WEBVTT 00:01.100 --> 00:04.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - [Narrator] Montana AG Live is made possible by 00:04.766 --> 00:07.600 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% the Montana Department of Agriculture, 00:07.600 --> 00:10.200 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% the MSU Extension Service, 00:10.200 --> 00:12.033 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% the MSU AG Experiment Stations 00:12.033 --> 00:14.600 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% of the College of Agriculture, 00:14.600 --> 00:17.500 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% the Montana Wheat & Barley Committee, 00:17.500 --> 00:20.333 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% the Montana Bankers Association, 00:20.333 --> 00:23.066 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% Cashman Nursery & Landscaping, 00:23.066 --> 00:26.166 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% and the Gallatin Gardeners Club. 00:26.166 --> 00:30.166 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% (cows moo, country banjo music) 00:32.566 --> 00:34.466 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% ♪ If your herbicides and fungicides 00:34.466 --> 00:36.133 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% ♪ And pesticides are old 00:36.133 --> 00:39.400 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% ♪ The veggies you are growing in your garden start to mold 00:39.400 --> 00:43.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% ♪ If the ants are attacking and you're having a hard time 00:43.466 --> 00:46.800 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% ♪ Call Montana AG Live 00:46.800 --> 00:50.333 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% ♪ Knapweed in the ditch and the old bull's got a itch 00:50.333 --> 00:53.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% ♪ Ticks upon my sheep and the wool is really cheap 00:53.900 --> 00:58.133 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% ♪ The gophers in the pasture are even worse than last year 00:58.133 --> 01:01.966 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% ♪ Montana AG Live where are you? 01:01.966 --> 01:05.133 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% (country banjo music) 01:10.766 --> 01:13.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - Good evening, welcome to Montana AG Live 01:13.533 --> 01:16.666 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% originating tonight from the studios at KUSM 01:16.666 --> 01:20.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% on the beautiful campus of Montana State University. 01:20.233 --> 01:23.033 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% I'm Jack Riesselman, I'll be your host this evening. 01:23.033 --> 01:25.200 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% Those of you who've watched the program in the past, 01:25.200 --> 01:28.366 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% we appreciate you watching and you know the routine. 01:28.366 --> 01:30.733 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% If you have questions for our esteemed panel 01:30.733 --> 01:33.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% this evening, please feel free to call me 01:33.133 --> 01:35.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% and then they'll give it the best answer they can get 01:35.466 --> 01:37.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% or at least they'll guess well, right? 01:37.233 --> 01:38.366 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 01:38.366 --> 01:42.266 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% All right, you know I'm gonna introduce the panel now. 01:42.266 --> 01:46.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% On my immediate left, Toby Day, Toby is the Hort Specialist 01:46.866 --> 01:49.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% of our group, Extension Horticulturalist. 01:49.666 --> 01:54.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% All of you know Laurie, Laurie, and I have a hard time 01:54.033 --> 01:56.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% with your last name, but it's Kerzicnik. 01:56.500 --> 01:57.366 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% - Perfect. 01:57.366 --> 01:59.266 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% - And she has her Doctorate Degree and she's 01:59.266 --> 02:01.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% our Insect Diagnostician here at Montana State 02:01.400 --> 02:03.466 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% University, does a great job. 02:03.466 --> 02:05.333 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Tonight we have a special guest. 02:05.333 --> 02:07.433 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% Tonight's guest is Vince Smith. 02:07.433 --> 02:09.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Vince is a Ag Economist, he's been on the program 02:09.800 --> 02:11.500 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% many times before. 02:11.500 --> 02:13.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Tonight, we'll introduce him in a minute 02:13.533 --> 02:14.933 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% and let him talk about it a little bit more, 02:14.933 --> 02:18.200 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% but he's gonna talk a little bit more about a special grant 02:18.200 --> 02:21.766 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% that Montana State University and specifically Vince Smith 02:21.766 --> 02:24.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% and Wendy Stock received from the Coke Foundation 02:24.633 --> 02:25.800 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% here recently. 02:25.800 --> 02:27.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% And I think most of you know Don Mathre. 02:27.900 --> 02:31.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% Don has been here about as long as I have. 02:31.166 --> 02:33.633 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% Don is also a Plant Pathologist and he will be 02:33.633 --> 02:37.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% answering questions about plant pathology this evening. 02:37.000 --> 02:40.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% Introducing the panel, or the phone operators, 02:40.066 --> 02:42.933 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:24.38% we have Dylan Mangel, Nancy Blake, 02:42.933 --> 02:45.366 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% and Cheryl Moore-Gough, okay. 02:48.333 --> 02:50.666 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% I think everybody knows Cheryl, too. 02:50.666 --> 02:53.133 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% Vince, congratulations on a great grant. 02:53.133 --> 02:55.500 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - [Vince] Well thank you, we're very excited about it. 02:55.500 --> 02:57.