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-(Narrator) Monatana Ag Live is 
made possible by

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The Montana Deptment of 
Agriculture

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The MSU 
extension service,

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the MSU Ag Experiment Stations

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of the College of Agriculture,

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the Montana Wheat 
and Barley Committee,

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the Montana Bankers Association,

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Cashman Nursery and Landscaping,

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and the Gallatin Gardeners Club.

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♪ If your herbicides 
and fungicides and

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♪ The veggies you are growing 
in your garden start to mold

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♪ If the ants are attacking 
and you£re having a hard time

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♪ Call Montana AG Live

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♪ Knapweed in the ditch and 
the old bull's got an itch

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♪ Ticks upon my sheep and 
the wool is really cheap

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♪ The gophers in the pasture 
are even worse than last year

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♪ Montana AG Live where are you

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- Good evening, welcome 
to Montana AG Live

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originating tonight from 
the studios of KUSM,

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on the beautiful campus of 
Montana State University

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and coming to you over 
Montana public television.

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I'm Jack Riesselman, I'll 
be your host and moderator

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and maybe antagonist tonight.

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We've got some people here 
that I've might have throw

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some nasty questions to us, 
it's always a lot of fun.

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So tonight, let me 
introduce the panel.

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To immediate left, Gary Brester,

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Gary's been on numerous times.

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He's an ag economist so 
if you have any questions

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regarding ag economics 
or economics in general,

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now is a good time 
to get an answer.

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Next to Gary is Clain Jones.

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Clain is a soil 
fertility specialist

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and this is a good time 
of year to ask questions

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about what you wanna do 
relative to fertilizer,

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either in your lawn and 
gardens or on your ag land.

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So, if you have questions 
regarding fertilizer,

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Clain's here tonight.

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I'd like to welcome a 
special guest tonight,

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Richard Browning is with Montana 
Department of Agriculture.

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Richard is an ag land specialist 
for appraisal purposes.

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So, if you have questions 
about how land is taxed,

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anything you'd like 
to learn about that,

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tonight will be a good 
chance to ask Richard.

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Mary Burrows, plant pathologist,

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I think Mary's been 
here many, many times.

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And answering the phone tonight,

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starting from the left is 
Barb Schaff, Nancy Blake,

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and Cheryl Moore-Gough.

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So folks, you know the routine,

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if you have questions 
call 'em in,

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there's the number on 
the screen pretty soon

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but before we start,

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Richard, tell us a little 
bit about what you do

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for the Montana 
Department of Revenue.

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- Yeah, certainly, 
thank you, Jack.

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Well, I've been at 
this for about 12 years

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since 2007, I've 
been actively devoted

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to agricultural appraisals 
and (clears throat)

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some of the history in 
that is that in 2007,

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we began ground truthing 
where state why we went around

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and identified fields, 
field boundaries

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and what type of 
agricultural practice,

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what type of irrigation 
was occurring,

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developed maps and 
sent out what we called

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ag mapped mailings to 
all the ownerships,

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ask them for review and 
feedback and we got plenty.

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And so, that led us to the 
process and the methodology

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that we use today to value 
agricultural ag lands.

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- Okay, we'll get into 
that as day goes on

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but you know, Montana's a big 
state to do the entire state

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was a big job. 
- Yes, it was a huge project

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and it's also included 
forest lands as well.

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They were handled a little 
bit differently though.

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- Okay, sounds good.

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Mary, we'll get 
started with you,

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this question came 
in from Plentywood

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which for some of you who 
don't know where that is,

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extreme northeast 
corner of the state,

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they grow a lot of lentils out 
in that part of the country.

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Lentils have been a very 
profitable crop recently

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but this person had while 
mold on their lentils.

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What is it and what can 
they do to avoid it?

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- White mold is a fungal disease

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caused by Sclerotinia 
sclerotiorum,

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and it kinda caught us 
by surprise this year.

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We had cool, wet 
conditions after flowering

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and in lentils, the fungus 
can probably come in

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in those deadly using the 
bottom of the canopy as well.

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So, we had washed 
crops very bumper crops

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as far as yields of lush 
canopies, cool, wet conditions

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it's very, very wet in 
that area of the country,

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and probably the inoculum have 
been building up for years.

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So, we had thousands of acres 
that died from white mold

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and I'll be up there 
in a couple of weeks

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talking about white 
mold and scab on derm.

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- Okay, do you foresee 
lentils growth increasing

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as it has the last few years?

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- It's up to the 
markets, I think.

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I think, people, I hope, 
they will be more attentive

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to their crop rotations.

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Sclerotinia infects 
a very broad range

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of dicot crops and weeds,

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so if we can get 45 acres or 
45 years between pulse crops

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and be careful about 
the use of canola

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which is also very 
susceptible to this disease,

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we'll be a long far away ahead.

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- And sunflower. 
- Yeah, and sunflower,

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and there are some fungicides 
but they kept to be used

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at the right time 
and the right way,

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and getting that penetration 
of the canopy and lentil

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is extremely difficult.

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- I agree with you.

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Richard. 
- Yes.

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- From Manhattan, this 
person wants to know,

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has his irrigated land 
values increased recently?

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He seems to think so.

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- The last irrigated land 
increase beginning of this,

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the current reappraisal 
cycle that we're in,

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that would have been 2015.

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In 2015, legislature 
decided that we were going

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from a six-year cycle 
to a two-year cycle

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so the value that was 
established in 2015

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would carry through 
2015 and 2016,

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and yes, it did 
increase at that time,

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however, the land 
value wouldn't increase

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throughout that cycle, 
perhaps the taxes did

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but that is more than 
likely a mill levy issue.

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- [Jack] Okay.

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- May I correct? 
- Sure.

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- And Richard, it isn't 
that the market value,

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the market value of the land 
may have been increasing

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but what's determining 
that is the mill levy issue

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you mentioned and 
probably the price cycle

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over which the value the 
crop was being evaluated

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was the big changing 
factor, wouldn't have been?

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- Yeah, at the 
beginning of each cycle,

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the price cycle or the 
Olympic year average

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that we use to determine 
the average commodity price

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will stay, will be 
the commodity price

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that we use for 
the entire cycle.

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So, a value of an 
acre of irrigated land

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however, the mill 
levy is the wild card

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that would yeah, thank you.

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- Sounds good.

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Gary, cattle prices are much 
lower, any reason for that?

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What's the foreseeable 
future for cattle prices?

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- Sure, sure, there's 
always reasons for it.

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I was just thinking, 
the first few times

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I was on Montana AG Live, 
I didn't need these,

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and now, I do need 
these to check

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but actually, I had 
somebody tell me once

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that the good thing 
about wearing glasses,

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it gives you time 
to take 'em off,

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it gives you time to think 
before you answer a question.

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Cattle prices reached a 
record high two years ago

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and I'm talking about 
both live cattle

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and feeder cattle prices,

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and it was actually 
quite surprising how high

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those prices were for some time.

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It's a combination of demand 
for agricultural commodity

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is pretty steady.

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I mean, I changes a little 
bit from time to time

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but not enough to cause 
big swings in prices.

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Excuse me, what causes 
swings is production factors.

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And a couple of years 
ago between pork

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and poultry disease problems, 
we had a protein problem

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that we just didn't 
have enough protein,

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prices went very high,

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and prices are much lower 
today than their record was

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and it's primarily because the 
pork and poultry industries

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have their production 
situation in good shape,

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the U.S. live stock industry 
responded to higher prices

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and production 
increased as well,

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but nonetheless, while prices 
are lower than the record,

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it doesn't mean that 
there a disaster,

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we still have relative to when 
I didn't need to wear these,

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we have very strong price,

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and of course, costs 
are higher as well

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but nonetheless, 
I, for the future,

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I think we're gonna 
see sort of prices

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near their long run 
average which on the trend

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would be about where 
they're at today

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but I kinda think this is 
at the bottom side of that.

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I think in the next year or two,

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we'll see some strengthening 
in those markets

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and I'm very bullish 
on the cattle industry

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primarily because the world 
just isn't creating more grass

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and we're creating more 
people and as a result,

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I think you're never gonna have

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a record price every 
year, of course,

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but I think we can expect 
a pretty solid prices

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down the road.

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- I'm gonna come 
back to prices every,

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you mentioned pastures, 
there's a question here

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from Hamilton for you, Clain.

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Their pasture 
looks pretty tough,

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it could be due to a lot of 
things over grains and whatever

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but they would like to know,

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should they recede 
it or fertilize it?

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- So, a good question, 
without seeing it,

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it's hard to know but 
what I would recommend

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is do a soil test, there's 
still plenty of time

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before the ground freezes up 
this fall or early winter.

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What I would recommend 
doing is, doing a soil test.

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You can call local 
fertilizer dealer,

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they can come out 
and do it for you.

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I also have a Mont guide 
that I'd like to show here

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on soil testing and 
fertilizer guidelines

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and so, this specific 
one is for home gardeners

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but it can also be 
used for pastures.

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The title is Home 
Garden Soil Testing

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and Fertilizer Guidelines,

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and you can find 
this on my website

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and the way you find my website

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is you type in Clain, 
C-L-A-I-N and soil,

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and usually, my website's 
the first one to come up

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and then you can find this.

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I'd recommend a soil 
test before you go

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and spend a lot of money 
receding or fertilizing.

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Find out whether you're 
low in nutrients or not.

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- Okay, we'll go back to Gary.

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I'd like to throw 
curves to people.

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- Thank you. 
- Yeah, you're welcome,

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egg prices have collapsed.

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Year ago, we were 
paying $3 a dozen,

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you can buy 'em for 
69 cents now, why?

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- Well, again, the 
avian flu problem

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really hurt so much to 
the poultry producers

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and so that's why poultry 
production was down

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but egg production 
was down a lot,

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so we had very, very 
high prices for eggs

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for six months, almost a year,

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and since that time,

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the production 
systems have improved,

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they have been able to get 
rid of some of those problems

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and production is 
back on normal.

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So, if we ever take a 
look at these prices,

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we always tend to think about,

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it is relative to the highest 
price we've ever seen,

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this one isn't nearly as high

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but relative to the long 
run average price of eggs,

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we're probably in the ballpark,

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we're probably a 
little bit lower

245
00:11:41,433 --> 00:11:44,933
but that's the 
usual approach again

246
00:11:44,933 --> 00:11:47,166
with agriculture commodities.

247
00:11:47,166 --> 00:11:51,533
Demand is pretty constant 
and people have to eat

248
00:11:51,533 --> 00:11:54,233
and I eat too much 
and so, consequently,

249
00:11:54,233 --> 00:11:58,300
pretty small changes, relatively 
small changes in production

250
00:11:58,300 --> 00:11:59,666
for agricultural commodities

251
00:11:59,666 --> 00:12:02,000
caused pretty large 
swings in prices

252
00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,933
and that why people work 
very hard at managing risks

253
00:12:04,933 --> 00:12:07,400
through contracting in 
future's markets when they can

254
00:12:07,400 --> 00:12:09,633
and the versification 
of different crops

255
00:12:09,633 --> 00:12:11,133
and livestock enterprises.

256
00:12:11,133 --> 00:12:13,400
So, the business is 
certainly a risky one,

257
00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:15,900
not only in the yield side but 
especially on the price side.

