.
- But you can seriously affect

23:58.533 --> 24:01.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
the number of grasshoppers
that lay eggs, you know?

24:01.233 --> 24:03.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
And once your grasshopper
eggs in the ground,

24:03.633 --> 24:06.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
only egg predators
can get at that.

24:06.300 --> 24:08.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Not nuclear war, nothing.

24:08.300 --> 24:10.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
I mean it's stuck, you know?

24:10.733 --> 24:14.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
But the egg predators build
with the grasshopper populations

24:14.700 --> 24:16.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and we could talk about
that for a long time.

24:16.900 --> 24:18.000 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

24:18.000 --> 24:20.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
It's important that
you don't wreck

24:20.333 --> 24:22.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
your predator populations too.
- Predators, absolutely.

24:22.733 --> 24:25.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
That's true with a lot of pests,
there's no doubt about it.

24:27.300 --> 24:29.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
Interesting question here,

24:29.500 --> 24:32.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and we throw this
from, to Sam and Lon.

24:32.700 --> 24:36.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Have you seen an increase
in calving weight

24:36.900 --> 24:40.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
as we have milder winters
here in the state of Montana?

24:42.800 --> 24:44.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- You wanna try that?

24:44.000 --> 24:45.300 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

24:45.300 --> 24:49.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
So the blood flow in your mother

24:49.233 --> 24:51.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
increases with the cold.

24:51.266 --> 24:54.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
And the theory is that as
you have more blood flow

24:54.566 --> 24:57.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
within your mother,
mom to stay warm,

24:57.333 --> 24:59.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
that the fetus is fed more.

24:59.666 --> 25:02.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5%
And so depending on when you
get that severely cold weather,

25:03.966 --> 25:06.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
the theory, now, I don't
know if Sam has information

25:06.833 --> 25:07.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
to say this is for sure,

25:07.833 --> 25:09.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
but the theory is when
a real cold winter

25:09.900 --> 25:11.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
you'll have heavier
birth weights.

25:12.833 --> 25:14.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Yeah, I mean I can't,

25:14.633 --> 25:16.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
I guess I never thought of
looking at birth weights

25:16.766 --> 25:18.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
in relation to winter

25:18.466 --> 25:22.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
and then a geographic location
of where winter hits, when

25:22.333 --> 25:23.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
across the states.

25:23.700 --> 25:26.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
Tricky to probably
pull that out.

25:26.733 --> 25:29.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
But I can say that we've seen

25:29.700 --> 25:32.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
in the last five to seven years,

25:32.133 --> 25:35.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
we've seen some serious
winter events across Montana,

25:35.466 --> 25:38.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
like I think two
100-year winter events.

25:38.533 --> 25:41.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
And I do know following
those winter events

25:41.800 --> 25:45.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
we've had serious calf
mortality, you know?

25:45.200 --> 25:47.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
Weak calf syndrome,
a lot of sickness,

25:47.200 --> 25:48.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
scours and issues.

25:48.300 --> 25:50.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
And I think a lot of that
has to do with, you know,

25:50.866 --> 25:53.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
are we able to maintain
that animal's nutrition

25:53.833 --> 25:56.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
to keep her energy levels up

25:56.566 --> 26:00.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
so she can withstand that and
not stress that calf as well?

26:00.833 --> 26:02.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
So yeah, I don't know
about birth weights,

26:02.233 --> 26:04.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
but I do know that when
we have these bad winters

26:04.933 --> 26:07.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
that it does affect
the health and

26:09.566 --> 26:11.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
mortality rates
with those calves.

26:11.433 --> 26:13.066 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Okay.
- And the

26:14.966 --> 26:15.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
calving a little later,

26:15.933 --> 26:18.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
I've never had a calf
chill down inside of a cow,

26:19.466 --> 26:20.333 align:start position:46.25% line:10% size:5.63%
so.

26:20.333 --> 26:21.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
(Lon Reukauf laughs)

26:21.366 --> 26:22.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- [Jack Riesselman] Alright.
- So has there been

26:22.933 --> 26:24.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
a big shift in the
state to later calving,

26:24.833 --> 26:28.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
later calving dates that
aren't in February, in March?

26:28.900 --> 26:30.666 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- I think what
happens is you hit

26:30.666 --> 26:32.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
one of these really,
really bad winters

26:32.866 --> 26:34.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and everybody just about

26:35.633 --> 26:38.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
has suicidal thoughts
by the end of calving.

26:38.266 --> 26:39.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- [Tim Seipel] Yeah.
- And so they set

26:39.400 --> 26:42.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
their turnout date for
their bulls back a little

26:42.433 --> 26:44.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and then we hit a couple good
years and they start thinking,

26:44.666 --> 26:46.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
"Oh well, if we can
creep up a little,"

26:46.966 --> 26:48.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
and then you get
hammered again, you know?

26:48.666 --> 26:50.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- That's agriculture.

26:50.433 --> 26:51.600 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:9.38%
Yeah.
- I've actually done

26:51.600 --> 26:54.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
a couple tours across
Eastern Montana,

26:54.266 --> 26:58.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
all the way down on the
Wyoming and South Dakota

26:58.566 --> 27:00.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
all the way up to the Hi-Line,

27:00.833 --> 27:04.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and I've noticed that
as you go up north,

27:04.333 --> 27:05.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
just, this is just anecdotally,

27:05.866 --> 27:07.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
but just talking with producers,

27:07.233 --> 27:10.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
those calving dates creep
a little later in the year.

27:10.233 --> 27:11.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Later and later.

27:11.666 --> 27:14.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- The worst spring storm
country in the world is

27:14.233 --> 27:18.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
at Black Hills and Ekalaka,

27:18.166 --> 27:19.000 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15%
Broadus.

27:19.000 --> 27:20.633 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- Setting your calving date

27:20.633 --> 27:24.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
back into April for those
guys is not really a win

27:24.033 --> 27:26.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
'cause they get the
worst April storms.

27:26.333 --> 27:29.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
And whereas I'm a
weather watcher also,

27:29.833 --> 27:33.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
we don't get near the
April storms that say,

27:33.500 --> 27:36.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
you know, Ekalaka, Baker.
- Baker.

27:36.200 --> 27:37.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- They really get hammered.

27:37.433 --> 27:38.266 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- It's almost like

27:38.266 --> 27:40.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
the freeway draws a
line, I've noticed.

27:40.666 --> 27:41.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- That's right.

27:41.500 --> 27:43.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Yeah, and you go
north of that freeway,

27:43.166 --> 27:44.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
it's everybody.
- Yeah.

27:44.033 --> 27:45.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- Everybody's in April

27:45.266 --> 27:48.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
and those low pressures come
across the middle of Wyoming

27:48.333 --> 27:50.766 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
and they wrap
around to the north

27:50.766 --> 27:52.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
and they bring it back in.

27:52.033 --> 27:53.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
It hits the Beartooth,

27:53.600 --> 27:54.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
the eastern side of the
Beartooths that'll wrap

27:54.966 --> 27:57.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
the snow into the
Beartooths something fierce.