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Well, I can understand why and you well should be. 02:57.666 --> 03:00.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% You deserve a lot of accreditation for that. 03:00.800 --> 03:03.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% But tell us a little bit about how it came about 03:03.533 --> 03:06.266 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% and what you're going to do briefly, 03:06.266 --> 03:07.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% and then we'll get into some questions that have 03:07.900 --> 03:09.166 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% already come in for them. 03:09.166 --> 03:12.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - Well, the Foundation and the Coke Foundation and MSU 03:12.000 --> 03:15.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% initially were talking about a buildings grant, 03:15.000 --> 03:18.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% but that's not really what the Coke Foundations does. 03:18.700 --> 03:21.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% But they were very excited about the University. 03:21.900 --> 03:25.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% They saw great possibilities at the University. 03:25.133 --> 03:29.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And so after a little while, they contacted myself 03:30.366 --> 03:32.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and a couple of other people in the Department 03:32.966 --> 03:34.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% and they said, "What do you think are 03:34.366 --> 03:35.933 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% "important issues in society?" 03:35.933 --> 03:38.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% And we said, "Regulation, because it touches 03:38.233 --> 03:41.400 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% "every facet of everyday life." 03:41.400 --> 03:44.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% We moved forward and we worked with the MSU Foundation 03:44.800 --> 03:47.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% and with the university administration for whom we have 03:47.200 --> 03:51.600 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% a great appreciation for their help and their importance. 03:51.600 --> 03:55.400 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% In the end, the proposal was put forward 03:55.400 --> 03:57.733 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% it was very broad and they said, "We really do like 03:57.733 --> 04:00.700 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% "this idea of having a program that looks 04:00.700 --> 04:04.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% "at regulatory issues, not from any given perspective 04:04.600 --> 04:07.666 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% "or ideology, but helping people understand 04:07.666 --> 04:11.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% "what regulations do, who benefits from them, 04:11.500 --> 04:14.166 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% "who is gonna be impacted from them. 04:14.166 --> 04:16.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% "Whether it's a child in school or whether it's 04:16.600 --> 04:18.833 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% "the school teacher, whether it's a healthcare 04:18.833 --> 04:22.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% "professional or a patient in the healthcare industry, 04:22.133 --> 04:25.966 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% "whether it's a farmer or a consumer of food products." 04:25.966 --> 04:29.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - What's this Center going to be called? 04:29.366 --> 04:31.966 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% - Well, the proposed Center, it's a proposed Center. 04:31.966 --> 04:33.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - [Jack] I understand that, yeah. 04:33.233 --> 04:35.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - Because the Board of Regents has to approve 04:35.166 --> 04:39.266 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% the Center and we are very respectful of that process, 04:39.266 --> 04:42.000 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% it's a very important process. 04:42.000 --> 04:44.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% It'll be called the Center for Regulatory 04:44.566 --> 04:47.266 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% and Applied Economic Analysis. 04:47.266 --> 04:50.566 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% The Applied Economic Analysis reflects the strength 04:50.566 --> 04:53.200 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% of my colleagues in the department. 04:53.200 --> 04:56.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% We're very fortunate in our department to have 04:56.900 --> 05:01.366 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% a whole bunch of nationally recognized researchers 05:01.366 --> 05:05.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% who are also really devoted to teaching as well 05:05.066 --> 05:06.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% and that's a neat piece of the grant. 05:06.933 --> 05:10.400 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% The neat piece of the grant is that the mission statement, 05:10.400 --> 05:13.200 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% if I might read the mission statement, it's not something 05:13.200 --> 05:14.800 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% I usually do when I'm on this show, 05:14.800 --> 05:16.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% but let me read the mission statement. 05:16.966 --> 05:20.366 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% The mission is to engage undergraduate 05:20.366 --> 05:23.200 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% with faculty in academic research, 05:24.500 --> 05:28.100 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% and the emphasis is on academic research 05:28.100 --> 05:29.533 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% that will further the understanding 05:29.533 --> 05:32.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% of economic regulation and policy's impact 05:32.166 --> 05:34.766 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% on society's well-being. 05:34.766 --> 05:36.666 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - A great chance for students down the line. 05:36.666 --> 05:40.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Oh absolutely, we have funding within the grant 05:40.666 --> 05:43.966 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% that we believe will support up to 20 or more students 05:43.966 --> 05:47.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% every year to participate in research with faculty 05:47.600 --> 05:49.200 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% from across the University. 