258
00:12:15,900 --> 00:12:17,400
- Sounds good.

259
00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:21,000
Richard, this person 
would like to know

260
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:23,066
why our agricultural 
property taxes

261
00:12:23,066 --> 00:12:25,533
based on the 
productivity factors

262
00:12:25,533 --> 00:12:28,633
rather than property values?

263
00:12:28,633 --> 00:12:31,166
- That's a good question.

264
00:12:31,166 --> 00:12:34,566
Well, (clears throat)

265
00:12:34,566 --> 00:12:38,733
legislature houses deemed 
that agricultural values

266
00:12:40,033 --> 00:12:42,166
should not be affected 
by the speculate

267
00:12:42,166 --> 00:12:46,066
of market around them 
and so productivity

268
00:12:46,066 --> 00:12:50,233
is what we utilize along with 
an average commodity price.

269
00:12:53,800 --> 00:12:55,766
The productivities 
that we utilize,

270
00:12:55,766 --> 00:12:58,100
we use the NRCS soil survey.

271
00:13:02,366 --> 00:13:06,433
The commodity prices that 
we use are for spring wheat,

272
00:13:06,433 --> 00:13:09,600
alfalfa hay, and 
private grazing lease.

273
00:13:13,633 --> 00:13:16,600
- For we have a lot of people 
that are not basic farmers,

274
00:13:16,600 --> 00:13:19,333
ranchers, and so forth 
that watch the program,

275
00:13:19,333 --> 00:13:21,500
can you give us 
a ballpark figure

276
00:13:21,500 --> 00:13:25,566
and what dry land, 
agricultural land is valued at

277
00:13:25,566 --> 00:13:28,400
for tax purposes 
versus irrigated.

278
00:13:29,566 --> 00:13:33,333
- Yeah, well, (clears throat)

279
00:13:33,333 --> 00:13:34,433
well, valuation wise,

280
00:13:34,433 --> 00:13:38,333
you could probably look 
at dry land hay valuings

281
00:13:38,333 --> 00:13:41,566
somewhere in that 
$100 to $400 an acre.

282
00:13:44,666 --> 00:13:49,400
Irrigated land is gonna start 
at a minimum of $511 an acre

283
00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:51,300
which is set by statute

284
00:13:52,800 --> 00:13:55,900
and can go up to, 
well, $2003 an acre

285
00:13:59,866 --> 00:14:02,533
would be the highest 
irrigated which we don't--

286
00:14:02,533 --> 00:14:03,766
- [Jack] A lot of 
variation there.

287
00:14:03,766 --> 00:14:04,766
- Yes, yeah.

288
00:14:05,833 --> 00:14:07,133
- [Jack] And you?

289
00:14:07,133 --> 00:14:10,366
- And those valuations are 
based upon the productivity

290
00:14:10,366 --> 00:14:13,200
of that land but none 
on the specific crop

291
00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:15,300
with the exception 
of spring weed

292
00:14:15,300 --> 00:14:16,200
if you're in a dry land area,

293
00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:18,900
irrigated areas are all 
based upon its ability,

294
00:14:18,900 --> 00:14:22,166
that soil type's ability 
to produce alfalfa hay,

295
00:14:22,166 --> 00:14:25,466
and that multiplied by 
the price of alfalfa hay

296
00:14:25,466 --> 00:14:27,266
over a certain period of time,

297
00:14:27,266 --> 00:14:30,300
that gives you its value 
which is then multiplied

298
00:14:30,300 --> 00:14:33,666
by another factor to 
represent a share of that

299
00:14:33,666 --> 00:14:36,166
that would go to 
land and as a result,

300
00:14:36,166 --> 00:14:37,800
whether you're 
raising sugar beets

301
00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:40,300
or whether you're 
raising lentils.

302
00:14:40,300 --> 00:14:42,300
You know, lentils are never 
again, try to think another,

303
00:14:42,300 --> 00:14:46,033
molten barley, the same 
taxable process is used

304
00:14:46,033 --> 00:14:48,833
as if we were just all 
being done with alfalfa hay,

305
00:14:48,833 --> 00:14:52,300
and then all that's 
multiplied by mill levies

306
00:14:52,300 --> 00:14:54,833
and that's where a lot 
of the variation happens

307
00:14:54,833 --> 00:14:57,933
when you're in a fairly urban 
area like around Bozeman,

308
00:14:57,933 --> 00:15:00,233
we have higher mill 
levies than you would have

309
00:15:00,233 --> 00:15:03,700
in some lesser 
populated counties.

310
00:15:03,700 --> 00:15:04,533
- Sounds good.

311
00:15:04,533 --> 00:15:06,900
- So follow up to 
either Richard or Gary,

312
00:15:06,900 --> 00:15:10,433
those were from property 
tax reasons, right?

313
00:15:10,433 --> 00:15:11,733
Valuations? 
- Yeah, Sir,

314
00:15:11,733 --> 00:15:15,933
valuations are for 
property tax purposes only.

315
00:15:15,933 --> 00:15:19,033
- And how do this compare 
to just kind of in general

316
00:15:19,033 --> 00:15:23,200
to say sale prices over the 
last few years, any idea?

317
00:15:24,200 --> 00:15:26,033
- Yeah, well.

318
00:15:26,033 --> 00:15:27,966
- [Clain] Just curious.

319
00:15:27,966 --> 00:15:29,500
- Well, you could 
probably look at rec,

320
00:15:29,500 --> 00:15:31,000
you know, I'm not an 
expert in this one

321
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:35,333
but you could probably look 
at recreational ranch prices

322
00:15:35,333 --> 00:15:38,400
anywhere from 5,000 
an acre on out.

323
00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:41,066
- Yeah. 
- Yeah, substantially higher.

324
00:15:41,066 --> 00:15:42,233
- Yeah. 
- Yeah.

325
00:15:43,300 --> 00:15:45,600
- But housing, 
residential housing is

326
00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:47,133
it is done based on market value

327
00:15:47,133 --> 00:15:49,533
but then, it's adjusted 
down much lower

328
00:15:49,533 --> 00:15:53,200
before mill levies are 
attached to it as well so.

329
00:15:53,200 --> 00:15:58,033
- Okay, Mary, from Cut Bank, 
they have a lot of potatoes,

330
00:15:58,033 --> 00:16:00,033
they wanna know whether 
or not they should plow

331
00:16:00,033 --> 00:16:03,133
the potato tubs back 
into the garden.

332
00:16:04,633 --> 00:16:05,833
- I thought everything 
should by plowed back

333
00:16:05,833 --> 00:16:07,366
into the garden, no Gary?

334
00:16:07,366 --> 00:16:08,400
You're saying no?

335
00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:10,100
- I use sanitation purposes.

336
00:16:10,100 --> 00:16:11,866
I'm not sure, I 
think I'd remove 'em.

337
00:16:11,866 --> 00:16:12,866
- Okay, why?

338
00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:16,000
Just very briefly.

339
00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:18,100
- Yeah, there could be 
several different diseases,

340
00:16:18,100 --> 00:16:20,333
they could be on a, do 
the same for sugar beets.

341
00:16:20,333 --> 00:16:21,766
That's why you rotate I think.

342
00:16:21,766 --> 00:16:22,766
- Yup. 
- Yup.

343
00:16:22,766 --> 00:16:24,900
- Okay, from Reggae, Clain,

344
00:16:24,900 --> 00:16:27,933
this field they 
have is low in zinc,

345
00:16:28,933 --> 00:16:32,966
what can they do to replace 
the low level of zinc,

346
00:16:32,966 --> 00:16:34,033
what should they be doing?

347
00:16:34,033 --> 00:16:36,733
- Right so, zinc is what's 
considered a micronutrient,

348
00:16:36,733 --> 00:16:39,333
crops don't need a 
very high amount of it

349
00:16:39,333 --> 00:16:41,766
but they still need some of it.

350
00:16:41,766 --> 00:16:44,533
Somewhere in order maybe just 
one or two pounds per acre,

351
00:16:44,533 --> 00:16:46,700
so much less than 
nitrogen which is needed

352
00:16:46,700 --> 00:16:49,766
a closer to, say, 
100 pounds per acre.

353
00:16:49,766 --> 00:16:52,733
There's couple of ways 
to get in into the plant.

354
00:16:52,733 --> 00:16:55,300
One is to put it into the 
soil and if you do that,

355
00:16:55,300 --> 00:16:57,233
you wanna make sure you 
put it near the seed

356
00:16:57,233 --> 00:17:00,866
because zinc is what's 
considered immobile in the soil.

357
00:17:00,866 --> 00:17:03,633
It doesn't move very 
far, it sticks to soil.

358
00:17:03,633 --> 00:17:06,233
Another alternative to that 
especially if you notice

359
00:17:06,233 --> 00:17:10,133
the deficiency in season 
would be to foliar apply it

360
00:17:10,133 --> 00:17:12,366
to the leaf surface 
and hope a little bit

361
00:17:12,366 --> 00:17:15,400
gets absorbed by the plant.

362
00:17:15,400 --> 00:17:18,166
Doing anything like broadcast 
application, spreading it out,

363
00:17:18,166 --> 00:17:21,400
just doesn't work because 
it does stick so strongly

364
00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:24,566
to the soil so with the 
seed or foliar applied

365
00:17:24,566 --> 00:17:26,200
would by my recommendation.

366
00:17:26,200 --> 00:17:28,033
- Clain, what does 
zinc do for the plant?

367
00:17:28,033 --> 00:17:29,566
What happens if you 
don't have enough?

368
00:17:29,566 --> 00:17:33,200
- So, I'm not a physiologist 
but some of the symptoms

369
00:17:33,200 --> 00:17:35,433
are what's called 
short internodes

370
00:17:35,433 --> 00:17:38,100
so, like a corn plant 
will have a stem here

371
00:17:38,100 --> 00:17:41,633
and will have a stem 
here, it'll be very short,

372
00:17:41,633 --> 00:17:44,533
and that's one of the 
big deficiency symptoms.

373
00:17:44,533 --> 00:17:48,166
Another is yellowing 
of the middle leaves.

374
00:17:48,166 --> 00:17:50,266
Most deficiency show up 
on the upper or the lower,

375
00:17:50,266 --> 00:17:53,200
zinc is unique and 
that it shows up

376
00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:56,100
in kinda more the middle, 
bronzing to yellowing

377
00:17:56,100 --> 00:17:57,766
of the leaf surface.

378
00:17:59,233 --> 00:18:01,500
- Okay, thanks, Clain.

379
00:18:01,500 --> 00:18:05,266
Richard, last week, 
this caller is referring

380
00:18:05,266 --> 00:18:07,033
to something we talked 
about last week,

381
00:18:07,033 --> 00:18:10,200
they noted that there's 
a lot of ag land

382
00:18:10,200 --> 00:18:13,000
that is no longer being 
farmed but it's just waiting

383
00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,666
to be developed and as a result,

384
00:18:16,533 --> 00:18:17,866
there were a lot 
of weeds on 'em.

385
00:18:17,866 --> 00:18:20,266
We discussed this 
little last week.

386
00:18:20,266 --> 00:18:24,900
Can they maintain ag land 
evaluations or valuation

387
00:18:24,900 --> 00:18:29,066
if they're not farming it, 
just let them go to weeds?