27:57.166 --> 27:59.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- [Jack Riesselman] And the
Black Hills of South Dakota.

27:59.366 --> 28:00.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- In South Dakota, yeah.

28:00.200 --> 28:03.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Really get hammered in the
spring, no doubt about it.

28:03.200 --> 28:05.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
Okay, we are getting behind
on a few questions here.

28:05.833 --> 28:08.200 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

28:08.200 --> 28:10.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- Purslane in a garden, quickly,
what can you do about it?

28:10.300 --> 28:11.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- [Tim Seipel] Eat it.
- [Abi Saeed] Eat it.

28:11.533 --> 28:12.366 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88%
- Eat it.

28:13.566 --> 28:14.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Purslane in the garden.

28:14.666 --> 28:16.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
So it's a late season weed.

28:16.400 --> 28:19.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
Those seeds will live forever.

28:19.266 --> 28:21.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
It is absolutely edible.

28:22.333 --> 28:23.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Myself and Roland Ebel,

28:23.900 --> 28:27.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
who's in the Sustainable
Foods Bioenergy Systems

28:27.033 --> 28:28.600 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
here at MSU,

28:28.600 --> 28:31.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
we've fermented it
and we've made pesto

28:31.800 --> 28:35.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
and we served the pesto dip
at the President's Dinner

28:35.100 --> 28:38.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
and everyone thought
it was delicious, so.

28:38.266 --> 28:39.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- [Jack Riesselman]
I'm more interested

28:39.133 --> 28:40.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
in the fermenting process.

28:40.166 --> 28:41.833 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

28:41.833 --> 28:44.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
Alright, thank you.

28:44.100 --> 28:47.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
And this is a question that
I've often wondered about.

28:47.333 --> 28:50.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
A caller asks how
many days after frost

28:50.566 --> 28:54.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and the last hay cutting
should producers wait

28:54.000 --> 28:56.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
to graze that alfalfa safely?

28:58.766 --> 29:01.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- Isn't it a little risky
to graze your alfalfa

29:01.066 --> 29:03.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
later in the season?
- After frost.

29:03.866 --> 29:05.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
- Right after that
frost it can be deadly.

29:05.933 --> 29:06.733 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15%
- Right.
- Yeah.

29:06.733 --> 29:07.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- Like that next
morning, you know?

29:07.900 --> 29:10.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
And it kind of depends on
the regrowth a little bit.

29:10.666 --> 29:12.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
Like if you get a killing frost

29:12.100 --> 29:14.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
and your alfalfa turns
brown, you're good.

29:14.566 --> 29:16.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- [Sam Wyffels] Yeah.
- But if it's just

29:16.400 --> 29:19.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
an early flash frost
and the alfalfa regrows

29:19.466 --> 29:21.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and you just never know.

29:21.966 --> 29:24.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- Yeah, the theory is that
there's some proteins in there

29:24.600 --> 29:26.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and when the animal
consumes the protein,

29:26.333 --> 29:29.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
it foams up in the ruminant
and it causes bloat issues.

29:29.933 --> 29:33.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
And so you wanna graze
at a point in time,

29:33.100 --> 29:35.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
like you say, when it turns
brown after that frost,

29:35.300 --> 29:39.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
that those aren't viable
proteins for bloat issues.

29:39.033 --> 29:40.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- Yeah and I guess I was,

29:40.066 --> 29:42.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
I've heard that if you
graze your alfalfa late

29:42.533 --> 29:45.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
you'll cause mortality
to your alfalfa,

29:45.000 --> 29:48.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
if it's still green and still
a little bit actively growing

29:48.400 --> 29:50.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
in those situations.

29:50.600 --> 29:52.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
But I don't know.
- Be cautious.

29:52.300 --> 29:53.133 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- Yeah, it's always

29:53.133 --> 29:54.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
a very cautious game

29:54.733 --> 29:55.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Caller from Jordan.

29:55.800 --> 29:57.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
We don't get many
calls from Jordan.

29:57.500 --> 30:00.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
I appreciate somebody up
there giving us a yell.

30:00.566 --> 30:01.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
They would like to
know what Lon is doing

30:01.833 --> 30:04.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
that is successful
in his grazing

30:04.166 --> 30:06.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25%
and how do you
measure that success?

30:07.433 --> 30:08.266 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88%
- I think

30:09.666 --> 30:12.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
having it more sustainable,

30:12.000 --> 30:13.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
getting through the drought

30:14.500 --> 30:17.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and the amount of root depth.

30:17.700 --> 30:19.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
And as far as what we're doing,

30:19.666 --> 30:21.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
we started off,

30:21.033 --> 30:23.166 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
we have three
different allotments

30:23.166 --> 30:25.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and three different
grazing systems.

30:25.066 --> 30:28.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5%
And we started off with kind
of like three pasture systems

30:28.433 --> 30:30.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
and we found that that really,

30:30.333 --> 30:32.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
these were summertime
grazing systems

30:32.666 --> 30:35.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and that wasn't enough pastures.

30:35.266 --> 30:38.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
And so six isn't
some magic number,

30:38.166 --> 30:42.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
it was just easiest to
split three into six.

30:42.233 --> 30:44.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
And it made a big difference
about the revegetation

30:44.633 --> 30:46.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
of the cow trails

30:46.466 --> 30:49.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
being on that land
a little shorter.

30:49.133 --> 30:52.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
So we take a few more AUMs
in a shorter time period

30:52.566 --> 30:54.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and leave, you know?

30:54.333 --> 30:56.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
And a fairly long rest period.

30:56.966 --> 30:59.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
And when we get towards
the back of the season,

30:59.333 --> 31:01.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
then we kind of assess what's
out there and what's left

31:01.933 --> 31:04.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and we might regraze
certain pastures.

31:04.500 --> 31:07.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
Try to always rest

31:07.233 --> 31:10.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5%
the one that we're gonna use
first the next year the most.

31:10.933 --> 31:15.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
So the last one in '23 will
become the first one in '24.

31:16.900 --> 31:19.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
- Okay, good answer, thank you.

31:19.400 --> 31:20.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Abi, from Livingston.

31:20.966 --> 31:22.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
And this is an issue this fall.

31:22.633 --> 31:26.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
What do you need to do to
get rid of all those leaves

31:26.033 --> 31:28.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
that fell just before the snow?

31:28.300 --> 31:29.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- Yeah, so the,

31:29.700 --> 31:32.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
that's something that I just
dealt with this week too

31:32.500 --> 31:34.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
once the snow melted because I,

31:34.633 --> 31:37.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
the snow took me by
surprise a little bit

31:37.100 --> 31:39.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
and I didn't get to do
my regular maintenance.

31:39.633 --> 31:42.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
But my favorite way is
to use those nutrients

31:42.166 --> 31:44.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
from those leaves and
keep them in your garden.

31:44.466 --> 31:47.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
And so what I would
do is I mow my lawn

31:47.300 --> 31:48.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
over top of those leaves,

31:48.700 --> 31:51.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
so I'll mow those leaves
to shred them a little bit.

