WEBVTT

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-(Narrator) Monatana Ag Live is
made possible by

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The Montana Deptment of
Agriculture

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 The MSU
extension service,

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the MSU Ag Experiment Stations

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of the College of Agriculture,

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the Montana Wheat
and Barley Committee,

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the Montana Bankers Association,

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Cashman Nursery and Landscaping,

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and the Gallatin Gardeners Club.

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♪ If your herbicides
and fungicides and

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♪ The veggies you are growing
in your garden start to mold

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♪ If the ants are attacking
and you£re having a hard time

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♪ Call Montana AG Live

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♪ Knapweed in the ditch and
the old bull's got an itch

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♪ Ticks upon my sheep and
the wool is really cheap

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♪ The gophers in the pasture
are even worse than last year

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♪ Montana AG Live where are you

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- Good evening, welcome
to Montana AG Live

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originating tonight from
the studios of KUSM,

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on the beautiful campus of
Montana State University

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and coming to you over
Montana public television.

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I'm Jack Riesselman, I'll
be your host and moderator

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and maybe antagonist tonight.

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We've got some people here
that I've might have throw

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some nasty questions to us,
it's always a lot of fun.

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So tonight, let me
introduce the panel.

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To immediate left, Gary Brester,

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Gary's been on numerous times.

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He's an ag economist so
if you have any questions

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regarding ag economics
or economics in general,

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now is a good time
to get an answer.

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Next to Gary is Clain Jones.

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Clain is a soil
fertility specialist

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and this is a good time
of year to ask questions

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about what you wanna do
relative to fertilizer,

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either in your lawn and
gardens or on your ag land.

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So, if you have questions
regarding fertilizer,

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Clain's here tonight.

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I'd like to welcome a
special guest tonight,

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Richard Browning is with Montana
Department of Agriculture.

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Richard is an ag land specialist
for appraisal purposes.

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So, if you have questions
about how land is taxed,

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anything you'd like
to learn about that,

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tonight will be a good
chance to ask Richard.

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Mary Burrows, plant pathologist,

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I think Mary's been
here many, many times.

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And answering the phone tonight,

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starting from the left is
Barb Schaff, Nancy Blake,

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and Cheryl Moore-Gough.

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So folks, you know the routine,

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if you have questions
call 'em in,

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there's the number on
the screen pretty soon

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but before we start,

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Richard, tell us a little
bit about what you do

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for the Montana
Department of Revenue.

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- Yeah, certainly,
thank you, Jack.

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Well, I've been at
this for about 12 years

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since 2007, I've
been actively devoted

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to agricultural appraisals
and (clears throat)

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some of the history in
that is that in 2007,

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we began ground truthing
where state why we went around

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and identified fields,
field boundaries

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and what type of
agricultural practice,

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what type of irrigation
was occurring,

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developed maps and
sent out what we called

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ag mapped mailings to
all the ownerships,

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ask them for review and
feedback and we got plenty.

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And so, that led us to the
process and the methodology

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that we use today to value
agricultural ag lands.

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- Okay, we'll get into
that as day goes on

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but you know, Montana's a big
state to do the entire state

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was a big job.
- Yes, it was a huge project

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and it's also included
forest lands as well.

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They were handled a little
bit differently though.

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- Okay, sounds good.

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Mary, we'll get
started with you,

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this question came
in from Plentywood

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which for some of you who
don't know where that is,

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extreme northeast
corner of the state,

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they grow a lot of lentils out
in that part of the country.

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Lentils have been a very
profitable crop recently

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but this person had while
mold on their lentils.

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What is it and what can
they do to avoid it?

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- White mold is a fungal disease

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caused by Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum,

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and it kinda caught us
by surprise this year.

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We had cool, wet
conditions after flowering

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and in lentils, the fungus
can probably come in

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in those deadly using the
bottom of the canopy as well.

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So, we had washed
crops very bumper crops

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as far as yields of lush
canopies, cool, wet conditions

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it's very, very wet in
that area of the country,

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and probably the inoculum have
been building up for years.

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So, we had thousands of acres
that died from white mold

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and I'll be up there
in a couple of weeks

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talking about white
mold and scab on derm.

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- Okay, do you foresee
lentils growth increasing

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as it has the last few years?

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- It's up to the
markets, I think.

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I think, people, I hope,
they will be more attentive

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to their crop rotations.

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Sclerotinia infects
a very broad range

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of dicot crops and weeds,

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so if we can get 45 acres or
45 years between pulse crops

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and be careful about
the use of canola

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which is also very
susceptible to this disease,

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we'll be a long far away ahead.

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- And sunflower.
- Yeah, and sunflower,

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and there are some fungicides
but they kept to be used

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at the right time
and the right way,

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and getting that penetration
of the canopy and lentil

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is extremely difficult.

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- I agree with you.

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Richard.
- Yes.

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- From Manhattan, this
person wants to know,

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has his irrigated land
values increased recently?

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He seems to think so.

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- The last irrigated land
increase beginning of this,

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the current reappraisal
cycle that we're in,

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that would have been 2015.

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In 2015, legislature
decided that we were going

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from a six-year cycle
to a two-year cycle

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so the value that was
established in 2015

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would carry through
2015 and 2016,

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and yes, it did
increase at that time,

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however, the land
value wouldn't increase

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throughout that cycle,
perhaps the taxes did

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but that is more than
likely a mill levy issue.

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- [Jack] Okay.

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- May I correct?
- Sure.

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- And Richard, it isn't
that the market value,

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the market value of the land
may have been increasing

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but what's determining
that is the mill levy issue

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you mentioned and
probably the price cycle

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over which the value the
crop was being evaluated

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was the big changing
factor, wouldn't have been?

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- Yeah, at the
beginning of each cycle,

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the price cycle or the
Olympic year average

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that we use to determine
the average commodity price

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will stay, will be
the commodity price

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that we use for
the entire cycle.

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So, a value of an
acre of irrigated land

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however, the mill
levy is the wild card

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that would yeah, thank you.

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- Sounds good.

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Gary, cattle prices are much
lower, any reason for that?

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What's the foreseeable
future for cattle prices?

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- Sure, sure, there's
always reasons for it.

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I was just thinking,
the first few times

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I was on Montana AG Live,
I didn't need these,

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and now, I do need
these to check

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but actually, I had
somebody tell me once

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that the good thing
about wearing glasses,

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it gives you time
to take 'em off,

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it gives you time to think
before you answer a question.

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Cattle prices reached a
record high two years ago

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and I'm talking about
both live cattle

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and feeder cattle prices,

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and it was actually
quite surprising how high

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those prices were for some time.

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It's a combination of demand
for agricultural commodity

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is pretty steady.

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I mean, I changes a little
bit from time to time

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but not enough to cause
big swings in prices.

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Excuse me, what causes
swings is production factors.

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And a couple of years
ago between pork

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and poultry disease problems,
we had a protein problem

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that we just didn't
have enough protein,

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prices went very high,

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and prices are much lower
today than their record was

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and it's primarily because the
pork and poultry industries

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have their production
situation in good shape,

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the U.S. live stock industry
responded to higher prices

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and production
increased as well,

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but nonetheless, while prices
are lower than the record,

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it doesn't mean that
there a disaster,

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we still have relative to when
I didn't need to wear these,

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we have very strong price,

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and of course, costs
are higher as well

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but nonetheless,
I, for the future,

09:00.366 --> 09:02.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
I think we're gonna
see sort of prices

09:02.800 --> 09:04.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
near their long run
average which on the trend

09:04.833 --> 09:06.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
would be about where
they're at today

09:06.566 --> 09:08.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
but I kinda think this is
at the bottom side of that.

09:08.966 --> 09:10.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
I think in the next year or two,

09:10.300 --> 09:14.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
we'll see some strengthening
in those markets

09:14.133 --> 09:17.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and I'm very bullish
on the cattle industry

09:17.233 --> 09:21.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
primarily because the world
just isn't creating more grass

09:21.233 --> 09:23.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and we're creating more
people and as a result,

09:23.800 --> 09:26.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
I think you're never gonna have

09:26.466 --> 09:28.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
a record price every
year, of course,

09:28.466 --> 09:31.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
but I think we can expect
a pretty solid prices

09:31.733 --> 09:33.000 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
down the road.

09:33.000 --> 09:35.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- I'm gonna come
back to prices every,

09:35.300 --> 09:37.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
you mentioned pastures,
there's a question here

09:37.933 --> 09:41.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
from Hamilton for you, Clain.

09:41.066 --> 09:42.833 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
Their pasture
looks pretty tough,

09:42.833 --> 09:45.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
it could be due to a lot of
things over grains and whatever

09:45.600 --> 09:46.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
but they would like to know,

09:46.666 --> 09:49.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
should they recede
it or fertilize it?

09:49.833 --> 09:51.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- So, a good question,
without seeing it,

09:51.066 --> 09:53.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
it's hard to know but
what I would recommend

09:53.800 --> 09:56.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
is do a soil test, there's
still plenty of time

09:56.133 --> 09:59.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
before the ground freezes up
this fall or early winter.

09:59.633 --> 10:02.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
What I would recommend
doing is, doing a soil test.

10:02.500 --> 10:05.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
You can call local
fertilizer dealer,

10:05.133 --> 10:07.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
they can come out
and do it for you.

10:07.033 --> 10:10.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
I also have a Mont guide
that I'd like to show here

10:10.966 --> 10:14.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
on soil testing and
fertilizer guidelines

10:15.266 --> 10:18.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and so, this specific
one is for home gardeners

10:18.800 --> 10:22.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
but it can also be
used for pastures.