388
00:18:30,266 --> 00:18:31,100
- No.

389
00:18:33,100 --> 00:18:37,633
A qualified ag classification 
has to be under production

390
00:18:37,633 --> 00:18:40,566
unless it's a 160 
acres or greater,

391
00:18:41,600 --> 00:18:45,766
and it's automatically 
classified as qualified ag.

392
00:18:49,166 --> 00:18:52,433
Personnels in town, 
generally speaking,

393
00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:57,633
I would say, most of 'em are 
probably under 160 acres,

394
00:18:57,633 --> 00:18:59,233
they would have to 
be under production

395
00:18:59,233 --> 00:19:02,900
and that, of course, 
leads to another issue,

396
00:19:04,266 --> 00:19:08,300
when properties are 
within the city limits,

397
00:19:08,300 --> 00:19:11,600
the first place to start is 
with the city jurisdiction

398
00:19:11,600 --> 00:19:15,033
whether they even allow 
agricultural production

399
00:19:15,033 --> 00:19:17,266
within the city boundaries.

400
00:19:19,233 --> 00:19:22,133
So, in those cases, 
we suggest people

401
00:19:22,133 --> 00:19:24,900
go talk to the 
planning department

402
00:19:24,900 --> 00:19:27,000
and if they will allow it

403
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:30,066
then we would ask for 
some written documentation

404
00:19:30,066 --> 00:19:32,500
that we can hang our head on

405
00:19:33,433 --> 00:19:37,600
and then we would, they would 
have to meet the requirements

406
00:19:38,600 --> 00:19:40,333
of minimum income requirements.

407
00:19:40,333 --> 00:19:42,700
They would have to prove 
that the activity on the land

408
00:19:42,700 --> 00:19:45,333
is a bonafide 
agricultural activity.

409
00:19:45,333 --> 00:19:47,533
- What is the minimum 
amount of dollars

410
00:19:47,533 --> 00:19:51,133
to qualify for an 
agricultural parcel?

411
00:19:51,133 --> 00:19:54,166
- Yeah, for in the agricultural 
application process,

412
00:19:54,166 --> 00:19:57,066
the minimum dollar 
amount is $1,500

413
00:19:58,200 --> 00:20:02,733
and it's a gross 
agricultural income per year.

414
00:20:02,733 --> 00:20:04,400
- Okay, sounds good.

415
00:20:06,900 --> 00:20:08,333
Mary, can one follow lentils,

416
00:20:08,333 --> 00:20:10,866
this came from 
Chester, with mustard,

417
00:20:10,866 --> 00:20:14,366
if so, how much time is 
required between the crops.

418
00:20:14,366 --> 00:20:17,700
- I would not recommend 
that for a number of,

419
00:20:17,700 --> 00:20:19,466
put some cereals in between.

420
00:20:19,466 --> 00:20:21,533
- Yeah, that be best.

421
00:20:21,533 --> 00:20:24,933
Richard, from Gallatin County, 
this person has 18 acres

422
00:20:24,933 --> 00:20:29,100
with about two dozen chickens 
and she sells the eggs,

423
00:20:31,166 --> 00:20:35,333
can she get this designated 
as ag land for tax purposes?

424
00:20:37,100 --> 00:20:41,266
- (laughs) That's a 
very good question.

425
00:20:43,033 --> 00:20:46,366
Chickens are a little 
bit different animal.

426
00:20:46,366 --> 00:20:49,866
To start with, they 
need to be free range.

427
00:20:51,666 --> 00:20:54,600
In all of the agricultural 
application process

428
00:20:54,600 --> 00:20:57,200
what you have to 
remember is that it's,

429
00:20:57,200 --> 00:20:59,600
what is the soil producing.

430
00:20:59,600 --> 00:21:01,266
So, everything goes 
back to that soil,

431
00:21:01,266 --> 00:21:05,833
how much forage or crop 
it's producing to sustain

432
00:21:05,833 --> 00:21:07,933
either livestock or crops.

433
00:21:10,033 --> 00:21:13,766
With chickens, they 
need to be free range,

434
00:21:13,766 --> 00:21:16,333
they can have some 
supplemental food

435
00:21:16,333 --> 00:21:18,600
and the nutrition minerals,

436
00:21:22,166 --> 00:21:24,433
and then hit that point 
then they have to meet

437
00:21:24,433 --> 00:21:26,700
the income requirement of $1,500

438
00:21:26,700 --> 00:21:29,433
for the production 
of eggs, meat.

439
00:21:32,866 --> 00:21:34,466
- [Jack] So, she might 
have to get more chickens.

440
00:21:34,466 --> 00:21:38,733
- Chickens require some 
pretty good documentation

441
00:21:38,733 --> 00:21:41,833
and it's quite a bit 
of back and forth,

442
00:21:41,833 --> 00:21:44,233
quite a bit of conversation, 
probably a little more involved

443
00:21:44,233 --> 00:21:47,200
than what we can talk about here

444
00:21:47,200 --> 00:21:49,166
but if you do, and 
you have questions,

445
00:21:49,166 --> 00:21:50,866
and if you're in 
Gallatin County,

446
00:21:50,866 --> 00:21:52,400
I would suggest call our office,

447
00:21:52,400 --> 00:21:54,200
speak to Lorie Blue or myself,

448
00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:58,866
and we can go into a 
little more depth on that.

449
00:21:58,866 --> 00:22:00,433
- So essentially, 
you're trying to,

450
00:22:00,433 --> 00:22:01,833
this will be a grazing land,

451
00:22:01,833 --> 00:22:03,666
it's just that you're 
grazing chickens on that.

452
00:22:03,666 --> 00:22:06,433
Is that sort of how 
it'll be evaluated?

453
00:22:06,433 --> 00:22:07,666
- Yes actually.

454
00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:09,866
- That's what 
you're looking for,

455
00:22:09,866 --> 00:22:12,033
is a grazing use, I guess.

456
00:22:13,133 --> 00:22:13,966
- Yeah.

457
00:22:15,700 --> 00:22:17,800
- Clain, thanks guys.

458
00:22:17,800 --> 00:22:20,633
Clain, this person 
would like to know

459
00:22:20,633 --> 00:22:24,500
the best time to fertilize 
their lawn this fall,

460
00:22:24,500 --> 00:22:28,900
and they'd like a recommendation 
as to what they should use.

461
00:22:28,900 --> 00:22:31,100
- Okay, I would say 
anytime between now

462
00:22:31,100 --> 00:22:34,533
and early to mid-October 
would be a good time

463
00:22:34,533 --> 00:22:37,533
to fertilize if you're 
gonna fertilize this fall.

464
00:22:37,533 --> 00:22:39,700
If you know your sandy, 
if you know your soil,

465
00:22:39,700 --> 00:22:41,300
let's say coarse or shallow,

466
00:22:41,300 --> 00:22:43,500
it might hold off 'til spring

467
00:22:43,500 --> 00:22:45,666
'cause you might end up 
using some of the nitrogen

468
00:22:45,666 --> 00:22:49,633
but if you have a fine texture, 
lot of clay and salt in it,

469
00:22:49,633 --> 00:22:53,300
between now and mid-October 
would be a good time.

470
00:22:53,300 --> 00:22:56,233
The recommendations for turf, 
you may not probably know

471
00:22:56,233 --> 00:22:59,066
as well, as I do, 
generally high in nitrogen

472
00:22:59,066 --> 00:23:02,766
and relatively low in 
phosphorus and potassium.

473
00:23:02,766 --> 00:23:04,400
- Yeah, I would 
say except in fall,

474
00:23:04,400 --> 00:23:06,866
I'd like to back the 
nitrogen down a little bit

475
00:23:06,866 --> 00:23:08,700
because like 17-17-17,

476
00:23:10,100 --> 00:23:12,666
so that work pretty 
good right now.

477
00:23:12,666 --> 00:23:15,333
Gary, this is always a good one.

478
00:23:16,633 --> 00:23:18,266
This person says 
that wheat prices

479
00:23:18,266 --> 00:23:21,000
are ridiculously low right now,

480
00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:23,600
and I might have 
to agree with that.

481
00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:25,633
Especially, relative 
to a year ago,

482
00:23:25,633 --> 00:23:26,866
they wanna know why.

483
00:23:26,866 --> 00:23:30,733
- Yeah, well, it sounds like 
the same song second verse

484
00:23:30,733 --> 00:23:33,000
but in many cases, 
that's actually true.

485
00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:36,533
Wheat prices are pretty 
near their long run average.

486
00:23:36,533 --> 00:23:39,833
Right now, we had a very 
stronger, much stronger price

487
00:23:39,833 --> 00:23:41,733
a couple of years ago.

488
00:23:41,733 --> 00:23:44,266
The reality is that's 
that we've just had,

489
00:23:44,266 --> 00:23:46,033
not only in the 
U.S. but worldwide,

490
00:23:46,033 --> 00:23:47,633
very good production conditions

491
00:23:47,633 --> 00:23:49,566
over the last couple of years.

492
00:23:49,566 --> 00:23:51,633
The U.S. are gonna produce 
over two billion bushels

493
00:23:51,633 --> 00:23:53,433
again this year,

494
00:23:53,433 --> 00:23:56,266
stocks are going to be 
high and as a result,

495
00:23:56,266 --> 00:23:58,633
there's a lot of wheat around.

496
00:23:58,633 --> 00:24:01,066
One of the good news, 
pieces of information

497
00:24:01,066 --> 00:24:03,666
for the Montana 
producers is that Montana

498
00:24:03,666 --> 00:24:05,800
is generally considered 
the place that you go

499
00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:08,766
and look for high-protein 
spring wheat to mix with a lot

500
00:24:08,766 --> 00:24:11,800
of lower protein winter 
and other spring wheats.

501
00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:13,066
We have such a big production

502
00:24:13,066 --> 00:24:16,000
so much of it came out of 
the Oklahoma Panhandle,

503
00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:18,933
and those areas of winter 
wheat that rain there.

504
00:24:18,933 --> 00:24:21,533
And when it rains, of course, 
protein level are quite low,

505
00:24:21,533 --> 00:24:24,200
so there is, well, 
overall wheat prices

506
00:24:24,200 --> 00:24:26,633
are pretty low right now, 
those people that manage

507
00:24:26,633 --> 00:24:30,133
to get substantial protein 
into their spring wheat

508
00:24:30,133 --> 00:24:32,666
or getting some pretty 
nice looking premiums

509
00:24:32,666 --> 00:24:34,166
and will probably 
continue to do that

510
00:24:34,166 --> 00:24:37,400
throughout the year just 
because big wheat crops

511
00:24:37,400 --> 00:24:41,233
often mean a low protein 
and so they come to Montana

512
00:24:41,233 --> 00:24:43,466
and other places in 
the northern tier

513
00:24:43,466 --> 00:24:46,233
to find higher proteins 
to mix and blend

514
00:24:46,233 --> 00:24:50,333
that winter wheat up and 
other spring wheats up.

515
00:24:50,333 --> 00:24:52,466
- Long term projection 
for acreage,

516
00:24:52,466 --> 00:24:54,300
you think it will 
continually increase?

517
00:24:54,300 --> 00:24:56,300
Or because that 
prices, you think,

518
00:24:56,300 --> 00:24:57,866
wheat acres will go down again.