31:51.366 --> 31:54.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
It helps them break down
a little bit faster.

31:54.266 --> 31:56.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
You can also take
those and shred them

31:56.300 --> 31:59.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
and put them on your garden
beds to help mulch that

31:59.166 --> 32:02.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and slowly they'll kind
of decompose underneath

32:02.066 --> 32:03.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
the next batch of snow

32:03.400 --> 32:05.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and add those nutrients
back into your soil.

32:05.833 --> 32:08.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
So I like to just
take my lawnmower

32:08.400 --> 32:10.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
on the highest setting and
just mow over all those leaves

32:10.833 --> 32:12.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
so it distributes them.

32:12.600 --> 32:13.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- [Jack Riesselman]
Do you bag it, then?

32:13.400 --> 32:15.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- Nope, I keep them
on top of my lawn

32:15.200 --> 32:17.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
so it adds those
nutrients back in.

32:17.733 --> 32:19.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
- See, I have a different plan.

32:19.333 --> 32:21.266 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah?
- I cut it really short

32:22.200 --> 32:24.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and then hope the wind comes up.

32:24.233 --> 32:25.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
(Abi Saeed laughs)

32:25.066 --> 32:26.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
That blows the leaves
into my neighbor's yard.

32:26.766 --> 32:27.633 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

32:27.633 --> 32:29.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
And that's been fairly
successful at times.

32:29.866 --> 32:32.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
Not this year, because
with snow interrupted that.

32:34.533 --> 32:35.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
Interesting question here.

32:35.800 --> 32:39.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
What's the difference between
a Red Angus and a Black Angus?

32:41.133 --> 32:42.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
You wanna do that one?

32:42.933 --> 32:46.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- Yeah, I mean this might not
be the most popular answer

32:46.166 --> 32:47.566 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
but the color.

32:47.566 --> 32:48.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

32:48.400 --> 32:49.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- I agree, yeah.

32:49.366 --> 32:50.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- It's basically
color, isn't it?

32:50.600 --> 32:53.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Yeah, so Red Angus,
believe it or not, is

32:53.000 --> 32:57.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
just a recessive gene of
Angus that makes them red.

32:57.066 --> 33:00.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
And then there's quite a
few producers out there

33:00.366 --> 33:02.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
that have preferred
that red gene

33:02.166 --> 33:03.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
and so they perpetuated that

33:03.766 --> 33:06.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and actually made their
own breed association,

33:06.433 --> 33:08.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
the Red Angus Association.

33:08.133 --> 33:11.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
But in terms of
the animal itself,

33:11.933 --> 33:14.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
it's a recessive gene associated

33:14.733 --> 33:17.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
with just Angus
breed in general.

33:17.433 --> 33:20.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- The gene pool of the Red
Angus is slightly smaller.

33:20.933 --> 33:23.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
It might be just a hair

33:24.466 --> 33:25.866 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
less variable.

33:25.866 --> 33:28.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
You know, the Black Angus
gene pool these days is huge.

33:28.800 --> 33:30.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- [Jack Riesselman]
Yes, that's true.

33:30.033 --> 33:31.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- There's a lot
of 'em, you know?

33:31.466 --> 33:35.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75%
And so the Red Angus might
be slightly more predictable.

33:35.033 --> 33:36.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- I'm, yeah, correct
me if I'm wrong

33:36.866 --> 33:39.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and I'm not an animal
scientist by any stretch,

33:39.166 --> 33:41.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
but I've been told
that Black Angus are

33:41.666 --> 33:44.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
generally slightly larger
than the Red Angus,

33:44.833 --> 33:45.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
is that correct?

33:45.833 --> 33:47.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- I don't think so.
- Okay.

33:47.133 --> 33:49.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- I think the (indistinct)
Research Center has

33:49.300 --> 33:51.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
some pretty good data
on that if you wanna,

33:52.600 --> 33:54.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
I would say the opposite.

33:54.200 --> 33:55.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- [Jack Riesselman] Okay, I was,

33:55.466 --> 33:57.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
that's what I'd heard
and I was just curious.

33:57.133 --> 33:58.566 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- Okay.

34:02.033 --> 34:03.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
This is interesting.

34:03.033 --> 34:06.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
A Great Falls caller asked
what should replace pine trees

34:06.133 --> 34:07.766 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
that have been
killed by beetles?

34:09.033 --> 34:11.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- Well if, yeah, if
you've had issues

34:11.500 --> 34:13.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
with a certain type of pest

34:14.233 --> 34:15.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and if you've had
kill like that,

34:15.800 --> 34:19.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
I would avoid replacing
them with the same species.

34:19.466 --> 34:21.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
So if you've had,

34:21.333 --> 34:23.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and I'm not sure what
exact kind of beetles

34:23.433 --> 34:24.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
you're talking about there,

34:24.266 --> 34:26.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25%
could be a few
different beetle pests,

34:26.700 --> 34:30.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
I would probably replace it
with a different type of tree

34:30.633 --> 34:32.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
that works well in that soil.

34:32.100 --> 34:33.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
The options are pretty open.

34:33.866 --> 34:35.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
And so first suggested ideas,

34:35.866 --> 34:38.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
the first thing I tell
people is to get a soil test,

34:38.633 --> 34:40.100 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
see what soil
you're working with

34:40.100 --> 34:41.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
and then you can choose a tree

34:41.733 --> 34:44.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
that will work well in
that type of landscape.

34:44.400 --> 34:45.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Okay, thank you.

34:45.600 --> 34:48.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Abi, what's the best,
I've been, you know,

34:48.100 --> 34:49.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
the wind's coming up,

34:49.000 --> 34:50.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
but I've been thinking
what's the best

34:50.266 --> 34:53.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
shelter belt construction
here in Montana?

34:53.133 --> 34:55.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
If we're thinking of
trees or Great Falls

34:55.366 --> 34:57.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
where you had some
pine trees die out,

34:57.100 --> 34:59.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
how do you put together
a good shelter belt

34:59.066 --> 35:01.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
around your house
and think about that?

35:01.200 --> 35:02.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
- Yeah, that's a good question.

35:02.233 --> 35:04.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
We have, I can't off
the top of my head

35:04.500 --> 35:05.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
think of the variety,

35:05.566 --> 35:10.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
but we have a really
nice publication

35:10.033 --> 35:12.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
that talks about the
species to incorporate

35:12.033 --> 35:13.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
in shelter belt trees.

35:13.200 --> 35:15.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
And so for those kind
of larger systems,

35:15.666 --> 35:17.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
you usually have like a larger,

35:17.966 --> 35:19.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
like a pine type tree

35:19.633 --> 35:20.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and then people have a,

35:20.633 --> 35:22.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
usually a hedge in
addition to that,

35:22.433 --> 35:25.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
like Caragana is used
in shelter belts a lot,

35:25.066 --> 35:28.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
and then a smaller, kind
of third story of plants.