05:49.200 --> 05:51.533 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - Sounds great, we'll come back to more questions 05:51.533 --> 05:53.133 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% that we have here. 05:53.133 --> 05:55.266 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% - Let's start with Laurie tonight. 05:55.266 --> 05:58.466 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% And everybody in the fall has problems with earwigs. 05:58.466 --> 06:00.233 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% This person is from Bozeman. 06:00.233 --> 06:01.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% Is there anything you can do to keep earwigs 06:01.700 --> 06:02.600 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% out of the garden? 06:02.600 --> 06:04.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% I understand they don't do a lot of damage, 06:04.233 --> 06:06.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% but they don't look very friendly, or pretty. 06:06.733 --> 06:08.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - Yeah, we've had a lot of earwig calls 06:08.766 --> 06:12.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in the last few weeks and just a huge number compared 06:12.600 --> 06:16.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% to the last few years and the one thing you could do is 06:16.433 --> 06:19.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% really just provide some alternate habitat for 'em. 06:19.200 --> 06:20.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I mean they just, anything you could provide 06:20.900 --> 06:23.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% like some rolled up newspaper that's wet down 06:23.800 --> 06:26.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% or some corrugated cardboard and try to keep 06:26.466 --> 06:28.233 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% the conditions dry if you can. 06:28.233 --> 06:32.966 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% And then produce that area with like the corrugated 06:32.966 --> 06:35.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% cardboard and give 'em somewhere dark and wet to hide 06:35.700 --> 06:37.033 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:24.38% and then keep everywhere else dry. 06:37.033 --> 06:38.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - How long are they gonna be around? 06:38.500 --> 06:40.433 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% - [Laurie] Not too much longer, yeah, yup. 06:40.433 --> 06:41.600 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5% - Okay, sounds good. 06:41.600 --> 06:45.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% Toby, a quick question from north of Shelby, 06:45.166 --> 06:48.400 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% when is the best time to plant apple trees? 06:48.400 --> 06:50.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - You can plant apple trees this fall. 06:50.633 --> 06:53.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Usually spring and fall are the best times to plant 06:53.466 --> 06:55.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% as the trees are starting to go dormant this fall 06:55.400 --> 06:57.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% would be a good time, if you can find 'em, 06:57.466 --> 07:00.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% a lot of nurseries aren't carrying them. 07:00.000 --> 07:01.366 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% You might be able to find some good deals though, 07:01.366 --> 07:02.966 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% 'cause they're trying to get rid of 'em. 07:02.966 --> 07:06.866 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - Okay, my question to you, bare root or boxed, 07:08.200 --> 07:10.133 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% or barreled or kegged? 07:10.133 --> 07:13.000 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - (Laughing) Okay, so there's really only two ways 07:13.000 --> 07:14.900 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% you're gonna find those apple trees, one is bare root, 07:14.900 --> 07:17.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% you're only gonna find those in the spring 07:17.066 --> 07:19.766 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% because they're dug up in the spring when they're dormant. 07:19.766 --> 07:21.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% And then you'll have potted, and so if you have 07:21.966 --> 07:23.566 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% a potted tree that's what you're gonna be purchasing 07:23.566 --> 07:25.466 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% this year and that's the only thing 07:25.466 --> 07:27.066 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% you're gonna be able to find. 07:27.066 --> 07:29.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - You know, I've put in bare root trees 07:29.133 --> 07:31.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% and it takes 'em a while to get started, doesn't it? 07:31.600 --> 07:34.366 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% - It takes any tree a little bit of time to get started, 07:34.366 --> 07:36.400 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% but yes, a bare root tree will take a little bit more time 07:36.400 --> 07:39.433 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% than what's in a pot because when it's dug 07:39.433 --> 07:41.333 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% you're losing some of the root systems, so it takes 07:41.333 --> 07:43.366 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% a little bit of time for that root system to reestablish. 07:43.366 --> 07:45.266 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% - All right, sounds good. 07:45.266 --> 07:48.700 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Vince, this came in from Scobey. 07:48.700 --> 07:51.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% They wanna know what AG regulations are you considering 07:51.533 --> 07:54.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% looking at and how would that affect Montana? 07:54.533 --> 07:58.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Well, right at the top of the list are the use 07:58.300 --> 08:01.400 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% of toxic chemicals and biocontrols in relation 08:01.400 --> 08:03.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% to controlling pests, it's a major issue, 08:03.866 --> 08:05.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% it's an important issue, 08:05.800 --> 08:08.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% it's the issue that really matters. 08:10.600 --> 08:13.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% There are many examples where getting a biocontrol 08:13.400 --> 08:15.766 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% approved has taken longer than getting 08:15.766 --> 08:17.300 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% a toxic chemical approved. 