519
00:24:57,866 --> 00:25:00,400
- Usually, acres 
will follow a little,

520
00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:02,266
low enough prices mean 
people start looking else

521
00:25:02,266 --> 00:25:04,200
where lentils and 
pulses in Montana

522
00:25:04,200 --> 00:25:06,433
but around the rest 
of the country,

523
00:25:06,433 --> 00:25:10,433
corn or other crops as 
well and including barley.

524
00:25:10,433 --> 00:25:14,800
So, you will see few acres 
probably plan it next year

525
00:25:14,800 --> 00:25:16,733
as a result of 
lower prices issue.

526
00:25:16,733 --> 00:25:18,666
That's how markets 
work and as consumers

527
00:25:18,666 --> 00:25:20,066
we love to see that.

528
00:25:20,066 --> 00:25:22,966
As producers, I don't know 
how people sleep at night

529
00:25:22,966 --> 00:25:25,033
but, I think, I couldn't.

530
00:25:25,933 --> 00:25:29,333
- Okay, Richard, 
from Great Falls,

531
00:25:29,333 --> 00:25:31,133
this person would like 
to sell five acres

532
00:25:31,133 --> 00:25:33,533
of ag land to their daughter,

533
00:25:34,900 --> 00:25:39,200
how would this affect his 
ag land classification.

534
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:40,233
- That's a really great question

535
00:25:40,233 --> 00:25:44,033
because in that seemingly 
simple question,

536
00:25:44,033 --> 00:25:48,200
it addresses a myriad of 
scenarios that we run into.

537
00:25:49,500 --> 00:25:53,700
First off, the splitting of 
the sale of five acres of land,

538
00:26:00,233 --> 00:26:03,366
it'll trigger a post card being 
mailed out to the new owner

539
00:26:03,366 --> 00:26:06,100
saying that, "You've 
just bought land

540
00:26:06,100 --> 00:26:08,266
"that was previously 
classified as ag land

541
00:26:08,266 --> 00:26:09,500
"and we need to review it

542
00:26:09,500 --> 00:26:12,766
"to see if we could 
retain its status."

543
00:26:14,766 --> 00:26:17,366
It would, as five acres,

544
00:26:17,366 --> 00:26:19,966
it would go into a track 
land classification

545
00:26:19,966 --> 00:26:24,133
and the value of that would 
be more a market valuation

546
00:26:24,966 --> 00:26:26,600
so it would be 
substantially higher

547
00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:30,200
than the productivity 
valuation of ag land.

548
00:26:35,433 --> 00:26:39,233
Five acres is pretty 
difficult to classify

549
00:26:39,233 --> 00:26:43,666
as qualified ag through 
the application process

550
00:26:43,666 --> 00:26:45,633
simply 'cause it's a small piece

551
00:26:45,633 --> 00:26:49,466
and it's hard to meet 
that income requirement.

552
00:26:50,433 --> 00:26:54,166
So, it's a great question 
and I guess my suggestion

553
00:26:54,166 --> 00:26:56,766
would be, if you're gonna 
do something like that

554
00:26:56,766 --> 00:27:01,033
is call the local office with 
what you're intending to do,

555
00:27:01,033 --> 00:27:03,600
find out what the 
ramifications are

556
00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:07,700
and if there is anything that 
can be done to mediate that.

557
00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:11,733
- Good advice, okay.

558
00:27:11,733 --> 00:27:15,033
Clain, from Billings, 
this person asks,

559
00:27:15,033 --> 00:27:17,333
carrots that were 
extremely hairy

560
00:27:17,333 --> 00:27:19,166
and I've seen that quite often

561
00:27:19,166 --> 00:27:21,533
and their potatoes 
were really small,

562
00:27:21,533 --> 00:27:23,366
any ideas what was wrong?

563
00:27:23,366 --> 00:27:25,166
- So, by hairy, I simply 
mean lot of fine roots,

564
00:27:25,166 --> 00:27:26,900
- Lot of roots, yeah. 
- I've seen that

565
00:27:26,900 --> 00:27:30,766
and small potatoes so, I've 
heard but I haven't studied this

566
00:27:30,766 --> 00:27:34,166
but I've heard that 
hairy carrots are

567
00:27:34,166 --> 00:27:36,033
So, the person 
might wanna back off

568
00:27:36,033 --> 00:27:39,133
the nitrogen 
fertilizer next year,

569
00:27:39,133 --> 00:27:42,366
small, anything that 
grows in the ground.

570
00:27:42,366 --> 00:27:45,100
So, carrots, potatoes, radishes,

571
00:27:45,100 --> 00:27:48,000
generally is indication 
of low potassium.

572
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,833
So, potassium helps make an 
enzyme which makes starch,

573
00:27:51,833 --> 00:27:55,666
these below ground root 
vegetable are full of starch,

574
00:27:55,666 --> 00:27:58,000
and so, they're probably 
high in nitrogen

575
00:27:58,000 --> 00:28:00,566
and low in potassium 
is my guess.

576
00:28:00,566 --> 00:28:02,733
- And potassium and phosphorus, 
are they mobile in the soil

577
00:28:02,733 --> 00:28:05,933
or do they have to be 
incorporated when you apply 'em?

578
00:28:05,933 --> 00:28:07,633
- Yes, both potassium 
and phosphorus

579
00:28:07,633 --> 00:28:09,566
are what's called 
immobile in the soil.

580
00:28:09,566 --> 00:28:12,400
They stick very strong to 
the soil just like zinc does

581
00:28:12,400 --> 00:28:15,700
and so, you would need to get 
it down into the root zone

582
00:28:15,700 --> 00:28:18,833
with a rototiller or shovel, 
some way to get it down

583
00:28:18,833 --> 00:28:20,666
in the roots. 
- Don't say shovel.

584
00:28:20,666 --> 00:28:22,800
- Mary, can the small 
potatoes be an indication

585
00:28:22,800 --> 00:28:24,866
of a disease problem though 
as well as the potatoes

586
00:28:24,866 --> 00:28:26,833
have been in the same 
spot too many times

587
00:28:26,833 --> 00:28:28,533
are not using certified seed?

588
00:28:28,533 --> 00:28:31,133
- It certainly could and 
also hairy roots on carrots

589
00:28:31,133 --> 00:28:34,766
are often due to phytoplasmas 
which are so well as bacteria

590
00:28:34,766 --> 00:28:36,533
transmitted by leaf hoppers

591
00:28:36,533 --> 00:28:38,533
which are very 
common in Billings,

592
00:28:38,533 --> 00:28:40,466
and if their carrots are bitter,

593
00:28:40,466 --> 00:28:42,133
that might be also 
be an indication

594
00:28:42,133 --> 00:28:47,000
or if they had small, yellow, 
or purple leaves on them.

595
00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:49,733
- With phytoplasma. 
- Phytoplasma, yeah.

596
00:28:49,733 --> 00:28:51,900
- They are usually one or 
two in a row of carrots,

597
00:28:51,900 --> 00:28:53,333
it wouldn't be all of them.

598
00:28:53,333 --> 00:28:54,266
- [Mary] Yeah.

599
00:28:54,266 --> 00:28:56,200
- That's what I've 
seen within the past.

600
00:28:56,200 --> 00:29:00,200
Okay, another question 
for Richard from Forsyth.

601
00:29:01,566 --> 00:29:05,966
This person has 78 acres that 
he leases to another person

602
00:29:05,966 --> 00:29:08,000
to have at few heifers on it.

603
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:11,566
He gets about 
$1,500 rent from it.

604
00:29:11,566 --> 00:29:15,333
The county says it doesn't 
qualify as ag land.

605
00:29:15,333 --> 00:29:16,900
Can he appeal this?

606
00:29:18,600 --> 00:29:22,600
- Yeah well, yes, every 
owner has appeal rights.

607
00:29:23,733 --> 00:29:27,900
Probably what he's running 
into is the, (clears throat)

608
00:29:29,933 --> 00:29:32,333
the lease amount of 
$1,500, you know,

609
00:29:32,333 --> 00:29:35,833
it's a good indication of a 
bonafide agricultural activity

610
00:29:35,833 --> 00:29:40,133
but when livestock's 
involved we have to utilize

611
00:29:40,133 --> 00:29:44,366
animal unit months or AUMs, 
the magic number there

612
00:29:44,366 --> 00:29:48,233
is 31 AUMs, it's the 
equivalent of the $1,500.

613
00:29:50,133 --> 00:29:54,133
So, if the soil itself 
is not as a parcel whole,

614
00:29:55,066 --> 00:29:57,300
it's not meeting that 31 AUMs,

615
00:29:57,300 --> 00:30:00,600
and we wouldn't be 
able to classify that.

616
00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:02,033
- So, if this person were to,

617
00:30:02,033 --> 00:30:03,500
I'm gonna play the 
devil's advocate,

618
00:30:03,500 --> 00:30:08,166
if you input 35 to 50 
units of nitrogen on it,

619
00:30:08,166 --> 00:30:11,233
kick the forage up 
by a ton per acre,

620
00:30:12,866 --> 00:30:16,000
and put a few more 
heifers on it,

621
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:17,866
then he could probably qualify.

622
00:30:17,866 --> 00:30:20,233
- Yeah, in a case like that,

623
00:30:22,400 --> 00:30:26,566
we would probably ask for and 
require some documentation

624
00:30:28,266 --> 00:30:31,466
from a soil agronomist 
to substantiate

625
00:30:31,466 --> 00:30:35,266
what his claim would 
be on that parcel

626
00:30:35,266 --> 00:30:38,000
since it what could 
potentially be so different

627
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:41,066
from what the NRCS soil 
survey is suggesting

628
00:30:41,066 --> 00:30:43,600
the carrying capacity to be.

629
00:30:43,600 --> 00:30:45,000
- Because Richard, 
your first go-to

630
00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:48,566
is the soil maps and what 
we believe the productivity

631
00:30:48,566 --> 00:30:50,366
is based on that soil type,

632
00:30:50,366 --> 00:30:53,333
not necessarily what's 
actually produced there.

633
00:30:53,333 --> 00:30:57,500
- Absolutely, and we utilize 
that so that, you know,

634
00:30:58,966 --> 00:31:02,466
someone doesn't 
overpopulate their parcel,

635
00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:06,866
and it's a more uniform 
approach statewide.

636
00:31:06,866 --> 00:31:09,666
And if I could just back-up 
to that previous question

637
00:31:09,666 --> 00:31:11,733
about the five acre sale,

638
00:31:13,466 --> 00:31:14,866
it could potentially 
have an impact

639
00:31:14,866 --> 00:31:18,966
on the remainder piece, 
the parent piece as well.

640
00:31:19,833 --> 00:31:23,700
If that piece were to 
be less than 160 acres

641
00:31:23,700 --> 00:31:25,000
and we'd probably have to review

642
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:28,466
the ag application 
for that piece.

643
00:31:28,466 --> 00:31:32,866
If it were, say, it were 22 
acres, they sell off five,

644
00:31:32,866 --> 00:31:37,700
that leaves a 17-acre piece 
and a five-acre piece.

645
00:31:37,700 --> 00:31:41,500
They're both below the 
non-qualified ag classification

646
00:31:41,500 --> 00:31:43,733
of 20 acres or more.