35:28.100 --> 35:30.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
But we have a really
nice publication

35:30.700 --> 35:33.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
so contact your
county Extension agent

35:33.233 --> 35:35.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and they can give
you that publication

35:35.133 --> 35:37.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
that tells you all the
different species that work well

35:37.166 --> 35:38.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
in a shelter belt.
- [Tim Seipel] Okay.

35:38.666 --> 35:39.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- [Lon Reukauf] If you
want Russian olives,

35:39.866 --> 35:41.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
you gotta drive to
Beach, North Dakota.

35:41.600 --> 35:42.733 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

35:42.733 --> 35:45.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
- We'll leave that
topic for a little bit.

35:45.366 --> 35:47.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- Isn't there a new Russian
olive that is approved

35:47.933 --> 35:50.466 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
that is not
considered a noxious?

35:50.466 --> 35:51.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
I think there is,

35:51.300 --> 35:52.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
- Well I'm not sure about that

35:52.800 --> 35:56.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
but I know some people
at USD ARS in Sidney are

35:56.133 --> 35:59.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
working on a biocontrol
for Russian olive.

35:59.000 --> 35:59.833 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- I knew that.

35:59.833 --> 36:01.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- That will prevent
it from making seed

36:01.666 --> 36:04.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
and so that we could
keep the Russian olives

36:04.033 --> 36:05.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
that are out there

36:05.466 --> 36:10.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and since they're now considered
a noxious weed by some

36:10.666 --> 36:13.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and they're working
on a biocontrol,

36:13.000 --> 36:14.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
I don't know if it'll
be successful or not.

36:14.500 --> 36:15.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- [Jack Riesselman] That
may be what I'm thinking of.

36:15.966 --> 36:17.033 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- You know,

36:17.033 --> 36:19.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
I'm gonna put a plug in for

36:19.833 --> 36:22.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
the Stockgrowers
Association here

36:22.166 --> 36:24.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and Lon's a big member,
you're a member, I'm sure.

36:24.800 --> 36:26.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25%
I'm actually a
member even though I,

36:27.566 --> 36:30.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
but a little bit of history
on the cattle industry

36:30.333 --> 36:31.433 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
in this state.

36:31.433 --> 36:34.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Conrad Kohrs, and this is
kind of hard to believe,

36:34.700 --> 36:36.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
was one of the persons that,

36:36.800 --> 36:40.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
person that founded the
Stockgrowers back in 1885.

36:40.200 --> 36:41.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
You're not the oldest,

36:41.933 --> 36:44.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
the Wool Growers have
got you by two years.

36:44.066 --> 36:46.300 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- But tell us a little bit

36:46.300 --> 36:48.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
how the Stockgrowers
came together

36:48.600 --> 36:50.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and what they do for Montana.

36:50.700 --> 36:52.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
It's a great organization, so.

36:52.766 --> 36:55.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
- So actually Granville Stuart,

36:55.733 --> 36:58.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
there was two in 1884,
there was two groups.

36:58.700 --> 37:00.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
One was called the
Montana Stockgrowers

37:00.833 --> 37:03.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
and one was called the
Eastern Montana Stockgrowers.

37:03.866 --> 37:07.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
And they both come about
the same time in 1884,

37:07.366 --> 37:09.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
four or five years
before statehood.

37:09.466 --> 37:13.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
And they had a lot of
fairly large operators

37:13.433 --> 37:14.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and there was all
kinds of people

37:14.966 --> 37:18.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
that were sort of borrowing
cattle at the edges

37:18.366 --> 37:20.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
from these operations.

37:20.366 --> 37:23.666 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
And there were
several prominent,

37:23.666 --> 37:26.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
fairly wealthy people
like Teddy Roosevelt

37:26.100 --> 37:30.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and Marquis de Morès
that wanted to form

37:30.633 --> 37:34.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
an organization to
prevent cattle rustling

37:34.033 --> 37:35.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and deal with predators.

37:35.400 --> 37:37.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
And at that time
they were worried

37:37.533 --> 37:40.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
about the Indians being
hungry and taking their cattle

37:40.866 --> 37:42.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
after all the buffalo
had been wiped out

37:42.900 --> 37:46.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
to get, persecute the
Indians, you might say.

37:46.633 --> 37:48.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
Anyway, they come together,

37:48.533 --> 37:50.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
one group in Helena,
one in Mile City.

37:50.633 --> 37:54.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
The one in Mile City
was April 30th, 1884.

37:54.466 --> 37:56.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
And so these two groups
kind of communicated

37:56.500 --> 37:57.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
back and forth together.

37:57.966 --> 38:00.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
And by 1885 they were one group

38:00.833 --> 38:03.300 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
and Granville
Stuart was the first

38:03.300 --> 38:07.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
President of Montana
Stockgrowers, okay.

38:07.166 --> 38:09.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
And throughout all these years,

38:10.300 --> 38:13.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
the mission of the Stockgrowers
is pretty much to be

38:13.133 --> 38:18.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
cattle raisers' and range land
users' lobbying arm in Helena

38:19.400 --> 38:21.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
during state legislature.

38:21.000 --> 38:23.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
And then there's all kinds
of educational opportunities

38:23.466 --> 38:24.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
with Stockgrowers.

38:24.566 --> 38:26.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
When we have our convention,
we have what are called

38:26.800 --> 38:29.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Cattlemen's Colleges,

38:29.033 --> 38:30.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and I think this year we have

38:30.066 --> 38:32.566 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
12 different
Cattlemen's Colleges

38:32.566 --> 38:35.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and you can go and attend
an hour-long session

38:35.866 --> 38:38.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and ask questions about
the topic of your choice.

38:40.366 --> 38:43.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
And we have a staff
of six I think.

38:43.633 --> 38:47.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
And so if you need help
with land management issues,

38:47.733 --> 38:50.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
the Stockgrowers can
be pretty active,

38:50.166 --> 38:51.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
we have a legal fund that we use

38:51.933 --> 38:55.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
to help people out if
we feel that the members

38:55.833 --> 38:59.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75%
want to pursue that avenue
of helping someone out, so.

38:59.800 --> 39:01.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- [Jack Riesselman]
Okay, good organization.

39:01.833 --> 39:03.066 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.

39:03.066 --> 39:04.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
If you are interested,

39:04.366 --> 39:07.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
you could text beef,
those four letters

39:07.500 --> 39:11.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
to this 855-965-4006.

39:11.033 --> 39:12.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
You don't have to be a member,

39:12.666 --> 39:15.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
but you'll get a text back
about once a week maybe

39:15.766 --> 39:17.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
for what the Stockgrowers
think is going on

39:17.466 --> 39:19.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
in the cattle industry.

39:19.000 --> 39:21.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Those meetings are
really great meetings too.

39:21.466 --> 39:24.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
They have a great trade show.
- Yeah.

39:24.133 --> 39:26.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- A lot of producers from
around the state are there

39:26.066 --> 39:28.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
so you get a lot of
producer interaction.

39:29.733 --> 39:30.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
Yeah and they, you know,

39:30.566 --> 39:32.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
they really keep
everybody up to speed

39:32.533 --> 39:35.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
what's going on with
beef and the politics

39:35.033 --> 39:36.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and everything else.