08:17.300 --> 08:20.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% And it's very important for us to understand 08:20.133 --> 08:22.266 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% how those regulations work. 08:22.266 --> 08:26.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% Is the time being taken a suitable approach? 08:26.366 --> 08:30.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Or in healthcare we know that from getting a drug 08:32.766 --> 08:35.000 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% sort of proposed for consideration to having 08:35.000 --> 08:37.300 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% the Food and Drug Administration approve 08:37.300 --> 08:41.900 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% that pharmaceutical for use can be a very long time. 08:41.900 --> 08:45.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% We're seeing very long periods of time elapse 08:46.666 --> 08:50.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% for the approval of biocontrols that might replace 08:50.600 --> 08:54.766 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% toxic chemicals and we have a set of very stringent 08:56.533 --> 09:01.400 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% State and Federal regulations on some of the toxic chemicals 09:01.400 --> 09:03.433 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% that are needed to control some of the pests. 09:03.433 --> 09:05.533 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - Oh absolutely, we'd be in a world of hurt without 'em. 09:05.533 --> 09:06.633 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% - Exactly. 09:06.633 --> 09:10.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% - Don from Missoula, this person recently dug their carrots 09:10.833 --> 09:13.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% and they noticed some kind of a white growth 09:13.166 --> 09:16.133 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% near the top of the carrots. 09:16.133 --> 09:19.166 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% Are they edible, is there anything to worry about? 09:19.166 --> 09:21.833 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - Well, you probably wanna cut off that white growth 09:21.833 --> 09:24.833 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% because that's caused by a fungus called just white mold 09:24.833 --> 09:28.000 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% or Sclerotinia, it's a very common soil-born fungus 09:28.000 --> 09:31.833 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% that gets into sunflowers and beans and all kinds of crops. 09:31.833 --> 09:34.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% I have the most problem with it in carrots 09:34.133 --> 09:36.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% that I dig and then put into storage. 09:36.200 --> 09:37.066 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% - [Jack] Right. 09:37.066 --> 09:39.633 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - It's slow-growing, but if you put 'em under 09:39.633 --> 09:42.633 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% say high moisture, you're probably gonna have white mold 09:42.633 --> 09:45.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% and when you go to get that carrot out to eat it, 09:45.066 --> 09:47.333 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% the fungus will have eaten it first. 09:47.333 --> 09:49.900 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% - So, how do you store carrots? 09:49.900 --> 09:51.166 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% - Well, here's what I do. 09:51.166 --> 09:54.633 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% I dig 'em up, I wash them and then I cut off the top 09:54.633 --> 09:57.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% about a 1/4 inch below the crown of the plant, 09:57.100 --> 10:00.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% put it in a plastic bag that has some holes. 10:00.000 --> 10:02.700 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% And then put it in a refrigerator or other place 10:02.700 --> 10:06.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% where it's about say 40 to 45 degrees, 10:06.500 --> 10:08.766 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% and they will keep until May, 10:08.766 --> 10:10.666 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% if the white mold doesn't get 'em. 10:10.666 --> 10:12.033 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30% - Why the holes? 10:12.033 --> 10:14.000 align:start position:38.75% line:79.33% size:22.5% - Oh, so the humidity isn't 100%. 10:14.000 --> 10:15.500 align:start position:44.38% line:79.33% size:9.38% - Oh. - This fungus likes it 10:15.500 --> 10:18.300 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% really, really moist, and you want it down 10:18.300 --> 10:21.400 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% in the 70 or 80% moisture. 10:21.400 --> 10:23.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - Okay, interesting question Vince, 10:23.200 --> 10:26.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% and this came in from Manhattan. 10:26.133 --> 10:29.400 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% This person says, the Coke Foundation probably leans 10:29.400 --> 10:31.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% toward a market environment in which there are 10:31.466 --> 10:33.333 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% fewer regulations. 10:33.333 --> 10:37.566 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% Is this going to be a focus of this Center's research? 10:37.566 --> 10:39.000 align:start position:44.38% line:79.33% size:9.38% - No. - Okay. 10:39.000 --> 10:43.500 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - The focus of the Center's research is on understanding 10:43.500 --> 10:45.600 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% the impacts of regulation 10:46.433 --> 10:48.966 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% and there are times when 10:48.966 --> 10:52.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% we look at activity that is not regulated. 10:52.066 --> 10:55.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Regulations can be good, they can be very good, 10:55.866 --> 11:00.133 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% they can be targeted towards an objective but perhaps 11:00.133 --> 11:02.266 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% not in the best possible way. 11:02.266 --> 11:04.666 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% There are some regulations that may exist 11:04.666 --> 11:07.733 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% that are actually not good. 11:07.733 --> 11:10.166 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% The Center will look at all of those issues, 11:10.166 --> 11:12.