647
00:31:43,733 --> 00:31:47,800
So potentially, that could 
both go into a track land value

648
00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:49,233
which would have substantially

649
00:31:49,233 --> 00:31:52,100
higher tax liability for both.

650
00:31:52,100 --> 00:31:55,000
So again, I would suggest 
call the local office

651
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:56,966
and those are good questions,

652
00:31:56,966 --> 00:31:59,133
ask the folks in 
the local offices,

653
00:31:59,133 --> 00:32:01,766
they're more than 
willing to help.

654
00:32:01,766 --> 00:32:06,233
- Clain, if you put 35 to 50 
units of nitrogen on a pasture,

655
00:32:06,233 --> 00:32:08,733
how much forage increase 
would you normally get?

656
00:32:08,733 --> 00:32:11,100
That so mean that needs 
a little nitrogen?

657
00:32:11,100 --> 00:32:14,566
- Yeah so, I usually 
say about 25 pounds

658
00:32:14,566 --> 00:32:18,733
of nitrogen per ton but 
does last units of nitrogen

659
00:32:19,633 --> 00:32:21,933
usually don't produce that.

660
00:32:21,933 --> 00:32:23,600
So, there's kind 
of a plateauing.

661
00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:26,766
So, it might be about 
a ton if nitrogen

662
00:32:26,766 --> 00:32:30,533
was really limiting but 
water is often limited first.

663
00:32:30,533 --> 00:32:31,900
- Yeah, I agree with you.

664
00:32:31,900 --> 00:32:35,533
Mary, this person's 
from Great Falls

665
00:32:35,533 --> 00:32:38,200
and obviously they've had 
some wheat streak issues

666
00:32:38,200 --> 00:32:40,933
which is a virus up 
in that area on wheat.

667
00:32:40,933 --> 00:32:42,966
They wanna know if 
there's any insecticides

668
00:32:42,966 --> 00:32:46,066
which they could use 
to manage the vector

669
00:32:46,066 --> 00:32:47,900
which is a wheat curl mite?

670
00:32:47,900 --> 00:32:51,366
- No, and the questions 
I've been getting lately

671
00:32:51,366 --> 00:32:54,366
are Cruiser, that was a seed 
treatment or corn and wheat,

672
00:32:54,366 --> 00:32:57,133
and that has no efficacy 
in wheat curl mite.

673
00:32:57,133 --> 00:32:58,833
There's one foliar product

674
00:32:58,833 --> 00:33:01,000
that did have 
efficacy on curl mite

675
00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:03,433
but it did not prevent 
the spread of the disease

676
00:33:03,433 --> 00:33:05,733
so it's not effective enough.

677
00:33:05,733 --> 00:33:07,033
- [Jack] Okay, sounds good.

678
00:33:07,033 --> 00:33:08,633
- What's the best 
thing a person can do

679
00:33:08,633 --> 00:33:10,733
to avoid wheat 
streak mosaic virus?

680
00:33:10,733 --> 00:33:14,433
- Eliminate the green 
bridge and right now plenty.

681
00:33:14,433 --> 00:33:16,533
- Will you explain the green 
bridge, we have a lot of people

682
00:33:16,533 --> 00:33:19,633
that probably don't understand 
what a green bridge is.

683
00:33:19,633 --> 00:33:21,233
- So, the green 
bridge is the presence

684
00:33:21,233 --> 00:33:23,833
of green plant material between 
the harvesting of one crop

685
00:33:23,833 --> 00:33:25,566
and the planting of the next.

686
00:33:25,566 --> 00:33:26,966
So, if you're trying to 
plant your winter wheat now

687
00:33:26,966 --> 00:33:29,833
and there's spring wheat 
nearby that's still standing

688
00:33:29,833 --> 00:33:33,033
that might will move into 
your newly planted crop,

689
00:33:33,033 --> 00:33:36,000
and move the virus with it. 
- Or volunteer.

690
00:33:36,000 --> 00:33:38,366
- Or volunteer which is 
usually volunteer wheat

691
00:33:38,366 --> 00:33:41,666
or cheatgrass is 
also a significant

692
00:33:41,666 --> 00:33:43,366
- We have cheatgrass in Montana?

693
00:33:43,366 --> 00:33:44,966
- [Mary] No, none.

694
00:33:44,966 --> 00:33:47,833
- Okay, Richard, this 
person wants to know

695
00:33:47,833 --> 00:33:51,266
why they're grazing 
land value decreased.

696
00:33:53,466 --> 00:33:56,633
- (laughs) Well, 
for 2015, again,

697
00:33:56,633 --> 00:33:59,666
it's a legislative decision,

698
00:33:59,666 --> 00:34:01,900
and as footnote, 
everything that we do,

699
00:34:01,900 --> 00:34:06,066
we administrate legislative 
decisions and laws, statutes,

700
00:34:08,333 --> 00:34:11,166
but for 2015, the 
size of an animal unit

701
00:34:11,166 --> 00:34:15,166
was increased from 1,000 
pounds to 1,200 pounds.

702
00:34:15,166 --> 00:34:19,966
So, by doing that, it 
decreases the amount of forage

703
00:34:19,966 --> 00:34:22,600
that's available on 
a piece of ground.

704
00:34:22,600 --> 00:34:25,666
And so, the 
productivity's went down,

705
00:34:27,233 --> 00:34:30,900
and that was enough 
to offset the increase

706
00:34:30,900 --> 00:34:34,233
in the private grazing lease 
which is the commodity price

707
00:34:34,233 --> 00:34:37,400
that we utilize to 
value grazing land.

708
00:34:40,166 --> 00:34:41,833
- Okay, sounds good.

709
00:34:43,300 --> 00:34:47,500
Clain, fall fertilizer on 
winter wheat, good or bad idea?

710
00:34:48,800 --> 00:34:50,200
From Great Falls.

711
00:34:51,633 --> 00:34:53,500
- I think it depends a 
little bit on the the soil

712
00:34:53,500 --> 00:34:56,566
and how busy your going 
to be in the spring.

713
00:34:56,566 --> 00:34:59,566
Traditionally, winter wheat 
was fertilized in the fall.

714
00:34:59,566 --> 00:35:03,133
I think, with research done 
by my colleague, Rick Angle,

715
00:35:03,133 --> 00:35:05,366
showing that there's more 
loss to the atmosphere

716
00:35:05,366 --> 00:35:06,900
if you fertilize in the fall.

717
00:35:06,900 --> 00:35:09,933
People are going later in 
the fall which I'd recommend

718
00:35:09,933 --> 00:35:13,800
or waiting until late 
winter or even early spring.

719
00:35:13,800 --> 00:35:15,266
There's going to 
be a fewer losses

720
00:35:15,266 --> 00:35:18,100
the longer you can 
afford to wait.

721
00:35:18,100 --> 00:35:19,966
A lot of people are 
very busy in the spring

722
00:35:19,966 --> 00:35:21,500
so they're trying 
to find something

723
00:35:21,500 --> 00:35:23,366
they can get done ahead of time.

724
00:35:23,366 --> 00:35:25,866
- Do people have used 
anhydrous ammonia

725
00:35:25,866 --> 00:35:27,933
in winter wheat 
production at all?

726
00:35:27,933 --> 00:35:31,233
- It's almost like less than 
half of percent of Montana,

727
00:35:31,233 --> 00:35:33,033
it's hardly done anymore.

728
00:35:33,033 --> 00:35:34,466
- And why is that?

729
00:35:34,466 --> 00:35:35,866
- You know, I don't 
know the exact reason.

730
00:35:35,866 --> 00:35:38,600
I've heard things that once 
the equipment gives out,

731
00:35:38,600 --> 00:35:42,666
it's hard to replace spreading 
urea via fertilizer deal

732
00:35:42,666 --> 00:35:45,066
or something very 
easy and simple to do,

733
00:35:45,066 --> 00:35:49,833
it's not quite as easy to manage 
tanks of this toxic ammonia

734
00:35:49,833 --> 00:35:51,800
so I think, there's 
a variety of reasons.

735
00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:53,300
Still being used, you know,

736
00:35:53,300 --> 00:35:55,566
pretty heavily elsewhere 
in the country though.

737
00:35:55,566 --> 00:35:58,533
- And you're not as wide and 
so it's gonna take longer

738
00:35:58,533 --> 00:36:00,966
and you're pulling 
shanks through the soil

739
00:36:00,966 --> 00:36:03,900
that are using 
horsepower and fuel,

740
00:36:05,066 --> 00:36:07,600
so, I think, a combination 
of all of those things.

741
00:36:07,600 --> 00:36:09,833
- Is it more reasonable 
anhydrous cheaper?

742
00:36:09,833 --> 00:36:12,833
- Anhydrous per pound of 
nitrogen is cheaper than urea,

743
00:36:12,833 --> 00:36:17,366
so it used to be the kinda more 
of the standard fertilizer.

744
00:36:17,366 --> 00:36:20,266
- But while we have you, urea, 
if you put it on the surface,

745
00:36:20,266 --> 00:36:23,633
and it's 75 to 80 
degrees, what happens?

746
00:36:23,633 --> 00:36:26,100
- If it's moist in 
75 or 80 degrees,

747
00:36:26,100 --> 00:36:28,866
there's a good chance it's 
gonna escape to the atmosphere.

748
00:36:28,866 --> 00:36:30,633
- So, it almost has 
to be incorporated

749
00:36:30,633 --> 00:36:33,066
or rained in or something?

750
00:36:33,066 --> 00:36:34,500
- Yes. 
- Okay.

751
00:36:34,500 --> 00:36:38,233
Richard, from Chouteau, 
this is another one.

752
00:36:38,233 --> 00:36:41,200
You're striking the tom with 
a lot of people out there.

753
00:36:41,200 --> 00:36:42,666
- It's a hot topic. 
- It is.

754
00:36:42,666 --> 00:36:46,833
This person has a parcel land, 
160 acres listed as ag land

755
00:36:49,700 --> 00:36:53,766
but it was plotted for 
subdivision in about 2,000.

756
00:36:53,766 --> 00:36:57,533
Is that subdivision 
plotting still in effect?

757
00:37:00,366 --> 00:37:03,133
- Yeah, I believe that, 
you know, if it's platted,

758
00:37:03,133 --> 00:37:07,233
then it's platted until 
something occurs to unplat it.

759
00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:16,033
At 160 acres and it 
would be classified

760
00:37:16,033 --> 00:37:17,700
as agricultural land.

761
00:37:17,700 --> 00:37:18,833
- Okay. 
- You know.

762
00:37:18,833 --> 00:37:19,666
- Sounds good.

763
00:37:19,666 --> 00:37:22,833
Mary, from Denton, winter 
wheats double in that area,

764
00:37:22,833 --> 00:37:26,733
have areas that brown 
that yielded 30% lower

765
00:37:26,733 --> 00:37:28,833
than other areas of field.

766
00:37:28,833 --> 00:37:32,000
What do you think it is and how 
can they avoid it next year?

767
00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:35,866
- We've gone a couple of 
samples from that area.

768
00:37:35,866 --> 00:37:38,366
A lot of it has been 
Fusarium crown rot,

769
00:37:38,366 --> 00:37:42,100
and it's actually causing 
the stubble to turn brown,

770
00:37:42,100 --> 00:37:44,400
and that's very 
difficult to control

771
00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:45,700
if you're gonna grow wheat.