39:36.633 --> 39:39.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
And just natural
resource management even,

39:39.633 --> 39:41.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
so there's a lot of great
stuff that happens there.

39:41.866 --> 39:43.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- [Lon Reukauf]
Cheatgrass management.

39:43.300 --> 39:44.133 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.

39:44.133 --> 39:44.966 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

39:44.966 --> 39:45.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- [Jack Riesselman] Cheat, okay.

39:45.866 --> 39:47.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- And the Stockgrowers policy is

39:47.700 --> 39:49.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
has to be done by the members.

39:49.966 --> 39:52.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
So I'm on the board of
directors for the Stockgrowers

39:52.566 --> 39:55.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and we meet five,
six times a year.

39:55.966 --> 39:57.433 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
But we cannot

39:58.433 --> 40:02.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
set down a policy that
the members don't approve

40:02.433 --> 40:04.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
at the next annual convention.

40:04.500 --> 40:08.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
So the board of directors
and the leadership,

40:08.166 --> 40:10.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
president, vice
president, second vice,

40:10.666 --> 40:12.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
we don't set policy.

40:12.600 --> 40:15.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
We follow policy but
we're not the drivers,

40:15.866 --> 40:16.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
the membership is.

40:16.933 --> 40:18.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- Okay, and that's good.

40:18.066 --> 40:18.900 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
I like that.

40:19.966 --> 40:21.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
I'm gonna come back
to you in a minute

40:21.333 --> 40:22.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
'cause I'm curious
about these books.

40:22.800 --> 40:24.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
Before that, Tim,

40:24.933 --> 40:28.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
what's a good way to manage
Russian thistle post harvest?

40:28.300 --> 40:30.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Russian thistle's a big
problem in the state

40:30.633 --> 40:32.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
and it's a good
forage, I'm told.

40:32.733 --> 40:33.566 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
- Oh really?

40:33.566 --> 40:34.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
I didn't know that.

40:34.400 --> 40:36.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
I only know it in
its spiny ball form.

40:36.600 --> 40:37.433 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

40:37.433 --> 40:38.966 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
Once it gets a
little bit bigger.

40:38.966 --> 40:41.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
Yeah, after you take
crops off a lot of times,

40:41.533 --> 40:45.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
especially winter wheat
or some of spring wheat,

40:45.066 --> 40:48.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
you can get a big flush
of Russian thistle

40:48.333 --> 40:49.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
or it may have been down there

40:49.833 --> 40:51.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
and then when you take it,

40:51.233 --> 40:52.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
take everything off
with the combine,

40:52.800 --> 40:54.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
it opens up the space for it.

40:54.733 --> 40:55.666 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
Post-harvest,

40:56.733 --> 41:01.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
a lot of people recommend a
herbicide called Kochiavore.

41:01.033 --> 41:04.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
It eats kochia and
it's Bromoxynil, 2, 4-D

41:04.533 --> 41:06.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
and Fluroxypyr,
that's one of them.

41:06.900 --> 41:09.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Another is just two,

41:09.666 --> 41:11.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
having 2, 4-D and
Sharpen together,

41:11.900 --> 41:14.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and Sharpen's used a
lot in pulse crops.

41:14.666 --> 41:16.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
If you have the next
year in your pulse crops,

41:16.733 --> 41:19.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
Prowl and Outlook are,

41:19.033 --> 41:21.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
tend to be a really
good combination

41:21.100 --> 41:23.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
for getting the kochia
and the Russian thistle.

41:23.966 --> 41:25.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
- All right, thank you, mm-hmm.

41:25.800 --> 41:27.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
I always ask for comments.

41:27.166 --> 41:28.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- [Tim Seipel] That was
a weed science question.

41:28.633 --> 41:29.800 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Yes it was.

41:29.800 --> 41:31.466 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

41:31.466 --> 41:33.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
And that's why I like to
call you a weed scientist.

41:33.633 --> 41:35.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Yeah, there you go.

41:35.133 --> 41:37.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
- Okay, you'll get a
kick outta this one, Lon.

41:39.033 --> 41:41.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
Lon, this caller
from Glasgow says

41:41.533 --> 41:45.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
that in 1967 they
went to a barn dance

41:45.633 --> 41:49.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
at the Reukauf Ranch the night
before he went to Vietnam.

41:49.366 --> 41:51.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
Do you still have barn dances?

41:51.400 --> 41:52.633 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
- Yes we do.

41:52.633 --> 41:53.633 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

41:53.633 --> 41:55.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
You gotta bring your own booze.

41:55.533 --> 41:56.866 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

41:56.866 --> 41:58.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- Sounds like a big party.

41:58.866 --> 41:59.700 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
- It's fun.

41:59.700 --> 42:02.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- Okay, now you know the answer.

42:02.266 --> 42:03.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
Another question.

42:04.933 --> 42:06.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
From Missoula, just
simple question

42:06.966 --> 42:09.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and I don't know the
answer to this either.

42:10.033 --> 42:12.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
How long does a cow,

42:12.300 --> 42:13.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
an average cow,

42:16.133 --> 42:18.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
useful would be a way to put it?

42:18.733 --> 42:21.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
How long can you use one?

42:21.300 --> 42:23.366 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
- That's an
interesting question.

42:23.366 --> 42:26.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
And you know, we actually
just did a research project

42:26.400 --> 42:29.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75%
on some of this looking at
lifetime productivity of cattle

42:29.400 --> 42:32.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
and can we find some
metrics within a cow herd

42:32.100 --> 42:35.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
that relate to how long
that cow stays productive

42:35.700 --> 42:38.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
as a heifer into the system?

42:38.200 --> 42:40.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
And one of the things
that we found in,

42:40.433 --> 42:43.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75%
and this is kind of one of
those no-brainer type things,

42:43.766 --> 42:45.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
is that as some of
the heifer calves

42:45.600 --> 42:49.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
out of older cows in the
herd stay in the herd longer,

42:49.200 --> 42:51.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
which you would think
that those older cows

42:51.666 --> 42:56.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
in that group have
essentially proven themselves

42:56.000 --> 42:57.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
in that environment

42:57.033 --> 43:00.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
and based off of the management
that producer operates,

43:00.166 --> 43:03.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and so that's one
thing we found.

43:03.000 --> 43:07.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
But I will say that research
literature usually presents

43:07.366 --> 43:09.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
that you'll find
about age eight or 10

43:09.966 --> 43:14.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
that the productivity of that
cow is gonna start declining.

43:15.200 --> 43:17.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
That doesn't mean that
she's not producing a calf,

43:17.133 --> 43:19.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
it's just maybe her calves
aren't as big as they were

43:19.766 --> 43:22.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
when she was a four
through six year old.

43:23.433 --> 43:25.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
But I know there's folks
out there that have

43:25.366 --> 43:27.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
14 year old cows that
are still in the herd

43:27.733 --> 43:30.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and still producing
calves every year,

43:30.033 --> 43:33.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75%
so it kind of depends on a
producer by producer management

43:33.333 --> 43:35.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
on how they want to
manage their calf crop

43:35.900 --> 43:36.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and their genetics,

43:36.766 --> 43:38.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
but they can be in
there for a while.