10:22.133 --> 10:24.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
The title is Home
Garden Soil Testing

10:24.133 --> 10:26.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
and Fertilizer Guidelines,

10:27.366 --> 10:29.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
and you can find
this on my website

10:29.533 --> 10:31.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
and the way you find my website

10:31.066 --> 10:35.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
is you type in Clain,
C-L-A-I-N and soil,

10:35.100 --> 10:37.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and usually, my website's
the first one to come up

10:37.500 --> 10:39.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
and then you can find this.

10:39.400 --> 10:41.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
I'd recommend a soil
test before you go

10:41.233 --> 10:43.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and spend a lot of money
receding or fertilizing.

10:43.800 --> 10:47.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Find out whether you're
low in nutrients or not.

10:47.633 --> 10:49.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
- Okay, we'll go back to Gary.

10:49.333 --> 10:51.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
I'd like to throw
curves to people.

10:51.366 --> 10:52.600 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
- Thank you.
- Yeah, you're welcome,

10:52.600 --> 10:55.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
egg prices have collapsed.

10:55.333 --> 10:57.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
Year ago, we were
paying $3 a dozen,

10:57.533 --> 11:01.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
you can buy 'em for
69 cents now, why?

11:01.066 --> 11:04.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Well, again, the
avian flu problem

11:04.500 --> 11:06.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
really hurt so much to
the poultry producers

11:06.700 --> 11:09.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and so that's why poultry
production was down

11:09.800 --> 11:11.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
but egg production
was down a lot,

11:11.300 --> 11:13.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
so we had very, very
high prices for eggs

11:13.333 --> 11:15.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
for six months, almost a year,

11:17.333 --> 11:19.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and since that time,

11:19.100 --> 11:22.366 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
the production
systems have improved,

11:22.366 --> 11:24.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
they have been able to get
rid of some of those problems

11:24.966 --> 11:27.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and production is
back on normal.

11:27.266 --> 11:28.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
So, if we ever take a
look at these prices,

11:28.900 --> 11:30.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
we always tend to think about,

11:30.300 --> 11:32.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
it is relative to the highest
price we've ever seen,

11:32.533 --> 11:34.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
this one isn't nearly as high

11:34.366 --> 11:37.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
but relative to the long
run average price of eggs,

11:37.700 --> 11:39.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
we're probably in the ballpark,

11:39.866 --> 11:41.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
we're probably a
little bit lower

11:41.433 --> 11:44.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
but that's the
usual approach again

11:44.933 --> 11:47.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
with agriculture commodities.

11:47.166 --> 11:51.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Demand is pretty constant
and people have to eat

11:51.533 --> 11:54.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and I eat too much
and so, consequently,

11:54.233 --> 11:58.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
pretty small changes, relatively
small changes in production

11:58.300 --> 11:59.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
for agricultural commodities

11:59.666 --> 12:02.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
caused pretty large
swings in prices

12:02.000 --> 12:04.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and that why people work
very hard at managing risks

12:04.933 --> 12:07.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
through contracting in
future's markets when they can

12:07.400 --> 12:09.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and the versification
of different crops

12:09.633 --> 12:11.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
and livestock enterprises.

12:11.133 --> 12:13.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
So, the business is
certainly a risky one,

12:13.400 --> 12:15.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
not only in the yield side but
especially on the price side.

12:15.900 --> 12:17.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- Sounds good.

12:17.400 --> 12:21.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Richard, this person
would like to know

12:21.000 --> 12:23.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
why our agricultural
property taxes

12:23.066 --> 12:25.533 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
based on the
productivity factors

12:25.533 --> 12:28.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
rather than property values?

12:28.633 --> 12:31.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- That's a good question.

12:31.166 --> 12:34.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Well, (clears throat)

12:34.566 --> 12:38.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
legislature houses deemed
that agricultural values

12:40.033 --> 12:42.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
should not be affected
by the speculate

12:42.166 --> 12:46.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
of market around them
and so productivity

12:46.066 --> 12:50.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
is what we utilize along with
an average commodity price.

12:53.800 --> 12:55.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
The productivities
that we utilize,

12:55.766 --> 12:58.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
we use the NRCS soil survey.

13:02.366 --> 13:06.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
The commodity prices that
we use are for spring wheat,

13:06.433 --> 13:09.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
alfalfa hay, and
private grazing lease.

13:13.633 --> 13:16.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- For we have a lot of people
that are not basic farmers,

13:16.600 --> 13:19.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
ranchers, and so forth
that watch the program,

13:19.333 --> 13:21.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
can you give us
a ballpark figure

13:21.500 --> 13:25.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and what dry land,
agricultural land is valued at

13:25.566 --> 13:28.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
for tax purposes
versus irrigated.

13:29.566 --> 13:33.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- Yeah, well, (clears throat)

13:33.333 --> 13:34.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
well, valuation wise,

13:34.433 --> 13:38.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
you could probably look
at dry land hay valuings

13:38.333 --> 13:41.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
somewhere in that
$100 to $400 an acre.

13:44.666 --> 13:49.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
Irrigated land is gonna start
at a minimum of $511 an acre

13:49.400 --> 13:51.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
which is set by statute

13:52.800 --> 13:55.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and can go up to,
well, $2003 an acre

13:59.866 --> 14:02.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
would be the highest
irrigated which we don't--

14:02.533 --> 14:03.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- [Jack] A lot of
variation there.

14:03.766 --> 14:04.766 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
- Yes, yeah.

14:05.833 --> 14:07.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- [Jack] And you?

14:07.133 --> 14:10.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- And those valuations are
based upon the productivity

14:10.366 --> 14:13.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
of that land but none
on the specific crop

14:13.200 --> 14:15.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
with the exception
of spring weed

14:15.300 --> 14:16.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
if you're in a dry land area,

14:16.200 --> 14:18.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
irrigated areas are all
based upon its ability,

14:18.900 --> 14:22.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
that soil type's ability
to produce alfalfa hay,

14:22.166 --> 14:25.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
and that multiplied by
the price of alfalfa hay

14:25.466 --> 14:27.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
over a certain period of time,

14:27.266 --> 14:30.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
that gives you its value
which is then multiplied

14:30.300 --> 14:33.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
by another factor to
represent a share of that

14:33.666 --> 14:36.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
that would go to
land and as a result,

14:36.166 --> 14:37.800 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
whether you're
raising sugar beets

14:37.800 --> 14:40.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
or whether you're
raising lentils.

14:40.300 --> 14:42.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
You know, lentils are never
again, try to think another,

14:42.300 --> 14:46.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
molten barley, the same
taxable process is used

14:46.033 --> 14:48.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
as if we were just all
being done with alfalfa hay,

14:48.833 --> 14:52.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and then all that's
multiplied by mill levies

14:52.300 --> 14:54.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
and that's where a lot
of the variation happens

14:54.833 --> 14:57.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
when you're in a fairly urban
area like around Bozeman,

14:57.933 --> 15:00.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
we have higher mill
levies than you would have

15:00.233 --> 15:03.700 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
in some lesser
populated counties.

15:03.700 --> 15:04.533 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- Sounds good.

15:04.533 --> 15:06.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- So follow up to
either Richard or Gary,

15:06.900 --> 15:10.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
those were from property
tax reasons, right?

15:10.433 --> 15:11.733 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
Valuations?
- Yeah, Sir,

15:11.733 --> 15:15.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
valuations are for
property tax purposes only.

15:15.933 --> 15:19.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- And how do this compare
to just kind of in general

15:19.033 --> 15:23.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
to say sale prices over the
last few years, any idea?

15:24.200 --> 15:26.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Yeah, well.

15:26.033 --> 15:27.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- [Clain] Just curious.

15:27.966 --> 15:29.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- Well, you could
probably look at rec,

15:29.500 --> 15:31.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
you know, I'm not an
expert in this one

15:31.000 --> 15:35.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
but you could probably look
at recreational ranch prices

15:35.333 --> 15:38.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
anywhere from 5,000
an acre on out.

15:38.400 --> 15:41.066 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- Yeah, substantially higher.

15:41.066 --> 15:42.233 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.
- Yeah.

15:43.300 --> 15:45.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- But housing,
residential housing is

15:45.600 --> 15:47.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
it is done based on market value

15:47.133 --> 15:49.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
but then, it's adjusted
down much lower

15:49.533 --> 15:53.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
before mill levies are
attached to it as well so.

15:53.200 --> 15:58.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Okay, Mary, from Cut Bank,
they have a lot of potatoes,

15:58.033 --> 16:00.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
they wanna know whether
or not they should plow

16:00.033 --> 16:03.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
the potato tubs back
into the garden.

16:04.633 --> 16:05.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- I thought everything
should by plowed back

16:05.833 --> 16:07.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
into the garden, no Gary?

16:07.366 --> 16:08.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
You're saying no?

16:08.400 --> 16:10.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- I use sanitation purposes.

16:10.100 --> 16:11.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
I'm not sure, I
think I'd remove 'em.

16:11.866 --> 16:12.866 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
- Okay, why?

16:14.000 --> 16:16.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
Just very briefly.

16:16.000 --> 16:18.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- Yeah, there could be
several different diseases,

16:18.100 --> 16:20.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
they could be on a, do
the same for sugar beets.

16:20.333 --> 16:21.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
That's why you rotate I think.

16:21.766 --> 16:22.766 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25%
- Yup.
- Yup.

16:22.766 --> 16:24.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- Okay, from Reggae, Clain,

16:24.900 --> 16:27.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
this field they
have is low in zinc,

16:28.933 --> 16:32.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
what can they do to replace
the low level of zinc,

16:32.966 --> 16:34.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
what should they be doing?

16:34.033 --> 16:36.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- Right so, zinc is what's
considered a micronutrient,

16:36.733 --> 16:39.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
crops don't need a
very high amount of it

16:39.333 --> 16:41.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
but they still need some of it.