772
00:37:45,700 --> 00:37:48,466
So, there's some seed 
treatments that you can use

773
00:37:48,466 --> 00:37:52,766
that would help prevent it 
but they don't last very long

774
00:37:52,766 --> 00:37:55,133
and overall, they don't 
prevent it long term.

775
00:37:55,133 --> 00:37:57,366
- You know, when I was 
around the state years ago,

776
00:37:57,366 --> 00:38:00,200
there were areas 
northern then up,

777
00:38:01,100 --> 00:38:04,200
closer to Havre, Black Eagle,

778
00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:07,566
that area that had a 
lot of hardpan areas

779
00:38:09,066 --> 00:38:10,800
that would do the same thing.

780
00:38:10,800 --> 00:38:13,033
Do you see any of 
that with Denton area?

781
00:38:13,033 --> 00:38:15,333
- I have not been 
there to look for it.

782
00:38:15,333 --> 00:38:17,033
The samples that we 
got had crown rot.

783
00:38:17,033 --> 00:38:21,100
- Okay, Clain, you know 
of any hardpan in--

784
00:38:21,100 --> 00:38:22,433
- No. 
- No, okay.

785
00:38:24,666 --> 00:38:28,133
This one, for Gary 
and/or Richard.

786
00:38:28,133 --> 00:38:31,100
Do agricultural 
property taxes increase

787
00:38:31,100 --> 00:38:33,600
because of urban encroachment?

788
00:38:39,933 --> 00:38:43,033
- Only in that the 
mill levy may increase,

789
00:38:43,033 --> 00:38:46,066
agricultural land, 
again, is valued

790
00:38:46,066 --> 00:38:49,166
on its potential productivity

791
00:38:49,166 --> 00:38:52,166
that we utilize in 
NRCS soil survey,

792
00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:55,333
by statute, agricultural 
land is not subject

793
00:38:55,333 --> 00:38:58,933
to the speculated 
market around it.

794
00:38:58,933 --> 00:39:01,233
So again, it's agricultural land

795
00:39:01,233 --> 00:39:04,400
is based on its 
potential productivity

796
00:39:04,400 --> 00:39:07,133
and an average commodity price.

797
00:39:07,133 --> 00:39:08,400
So, not really.

798
00:39:10,633 --> 00:39:12,600
However, the tax 
liability can be affected

799
00:39:12,600 --> 00:39:16,433
by the increase in 
mill levy as a result

800
00:39:16,433 --> 00:39:18,933
of what's happening around it.

801
00:39:19,766 --> 00:39:23,233
- Yeah, urban 
encroachment, of course,

802
00:39:23,233 --> 00:39:25,300
when you have more people 
move in, you need more streets

803
00:39:25,300 --> 00:39:28,700
and you need more waste 
water treatment, and schools,

804
00:39:28,700 --> 00:39:29,833
and all those sorts of things

805
00:39:29,833 --> 00:39:31,833
so that ends up causing 
mill levies to rise.

806
00:39:31,833 --> 00:39:33,766
So, you know, that's 
absolutely right,

807
00:39:33,766 --> 00:39:35,766
didn't change the 
productivity of that land

808
00:39:35,766 --> 00:39:40,433
but no levies going up does 
affect agricultural taxes

809
00:39:40,433 --> 00:39:43,066
for that reason and 
that reason only.

810
00:39:43,066 --> 00:39:45,666
That's not to say that the more 
of an encroachment you have,

811
00:39:45,666 --> 00:39:47,566
the easier it is to farm

812
00:39:47,566 --> 00:39:49,500
because you're moving equipment

813
00:39:49,500 --> 00:39:53,400
and there's all sorts 
of things that go on

814
00:39:53,400 --> 00:39:55,133
when you have this so 
there are some other cause

815
00:39:55,133 --> 00:39:57,066
but not on the property tax,

816
00:39:57,066 --> 00:40:00,966
other than for urban 
causing no levies to rise.

817
00:40:02,600 --> 00:40:05,933
- Okay, sounds good, 
Mary, from Bozeman,

818
00:40:06,933 --> 00:40:08,433
they have mushrooms 
growing in their yard,

819
00:40:08,433 --> 00:40:11,100
there are huge variety, buttons,

820
00:40:12,600 --> 00:40:15,566
they look like 
tree roots almost.

821
00:40:15,566 --> 00:40:18,600
They wanna know how 
to get rid of them.

822
00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:20,800
- That's a great question.

823
00:40:21,766 --> 00:40:22,833
I have more over there,

824
00:40:22,833 --> 00:40:25,333
they're basically living 
on decomposing matter.

825
00:40:25,333 --> 00:40:27,833
So, when it gets wet in 
the spring in the fall,

826
00:40:27,833 --> 00:40:30,533
the mushrooms come up 
or with your irrigation,

827
00:40:30,533 --> 00:40:34,000
you'd have to get rid of 
that organic matter so,

828
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:35,933
that they're growing on, so, 
it's really, really hard.

829
00:40:35,933 --> 00:40:38,033
There's some fungicides 
you can use for fairy rings

830
00:40:38,033 --> 00:40:39,833
but you have to 
identify the species

831
00:40:39,833 --> 00:40:43,000
and surely, a diagnostic, 
we can help with that.

832
00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:45,033
- Yeah, and really they 
don't hurt that much.

833
00:40:45,033 --> 00:40:47,900
- They don't, you know, and 
we get a lot of questions

834
00:40:47,900 --> 00:40:49,633
every year about my 
dog ate this mushroom,

835
00:40:49,633 --> 00:40:51,700
or I ate this mushroom.

836
00:40:51,700 --> 00:40:54,500
Get it identified before-- 
- Find out what it is

837
00:40:54,500 --> 00:40:56,633
before you eat 'em, that 
true but in general,

838
00:40:56,633 --> 00:41:00,766
a lot of those where 
probably metal mushrooms.

839
00:41:00,766 --> 00:41:01,600
- Yeah.

840
00:41:01,600 --> 00:41:04,466
- Does mechanically removing 
that stuff in the spring

841
00:41:04,466 --> 00:41:06,800
with those machines are 
coming and tearing them up,

842
00:41:06,800 --> 00:41:08,600
does that help any of that?

843
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:10,500
- Well, you can aerate your lawn

844
00:41:10,500 --> 00:41:12,200
which would favor decomposition

845
00:41:12,200 --> 00:41:16,366
of any organic matter but 
it's not gonna eliminate it,

846
00:41:17,433 --> 00:41:19,166
as a problematically.

847
00:41:20,100 --> 00:41:23,700
- Richard, you see that 
map in front of you,

848
00:41:23,700 --> 00:41:25,266
why don't you hold that up

849
00:41:25,266 --> 00:41:27,433
and we'll try to get 
it close-up of it.

850
00:41:27,433 --> 00:41:28,266
- [Richard] Certainly.

851
00:41:28,266 --> 00:41:30,033
- And tell us what 
it's all about.

852
00:41:30,033 --> 00:41:32,866
- Yes, well, this 
particular thing

853
00:41:34,733 --> 00:41:38,666
is actually a copy of 
ArcReader GIS aerial map.

854
00:41:45,466 --> 00:41:47,633
Get that so it doesn't glare.

855
00:41:47,633 --> 00:41:51,633
And it's two copies, 
that's the identical parcel

856
00:41:53,200 --> 00:41:56,400
and what it's showing is 
the ownership boundary

857
00:41:56,400 --> 00:41:59,333
that is in red and 
then the yellow lines

858
00:41:59,333 --> 00:42:01,366
would be the field boundaries,

859
00:42:01,366 --> 00:42:04,466
and the large field that 
shows up as a dark green

860
00:42:04,466 --> 00:42:08,566
is labeled I/S which refers to 
an irrigated sprinkler field,

861
00:42:11,633 --> 00:42:15,900
and then on, oops, excuse 
me here for a moment.

862
00:42:15,900 --> 00:42:20,066
(clears throat) On my right, 
your left would be the parcel

863
00:42:21,833 --> 00:42:24,266
without the soil lines on it.

864
00:42:25,633 --> 00:42:30,133
On your right would be the 
lavender soil boundaries.

865
00:42:30,133 --> 00:42:32,466
Each one of those 
soils has, again,

866
00:42:32,466 --> 00:42:36,666
from the NICS soil survey 
has a potential productivity.

867
00:42:37,866 --> 00:42:40,200
So now, when we value these,

868
00:42:41,100 --> 00:42:43,666
each soil would 
have its own value.

869
00:42:43,666 --> 00:42:45,766
In the case, in this 
particular field,

870
00:42:45,766 --> 00:42:48,066
there are similar 
productivities.

871
00:42:48,066 --> 00:42:51,333
One is at 4.1 tons 
of alfalfa per acre,

872
00:42:52,700 --> 00:42:55,533
and the other soil 
is at 4.2 tons.

873
00:42:58,033 --> 00:43:01,233
But today, each of those 
would have its own value

874
00:43:01,233 --> 00:43:05,400
whereas in the past, there was 
an average tonnage per acre

875
00:43:08,633 --> 00:43:11,866
that was created and was 
valued as such that way

876
00:43:11,866 --> 00:43:15,366
so it's much more soil 
specific these days.

877
00:43:15,366 --> 00:43:17,033
- [Jack] Science in action.

878
00:43:17,033 --> 00:43:20,166
- Science in action and 
this is a great little tool

879
00:43:20,166 --> 00:43:23,600
that sitting down with 
producers and owners.

880
00:43:23,600 --> 00:43:28,066
It shows what we're talking 
about and it's helpful.

881
00:43:28,066 --> 00:43:28,933
- Sounds good. 
- Yeah.

882
00:43:28,933 --> 00:43:33,100
- Okay, I've another question 
while we're got you up there.

883
00:43:34,333 --> 00:43:35,333
This person has heard

884
00:43:35,333 --> 00:43:38,733
of an Agricultural Land 
Valuation Committee,

885
00:43:38,733 --> 00:43:40,333
what do they do

886
00:43:40,333 --> 00:43:43,933
and can you explain 
what their function is?

887
00:43:45,933 --> 00:43:47,366
- Yeah.

888
00:43:47,366 --> 00:43:51,533
Yes, it's the Governor's Ag 
Land Valuation Committee,

889
00:43:53,500 --> 00:43:56,666
they review methodologies 
that we use,

890
00:43:59,533 --> 00:44:01,700
anything that is suggested they,

891
00:44:01,700 --> 00:44:03,033
well, let me back up 
just a little bit,

892
00:44:03,033 --> 00:44:05,700
they're appointed 
by the governor.

893
00:44:05,700 --> 00:44:10,100
Last cycle, there was a 
little bit of a change to that

894
00:44:10,100 --> 00:44:13,033
and that four 
members of the senate

895
00:44:14,166 --> 00:44:16,166
and congress were added.

896
00:44:19,000 --> 00:44:23,166
There, it's composed 
of producers,

897
00:44:25,700 --> 00:44:28,166
people in the 
agricultural world,

898
00:44:28,166 --> 00:44:30,700
they review any suggestions 
that the department might have,

899
00:44:30,700 --> 00:44:33,700
they can have their 
own suggestions,

900
00:44:35,566 --> 00:44:37,500
they review these 
things for viability

901
00:44:37,500 --> 00:44:40,000
and if they feel it's something 
that they wanna move forward

902
00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:44,166
then it moves in 
to the legislative

903
00:44:45,966 --> 00:44:47,433
If they pass muster there,

904
00:44:47,433 --> 00:44:49,600
then it goes to the 
full legislature

905
00:44:49,600 --> 00:44:51,933
for approval or disapproval.