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% there is no political agenda here. 11:12.700 --> 11:15.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% There's no particular ideological agenda. 11:15.766 --> 11:18.733 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% The agenda is to help everybody understand better 11:18.733 --> 11:22.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% the consequences of what are often very obscure regulations. 11:22.433 --> 11:25.866 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - In that respect, are you going to focus on regulations 11:25.866 --> 11:29.400 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% that affect Montana and the West or will you be looking 11:29.400 --> 11:32.566 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% at agricultural relations nationwide? 11:32.566 --> 11:34.333 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% - Well, we'll be looking at regulations 11:34.333 --> 11:36.500 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% in a variety of areas. 11:36.500 --> 11:40.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% We have four or five major areas, agriculture, 11:40.500 --> 11:42.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% which is the top of my list because I am 11:42.400 --> 11:46.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% an Agricultural Economist, healthcare, the regulatory 11:46.600 --> 11:48.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% structures in the healthcare industry, 11:48.933 --> 11:50.766 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% technology regulation. 11:50.766 --> 11:51.733 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% - [Jack] Good one. 11:51.733 --> 11:54.466 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - A really important area, where regulation often impedes 11:54.466 --> 11:56.500 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% the adoption of useful technologies, 11:56.500 --> 11:58.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% but sometimes facilitates them. 11:58.833 --> 12:02.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% So finance, which does relate to agriculture. 12:03.800 --> 12:06.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% Financial regulation can affect the ability 12:06.066 --> 12:08.533 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% of small, rural banks to make loans. 12:08.533 --> 12:11.033 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% And that's a real question for the agricultural sector 12:11.033 --> 12:13.400 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% but it also interfaces with regulation 12:13.400 --> 12:17.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% of the financial sector, education, all of those areas. 12:18.966 --> 12:21.733 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% - Okay, sounds good, thanks Vince. 12:21.733 --> 12:24.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% Toby, from Great Falls, they have Caraganas, 12:24.900 --> 12:27.300 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% they need pruning, when? 12:27.300 --> 12:30.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - Well Caragana is pretty much a weed in Montana 12:30.000 --> 12:32.466 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% and I remember Bob saying that you prune 12:32.466 --> 12:34.766 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% when the knife is sharp. 12:34.766 --> 12:39.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So, I would and really you can prune 'em any time. 12:39.400 --> 12:42.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% This fall would be a good time to prune 'em, first thing 12:42.133 --> 12:44.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% in the spring, it really doesn't matter, they'll grow back. 12:44.866 --> 12:45.700 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% - [Jack] Okay. 12:45.700 --> 12:47.800 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - If they don't grow back, it'd be kind of a miracle. 12:47.800 --> 12:49.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% - I would agree with you there. 12:49.533 --> 12:54.100 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% Don, from Bozeman, and Toby too, whoever wants to jump in. 12:54.100 --> 12:56.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% And this is the time of year you expect this. 12:56.266 --> 12:59.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% She has a 20 year old Colorado blue spruce, 12:59.500 --> 13:02.800 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% she had noticed that the most branches near the interior 13:02.800 --> 13:05.533 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% three feet of each branch has dead needles, 13:05.533 --> 13:06.933 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% the tips are still green. 13:06.933 --> 13:10.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% IS this excessive needle dry off or is it normal? 13:10.633 --> 13:12.700 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - I'll let Toby jump in on this, but to me 13:12.700 --> 13:14.033 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% it sounds very normal. 13:14.033 --> 13:17.066 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% - It is very normal yeah, this is a seasonal needle drop, 13:17.066 --> 13:19.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% we're seeing it all across the state. 13:19.500 --> 13:22.166 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% So, we're seeing a lot of orange and yellow needles, 13:22.166 --> 13:23.433 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% they're gonna drop. 13:23.433 --> 13:25.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% It's a defense mechanism going into winter, 13:25.533 --> 13:28.033 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% so the tree is just responding right now 13:28.033 --> 13:29.400 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% to a pretty good season. 13:29.400 --> 13:31.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% So usually when you have good seasons, 13:31.233 --> 13:34.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% you see some needle drop going into winter. 13:34.066 --> 13:36.066 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% So, I wouldn't worry about it. 13:36.066 --> 13:39.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - Okay Laurie, this one, I don't know much 13:41.266 --> 13:43.866 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% about yellow jackets, but this came in from Bozeman. 13:43.866 --> 13:47.400 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% And they say, since the yellow jacket queen overwinters, 13:47.400 --> 13:50.833 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% will the nest the next year develop in the same place? 