16:41.766 --> 16:44.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
Somewhere in order maybe just
one or two pounds per acre,

16:44.533 --> 16:46.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
so much less than
nitrogen which is needed

16:46.700 --> 16:49.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
a closer to, say,
100 pounds per acre.

16:49.766 --> 16:52.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
There's couple of ways
to get in into the plant.

16:52.733 --> 16:55.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
One is to put it into the
soil and if you do that,

16:55.300 --> 16:57.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
you wanna make sure you
put it near the seed

16:57.233 --> 17:00.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
because zinc is what's
considered immobile in the soil.

17:00.866 --> 17:03.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
It doesn't move very
far, it sticks to soil.

17:03.633 --> 17:06.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
Another alternative to that
especially if you notice

17:06.233 --> 17:10.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
the deficiency in season
would be to foliar apply it

17:10.133 --> 17:12.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
to the leaf surface
and hope a little bit

17:12.366 --> 17:15.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
gets absorbed by the plant.

17:15.400 --> 17:18.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
Doing anything like broadcast
application, spreading it out,

17:18.166 --> 17:21.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
just doesn't work because
it does stick so strongly

17:21.400 --> 17:24.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
to the soil so with the
seed or foliar applied

17:24.566 --> 17:26.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
would by my recommendation.

17:26.200 --> 17:28.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Clain, what does
zinc do for the plant?

17:28.033 --> 17:29.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
What happens if you
don't have enough?

17:29.566 --> 17:33.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- So, I'm not a physiologist
but some of the symptoms

17:33.200 --> 17:35.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
are what's called
short internodes

17:35.433 --> 17:38.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
so, like a corn plant
will have a stem here

17:38.100 --> 17:41.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and will have a stem
here, it'll be very short,

17:41.633 --> 17:44.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and that's one of the
big deficiency symptoms.

17:44.533 --> 17:48.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Another is yellowing
of the middle leaves.

17:48.166 --> 17:50.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Most deficiency show up
on the upper or the lower,

17:50.266 --> 17:53.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
zinc is unique and
that it shows up

17:53.200 --> 17:56.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
in kinda more the middle,
bronzing to yellowing

17:56.100 --> 17:57.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
of the leaf surface.

17:59.233 --> 18:01.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- Okay, thanks, Clain.

18:01.500 --> 18:05.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
Richard, last week,
this caller is referring

18:05.266 --> 18:07.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
to something we talked
about last week,

18:07.033 --> 18:10.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
they noted that there's
a lot of ag land

18:10.200 --> 18:13.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
that is no longer being
farmed but it's just waiting

18:13.000 --> 18:15.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
to be developed and as a result,

18:16.533 --> 18:17.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
there were a lot
of weeds on 'em.

18:17.866 --> 18:20.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
We discussed this
little last week.

18:20.266 --> 18:24.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Can they maintain ag land
evaluations or valuation

18:24.900 --> 18:29.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
if they're not farming it,
just let them go to weeds?

18:30.266 --> 18:31.100 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:9.38%
- No.

18:33.100 --> 18:37.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
A qualified ag classification
has to be under production

18:37.633 --> 18:40.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
unless it's a 160
acres or greater,

18:41.600 --> 18:45.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
and it's automatically
classified as qualified ag.

18:49.166 --> 18:52.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
Personnels in town,
generally speaking,

18:53.400 --> 18:57.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
I would say, most of 'em are
probably under 160 acres,

18:57.633 --> 18:59.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
they would have to
be under production

18:59.233 --> 19:02.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and that, of course,
leads to another issue,

19:04.266 --> 19:08.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
when properties are
within the city limits,

19:08.300 --> 19:11.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
the first place to start is
with the city jurisdiction

19:11.600 --> 19:15.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
whether they even allow
agricultural production

19:15.033 --> 19:17.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
within the city boundaries.

19:19.233 --> 19:22.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
So, in those cases,
we suggest people

19:22.133 --> 19:24.900 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
go talk to the
planning department

19:24.900 --> 19:27.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and if they will allow it

19:27.000 --> 19:30.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
then we would ask for
some written documentation

19:30.066 --> 19:32.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
that we can hang our head on

19:33.433 --> 19:37.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and then we would, they would
have to meet the requirements

19:38.600 --> 19:40.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
of minimum income requirements.

19:40.333 --> 19:42.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
They would have to prove
that the activity on the land

19:42.700 --> 19:45.333 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
is a bonafide
agricultural activity.

19:45.333 --> 19:47.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- What is the minimum
amount of dollars

19:47.533 --> 19:51.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
to qualify for an
agricultural parcel?

19:51.133 --> 19:54.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
- Yeah, for in the agricultural
application process,

19:54.166 --> 19:57.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
the minimum dollar
amount is $1,500

19:58.200 --> 20:02.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
and it's a gross
agricultural income per year.

20:02.733 --> 20:04.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Okay, sounds good.

20:06.900 --> 20:08.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
Mary, can one follow lentils,

20:08.333 --> 20:10.866 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
this came from
Chester, with mustard,

20:10.866 --> 20:14.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
if so, how much time is
required between the crops.

20:14.366 --> 20:17.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- I would not recommend
that for a number of,

20:17.700 --> 20:19.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
put some cereals in between.

20:19.466 --> 20:21.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Yeah, that be best.

20:21.533 --> 20:24.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
Richard, from Gallatin County,
this person has 18 acres

20:24.933 --> 20:29.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
with about two dozen chickens
and she sells the eggs,

20:31.166 --> 20:35.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
can she get this designated
as ag land for tax purposes?

20:37.100 --> 20:41.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- (laughs) That's a
very good question.

20:43.033 --> 20:46.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Chickens are a little
bit different animal.

20:46.366 --> 20:49.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
To start with, they
need to be free range.

20:51.666 --> 20:54.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
In all of the agricultural
application process

20:54.600 --> 20:57.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
what you have to
remember is that it's,

20:57.200 --> 20:59.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
what is the soil producing.

20:59.600 --> 21:01.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
So, everything goes
back to that soil,

21:01.266 --> 21:05.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
how much forage or crop
it's producing to sustain

21:05.833 --> 21:07.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
either livestock or crops.

21:10.033 --> 21:13.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
With chickens, they
need to be free range,

21:13.766 --> 21:16.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
they can have some
supplemental food

21:16.333 --> 21:18.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
and the nutrition minerals,

21:22.166 --> 21:24.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and then hit that point
then they have to meet

21:24.433 --> 21:26.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
the income requirement of $1,500

21:26.700 --> 21:29.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
for the production
of eggs, meat.

21:32.866 --> 21:34.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- [Jack] So, she might
have to get more chickens.

21:34.466 --> 21:38.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Chickens require some
pretty good documentation

21:38.733 --> 21:41.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and it's quite a bit
of back and forth,

21:41.833 --> 21:44.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
quite a bit of conversation,
probably a little more involved

21:44.233 --> 21:47.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
than what we can talk about here

21:47.200 --> 21:49.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
but if you do, and
you have questions,

21:49.166 --> 21:50.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
and if you're in
Gallatin County,

21:50.866 --> 21:52.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
I would suggest call our office,

21:52.400 --> 21:54.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
speak to Lorie Blue or myself,

21:54.200 --> 21:58.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and we can go into a
little more depth on that.

21:58.866 --> 22:00.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- So essentially,
you're trying to,

22:00.433 --> 22:01.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
this will be a grazing land,

22:01.833 --> 22:03.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
it's just that you're
grazing chickens on that.

22:03.666 --> 22:06.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
Is that sort of how
it'll be evaluated?

22:06.433 --> 22:07.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- Yes actually.

22:08.800 --> 22:09.866 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- That's what
you're looking for,

22:09.866 --> 22:12.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
is a grazing use, I guess.

22:13.133 --> 22:13.966 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.

22:15.700 --> 22:17.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Clain, thanks guys.

22:17.800 --> 22:20.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
Clain, this person
would like to know

22:20.633 --> 22:24.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
the best time to fertilize
their lawn this fall,

22:24.500 --> 22:28.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and they'd like a recommendation
as to what they should use.

22:28.900 --> 22:31.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- Okay, I would say
anytime between now

22:31.100 --> 22:34.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and early to mid-October
would be a good time

22:34.533 --> 22:37.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
to fertilize if you're
gonna fertilize this fall.

22:37.533 --> 22:39.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
If you know your sandy,
if you know your soil,

22:39.700 --> 22:41.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
let's say coarse or shallow,

22:41.300 --> 22:43.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
it might hold off 'til spring

22:43.500 --> 22:45.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
'cause you might end up
using some of the nitrogen

22:45.666 --> 22:49.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
but if you have a fine texture,
lot of clay and salt in it,

22:49.633 --> 22:53.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
between now and mid-October
would be a good time.

22:53.300 --> 22:56.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
The recommendations for turf,
you may not probably know

22:56.233 --> 22:59.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
as well, as I do,
generally high in nitrogen

22:59.066 --> 23:02.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and relatively low in
phosphorus and potassium.

23:02.766 --> 23:04.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- Yeah, I would
say except in fall,

23:04.400 --> 23:06.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
I'd like to back the
nitrogen down a little bit

23:06.866 --> 23:08.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
because like 17-17-17,

23:10.100 --> 23:12.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
so that work pretty
good right now.

23:12.666 --> 23:15.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
Gary, this is always a good one.

23:16.633 --> 23:18.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
This person says
that wheat prices

23:18.266 --> 23:21.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
are ridiculously low right now,

23:21.000 --> 23:23.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
and I might have
to agree with that.

23:23.600 --> 23:25.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Especially, relative
to a year ago,

23:25.633 --> 23:26.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
they wanna know why.

23:26.866 --> 23:30.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Yeah, well, it sounds like
the same song second verse

23:30.733 --> 23:33.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
but in many cases,
that's actually true.