906
00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:56,200
So, it's an oversight 
committee the convenes

907
00:44:56,200 --> 00:44:59,466
prior to each reappraisal cycle

908
00:44:59,466 --> 00:45:03,233
to consider any changes 
that might be afoot.

909
00:45:03,233 --> 00:45:05,566
- And we've Montana State 
University Department

910
00:45:05,566 --> 00:45:07,633
of Agricultural 
Economics for years

911
00:45:07,633 --> 00:45:09,833
is often had an 
agricultural economist

912
00:45:09,833 --> 00:45:11,300
who has been part 
of that committee

913
00:45:11,300 --> 00:45:12,766
and then consulting 
role at least

914
00:45:12,766 --> 00:45:14,566
to talk about, does 
the same reasonable,

915
00:45:14,566 --> 00:45:17,866
does that reasonable sort 
of for probably 30 years.

916
00:45:17,866 --> 00:45:19,800
- Yup, the agricultural 
economist here at MSU

917
00:45:19,800 --> 00:45:23,033
are very active in what we do

918
00:45:23,033 --> 00:45:25,333
and very, very 
helpfully guide us and--

919
00:45:25,333 --> 00:45:26,666
- Don't give 'em that.

920
00:45:26,666 --> 00:45:29,266
(speaking over each other)

921
00:45:29,266 --> 00:45:31,866
Fishing for a complement 
but I really wasn't.

922
00:45:31,866 --> 00:45:34,800
No, I've never been 
on the committee.

923
00:45:34,800 --> 00:45:36,833
- (laughs) Okay, sounds good.

924
00:45:36,833 --> 00:45:39,633
I've got you up this 
one from Billings.

925
00:45:39,633 --> 00:45:42,666
This person has 1,200 acres 
that were put together

926
00:45:42,666 --> 00:45:46,400
from different tracks in 
the early 20th century,

927
00:45:46,400 --> 00:45:47,600
if they were going to sell

928
00:45:47,600 --> 00:45:51,166
with some parcels 
less than 160 acres,

929
00:45:51,166 --> 00:45:54,466
would the process fall 
under the subdivision laws?

930
00:45:54,466 --> 00:45:57,633
Again, I not sure you're 
knowledgeable on that matter

931
00:45:57,633 --> 00:45:59,333
but I'll throw it out to you.

932
00:45:59,333 --> 00:46:01,333
- Yes, subdivision law or laws

933
00:46:01,333 --> 00:46:02,900
is definitely not my wheelhouse

934
00:46:02,900 --> 00:46:06,966
so I think before you 
would do anything,

935
00:46:06,966 --> 00:46:11,133
you would wanna talk to your 
local planning jurisdiction.

936
00:46:13,066 --> 00:46:16,566
As far as the any 
agricultural valuations,

937
00:46:20,433 --> 00:46:24,600
once we knew, what was occurring 
or what you intended to do

938
00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:26,300
then we could sit down,

939
00:46:26,300 --> 00:46:28,866
probably talk a little more 
intelligently about it then.

940
00:46:28,866 --> 00:46:30,300
- Okay, sounds good. 
- Yeah.

941
00:46:30,300 --> 00:46:32,033
- Contact you if they 
want more information.

942
00:46:32,033 --> 00:46:33,300
- [Richard] Yeah, definitely.

943
00:46:33,300 --> 00:46:35,466
- Okay, from Scobey, Mary,

944
00:46:35,466 --> 00:46:39,400
the pea seed tested in 
the 20's for Alternaria,

945
00:46:40,966 --> 00:46:43,800
what does that mean 
and does that suggest

946
00:46:43,800 --> 00:46:45,766
that they need to use something

947
00:46:45,766 --> 00:46:48,366
as a seed treatment next year?

948
00:46:48,366 --> 00:46:52,966
- Okay so, Alternaria is a 
fungus that causes a leaf spot,

949
00:46:52,966 --> 00:46:55,433
and it'll often come in 
when the tissue's wounded

950
00:46:55,433 --> 00:46:59,600
either hail or wind, we don't 
have wind in Montana either.

951
00:47:00,566 --> 00:47:03,900
And we found probably 
80% of the seed lot

952
00:47:03,900 --> 00:47:07,266
have different hit levels 
of Alternaria and pea,

953
00:47:07,266 --> 00:47:08,733
we don't really 
know what it means

954
00:47:08,733 --> 00:47:10,033
if it's gonna affect seed,

955
00:47:10,033 --> 00:47:11,533
it doesn't seem to be 
affecting seed quality,

956
00:47:11,533 --> 00:47:13,233
we gotta test that.

957
00:47:13,233 --> 00:47:15,500
There's about eight different 
species of Alternaria

958
00:47:15,500 --> 00:47:17,900
so some of those might be 
more pathogenic than others

959
00:47:17,900 --> 00:47:21,533
so the short answer 
is I have no idea

960
00:47:21,533 --> 00:47:24,266
but you probably should use 
a seed treatment anyway.

961
00:47:24,266 --> 00:47:25,733
- They're not very expensive--

962
00:47:25,733 --> 00:47:30,433
- No, for pulse crops 
always use a seed treatment.

963
00:47:30,433 --> 00:47:32,933
- Question from Forsyth, Gary.

964
00:47:34,100 --> 00:47:38,566
What's the projection for 
sugar beet prices this fall?

965
00:47:38,566 --> 00:47:39,633
- Pretty low.

966
00:47:40,833 --> 00:47:42,733
Sort of, probably 
a little bit lower

967
00:47:42,733 --> 00:47:44,466
than long-run average prices.

968
00:47:44,466 --> 00:47:48,066
Again, great production 
not only in Montana

969
00:47:49,066 --> 00:47:51,233
but very good yields throughout

970
00:47:51,233 --> 00:47:54,866
the northern tier part of 
the U.S. but also worldwide,

971
00:47:54,866 --> 00:47:58,233
very strong yields 
from most of the places

972
00:47:58,233 --> 00:47:59,333
that are the major producers.

973
00:47:59,333 --> 00:48:01,066
So, there's a lot of 
supply in the market.

974
00:48:01,066 --> 00:48:02,066
There was a lot of 
supply in the market

975
00:48:02,066 --> 00:48:04,566
within the United States 
from last year's crop

976
00:48:04,566 --> 00:48:05,866
which was also very good.

977
00:48:05,866 --> 00:48:07,800
So, there's a lot of 
inventory out there

978
00:48:07,800 --> 00:48:10,233
and, you know, I think, 
all of the companies

979
00:48:10,233 --> 00:48:13,600
over the coming year 
will probably cut reduce

980
00:48:13,600 --> 00:48:16,533
the productive acres again,

981
00:48:16,533 --> 00:48:20,300
trying to get that inventory 
under control a little bit so.

982
00:48:20,300 --> 00:48:23,000
- Clain, yeah, I worked 
with sugar beet years ago

983
00:48:23,000 --> 00:48:25,500
but I've kinda forgotten, is 
that a heavy nitrogen user,

984
00:48:25,500 --> 00:48:28,333
do you put a lot of nitrogen 
on a sugar beet crop?

985
00:48:28,333 --> 00:48:31,500
- Quite a bit more phosphorus 
but quite a bit of nitrogen.

986
00:48:31,500 --> 00:48:36,133
Somewhere around seven pounds 
per tons when you're growing,

987
00:48:36,133 --> 00:48:38,933
30 tons that adds up 200 pounds.

988
00:48:38,933 --> 00:48:41,400
- That is a lot of nitrogen. 
- Yeah.

989
00:48:41,400 --> 00:48:42,466
- Richard, from Belgrade,

990
00:48:42,466 --> 00:48:44,733
what happens to ag 
land classifications

991
00:48:44,733 --> 00:48:48,400
when the ag land is 
annexed by the city?

992
00:48:48,400 --> 00:48:50,033
- Yeah, that's a great question,

993
00:48:50,033 --> 00:48:54,200
for this area and other booming 
areas in the state as well.

994
00:49:00,266 --> 00:49:01,166
It depends.

995
00:49:02,366 --> 00:49:04,866
Our suggestion is always check

996
00:49:07,800 --> 00:49:10,533
with the local planning office.

997
00:49:10,533 --> 00:49:14,733
Some locales will allow 
agricultural use, some will not,

998
00:49:17,533 --> 00:49:20,933
some will, if a 
piece is currently

999
00:49:20,933 --> 00:49:25,533
under agricultural production 
and is annexed into a city,

1000
00:49:25,533 --> 00:49:27,300
Belgrade for example.

1001
00:49:29,766 --> 00:49:30,733
Currently, as far as I know,

1002
00:49:30,733 --> 00:49:34,733
they will allow that 
to be grandfathered in.

1003
00:49:34,733 --> 00:49:39,433
If it's not, then we cannot 
classify this agricultural land

1004
00:49:39,433 --> 00:49:42,833
that would go to a 
track land valuation.

1005
00:49:42,833 --> 00:49:44,066
- Sounds good.

1006
00:49:44,066 --> 00:49:48,100
Mary, you have some dead 
plants in front of you.

1007
00:49:49,733 --> 00:49:51,100
- [Mary] They were kind.

1008
00:49:51,100 --> 00:49:51,966
- [Richard] My garden?

1009
00:49:51,966 --> 00:49:53,933
- Your garden, right? 
- My garden.

1010
00:49:53,933 --> 00:49:55,166
- Why don't you hold them up

1011
00:49:55,166 --> 00:49:57,100
and tell us what you have there.

1012
00:49:57,100 --> 00:50:01,500
- Okay so, I use my garden as 
an example quite frequently

1013
00:50:01,500 --> 00:50:05,666
so, if you have white, 
powdery stuff on your squash,

1014
00:50:07,166 --> 00:50:09,466
that is powdery 
mildew and right now,

1015
00:50:09,466 --> 00:50:12,900
all the cucumbers in the 
state are probably dying.

1016
00:50:12,900 --> 00:50:15,233
Mine happened to have a 
downy mildew which is pretty,

1017
00:50:15,233 --> 00:50:17,366
I don't think it'll show 
off on camera very well.

1018
00:50:17,366 --> 00:50:20,166
The other thing I had 
to show from my garden

1019
00:50:20,166 --> 00:50:22,466
was blossom-end rot 
and we think about this

1020
00:50:22,466 --> 00:50:25,400
on tomato a lot 
but not on squash

1021
00:50:25,400 --> 00:50:27,766
and this is a squash from 
earlier this year that--

1022
00:50:27,766 --> 00:50:29,400
- [Jack] Turn it around 
so they can see the--

1023
00:50:29,400 --> 00:50:30,500
- Yeah, see the-- 
- Yeah.

1024
00:50:30,500 --> 00:50:34,600
- And it's all spotted in 
that, yeah, it's a good idea.