13:50.833 --> 13:53.566 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% - No, it might be close to that area, 13:53.566 --> 13:57.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% but all the workers die and that nest is abandoned 13:57.033 --> 14:00.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% and she will make a new nest, probably, yeah probably 14:00.133 --> 14:01.733 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% pretty close, so I would keep a look out, 14:01.733 --> 14:02.966 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% but not in the same spot. 14:02.966 --> 14:04.533 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% - Where does she overwinter? 14:04.533 --> 14:08.000 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - In leaf litter, in protected areas, yeah. 14:08.000 --> 14:10.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - Okay, they also want to know do you need to knock down 14:10.600 --> 14:12.633 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% the old nests for any reason at all? 14:12.633 --> 14:16.033 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% Not really, but if you do have, if it's the Western 14:16.033 --> 14:19.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% yellow jacket, then it's a good thing to get traps. 14:19.666 --> 14:21.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% They have Western yellow jacket specific traps 14:21.700 --> 14:24.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% that you get at the hardware store or a nursery 14:24.366 --> 14:27.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% and if you get those traps up in April, 14:27.133 --> 14:29.600 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% before the nests really start to develop 14:29.600 --> 14:31.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% then you can really take care of the Western 14:31.233 --> 14:33.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% yellow jackets, help to control 'em easier. 14:33.200 --> 14:34.500 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% - So, where do you put 'em? 14:34.500 --> 14:36.900 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% - You can put 'em, it depends on where the nest was. 14:36.900 --> 14:38.833 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% Because usually the Western yellow jacket nests 14:38.833 --> 14:40.966 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% you can't see where they are, 14:40.966 --> 14:43.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% so that might not be a Western yellow jacket nest 14:43.100 --> 14:44.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% if you could see it, but you could put it anywhere 14:44.766 --> 14:47.366 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% on your porch or yeah, anywhere. 14:47.366 --> 14:50.733 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% They'll come, it has the pheromones that'll 14:50.733 --> 14:53.233 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - Laurie, it makes it sound like yellow jackets are 14:53.233 --> 14:56.433 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% a bad thing, is there anything good about yellow jackets? 14:56.433 --> 14:58.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Yeah actually, Whitney Cranshaw would argue with you 14:58.266 --> 14:59.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% about the Western yellow jacket, he said, "That one's 14:59.533 --> 15:00.600 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% "just a jerk." 15:00.600 --> 15:02.166 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% He'd just say. (laughter) 15:02.166 --> 15:04.566 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% I can't really see why that yellow jacket could be good 15:04.566 --> 15:06.633 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% but a lot of the bald-faced, the other ones 15:06.633 --> 15:09.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% like the bald-faced hornet and the aerial yellow jacket, 15:09.700 --> 15:11.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% yeah, they are predators and they bring in, 15:11.933 --> 15:14.300 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% they kill a lot of really bad pests in the garden too, 15:14.300 --> 15:15.833 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% so they're beneficial. 15:15.833 --> 15:17.333 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% It's mostly the Western yellow jacket 15:17.333 --> 15:18.766 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% that's more of a nuisance. 15:18.766 --> 15:20.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Now the Western yellow jackets are the ones 15:20.733 --> 15:24.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% that if you're eating outside are on your food 15:24.500 --> 15:27.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% in your pop can, there's a lot of other things 15:27.333 --> 15:30.100 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% that mimic or look like them to a lot of different people. 15:30.100 --> 15:31.233 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% - Pop or beer? 15:31.233 --> 15:33.366 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% - Oh, well either one, but usually pop, 15:33.366 --> 15:35.300 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% because of the sugar, but yes. 15:35.300 --> 15:36.133 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:13.13% - Okay. 15:36.133 --> 15:37.700 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% - In your case a beer can. 15:37.700 --> 15:39.000 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% - Yeah, it probably would be. 15:39.000 --> 15:40.333 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% All right, from Great Falls, Vince, 15:40.333 --> 15:43.500 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% this person wants to know are you going to examine 15:43.500 --> 15:47.833 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% NAFTA and that Pacific Trade thing that's being proposed 15:47.833 --> 15:49.133 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% right now? 15:49.133 --> 15:52.033 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - We are largely going to be focused on regulations 15:52.033 --> 15:56.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% that directly affect U. S. industries in the U. S. 15:57.100 --> 16:01.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% The trade issue is a complex issue and it's an area 16:01.233 --> 16:03.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that I actually write on occasionally, personally. 16:03.966 --> 16:06.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% But it's not a major focus of the Center. 16:06.333 --> 16:07.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Okay, sounds good. 16:07.833 --> 16:11.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Don, from Billings, they have a maple tree 16:11.100 --> 16:13.