23:33.000 --> 23:36.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Wheat prices are pretty
near their long run average.

23:36.533 --> 23:39.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
Right now, we had a very
stronger, much stronger price

23:39.833 --> 23:41.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
a couple of years ago.

23:41.733 --> 23:44.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
The reality is that's
that we've just had,

23:44.266 --> 23:46.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
not only in the
U.S. but worldwide,

23:46.033 --> 23:47.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
very good production conditions

23:47.633 --> 23:49.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
over the last couple of years.

23:49.566 --> 23:51.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
The U.S. are gonna produce
over two billion bushels

23:51.633 --> 23:53.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
again this year,

23:53.433 --> 23:56.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
stocks are going to be
high and as a result,

23:56.266 --> 23:58.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
there's a lot of wheat around.

23:58.633 --> 24:01.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
One of the good news,
pieces of information

24:01.066 --> 24:03.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
for the Montana
producers is that Montana

24:03.666 --> 24:05.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
is generally considered
the place that you go

24:05.800 --> 24:08.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and look for high-protein
spring wheat to mix with a lot

24:08.766 --> 24:11.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
of lower protein winter
and other spring wheats.

24:11.800 --> 24:13.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
We have such a big production

24:13.066 --> 24:16.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
so much of it came out of
the Oklahoma Panhandle,

24:16.000 --> 24:18.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and those areas of winter
wheat that rain there.

24:18.933 --> 24:21.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
And when it rains, of course,
protein level are quite low,

24:21.533 --> 24:24.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
so there is, well,
overall wheat prices

24:24.200 --> 24:26.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
are pretty low right now,
those people that manage

24:26.633 --> 24:30.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
to get substantial protein
into their spring wheat

24:30.133 --> 24:32.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
or getting some pretty
nice looking premiums

24:32.666 --> 24:34.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and will probably
continue to do that

24:34.166 --> 24:37.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
throughout the year just
because big wheat crops

24:37.400 --> 24:41.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
often mean a low protein
and so they come to Montana

24:41.233 --> 24:43.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and other places in
the northern tier

24:43.466 --> 24:46.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
to find higher proteins
to mix and blend

24:46.233 --> 24:50.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
that winter wheat up and
other spring wheats up.

24:50.333 --> 24:52.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- Long term projection
for acreage,

24:52.466 --> 24:54.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
you think it will
continually increase?

24:54.300 --> 24:56.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
Or because that
prices, you think,

24:56.300 --> 24:57.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
wheat acres will go down again.

24:57.866 --> 25:00.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- Usually, acres
will follow a little,

25:00.400 --> 25:02.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
low enough prices mean
people start looking else

25:02.266 --> 25:04.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
where lentils and
pulses in Montana

25:04.200 --> 25:06.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
but around the rest
of the country,

25:06.433 --> 25:10.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
corn or other crops as
well and including barley.

25:10.433 --> 25:14.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
So, you will see few acres
probably plan it next year

25:14.800 --> 25:16.733 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
as a result of
lower prices issue.

25:16.733 --> 25:18.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
That's how markets
work and as consumers

25:18.666 --> 25:20.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
we love to see that.

25:20.066 --> 25:22.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
As producers, I don't know
how people sleep at night

25:22.966 --> 25:25.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
but, I think, I couldn't.

25:25.933 --> 25:29.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- Okay, Richard,
from Great Falls,

25:29.333 --> 25:31.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
this person would like
to sell five acres

25:31.133 --> 25:33.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
of ag land to their daughter,

25:34.900 --> 25:39.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
how would this affect his
ag land classification.

25:39.200 --> 25:40.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- That's a really great question

25:40.233 --> 25:44.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
because in that seemingly
simple question,

25:44.033 --> 25:48.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
it addresses a myriad of
scenarios that we run into.

25:49.500 --> 25:53.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
First off, the splitting of
the sale of five acres of land,

26:00.233 --> 26:03.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
it'll trigger a post card being
mailed out to the new owner

26:03.366 --> 26:06.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
saying that, "You've
just bought land

26:06.100 --> 26:08.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
"that was previously
classified as ag land

26:08.266 --> 26:09.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
"and we need to review it

26:09.500 --> 26:12.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
"to see if we could
retain its status."

26:14.766 --> 26:17.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
It would, as five acres,

26:17.366 --> 26:19.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
it would go into a track
land classification

26:19.966 --> 26:24.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
and the value of that would
be more a market valuation

26:24.966 --> 26:26.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
so it would be
substantially higher

26:26.600 --> 26:30.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
than the productivity
valuation of ag land.

26:35.433 --> 26:39.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Five acres is pretty
difficult to classify

26:39.233 --> 26:43.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
as qualified ag through
the application process

26:43.666 --> 26:45.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
simply 'cause it's a small piece

26:45.633 --> 26:49.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and it's hard to meet
that income requirement.

26:50.433 --> 26:54.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
So, it's a great question
and I guess my suggestion

26:54.166 --> 26:56.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
would be, if you're gonna
do something like that

26:56.766 --> 27:01.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
is call the local office with
what you're intending to do,

27:01.033 --> 27:03.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
find out what the
ramifications are

27:03.600 --> 27:07.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and if there is anything that
can be done to mediate that.

27:09.600 --> 27:11.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Good advice, okay.

27:11.733 --> 27:15.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Clain, from Billings,
this person asks,

27:15.033 --> 27:17.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
carrots that were
extremely hairy

27:17.333 --> 27:19.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
and I've seen that quite often

27:19.166 --> 27:21.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and their potatoes
were really small,

27:21.533 --> 27:23.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
any ideas what was wrong?

27:23.366 --> 27:25.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- So, by hairy, I simply
mean lot of fine roots,

27:25.166 --> 27:26.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Lot of roots, yeah.
- I've seen that

27:26.900 --> 27:30.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
and small potatoes so, I've
heard but I haven't studied this

27:30.766 --> 27:34.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
but I've heard that
hairy carrots are

27:34.166 --> 27:36.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
So, the person
might wanna back off

27:36.033 --> 27:39.133 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5%
the nitrogen
fertilizer next year,

27:39.133 --> 27:42.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
small, anything that
grows in the ground.

27:42.366 --> 27:45.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
So, carrots, potatoes, radishes,

27:45.100 --> 27:48.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
generally is indication
of low potassium.

27:48.000 --> 27:51.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
So, potassium helps make an
enzyme which makes starch,

27:51.833 --> 27:55.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
these below ground root
vegetable are full of starch,

27:55.666 --> 27:58.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and so, they're probably
high in nitrogen

27:58.000 --> 28:00.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and low in potassium
is my guess.

28:00.566 --> 28:02.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
- And potassium and phosphorus,
are they mobile in the soil

28:02.733 --> 28:05.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
or do they have to be
incorporated when you apply 'em?

28:05.933 --> 28:07.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Yes, both potassium
and phosphorus

28:07.633 --> 28:09.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
are what's called
immobile in the soil.

28:09.566 --> 28:12.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
They stick very strong to
the soil just like zinc does

28:12.400 --> 28:15.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and so, you would need to get
it down into the root zone

28:15.700 --> 28:18.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
with a rototiller or shovel,
some way to get it down

28:18.833 --> 28:20.666 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
in the roots.
- Don't say shovel.

28:20.666 --> 28:22.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Mary, can the small
potatoes be an indication

28:22.800 --> 28:24.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
of a disease problem though
as well as the potatoes

28:24.866 --> 28:26.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
have been in the same
spot too many times

28:26.833 --> 28:28.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
are not using certified seed?

28:28.533 --> 28:31.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- It certainly could and
also hairy roots on carrots

28:31.133 --> 28:34.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
are often due to phytoplasmas
which are so well as bacteria

28:34.766 --> 28:36.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
transmitted by leaf hoppers

28:36.533 --> 28:38.533 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
which are very
common in Billings,

28:38.533 --> 28:40.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and if their carrots are bitter,

28:40.466 --> 28:42.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
that might be also
be an indication

28:42.133 --> 28:47.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
or if they had small, yellow,
or purple leaves on them.

28:47.000 --> 28:49.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- With phytoplasma.
- Phytoplasma, yeah.

28:49.733 --> 28:51.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- They are usually one or
two in a row of carrots,

28:51.900 --> 28:53.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
it wouldn't be all of them.

28:53.333 --> 28:54.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- [Mary] Yeah.

28:54.266 --> 28:56.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- That's what I've
seen within the past.

28:56.200 --> 29:00.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
Okay, another question
for Richard from Forsyth.

29:01.566 --> 29:05.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
This person has 78 acres that
he leases to another person

29:05.966 --> 29:08.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
to have at few heifers on it.

29:08.000 --> 29:11.566 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
He gets about
$1,500 rent from it.

29:11.566 --> 29:15.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
The county says it doesn't
qualify as ag land.

29:15.333 --> 29:16.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
Can he appeal this?

29:18.600 --> 29:22.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Yeah well, yes, every
owner has appeal rights.

29:23.733 --> 29:27.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
Probably what he's running
into is the, (clears throat)

29:29.933 --> 29:32.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
the lease amount of
$1,500, you know,

29:32.333 --> 29:35.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
it's a good indication of a
bonafide agricultural activity

29:35.833 --> 29:40.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
but when livestock's
involved we have to utilize

29:40.133 --> 29:44.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
animal unit months or AUMs,
the magic number there

29:44.366 --> 29:48.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
is 31 AUMs, it's the
equivalent of the $1,500.

29:50.133 --> 29:54.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
So, if the soil itself
is not as a parcel whole,

29:55.066 --> 29:57.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
it's not meeting that 31 AUMs,

29:57.300 --> 30:00.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and we wouldn't be
able to classify that.