43:38.933 --> 43:41.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- So with calf or
cow numbers down,

43:41.400 --> 43:44.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
I think they're starting to
rebound a little bit if I,

43:44.000 --> 43:45.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
my information's correct,

43:45.933 --> 43:49.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
did we get rid of a lot of
the older calves or cows?

43:50.266 --> 43:52.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- I think this year
there was a significant

43:54.200 --> 43:56.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
part of Montana where
we'd been hanging onto

43:56.766 --> 43:58.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
these old cows for a while

43:58.500 --> 44:02.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and this grasshopper deal
really hammered the older cows

44:02.400 --> 44:03.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
'cause they're doing fine

44:03.800 --> 44:06.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
as long as conditions
are pretty good.

44:06.000 --> 44:08.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
But boy, when things get tough,

44:08.000 --> 44:11.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
your poor old cows
really have trouble.

44:11.400 --> 44:13.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
And so we had a,

44:13.466 --> 44:17.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
the highest failure to
breed rate in our cow herd

44:17.700 --> 44:19.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
that we've ever had this fall.

44:19.666 --> 44:20.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
And it was because

44:21.833 --> 44:26.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5%
we sold a significant number
of cows that were from 10 to 13

44:26.200 --> 44:29.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and we didn't have many
young cows that were dry.

44:29.033 --> 44:31.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
But those older cows,
when the going got tough,

44:31.500 --> 44:33.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
it was hard on them.
- Okay.

44:35.900 --> 44:39.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Those books, Lon, quickly
tell us about those

44:39.300 --> 44:42.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
'cause I got a bunch
more questions coming up.

44:42.366 --> 44:45.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- I got these books
off of C-SPAN.

44:45.633 --> 44:47.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
I watch C-SPAN once in a while

44:47.033 --> 44:49.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and they interviewed this author

44:49.000 --> 44:50.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and there are two books.

44:50.666 --> 44:54.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
"1491" is about what
North and South America

44:54.900 --> 44:57.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
and some of the
Old World were like

44:57.633 --> 44:59.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
before Columbus connected them.

44:59.433 --> 45:00.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
And there's a term for that.

45:00.400 --> 45:03.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
It's called the
Columbian Exchange,

45:03.200 --> 45:05.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
what happened when
Columbus connected

45:05.000 --> 45:07.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
the Old and New World
and how things changed.

45:08.300 --> 45:10.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
They're very extensive books.

45:10.300 --> 45:12.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
And this Charles
Mann, the author,

45:12.833 --> 45:17.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
just compiled a lot
of information from

45:17.266 --> 45:20.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
and anthropologists about that.

45:20.366 --> 45:23.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
And so a lot of
people don't realize

45:23.800 --> 45:26.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
how numerous and how,

45:26.666 --> 45:29.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
what huge societies
the Indigenous peoples

45:29.700 --> 45:32.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
in North and South
America actually had.

45:32.066 --> 45:32.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- [Tim Seipel] Yeah.

45:32.900 --> 45:34.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- You know, it was
accepted doctrine

45:34.966 --> 45:36.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
for a long time
that the Indians,

45:36.900 --> 45:39.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
there was just a few Indians
here and a few Indians there

45:40.800 --> 45:41.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and, but that wasn't
the way it was.

45:41.700 --> 45:44.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
They were incredible societies.

45:44.200 --> 45:47.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
And so I would urge everyone
to read these books.

45:47.633 --> 45:49.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
There's a lot of
eye-opening stuff there

45:50.766 --> 45:51.600 align:start position:46.25% line:10% size:7.5%
that

45:53.166 --> 45:55.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
challenge orthodoxy

45:55.000 --> 45:58.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
that was in college in
the '70s when I was there.

45:59.500 --> 46:00.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
- I'll back up Lon on that one.

46:00.933 --> 46:03.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
"1491" is one of my
favorite books, actually,

46:03.866 --> 46:06.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and partially because
of the descriptions

46:06.033 --> 46:08.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
of using biochar in the Amazon,

46:08.833 --> 46:11.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
all about a lot
of the agriculture

46:11.066 --> 46:12.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
that went on in the Americas.

46:12.833 --> 46:15.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
You know, the Americas
had amazing plants.

46:15.666 --> 46:17.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
When we think of
potatoes, tomatoes,

46:17.966 --> 46:20.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
chilies, corn, beans,

46:20.666 --> 46:22.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
those all were from the Americas

46:22.533 --> 46:25.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
and all domesticated by the
Indigenous societies here.

46:25.766 --> 46:26.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- [Jack Riesselman]
That's fascinating.

46:26.633 --> 46:27.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- [Tim Seipel] Yeah.

46:27.833 --> 46:28.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- [Jack Riesselman]
I'm, I have not read it

46:28.666 --> 46:29.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
but now you've convinced me.

46:29.500 --> 46:32.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- [Lon Reukauf] Yeah.
- I'm gonna have to read that.

46:33.766 --> 46:36.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
A couple other questions here.

46:36.000 --> 46:38.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
A comment from Conrad, first.

46:38.400 --> 46:40.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
A retired Stockgrowers
thinks the group

46:40.766 --> 46:44.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
or thanks the group for the
best show he has seen lately.

46:44.100 --> 46:45.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
So that's this week's.

46:45.300 --> 46:46.466 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

46:46.466 --> 46:47.300 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
Thanks.

46:51.200 --> 46:52.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
This is interesting.

46:52.400 --> 46:54.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
Bozeman caller asked what Lon's

46:54.733 --> 46:57.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and/or the general
Stockgrowers' opinions are

46:57.300 --> 47:01.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
on populations of coyotes
in Eastern Montana,

47:01.300 --> 47:03.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
more or less are about the same?

47:03.300 --> 47:04.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
Do you have an issue with them?

47:04.766 --> 47:05.700 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15%
- We do.

47:05.700 --> 47:09.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
And this year was an excellent
year for young pup coyotes.

47:09.633 --> 47:12.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
The grasshopper thing is
really good for the coyotes

47:12.366 --> 47:14.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
'cause the young pups
get all they want to eat

47:14.533 --> 47:16.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
of a really high protein food.

47:16.566 --> 47:17.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
So the survival,

47:17.500 --> 47:22.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and then coyote females
respond in a big way

47:22.033 --> 47:24.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
to the food that they eat.

47:24.066 --> 47:27.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
My son shot a female coyote

47:27.600 --> 47:30.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
off of a cow that was
calving this spring

47:30.833 --> 47:33.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and that female had
seven pups inside of her.

47:33.733 --> 47:35.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
And that's just, you know,

47:35.766 --> 47:38.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
in the past, two or
three would be normal.

47:38.800 --> 47:41.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
And so these coyotes, we've
got a lot of wildlife,

47:41.600 --> 47:42.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
we've got a lot of birds.

47:42.900 --> 47:44.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
The coyotes get
to eat really well

47:44.833 --> 47:47.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:22.5%
and so their
reproduction amps up.