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% that is very dry and the branches are breaking 16:13.533 --> 16:14.533 align:start position:38.75% line:84.67% size:22.5% on one side. 16:15.766 --> 16:17.833 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% Any idea what that might be? 16:17.833 --> 16:21.100 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - Ooh, I wonder which side, is it the one downwind 16:21.100 --> 16:22.333 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% or upwind? 16:22.333 --> 16:24.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% - [Jack] Or sunny side, possibly? 16:24.000 --> 16:25.700 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% - No, maples are really pretty strong. 16:25.700 --> 16:28.633 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% I'm surprised that they would be breaking 16:28.633 --> 16:31.433 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% without something hitting them or something like that. 16:31.433 --> 16:32.700 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30% Toby, any ideas? 16:32.700 --> 16:34.866 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - Possibly a silver maple, silver maples 16:34.866 --> 16:37.366 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% kind of self-prune, they're kind of the wimpiest 16:37.366 --> 16:38.533 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% of the maples. 16:39.433 --> 16:41.466 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% So, I have a huge one in my back yard 16:41.466 --> 16:45.133 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% and it seems like about every windstorm I'm picking up 16:45.133 --> 16:48.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% a little bit of branches that are on the ground. 16:48.400 --> 16:50.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% But yeah, if it's on the south side it could 16:50.900 --> 16:54.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% just be dry, I think is the bigger issue. 16:54.366 --> 16:57.666 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - Vince, didn't know where this one came from 16:57.666 --> 17:00.966 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% but they want to know why the focus 17:00.966 --> 17:05.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% of the proposed Center is on regulation specifically. 17:06.533 --> 17:08.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - Well to be truthful? - Yeah. 17:08.166 --> 17:09.833 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5% - Which I should be. 17:10.966 --> 17:13.800 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% The focus is on regulation because 17:15.900 --> 17:18.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% I perceive regulation to matter 17:18.600 --> 17:20.200 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% in every aspect of our lives, 17:20.200 --> 17:22.900 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% or almost every aspect of our lives. 17:22.900 --> 17:24.733 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% It is a pervasive issue. 17:24.733 --> 17:28.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% It's also an issue that my colleagues in my department 17:28.133 --> 17:31.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% have spent a lot of time looking at and I wanted 17:31.400 --> 17:34.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% to focus the Center and Wendy and I wanted to focus 17:34.900 --> 17:38.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% the Center around issues that my colleagues 17:38.633 --> 17:42.800 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% who are really gifted colleagues can bring 17:42.800 --> 17:45.033 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% their expertise to bear on. 17:46.033 --> 17:49.000 align:start position:38.75% line:79.33% size:22.5% So that it's important for Montana, 17:49.000 --> 17:52.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% it's an important set of issues for the region, 17:52.800 --> 17:54.866 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% it's important for the nation. 17:54.866 --> 17:57.000 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% And we have an opportunity here to take 17:57.000 --> 18:00.033 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% our expertise, look at a set of questions 18:00.033 --> 18:02.200 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% that we're good at looking at. 18:02.200 --> 18:04.100 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% And when I say we, I don't mean me, 18:04.100 --> 18:06.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% I mean my colleagues in the department 18:06.366 --> 18:09.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% and beyond the department, because this grant will help 18:09.000 --> 18:11.766 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% support people in political science, and sociology 18:11.766 --> 18:14.333 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% and engineering, and the business school. 18:14.333 --> 18:17.766 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% We're definitively targeting our approach 18:19.333 --> 18:23.566 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% so that we will take this money, have a grant application 18:23.566 --> 18:27.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% process from across the University and make awards 18:27.366 --> 18:30.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% so that people, gifted faculty, whether they're 18:30.066 --> 18:34.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% in my department, plant science in a collaborative work, 18:34.300 --> 18:38.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% or whether they're in engineering, can work together 18:38.433 --> 18:41.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% and provide important useful insights 18:41.233 --> 18:43.766 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% for policymakers, for interest groups, 18:43.766 --> 18:48.533 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% for the local community, for the city commission, and so on. 18:48.533 --> 18:52.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - Now once, assuming that this Center will be approved 18:52.000 --> 18:56.166 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% by the Board of Regents, how long is that funding good for? 18:57.933 --> 18:59.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - All right, we have an initial set of funding 18:59.866 --> 19:01.033 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% for five years. 19:02.533 --> 19:06.500 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% And roughly it's about $5.8 million grant and roughly 19:06.500 --> 19:08.433 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% $1 million a year, just a little bit over. 19:08.433 --> 19:09.600 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% - [Jack] You can do a lot with that. 19:09.600 --> 19:10.500 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% Don, yeah. 19:10.500 --> 19:12.