30:00.600 --> 30:02.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- So, if this person were to,

30:02.033 --> 30:03.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
I'm gonna play the
devil's advocate,

30:03.500 --> 30:08.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
if you input 35 to 50
units of nitrogen on it,

30:08.166 --> 30:11.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
kick the forage up
by a ton per acre,

30:12.866 --> 30:16.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and put a few more
heifers on it,

30:16.000 --> 30:17.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
then he could probably qualify.

30:17.866 --> 30:20.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Yeah, in a case like that,

30:22.400 --> 30:26.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
we would probably ask for and
require some documentation

30:28.266 --> 30:31.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
from a soil agronomist
to substantiate

30:31.466 --> 30:35.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
what his claim would
be on that parcel

30:35.266 --> 30:38.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
since it what could
potentially be so different

30:38.000 --> 30:41.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
from what the NRCS soil
survey is suggesting

30:41.066 --> 30:43.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
the carrying capacity to be.

30:43.600 --> 30:45.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Because Richard,
your first go-to

30:45.000 --> 30:48.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
is the soil maps and what
we believe the productivity

30:48.566 --> 30:50.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
is based on that soil type,

30:50.366 --> 30:53.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
not necessarily what's
actually produced there.

30:53.333 --> 30:57.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Absolutely, and we utilize
that so that, you know,

30:58.966 --> 31:02.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
someone doesn't
overpopulate their parcel,

31:04.600 --> 31:06.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and it's a more uniform
approach statewide.

31:06.866 --> 31:09.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
And if I could just back-up
to that previous question

31:09.666 --> 31:11.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
about the five acre sale,

31:13.466 --> 31:14.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
it could potentially
have an impact

31:14.866 --> 31:18.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
on the remainder piece,
the parent piece as well.

31:19.833 --> 31:23.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
If that piece were to
be less than 160 acres

31:23.700 --> 31:25.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and we'd probably have to review

31:25.000 --> 31:28.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
the ag application
for that piece.

31:28.466 --> 31:32.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
If it were, say, it were 22
acres, they sell off five,

31:32.866 --> 31:37.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
that leaves a 17-acre piece
and a five-acre piece.

31:37.700 --> 31:41.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
They're both below the
non-qualified ag classification

31:41.500 --> 31:43.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
of 20 acres or more.

31:43.733 --> 31:47.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
So potentially, that could
both go into a track land value

31:47.800 --> 31:49.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
which would have substantially

31:49.233 --> 31:52.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
higher tax liability for both.

31:52.100 --> 31:55.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
So again, I would suggest
call the local office

31:55.000 --> 31:56.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and those are good questions,

31:56.966 --> 31:59.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
ask the folks in
the local offices,

31:59.133 --> 32:01.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
they're more than
willing to help.

32:01.766 --> 32:06.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Clain, if you put 35 to 50
units of nitrogen on a pasture,

32:06.233 --> 32:08.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
how much forage increase
would you normally get?

32:08.733 --> 32:11.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
That so mean that needs
a little nitrogen?

32:11.100 --> 32:14.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Yeah so, I usually
say about 25 pounds

32:14.566 --> 32:18.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
of nitrogen per ton but
does last units of nitrogen

32:19.633 --> 32:21.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
usually don't produce that.

32:21.933 --> 32:23.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
So, there's kind
of a plateauing.

32:23.600 --> 32:26.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
So, it might be about
a ton if nitrogen

32:26.766 --> 32:30.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
was really limiting but
water is often limited first.

32:30.533 --> 32:31.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- Yeah, I agree with you.

32:31.900 --> 32:35.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
Mary, this person's
from Great Falls

32:35.533 --> 32:38.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and obviously they've had
some wheat streak issues

32:38.200 --> 32:40.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
which is a virus up
in that area on wheat.

32:40.933 --> 32:42.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
They wanna know if
there's any insecticides

32:42.966 --> 32:46.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
which they could use
to manage the vector

32:46.066 --> 32:47.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
which is a wheat curl mite?

32:47.900 --> 32:51.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- No, and the questions
I've been getting lately

32:51.366 --> 32:54.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
are Cruiser, that was a seed
treatment or corn and wheat,

32:54.366 --> 32:57.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and that has no efficacy
in wheat curl mite.

32:57.133 --> 32:58.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
There's one foliar product

32:58.833 --> 33:01.000 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
that did have
efficacy on curl mite

33:01.000 --> 33:03.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
but it did not prevent
the spread of the disease

33:03.433 --> 33:05.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
so it's not effective enough.

33:05.733 --> 33:07.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- [Jack] Okay, sounds good.

33:07.033 --> 33:08.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- What's the best
thing a person can do

33:08.633 --> 33:10.733 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
to avoid wheat
streak mosaic virus?

33:10.733 --> 33:14.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Eliminate the green
bridge and right now plenty.

33:14.433 --> 33:16.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Will you explain the green
bridge, we have a lot of people

33:16.533 --> 33:19.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
that probably don't understand
what a green bridge is.

33:19.633 --> 33:21.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- So, the green
bridge is the presence

33:21.233 --> 33:23.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
of green plant material between
the harvesting of one crop

33:23.833 --> 33:25.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and the planting of the next.

33:25.566 --> 33:26.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
So, if you're trying to
plant your winter wheat now

33:26.966 --> 33:29.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and there's spring wheat
nearby that's still standing

33:29.833 --> 33:33.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
that might will move into
your newly planted crop,

33:33.033 --> 33:36.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
and move the virus with it.
- Or volunteer.

33:36.000 --> 33:38.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Or volunteer which is
usually volunteer wheat

33:38.366 --> 33:41.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
or cheatgrass is
also a significant

33:41.666 --> 33:43.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- We have cheatgrass in Montana?

33:43.366 --> 33:44.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- [Mary] No, none.

33:44.966 --> 33:47.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Okay, Richard, this
person wants to know

33:47.833 --> 33:51.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
why they're grazing
land value decreased.

33:53.466 --> 33:56.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- (laughs) Well,
for 2015, again,

33:56.633 --> 33:59.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
it's a legislative decision,

33:59.666 --> 34:01.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
and as footnote,
everything that we do,

34:01.900 --> 34:06.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
we administrate legislative
decisions and laws, statutes,

34:08.333 --> 34:11.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
but for 2015, the
size of an animal unit

34:11.166 --> 34:15.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
was increased from 1,000
pounds to 1,200 pounds.

34:15.166 --> 34:19.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
So, by doing that, it
decreases the amount of forage

34:19.966 --> 34:22.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
that's available on
a piece of ground.

34:22.600 --> 34:25.666 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
And so, the
productivity's went down,

34:27.233 --> 34:30.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and that was enough
to offset the increase

34:30.900 --> 34:34.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
in the private grazing lease
which is the commodity price

34:34.233 --> 34:37.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
that we utilize to
value grazing land.

34:40.166 --> 34:41.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Okay, sounds good.

34:43.300 --> 34:47.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Clain, fall fertilizer on
winter wheat, good or bad idea?

34:48.800 --> 34:50.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
From Great Falls.

34:51.633 --> 34:53.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- I think it depends a
little bit on the the soil

34:53.500 --> 34:56.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and how busy your going
to be in the spring.

34:56.566 --> 34:59.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
Traditionally, winter wheat
was fertilized in the fall.

34:59.566 --> 35:03.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
I think, with research done
by my colleague, Rick Angle,

35:03.133 --> 35:05.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
showing that there's more
loss to the atmosphere

35:05.366 --> 35:06.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
if you fertilize in the fall.

35:06.900 --> 35:09.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
People are going later in
the fall which I'd recommend

35:09.933 --> 35:13.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
or waiting until late
winter or even early spring.

35:13.800 --> 35:15.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
There's going to
be a fewer losses

35:15.266 --> 35:18.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
the longer you can
afford to wait.

35:18.100 --> 35:19.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
A lot of people are
very busy in the spring

35:19.966 --> 35:21.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
so they're trying
to find something

35:21.500 --> 35:23.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
they can get done ahead of time.

35:23.366 --> 35:25.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Do people have used
anhydrous ammonia

35:25.866 --> 35:27.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
in winter wheat
production at all?

35:27.933 --> 35:31.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- It's almost like less than
half of percent of Montana,

35:31.233 --> 35:33.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
it's hardly done anymore.

35:33.033 --> 35:34.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- And why is that?

35:34.466 --> 35:35.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- You know, I don't
know the exact reason.

35:35.866 --> 35:38.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
I've heard things that once
the equipment gives out,

35:38.600 --> 35:42.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
it's hard to replace spreading
urea via fertilizer deal

35:42.666 --> 35:45.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
or something very
easy and simple to do,

35:45.066 --> 35:49.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
it's not quite as easy to manage
tanks of this toxic ammonia

35:49.833 --> 35:51.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
so I think, there's
a variety of reasons.

35:51.800 --> 35:53.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
Still being used, you know,

35:53.300 --> 35:55.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
pretty heavily elsewhere
in the country though.

35:55.566 --> 35:58.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- And you're not as wide and
so it's gonna take longer

35:58.533 --> 36:00.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and you're pulling
shanks through the soil

36:00.966 --> 36:03.900 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
that are using
horsepower and fuel,

36:05.066 --> 36:07.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
so, I think, a combination
of all of those things.

36:07.600 --> 36:09.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Is it more reasonable
anhydrous cheaper?

36:09.833 --> 36:12.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- Anhydrous per pound of
nitrogen is cheaper than urea,

36:12.833 --> 36:17.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
so it used to be the kinda more
of the standard fertilizer.

36:17.366 --> 36:20.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
- But while we have you, urea,
if you put it on the surface,

36:20.266 --> 36:23.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and it's 75 to 80
degrees, what happens?