1025
00:50:34,600 --> 00:50:37,866
This is kinda in clean spill box

1026
00:50:37,866 --> 00:50:39,533
as far as it's a 
calcium deficiency

1027
00:50:39,533 --> 00:50:42,800
but the calcium deficiency is 
due to inconsistent watering

1028
00:50:42,800 --> 00:50:46,066
which is certainly 
true with my garden.

1029
00:50:47,400 --> 00:50:50,166
And Sheryl diagnosed 
this for me earlier,

1030
00:50:50,166 --> 00:50:53,766
this is probably 
also inconsistent

1031
00:50:53,766 --> 00:50:58,433
and it actually wasn't my 
apple tree but (laughs)

1032
00:50:58,433 --> 00:51:00,400
it was in the neighborhood 
so you can see the cracks

1033
00:51:00,400 --> 00:51:02,633
and growth circles 
on the top there

1034
00:51:02,633 --> 00:51:05,466
and that's pretty 
common on apple.

1035
00:51:06,866 --> 00:51:08,100
- [Gary] Clain, how do 
we get enough calcium

1036
00:51:08,100 --> 00:51:09,733
into those soils?

1037
00:51:09,733 --> 00:51:11,966
What's the product 
a person should use?

1038
00:51:11,966 --> 00:51:13,800
Because blossom-end rot it's 
always seems to be a problem.

1039
00:51:13,800 --> 00:51:17,133
- All right so, most Montana 
soils are loaded with calcium

1040
00:51:17,133 --> 00:51:21,600
so it's not that we don't 
have calcium in the soil.

1041
00:51:21,600 --> 00:51:23,766
One problem we do 
have though is high pH

1042
00:51:23,766 --> 00:51:26,166
which makes that calcium 
not very available,

1043
00:51:26,166 --> 00:51:28,233
and then like Mary mentioned,

1044
00:51:28,233 --> 00:51:30,300
if you're not watering or 
you're watering too much,

1045
00:51:30,300 --> 00:51:33,333
it's hard to get the 
calcium into the plant.

1046
00:51:33,333 --> 00:51:37,500
I do add elemental sulfur to 
the bottom of my tomato holes

1047
00:51:39,333 --> 00:51:41,833
which lowers the pH and 
then I add some gypsum

1048
00:51:41,833 --> 00:51:43,833
which has calcium in it,

1049
00:51:44,766 --> 00:51:48,466
and I think I've seen a 
reduction in blossom-end rot

1050
00:51:48,466 --> 00:51:50,666
but it could just be a chance.

1051
00:51:50,666 --> 00:51:51,500
- Okay.

1052
00:51:51,500 --> 00:51:52,766
- I seem to see like 
really early in the season

1053
00:51:52,766 --> 00:51:54,666
and then when it's 
growing rapidly,

1054
00:51:54,666 --> 00:51:57,833
I don't see it so I 
just live with it.

1055
00:51:58,966 --> 00:51:59,800
- Yeah, okay.

1056
00:51:59,800 --> 00:52:00,800
Before I move on, 
there's an old name

1057
00:52:00,800 --> 00:52:04,433
for that on the apples, it's 
called cat face of apples,

1058
00:52:04,433 --> 00:52:07,433
and it used to be 
a huge problem.

1059
00:52:07,433 --> 00:52:10,166
They've learned to manage 
apples a little better

1060
00:52:10,166 --> 00:52:13,400
than years and years ago where 
they didn't get any water.

1061
00:52:13,400 --> 00:52:14,400
- Is that the 
pathological description--

1062
00:52:14,400 --> 00:52:16,800
- That is, no, it's not land,

1063
00:52:16,800 --> 00:52:19,566
it's just a common name of it.

1064
00:52:19,566 --> 00:52:21,200
Plant path is really 
pretty simple,

1065
00:52:21,200 --> 00:52:23,733
you describe what you 
see and if it's a symptom

1066
00:52:23,733 --> 00:52:24,966
that looks like a cat face,

1067
00:52:24,966 --> 00:52:27,100
you call it cat face of apples.

1068
00:52:27,100 --> 00:52:28,766
- [Gary] That was la, okay.

1069
00:52:28,766 --> 00:52:31,366
- Richard, from Molt, we're 
running a little long time

1070
00:52:31,366 --> 00:52:35,466
but in 2015, this person 
says that the value

1071
00:52:35,466 --> 00:52:39,500
of an animal unit was 
raised to 1,200 pounds.

1072
00:52:39,500 --> 00:52:43,366
Previously, horses 
were 1.25 animal units,

1073
00:52:43,366 --> 00:52:45,866
now that it has been raised,

1074
00:52:45,866 --> 00:52:49,800
that mean the horse's 
value is one animal unit?

1075
00:52:51,466 --> 00:52:52,633
- Oh, off the top of my head,

1076
00:52:52,633 --> 00:52:56,800
I can't really quite say 
what the equivalent would be

1077
00:52:57,900 --> 00:53:01,066
but it would adjust 
as well, you know?

1078
00:53:02,066 --> 00:53:04,866
- Okay, this one, 
again, from Manhattan,

1079
00:53:04,866 --> 00:53:07,100
a lot of questions 
from Manhattan tonight.

1080
00:53:07,100 --> 00:53:10,533
What causes changes in 
agricultural property taxes

1081
00:53:10,533 --> 00:53:12,033
from year to year?

1082
00:53:14,933 --> 00:53:18,433
- Well, (clears throat)

1083
00:53:18,433 --> 00:53:22,600
land wise, it could be a 
long term change in practice

1084
00:53:25,833 --> 00:53:27,800
for that particular field

1085
00:53:27,800 --> 00:53:30,700
could possibly change 
the classification.

1086
00:53:30,700 --> 00:53:35,100
In those cases, we look 
at again, long term use,

1087
00:53:35,100 --> 00:53:38,266
predominant use, 
that sort of thing,

1088
00:53:38,266 --> 00:53:40,266
but also involved in 
agricultural properties

1089
00:53:40,266 --> 00:53:42,833
or the improvements that 
are on your property,

1090
00:53:42,833 --> 00:53:44,800
your house, your barns,

1091
00:53:44,800 --> 00:53:48,800
any, build a new house, 
build an addition,

1092
00:53:48,800 --> 00:53:51,266
add a barn or anything 
along that line

1093
00:53:51,266 --> 00:53:56,100
could also have an effect 
on your property taxes.

1094
00:53:56,100 --> 00:54:00,266
Again, year to year if nothing 
changes, it's mill levy.

1095
00:54:02,566 --> 00:54:05,166
The mill levy will 
change each year

1096
00:54:05,166 --> 00:54:07,766
and will have an effect 
on your tax liability.

1097
00:54:07,766 --> 00:54:08,600
- [Jack] Okay.

1098
00:54:08,600 --> 00:54:11,500
- And if you had five years 
in a row of pretty high prices

1099
00:54:11,500 --> 00:54:15,200
that eventually become 
part of your price average,

1100
00:54:15,200 --> 00:54:17,366
that would change when 
the next cycle then.

1101
00:54:17,366 --> 00:54:19,633
- Well yes, for each cycle,

1102
00:54:21,066 --> 00:54:23,966
we develop a new 
average commodity price,

1103
00:54:23,966 --> 00:54:26,600
and that's based on 
an Olympic average

1104
00:54:26,600 --> 00:54:28,833
where you drop the 
high and the low

1105
00:54:28,833 --> 00:54:30,833
and so, yes, each cycle,

1106
00:54:32,633 --> 00:54:35,633
you'll potentially gonna 
have a change in value

1107
00:54:35,633 --> 00:54:36,966
but if nothing changes,

1108
00:54:36,966 --> 00:54:38,833
that value should 
stay with the property

1109
00:54:38,833 --> 00:54:43,133
for the entire cycle which 
is now currently two years.

1110
00:54:43,133 --> 00:54:44,766
- Okay, and that was 
changed by the legislature

1111
00:54:44,766 --> 00:54:46,266
just a few years ago.

1112
00:54:46,266 --> 00:54:48,333
- Correct, it went 
into effect in 2015,

1113
00:54:48,333 --> 00:54:52,333
went from a six-year cycle 
the a two-year cycle.

1114
00:54:52,333 --> 00:54:54,866
- Okay all right, 
we're low on time

1115
00:54:54,866 --> 00:54:58,100
but I'll get this one in for 
Mary, it's from Whitefish.

1116
00:54:58,100 --> 00:55:00,000
They have fairy ring 
mushrooms in the lawn,

1117
00:55:00,000 --> 00:55:02,233
what can they do to control 'em?

1118
00:55:02,233 --> 00:55:04,866
One time at fall, we're 
gonna answer that question.

1119
00:55:04,866 --> 00:55:06,933
- Same as the 
mushrooms in the lawn,

1120
00:55:06,933 --> 00:55:11,700
there are some fungicides, 
you can ask your landscaper

1121
00:55:11,700 --> 00:55:15,033
but aeration, anything that 
decompose that organic material.

1122
00:55:15,033 --> 00:55:17,100
- Yeah, good aeration and 
a good watering program

1123
00:55:17,100 --> 00:55:21,333
and a couple of years time, 
you'll pretty well mask it.

1124
00:55:21,333 --> 00:55:22,666
We have a question 
here from Laura,

1125
00:55:22,666 --> 00:55:23,666
we're not going to 
get to it tonight.

1126
00:55:23,666 --> 00:55:24,866
We'll get to it next week

1127
00:55:24,866 --> 00:55:26,333
because I know there's an answer

1128
00:55:26,333 --> 00:55:30,333
but they have problems with 
mice chewing in their car

1129
00:55:30,333 --> 00:55:33,033
and traps aren't working 
but we'll find something

1130
00:55:33,033 --> 00:55:35,466
for next week that'll 
give some answer.

1131
00:55:35,466 --> 00:55:36,866
Richard, thank you for 
being here tonight.

1132
00:55:36,866 --> 00:55:38,166
It's been a pleasure.

1133
00:55:38,166 --> 00:55:40,000
The rest of the panel, 
I appreciate it.

1134
00:55:40,000 --> 00:55:42,366
Next week, we're going 
to have Mac Burgess

1135
00:55:42,366 --> 00:55:43,500
looking at the status

1136
00:55:43,500 --> 00:55:46,533
for organic crop 
production in Montana.

1137
00:55:46,533 --> 00:55:50,300
Have a good week, good night, 
and thanks for watching.

1138
00:55:50,300 --> 00:55:54,500
("Montana AG Live 
Jingle" instrumental)

1139
00:56:15,233 --> 00:56:18,833
- [Narrator] Montana AG 
Live is made possible by

1140
00:56:18,833 --> 00:56:21,266
the Montana Department 
of Agriculture,

1141
00:56:21,266 --> 00:56:23,433
the MSU Extension Service,

1142
00:56:24,300 --> 00:56:26,000
the MSU Ag Experiment Stations

1143
00:56:26,000 --> 00:56:28,833
of the College of Agriculture,

1144
00:56:28,833 --> 00:56:31,333
the Montana Wheat 
& Barley Committee,

1145
00:56:31,333 --> 00:56:34,600
the Montana Bankers Association,

1146
00:56:34,600 --> 00:56:37,033
Cashman Nursery and Landscaping,

1147
00:56:37,033 --> 00:56:40,233
and the Gallatin Gardeners Club.

1148
00:56:40,233 --> 00:56:46,000
(soft music)