47:47.033 --> 47:48.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- Yeah, ramps up, I agree.

47:48.733 --> 47:50.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
We have another question
here similar to that

47:50.833 --> 47:53.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
but before we go to
that from Billings,

47:53.200 --> 47:56.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
the caller wants to move
some chokecherry trees.

47:56.166 --> 47:59.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
When is the best time to
transplant them, spring or fall?

47:59.833 --> 48:02.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- I like to say spring.

48:02.100 --> 48:04.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Spring is my favorite
time to transplant.

48:04.400 --> 48:06.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
You can do it in the fall.

48:06.233 --> 48:07.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
If I'm doing it in the fall,

48:07.300 --> 48:10.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
I usually wait until
they're dormant to do it

48:10.200 --> 48:11.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
'cause those soil,

48:11.066 --> 48:14.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
the roots are still gonna grow
before that soil is frozen.

48:14.133 --> 48:16.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
But I like to air,
aim for the spring.

48:16.766 --> 48:18.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
I think it gives
them the best shot

48:18.566 --> 48:21.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
for really establishing
well during that year

48:21.566 --> 48:22.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
going into another winter.

48:22.933 --> 48:28.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
So I would say wait until the
soils warm up in the spring.

48:28.100 --> 48:31.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
- Why can't we get
more chokecherries?

48:31.933 --> 48:35.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
We, I know they robins
do a big number on 'em,

48:35.166 --> 48:37.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
but there's a worm
that gets in 'em too.

48:37.433 --> 48:39.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- Yeah, there's a fly,

48:39.166 --> 48:43.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
there's a type of fly larvae
that will attack them too.

48:43.900 --> 48:45.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
And sometimes, you know,

48:45.533 --> 48:49.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
lots of critters will eat
that fruit because it's tasty.

48:49.666 --> 48:50.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- [Jack Riesselman]
It's tough to make

48:50.500 --> 48:52.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
chokecherry wine
anymore, I know that.

48:52.266 --> 48:53.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- Yeah, absolutely.

48:53.366 --> 48:54.300 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
- So I have
chokecherries and I have

48:54.300 --> 48:58.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5%
one chokecherry tree and the
birds pick it completely clean.

48:58.266 --> 48:59.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
And the other chokecherry tree,

48:59.666 --> 49:02.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
they don't eat as much off of

49:02.133 --> 49:03.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and I can't figure out,

49:03.433 --> 49:05.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
maybe it's the position
of where it's at,

49:05.033 --> 49:06.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
something like that.

49:06.100 --> 49:09.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
But we did make some nice
chokecherry syrup this year,

49:09.033 --> 49:10.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
but I had to cut it
with flathead cherries

49:10.766 --> 49:12.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
because that taste,

49:12.400 --> 49:13.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
the almond-y.

49:14.700 --> 49:15.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- [Jack Riesselman]
Rosin-y, yeah.

49:15.600 --> 49:18.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- Yeah, was, it
was pretty serious.

49:18.833 --> 49:23.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Okay, a question
from Facebook for Lon,

49:23.533 --> 49:25.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
what opportunities does he see

49:25.266 --> 49:29.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
for developing partnerships
with Fish, Wildlife and Parks

49:29.366 --> 49:31.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
for the purpose of
achieving shared objectives

49:31.966 --> 49:35.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
for rangeland and
wildlife conservation?

49:35.333 --> 49:37.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
You could talk for hours on
that but time's getting low.

49:37.900 --> 49:39.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
(group laughs)

49:39.266 --> 49:41.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- We are one of the
first participants

49:41.533 --> 49:44.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
in Fish, Wildlife and Parks
Block Management Program.

49:44.633 --> 49:48.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
And there's several ranches
that are our neighbors

49:48.800 --> 49:52.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and we have the largest block
management area in the state.

49:52.766 --> 49:57.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
And I believe there's nine
or 10 ranches in this area

49:57.400 --> 50:00.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
and we all band
together to negotiate

50:00.900 --> 50:02.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
with Fish, Wildlife and Parks

50:02.666 --> 50:06.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
about the compensation and the
way the land's gonna be used.

50:06.133 --> 50:07.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
And one of our deals is

50:07.966 --> 50:11.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
we are getting a big elk
herd, believe it or not, and.

50:12.000 --> 50:14.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- [Jack Riesselman] You
shouldn't say that here.

50:14.066 --> 50:15.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- I, we'd like to,

50:15.733 --> 50:17.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
I just wish that we
didn't have so many.

50:19.033 --> 50:20.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
And I was telling
the panel earlier

50:20.633 --> 50:23.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
that they leave

50:23.266 --> 50:24.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
on Columbus Day

50:24.366 --> 50:25.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and they come home
for Thanksgiving

50:25.933 --> 50:29.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and that's when the
rifle season is.

50:29.066 --> 50:31.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
And so one of the big problems

50:31.466 --> 50:33.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
that the Stockgrowers goes
around and around with

50:33.633 --> 50:36.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
on this elk deal is

50:36.500 --> 50:40.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
how do you get the hunters
where you need 'em to be

50:40.133 --> 50:42.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
to harvest the elk, you know?

50:42.200 --> 50:46.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
'Cause a lot of people
have an aversion to having

50:46.166 --> 50:49.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
unknown folks walking around
with high powered rifles,

50:49.333 --> 50:51.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and some people want to
keep the elk for themselves.

50:51.866 --> 50:55.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
And then those of us that
have hay fields and stuff

50:55.266 --> 50:56.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
that the elk camp on,

50:56.533 --> 50:59.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
we'd like to run a lot more
mule deer and less elk.

50:59.766 --> 51:00.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- [Jack Riesselman] Okay.
- And that,

51:00.700 --> 51:02.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
and we could run
probably more antelope,

51:02.633 --> 51:05.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
but elk are just a large animal.

51:05.266 --> 51:07.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
They eat a lot and they
break a lot of things.

51:07.633 --> 51:10.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- I've been told that,
no doubt about that.

51:12.466 --> 51:14.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Interesting question
from Bozeman here.

51:17.000 --> 51:20.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
I'll let Sam and/or
Lon do this one.

51:20.900 --> 51:23.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
Is there a breed
of cattle that is

51:23.366 --> 51:27.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
better suited to
finish on grass?

51:29.766 --> 51:32.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- I like these questions.
- I think so.

51:32.066 --> 51:34.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
- But, and more than the
breed, it's the frame size.

51:35.866 --> 51:38.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Larger animals, you know,

51:38.166 --> 51:39.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
do way better on corn

51:39.900 --> 51:43.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
and smaller framed animals
will develop a fat cover

51:43.666 --> 51:47.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
because they reach the
peak of their growth curve

51:47.133 --> 51:49.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
a little younger and
a little smaller.

51:49.900 --> 51:53.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
So we sell, our ranch sells
some grass-fed hamburger

51:53.700 --> 51:56.866 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75%
and we use

51:56.866 --> 51:59.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
almost all young females
that lose a calf.