36:23.633 --> 36:26.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- If it's moist in
75 or 80 degrees,

36:26.100 --> 36:28.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
there's a good chance it's
gonna escape to the atmosphere.

36:28.866 --> 36:30.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- So, it almost has
to be incorporated

36:30.633 --> 36:33.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
or rained in or something?

36:33.066 --> 36:34.500 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25%
- Yes.
- Okay.

36:34.500 --> 36:38.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Richard, from Chouteau,
this is another one.

36:38.233 --> 36:41.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
You're striking the tom with
a lot of people out there.

36:41.200 --> 36:42.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- It's a hot topic.
- It is.

36:42.666 --> 36:46.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
This person has a parcel land,
160 acres listed as ag land

36:49.700 --> 36:53.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
but it was plotted for
subdivision in about 2,000.

36:53.766 --> 36:57.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
Is that subdivision
plotting still in effect?

37:00.366 --> 37:03.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Yeah, I believe that,
you know, if it's platted,

37:03.133 --> 37:07.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
then it's platted until
something occurs to unplat it.

37:12.000 --> 37:16.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
At 160 acres and it
would be classified

37:16.033 --> 37:17.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
as agricultural land.

37:17.700 --> 37:18.833 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Okay.
- You know.

37:18.833 --> 37:19.666 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- Sounds good.

37:19.666 --> 37:22.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Mary, from Denton, winter
wheats double in that area,

37:22.833 --> 37:26.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
have areas that brown
that yielded 30% lower

37:26.733 --> 37:28.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
than other areas of field.

37:28.833 --> 37:32.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
What do you think it is and how
can they avoid it next year?

37:32.000 --> 37:35.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- We've gone a couple of
samples from that area.

37:35.866 --> 37:38.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
A lot of it has been
Fusarium crown rot,

37:38.366 --> 37:42.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and it's actually causing
the stubble to turn brown,

37:42.100 --> 37:44.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
and that's very
difficult to control

37:44.400 --> 37:45.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
if you're gonna grow wheat.

37:45.700 --> 37:48.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
So, there's some seed
treatments that you can use

37:48.466 --> 37:52.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
that would help prevent it
but they don't last very long

37:52.766 --> 37:55.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and overall, they don't
prevent it long term.

37:55.133 --> 37:57.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- You know, when I was
around the state years ago,

37:57.366 --> 38:00.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
there were areas
northern then up,

38:01.100 --> 38:04.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
closer to Havre, Black Eagle,

38:04.200 --> 38:07.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
that area that had a
lot of hardpan areas

38:09.066 --> 38:10.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
that would do the same thing.

38:10.800 --> 38:13.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
Do you see any of
that with Denton area?

38:13.033 --> 38:15.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- I have not been
there to look for it.

38:15.333 --> 38:17.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
The samples that we
got had crown rot.

38:17.033 --> 38:21.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Okay, Clain, you know
of any hardpan in--

38:21.100 --> 38:22.433 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:9.38%
- No.
- No, okay.

38:24.666 --> 38:28.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
This one, for Gary
and/or Richard.

38:28.133 --> 38:31.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
Do agricultural
property taxes increase

38:31.100 --> 38:33.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
because of urban encroachment?

38:39.933 --> 38:43.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Only in that the
mill levy may increase,

38:43.033 --> 38:46.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
agricultural land,
again, is valued

38:46.066 --> 38:49.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
on its potential productivity

38:49.166 --> 38:52.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
that we utilize in
NRCS soil survey,

38:53.000 --> 38:55.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
by statute, agricultural
land is not subject

38:55.333 --> 38:58.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
to the speculated
market around it.

38:58.933 --> 39:01.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
So again, it's agricultural land

39:01.233 --> 39:04.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
is based on its
potential productivity

39:04.400 --> 39:07.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
and an average commodity price.

39:07.133 --> 39:08.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
So, not really.

39:10.633 --> 39:12.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
However, the tax
liability can be affected

39:12.600 --> 39:16.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
by the increase in
mill levy as a result

39:16.433 --> 39:18.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
of what's happening around it.

39:19.766 --> 39:23.233 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Yeah, urban
encroachment, of course,

39:23.233 --> 39:25.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
when you have more people
move in, you need more streets

39:25.300 --> 39:28.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and you need more waste
water treatment, and schools,

39:28.700 --> 39:29.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and all those sorts of things

39:29.833 --> 39:31.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
so that ends up causing
mill levies to rise.

39:31.833 --> 39:33.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
So, you know, that's
absolutely right,

39:33.766 --> 39:35.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
didn't change the
productivity of that land

39:35.766 --> 39:40.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
but no levies going up does
affect agricultural taxes

39:40.433 --> 39:43.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
for that reason and
that reason only.

39:43.066 --> 39:45.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
That's not to say that the more
of an encroachment you have,

39:45.666 --> 39:47.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
the easier it is to farm

39:47.566 --> 39:49.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
because you're moving equipment

39:49.500 --> 39:53.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and there's all sorts
of things that go on

39:53.400 --> 39:55.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
when you have this so
there are some other cause

39:55.133 --> 39:57.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
but not on the property tax,

39:57.066 --> 40:00.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
other than for urban
causing no levies to rise.

40:02.600 --> 40:05.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Okay, sounds good,
Mary, from Bozeman,

40:06.933 --> 40:08.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
they have mushrooms
growing in their yard,

40:08.433 --> 40:11.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
there are huge variety, buttons,

40:12.600 --> 40:15.566 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
they look like
tree roots almost.

40:15.566 --> 40:18.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
They wanna know how
to get rid of them.

40:18.600 --> 40:20.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- That's a great question.

40:21.766 --> 40:22.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
I have more over there,

40:22.833 --> 40:25.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
they're basically living
on decomposing matter.

40:25.333 --> 40:27.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
So, when it gets wet in
the spring in the fall,

40:27.833 --> 40:30.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
the mushrooms come up
or with your irrigation,

40:30.533 --> 40:34.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
you'd have to get rid of
that organic matter so,

40:34.000 --> 40:35.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
that they're growing on, so,
it's really, really hard.

40:35.933 --> 40:38.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
There's some fungicides
you can use for fairy rings

40:38.033 --> 40:39.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
but you have to
identify the species

40:39.833 --> 40:43.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and surely, a diagnostic,
we can help with that.

40:43.000 --> 40:45.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Yeah, and really they
don't hurt that much.

40:45.033 --> 40:47.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- They don't, you know, and
we get a lot of questions

40:47.900 --> 40:49.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
every year about my
dog ate this mushroom,

40:49.633 --> 40:51.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
or I ate this mushroom.

40:51.700 --> 40:54.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
Get it identified before--
- Find out what it is

40:54.500 --> 40:56.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
before you eat 'em, that
true but in general,

40:56.633 --> 41:00.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
a lot of those where
probably metal mushrooms.

41:00.766 --> 41:01.600 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.

41:01.600 --> 41:04.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Does mechanically removing
that stuff in the spring

41:04.466 --> 41:06.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
with those machines are
coming and tearing them up,

41:06.800 --> 41:08.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
does that help any of that?

41:08.600 --> 41:10.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- Well, you can aerate your lawn

41:10.500 --> 41:12.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
which would favor decomposition

41:12.200 --> 41:16.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
of any organic matter but
it's not gonna eliminate it,

41:17.433 --> 41:19.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
as a problematically.

41:20.100 --> 41:23.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Richard, you see that
map in front of you,

41:23.700 --> 41:25.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
why don't you hold that up

41:25.266 --> 41:27.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
and we'll try to get
it close-up of it.

41:27.433 --> 41:28.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- [Richard] Certainly.

41:28.266 --> 41:30.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- And tell us what
it's all about.

41:30.033 --> 41:32.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- Yes, well, this
particular thing

41:34.733 --> 41:38.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
is actually a copy of
ArcReader GIS aerial map.

41:45.466 --> 41:47.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
Get that so it doesn't glare.

41:47.633 --> 41:51.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
And it's two copies,
that's the identical parcel

41:53.200 --> 41:56.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and what it's showing is
the ownership boundary

41:56.400 --> 41:59.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
that is in red and
then the yellow lines

41:59.333 --> 42:01.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
would be the field boundaries,

42:01.366 --> 42:04.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and the large field that
shows up as a dark green

42:04.466 --> 42:08.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
is labeled I/S which refers to
an irrigated sprinkler field,

42:11.633 --> 42:15.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and then on, oops, excuse
me here for a moment.

42:15.900 --> 42:20.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
(clears throat) On my right,
your left would be the parcel

42:21.833 --> 42:24.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
without the soil lines on it.

42:25.633 --> 42:30.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
On your right would be the
lavender soil boundaries.

42:30.133 --> 42:32.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
Each one of those
soils has, again,

42:32.466 --> 42:36.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
from the NICS soil survey
has a potential productivity.

42:37.866 --> 42:40.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
So now, when we value these,

42:41.100 --> 42:43.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
each soil would
have its own value.

42:43.666 --> 42:45.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
In the case, in this
particular field,

42:45.766 --> 42:48.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
there are similar
productivities.

42:48.066 --> 42:51.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
One is at 4.1 tons
of alfalfa per acre,

42:52.700 --> 42:55.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and the other soil
is at 4.2 tons.

42:58.033 --> 43:01.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
But today, each of those
would have its own value

43:01.233 --> 43:05.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
whereas in the past, there was
an average tonnage per acre

43:08.633 --> 43:11.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
that was created and was
valued as such that way

43:11.866 --> 43:15.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
so it's much more soil
specific these days.

43:15.366 --> 43:17.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- [Jack] Science in action.

43:17.033 --> 43:20.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Science in action and
this is a great little tool

43:20.166 --> 43:23.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
that sitting down with
producers and owners.

43:23.600 --> 43:28.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
It shows what we're talking
about and it's helpful.

43:28.066 --> 43:28.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- Sounds good.
- Yeah.

43:28.933 --> 43:33.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- Okay, I've another question
while we're got you up there.

43:34.333 --> 43:35.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
This person has heard

43:35.333 --> 43:38.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
of an Agricultural Land
Valuation Committee,

43:38.733 --> 43:40.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
what do they do

43:40.333 --> 43:43.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and can you explain
what their function is?

43:45.933 --> 43:47.366 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Yeah.

43:47.366 --> 43:51.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
Yes, it's the Governor's Ag
Land Valuation Committee,

43:53.500 --> 43:56.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
they review methodologies
that we use,

43:59.533 --> 44:01.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
anything that is suggested they,

44:01.700 --> 44:03.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
well, let me back up
just a little bit,

44:03.033 --> 44:05.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
they're appointed
by the governor.

44:05.700 --> 44:10.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Last cycle, there was a
little bit of a change to that

44:10.100 --> 44:13.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
and that four
members of the senate

44:14.166 --> 44:16.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and congress were added.

44:19.000 --> 44:23.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
There, it's composed
of producers,

44:25.700 --> 44:28.166 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
people in the
agricultural world,

44:28.166 --> 44:30.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
they review any suggestions
that the department might have,

44:30.700 --> 44:33.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
they can have their
own suggestions,

44:35.566 --> 44:37.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
they review these
things for viability

44:37.500 --> 44:40.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
and if they feel it's something
that they wanna move forward

44:40.000 --> 44:44.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
then it moves in
to the legislative

44:45.966 --> 44:47.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
If they pass muster there,

44:47.433 --> 44:49.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
then it goes to the
full legislature

44:49.600 --> 44:51.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
for approval or disapproval.

44:52.800 --> 44:56.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
So, it's an oversight
committee the convenes

44:56.200 --> 44:59.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
prior to each reappraisal cycle

44:59.466 --> 45:03.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
to consider any changes
that might be afoot.

45:03.233 --> 45:05.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- And we've Montana State
University Department

45:05.566 --> 45:07.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
of Agricultural
Economics for years

45:07.633 --> 45:09.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
is often had an
agricultural economist

45:09.833 --> 45:11.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
who has been part
of that committee

45:11.300 --> 45:12.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and then consulting
role at least

45:12.766 --> 45:14.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
to talk about, does
the same reasonable,

45:14.566 --> 45:17.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
does that reasonable sort
of for probably 30 years.

45:17.866 --> 45:19.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Yup, the agricultural
economist here at MSU

45:19.800 --> 45:23.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
are very active in what we do

45:23.033 --> 45:25.333 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
and very, very
helpfully guide us and--

45:25.333 --> 45:26.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- Don't give 'em that.

45:26.666 --> 45:29.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
(speaking over each other)

45:29.266 --> 45:31.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
Fishing for a complement
but I really wasn't.

45:31.866 --> 45:34.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
No, I've never been
on the committee.

45:34.800 --> 45:36.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- (laughs) Okay, sounds good.

45:36.833 --> 45:39.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
I've got you up this
one from Billings.

45:39.633 --> 45:42.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
This person has 1,200 acres
that were put together

45:42.666 --> 45:46.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
from different tracks in
the early 20th century,

45:46.400 --> 45:47.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
if they were going to sell

45:47.600 --> 45:51.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
with some parcels
less than 160 acres,

45:51.166 --> 45:54.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
would the process fall
under the subdivision laws?

45:54.466 --> 45:57.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
Again, I not sure you're
knowledgeable on that matter

45:57.633 --> 45:59.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
but I'll throw it out to you.

45:59.333 --> 46:01.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
- Yes, subdivision law or laws

46:01.333 --> 46:02.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
is definitely not my wheelhouse

46:02.900 --> 46:06.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
so I think before you
would do anything,

46:06.966 --> 46:11.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
you would wanna talk to your
local planning jurisdiction.

46:13.066 --> 46:16.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
As far as the any
agricultural valuations,

46:20.433 --> 46:24.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
once we knew, what was occurring
or what you intended to do

46:24.600 --> 46:26.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
then we could sit down,

46:26.300 --> 46:28.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
probably talk a little more
intelligently about it then.

46:28.866 --> 46:30.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Okay, sounds good.
- Yeah.

46:30.300 --> 46:32.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Contact you if they
want more information.

46:32.033 --> 46:33.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- [Richard] Yeah, definitely.

46:33.300 --> 46:35.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- Okay, from Scobey, Mary,

46:35.466 --> 46:39.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
the pea seed tested in
the 20's for Alternaria,

46:40.966 --> 46:43.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
what does that mean
and does that suggest

46:43.800 --> 46:45.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
that they need to use something

46:45.766 --> 46:48.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
as a seed treatment next year?

46:48.366 --> 46:52.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
- Okay so, Alternaria is a
fungus that causes a leaf spot,

46:52.966 --> 46:55.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and it'll often come in
when the tissue's wounded

46:55.433 --> 46:59.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
either hail or wind, we don't
have wind in Montana either.

47:00.566 --> 47:03.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
And we found probably
80% of the seed lot

47:03.900 --> 47:07.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
have different hit levels
of Alternaria and pea,

47:07.266 --> 47:08.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
we don't really
know what it means

47:08.733 --> 47:10.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
if it's gonna affect seed,

47:10.033 --> 47:11.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
it doesn't seem to be
affecting seed quality,

47:11.533 --> 47:13.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
we gotta test that.

47:13.233 --> 47:15.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
There's about eight different
species of Alternaria

47:15.500 --> 47:17.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
so some of those might be
more pathogenic than others

47:17.900 --> 47:21.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
so the short answer
is I have no idea

47:21.533 --> 47:24.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
but you probably should use
a seed treatment anyway.

47:24.266 --> 47:25.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
- They're not very expensive--

47:25.733 --> 47:30.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- No, for pulse crops
always use a seed treatment.

47:30.433 --> 47:32.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
- Question from Forsyth, Gary.

47:34.100 --> 47:38.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
What's the projection for
sugar beet prices this fall?

47:38.566 --> 47:39.633 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Pretty low.

47:40.833 --> 47:42.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
Sort of, probably
a little bit lower

47:42.733 --> 47:44.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
than long-run average prices.

47:44.466 --> 47:48.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Again, great production
not only in Montana

47:49.066 --> 47:51.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
but very good yields throughout

47:51.233 --> 47:54.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
the northern tier part of
the U.S. but also worldwide,

47:54.866 --> 47:58.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
very strong yields
from most of the places

47:58.233 --> 47:59.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
that are the major producers.

47:59.333 --> 48:01.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
So, there's a lot of
supply in the market.

48:01.066 --> 48:02.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
There was a lot of
supply in the market

48:02.066 --> 48:04.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
within the United States
from last year's crop

48:04.566 --> 48:05.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
which was also very good.

48:05.866 --> 48:07.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
So, there's a lot of
inventory out there

48:07.800 --> 48:10.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and, you know, I think,
all of the companies

48:10.233 --> 48:13.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
over the coming year
will probably cut reduce

48:13.600 --> 48:16.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
the productive acres again,

48:16.533 --> 48:20.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
trying to get that inventory
under control a little bit so.

48:20.300 --> 48:23.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Clain, yeah, I worked
with sugar beet years ago

48:23.000 --> 48:25.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
but I've kinda forgotten, is
that a heavy nitrogen user,

48:25.500 --> 48:28.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
do you put a lot of nitrogen
on a sugar beet crop?

48:28.333 --> 48:31.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- Quite a bit more phosphorus
but quite a bit of nitrogen.

48:31.500 --> 48:36.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
Somewhere around seven pounds
per tons when you're growing,

48:36.133 --> 48:38.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
30 tons that adds up 200 pounds.

48:38.933 --> 48:41.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- That is a lot of nitrogen.
- Yeah.

48:41.400 --> 48:42.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- Richard, from Belgrade,

48:42.466 --> 48:44.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
what happens to ag
land classifications

48:44.733 --> 48:48.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
when the ag land is
annexed by the city?

48:48.400 --> 48:50.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- Yeah, that's a great question,

48:50.033 --> 48:54.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
for this area and other booming
areas in the state as well.

49:00.266 --> 49:01.166 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
It depends.

49:02.366 --> 49:04.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
Our suggestion is always check

49:07.800 --> 49:10.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
with the local planning office.

49:10.533 --> 49:14.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Some locales will allow
agricultural use, some will not,

49:17.533 --> 49:20.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
some will, if a
piece is currently

49:20.933 --> 49:25.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
under agricultural production
and is annexed into a city,

49:25.533 --> 49:27.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
Belgrade for example.

49:29.766 --> 49:30.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
Currently, as far as I know,

49:30.733 --> 49:34.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
they will allow that
to be grandfathered in.

49:34.733 --> 49:39.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
If it's not, then we cannot
classify this agricultural land

49:39.433 --> 49:42.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
that would go to a
track land valuation.

49:42.833 --> 49:44.066 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- Sounds good.

49:44.066 --> 49:48.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
Mary, you have some dead
plants in front of you.

49:49.733 --> 49:51.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- [Mary] They were kind.

49:51.100 --> 49:51.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- [Richard] My garden?

49:51.966 --> 49:53.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
- Your garden, right?
- My garden.

49:53.933 --> 49:55.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- Why don't you hold them up

49:55.166 --> 49:57.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
and tell us what you have there.

49:57.100 --> 50:01.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- Okay so, I use my garden as
an example quite frequently

50:01.500 --> 50:05.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
so, if you have white,
powdery stuff on your squash,

50:07.166 --> 50:09.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
that is powdery
mildew and right now,

50:09.466 --> 50:12.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
all the cucumbers in the
state are probably dying.