51:59.900 --> 52:03.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
And then about mid-July,

52:03.200 --> 52:07.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
we'll take those to
a federally-inspected

52:07.600 --> 52:09.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
so we can sell
packages of hamburger.

52:10.966 --> 52:13.500 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
And, but I,

52:13.500 --> 52:16.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
your last show had Dave
Mannix talking about

52:16.066 --> 52:20.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
their grass-fed program and
he explained that really well,

52:20.533 --> 52:22.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
how they do that
and how it takes

52:22.566 --> 52:25.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
a little longer and you gotta
time the grass just right.

52:25.266 --> 52:26.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
It's a lot to it.

52:26.566 --> 52:27.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Yeah, I wouldn't
necessarily say

52:27.400 --> 52:29.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
there's like a breed per
se that would be better.

52:29.966 --> 52:31.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
I mean there's certainly breeds

52:31.066 --> 52:32.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
you wouldn't want
to try to grass.

52:32.500 --> 52:34.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- [Lon Reukauf] Yeah.
- Finish on.

52:34.133 --> 52:36.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
But I think it has to
do more, like you said,

52:36.700 --> 52:38.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
the frame size of those cattle,

52:38.166 --> 52:39.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
what their growth rates are,

52:39.633 --> 52:42.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
what kind of growth
curve you're looking at.

52:42.433 --> 52:45.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
Certainly there's some
smaller breeds of cattle

52:45.166 --> 52:46.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
that would maybe

52:47.733 --> 52:49.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
be quicker on grass maybe,

52:49.733 --> 52:52.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
but yeah, mostly it's
just a time thing,

52:52.633 --> 52:55.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
making sure that you
have enough time on grass

52:55.566 --> 52:57.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
and time that grass just right

52:57.100 --> 52:59.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
to get your growth curves
where you want 'em.

52:59.733 --> 53:00.466 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- Good answer.

53:02.000 --> 53:03.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
I'm gonna come back
to Lon in a minute.

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Before we do that,

53:04.566 --> 53:07.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
I'm gonna plug one other
thing here for MSU.

53:07.800 --> 53:10.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
It's called the OLLI Program,

53:10.166 --> 53:15.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Osher Lifelong Learning
Institute here at

53:15.600 --> 53:16.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
If you're interested,

53:16.500 --> 53:19.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
people I believe over 55
qualify for this program.

53:19.666 --> 53:22.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
They have some excellent,
excellent opportunities

53:22.400 --> 53:24.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
for continuing education.

53:24.966 --> 53:26.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
If you're interested, go online

53:26.900 --> 53:28.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and look up OLLI.

53:28.300 --> 53:29.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
It's a great program.

53:31.366 --> 53:32.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
Environmental stewardship,

53:33.700 --> 53:35.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
great program that
ranchers have.

53:35.766 --> 53:37.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
We don't have a lot of time.

53:37.400 --> 53:40.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Tell us Lon, I know you
were a winner in '19.

53:40.300 --> 53:42.333 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- 2016.
- 2016,

53:42.333 --> 53:45.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Dave Mannix or Mannix
Brother Ranch this year.

53:45.400 --> 53:47.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
Tell us about that real briefly.

53:48.166 --> 53:50.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- This is a program
that we put together

53:50.166 --> 53:51.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
to try to highlight

53:53.800 --> 53:56.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
stewards of the land
that we think are doing

53:56.133 --> 53:57.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
a really positive job.

53:57.766 --> 54:00.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
And the environmental
stewardship program has

54:00.166 --> 54:01.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
a twofold deal.

54:01.333 --> 54:06.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
We try to invite people
to go on a in-person tour

54:06.266 --> 54:08.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and we try to pick
like media people,

54:09.566 --> 54:13.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
or this year we tried to
focus them on dieticians,

54:13.433 --> 54:16.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
different people in
different phases of education

54:17.333 --> 54:21.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
to let 'em see just exactly
how your beef comes about

54:21.966 --> 54:24.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and how it's grown.

54:24.033 --> 54:26.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
And so the other half of that is

54:26.600 --> 54:30.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
we try to do all kinds of
videos on the actual tour.

54:30.300 --> 54:31.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
So if you aren't on the tour,

54:31.866 --> 54:36.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
you can access the video via
YouTube or the MSGA website.

54:37.333 --> 54:39.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
It's mtbeef.org, I think.

54:39.800 --> 54:43.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
And so that's why the
program was developed.

54:43.000 --> 54:45.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
There's a small amount
of checkoff money

54:45.566 --> 54:47.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
that helps fund this.

54:47.933 --> 54:49.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
The majority of it comes from

54:49.966 --> 54:52.100 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
the Montana
Stockgrowers Foundation,

54:52.100 --> 54:54.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
which is different than
Montana Stockgrowers,

54:54.933 --> 54:57.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and the GLCI kicks in
a little money, so.

54:57.800 --> 54:59.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- You know, I got
invited this year

54:59.166 --> 55:00.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
and I absolutely enjoyed it.

55:00.666 --> 55:03.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
And I'm old enough
that I can still learn

55:03.766 --> 55:04.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
a little bit here and there.

55:04.866 --> 55:06.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
Actually, I learned a lot.

55:06.466 --> 55:08.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
So that's great, folks,
we're getting down

55:08.033 --> 55:09.600 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
to an end of
another fun program.

55:09.600 --> 55:10.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
(country music plays)

55:10.433 --> 55:12.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
I wanna thank Lon
for coming over,

55:12.766 --> 55:14.166 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88%
Abi, Tim,

55:14.166 --> 55:15.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and of course Sam.

55:15.333 --> 55:17.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
I didn't pick on you
very much tonight.

55:17.100 --> 55:20.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Usually the person next
to me gets picked on.

55:20.066 --> 55:23.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Next week, our guest is
gonna be Tara Mastel.

55:23.033 --> 55:25.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
She's kind of a community
development specialist

55:25.700 --> 55:28.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
working on rural
Montana communities.

55:28.166 --> 55:30.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
I think you'll enjoy
that program a lot.

55:30.400 --> 55:32.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Thanks again, see you
next week, goodnight.

55:34.000 --> 55:36.300 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
- [Narrator] For more
information and resources,

55:36.300 --> 55:41.133 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
visit Montanapbs.org/aglive.

55:41.133 --> 55:44.633 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
(country music continues)

56:11.000 --> 56:14.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
- [Narrator 2] Montana Ag
Live is made possible by

56:14.233 --> 56:16.200 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
the Montana Department
of Agriculture,

56:17.700 --> 56:18.966 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25%
MSU Extension,

56:20.800 --> 56:22.800 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
the MSU Ag Experiment Stations

56:22.800 --> 56:24.433 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
of the College of Agriculture,

56:25.500 --> 56:27.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
the Montana Wheat
& Barley Committee,

56:28.600 --> 56:30.600 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
Cashman Nursery & Landscaping,

56:32.266 --> 56:34.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
the Northern Pulse
Growers Association

56:35.766 --> 56:37.366 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and the Gallatin Gardeners Club.

56:40.666 --> 56:43.666 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5%
(upbeat music plays)