50:12.900 --> 50:15.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Mine happened to have a
downy mildew which is pretty,

50:15.233 --> 50:17.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
I don't think it'll show
off on camera very well.

50:17.366 --> 50:20.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
The other thing I had
to show from my garden

50:20.166 --> 50:22.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
was blossom-end rot
and we think about this

50:22.466 --> 50:25.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
on tomato a lot
but not on squash

50:25.400 --> 50:27.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and this is a squash from
earlier this year that--

50:27.766 --> 50:29.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- [Jack] Turn it around
so they can see the--

50:29.400 --> 50:30.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- Yeah, see the--
- Yeah.

50:30.500 --> 50:34.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- And it's all spotted in
that, yeah, it's a good idea.

50:34.600 --> 50:37.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
This is kinda in clean spill box

50:37.866 --> 50:39.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
as far as it's a
calcium deficiency

50:39.533 --> 50:42.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
but the calcium deficiency is
due to inconsistent watering

50:42.800 --> 50:46.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
which is certainly
true with my garden.

50:47.400 --> 50:50.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
And Sheryl diagnosed
this for me earlier,

50:50.166 --> 50:53.766 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
this is probably
also inconsistent

50:53.766 --> 50:58.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
and it actually wasn't my
apple tree but (laughs)

50:58.433 --> 51:00.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
it was in the neighborhood
so you can see the cracks

51:00.400 --> 51:02.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and growth circles
on the top there

51:02.633 --> 51:05.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and that's pretty
common on apple.

51:06.866 --> 51:08.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
- [Gary] Clain, how do
we get enough calcium

51:08.100 --> 51:09.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
into those soils?

51:09.733 --> 51:11.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
What's the product
a person should use?

51:11.966 --> 51:13.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
Because blossom-end rot it's
always seems to be a problem.

51:13.800 --> 51:17.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
- All right so, most Montana
soils are loaded with calcium

51:17.133 --> 51:21.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
so it's not that we don't
have calcium in the soil.

51:21.600 --> 51:23.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
One problem we do
have though is high pH

51:23.766 --> 51:26.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
which makes that calcium
not very available,

51:26.166 --> 51:28.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
and then like Mary mentioned,

51:28.233 --> 51:30.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
if you're not watering or
you're watering too much,

51:30.300 --> 51:33.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
it's hard to get the
calcium into the plant.

51:33.333 --> 51:37.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
I do add elemental sulfur to
the bottom of my tomato holes

51:39.333 --> 51:41.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
which lowers the pH and
then I add some gypsum

51:41.833 --> 51:43.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
which has calcium in it,

51:44.766 --> 51:48.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and I think I've seen a
reduction in blossom-end rot

51:48.466 --> 51:50.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
but it could just be a chance.

51:50.666 --> 51:51.500 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13%
- Okay.

51:51.500 --> 51:52.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- I seem to see like
really early in the season

51:52.766 --> 51:54.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and then when it's
growing rapidly,

51:54.666 --> 51:57.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
I don't see it so I
just live with it.

51:58.966 --> 51:59.800 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Yeah, okay.

51:59.800 --> 52:00.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
Before I move on,
there's an old name

52:00.800 --> 52:04.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
for that on the apples, it's
called cat face of apples,

52:04.433 --> 52:07.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and it used to be
a huge problem.

52:07.433 --> 52:10.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
They've learned to manage
apples a little better

52:10.166 --> 52:13.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
than years and years ago where
they didn't get any water.

52:13.400 --> 52:14.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Is that the
pathological description--

52:14.400 --> 52:16.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- That is, no, it's not land,

52:16.800 --> 52:19.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
it's just a common name of it.

52:19.566 --> 52:21.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Plant path is really
pretty simple,

52:21.200 --> 52:23.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
you describe what you
see and if it's a symptom

52:23.733 --> 52:24.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
that looks like a cat face,

52:24.966 --> 52:27.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
you call it cat face of apples.

52:27.100 --> 52:28.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- [Gary] That was la, okay.

52:28.766 --> 52:31.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- Richard, from Molt, we're
running a little long time

52:31.366 --> 52:35.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
but in 2015, this person
says that the value

52:35.466 --> 52:39.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
of an animal unit was
raised to 1,200 pounds.

52:39.500 --> 52:43.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
Previously, horses
were 1.25 animal units,

52:43.366 --> 52:45.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
now that it has been raised,

52:45.866 --> 52:49.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
that mean the horse's
value is one animal unit?

52:51.466 --> 52:52.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- Oh, off the top of my head,

52:52.633 --> 52:56.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
I can't really quite say
what the equivalent would be

52:57.900 --> 53:01.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
but it would adjust
as well, you know?

53:02.066 --> 53:04.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- Okay, this one,
again, from Manhattan,

53:04.866 --> 53:07.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
a lot of questions
from Manhattan tonight.

53:07.100 --> 53:10.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
What causes changes in
agricultural property taxes

53:10.533 --> 53:12.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
from year to year?

53:14.933 --> 53:18.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- Well, (clears throat)

53:18.433 --> 53:22.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
land wise, it could be a
long term change in practice

53:25.833 --> 53:27.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
for that particular field

53:27.800 --> 53:30.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
could possibly change
the classification.

53:30.700 --> 53:35.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
In those cases, we look
at again, long term use,

53:35.100 --> 53:38.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
predominant use,
that sort of thing,

53:38.266 --> 53:40.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
but also involved in
agricultural properties

53:40.266 --> 53:42.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
or the improvements that
are on your property,

53:42.833 --> 53:44.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
your house, your barns,

53:44.800 --> 53:48.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
any, build a new house,
build an addition,

53:48.800 --> 53:51.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
add a barn or anything
along that line

53:51.266 --> 53:56.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
could also have an effect
on your property taxes.

53:56.100 --> 54:00.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
Again, year to year if nothing
changes, it's mill levy.

54:02.566 --> 54:05.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
The mill levy will
change each year

54:05.166 --> 54:07.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
and will have an effect
on your tax liability.

54:07.766 --> 54:08.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25%
- [Jack] Okay.

54:08.600 --> 54:11.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- And if you had five years
in a row of pretty high prices

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that eventually become
part of your price average,

54:15.200 --> 54:17.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
that would change when
the next cycle then.

54:17.366 --> 54:19.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- Well yes, for each cycle,

54:21.066 --> 54:23.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
we develop a new
average commodity price,

54:23.966 --> 54:26.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
and that's based on
an Olympic average

54:26.600 --> 54:28.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
where you drop the
high and the low

54:28.833 --> 54:30.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and so, yes, each cycle,

54:32.633 --> 54:35.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
you'll potentially gonna
have a change in value

54:35.633 --> 54:36.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
but if nothing changes,

54:36.966 --> 54:38.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
that value should
stay with the property

54:38.833 --> 54:43.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
for the entire cycle which
is now currently two years.

54:43.133 --> 54:44.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Okay, and that was
changed by the legislature

54:44.766 --> 54:46.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
just a few years ago.

54:46.266 --> 54:48.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
- Correct, it went
into effect in 2015,

54:48.333 --> 54:52.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
went from a six-year cycle
the a two-year cycle.

54:52.333 --> 54:54.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
- Okay all right,
we're low on time

54:54.866 --> 54:58.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
but I'll get this one in for
Mary, it's from Whitefish.

54:58.100 --> 55:00.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
They have fairy ring
mushrooms in the lawn,

55:00.000 --> 55:02.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
what can they do to control 'em?

55:02.233 --> 55:04.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
One time at fall, we're
gonna answer that question.

55:04.866 --> 55:06.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38%
- Same as the
mushrooms in the lawn,

55:06.933 --> 55:11.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
there are some fungicides,
you can ask your landscaper

55:11.700 --> 55:15.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
but aeration, anything that
decompose that organic material.

55:15.033 --> 55:17.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- Yeah, good aeration and
a good watering program

55:17.100 --> 55:21.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
and a couple of years time,
you'll pretty well mask it.

55:21.333 --> 55:22.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
We have a question
here from Laura,

55:22.666 --> 55:23.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
we're not going to
get to it tonight.

55:23.666 --> 55:24.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
We'll get to it next week

55:24.866 --> 55:26.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
because I know there's an answer

55:26.333 --> 55:30.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
but they have problems with
mice chewing in their car

55:30.333 --> 55:33.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and traps aren't working
but we'll find something

55:33.033 --> 55:35.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
for next week that'll
give some answer.

55:35.466 --> 55:36.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
Richard, thank you for
being here tonight.

55:36.866 --> 55:38.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
It's been a pleasure.

55:38.166 --> 55:40.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
The rest of the panel,
I appreciate it.

55:40.000 --> 55:42.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
Next week, we're going
to have Mac Burgess

55:42.366 --> 55:43.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
looking at the status

55:43.500 --> 55:46.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
for organic crop
production in Montana.

55:46.533 --> 55:50.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
Have a good week, good night,
and thanks for watching.

55:50.300 --> 55:54.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
("Montana AG Live
Jingle" instrumental)

56:15.233 --> 56:18.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- [Narrator] Montana AG
Live is made possible by

56:18.833 --> 56:21.266 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
the Montana Department
of Agriculture,

56:21.266 --> 56:23.433 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
the MSU Extension Service,

56:24.300 --> 56:26.000 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
the MSU Ag Experiment Stations

56:26.000 --> 56:28.833 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
of the College of Agriculture,

56:28.833 --> 56:31.333 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
the Montana Wheat
& Barley Committee,

56:31.333 --> 56:34.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
the Montana Bankers Association,

56:34.600 --> 56:37.033 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
Cashman Nursery and Landscaping,

56:37.033 --> 56:40.233 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and the Gallatin Gardeners Club.

56:40.233 --> 56:46.000 align:start position:38.75% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(soft music)