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - Vince, the name of this proposed Center really is 19:12.600 --> 19:15.000 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% quite long, have you condensed it down 19:15.000 --> 19:17.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% into a nice easy to remember acronym? 19:17.800 --> 19:18.733 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 19:18.733 --> 19:20.133 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% Like ARF or BARF or whatever? 19:20.133 --> 19:22.533 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 19:22.533 --> 19:26.100 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - Well, the acronym story is quite complicated. 19:26.100 --> 19:29.633 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% We had a slightly different arrangement of the letters 19:29.633 --> 19:32.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% and in Spanish apparently it was not a very polite word. 19:32.433 --> 19:33.766 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 19:33.766 --> 19:37.933 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% And we absolutely have no interest in offending anybody. 19:38.833 --> 19:42.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% So it's CREA, it's a very strange acronym but 19:46.433 --> 19:50.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% when you have regulate an "R" in the initials 19:50.833 --> 19:53.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% and a "C" you're already behind the eight ball 19:53.533 --> 19:56.100 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% to find a good set of acronyms. 19:57.233 --> 19:59.566 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% - But now knowing economists, they're gonna work at it 19:59.566 --> 20:01.866 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% and they'll find something appropriate I would suspect. 20:01.866 --> 20:04.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - Well yeah, the Good Work Place is what I hope 20:04.066 --> 20:05.166 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% it turns out to be. 20:05.166 --> 20:06.433 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88% - It sounds good. 20:06.433 --> 20:10.166 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% Toby, from Manhattan, this person's apricot tree produced 20:10.166 --> 20:13.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% fruit three years ago and then again this year. 20:13.466 --> 20:16.033 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% Is it normal to have a three year gap 20:16.033 --> 20:17.533 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% in apricot production? 20:17.533 --> 20:19.533 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - Uh, well yeah, 'cause if you had a good production 20:19.533 --> 20:21.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% this year then you're probably not gonna have 20:21.400 --> 20:23.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% as much production next year. 20:23.633 --> 20:26.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Also you can get, a lot of times it just gets frozen out. 20:26.633 --> 20:29.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So, it is cyclic, whether or not it's every three years 20:29.466 --> 20:30.566 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% it's really just whether or not 20:30.566 --> 20:32.233 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% we have the right conditions. 20:32.233 --> 20:35.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% So, if the tree produces a lot of apricots one year, 20:35.900 --> 20:37.866 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% it's not going to the next year. 20:37.866 --> 20:41.566 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% It could be any environmental issue with the apricots. 20:41.566 --> 20:44.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% We used to say you get apricots once every eight years, 20:44.100 --> 20:45.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% so if you're getting 'em every three years, 20:45.566 --> 20:46.966 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% you're doing pretty good. 20:46.966 --> 20:48.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - And with that saying, maybe global warming has 20:48.833 --> 20:50.166 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% an influence on that? 20:50.166 --> 20:52.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - Well you know, longer seasons and milder winters 20:52.500 --> 20:54.300 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% or however you want to call it, but yeah. 20:54.300 --> 20:55.966 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% There are things are a-changing. 20:55.966 --> 20:57.200 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% - [Jack] Yeah they have changed. 20:57.200 --> 20:58.366 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% - And we'll get more apricots. 20:58.366 --> 20:59.666 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Don, you got apricots this year. 20:59.666 --> 21:01.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - We've had apricot trees for 40 years 21:01.200 --> 21:03.600 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% and I'll bet over that time we've had six crops. 21:03.600 --> 21:04.800 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:16.88% - Oh wow. 21:04.800 --> 21:06.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - But most of those have been in the last 10 years. 21:06.900 --> 21:07.733 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:13.13% - Yeah. 21:07.733 --> 21:09.266 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - And the crop that we had this year were 21:09.266 --> 21:12.333 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% unbelievably sweet, juicy, and tasty. 21:12.333 --> 21:14.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% They weren't huge, but boy were they good eating. 21:14.766 --> 21:16.500 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% - So Don, you waited 40 years, 21:16.500 --> 21:18.466 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% and you actually got a good crop? 21:18.466 --> 21:21.300 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - Well, it's a nice-looking tree as an ornamental tree 21:21.300 --> 21:24.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% and nice fall colors and it's very winter-hardy 21:24.666 --> 21:26.833 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5% as far as surviving. 21:26.833 --> 21:29.266 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% That's not an issue, it's whether those blossoms 21:29.266 --> 21:31.033 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% get frozen out in the spring. 21:31.033 --> 21:33.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - And it is, this year was a phenomenal year 21:33.766 --> 21:35.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% for just about all tree fruits. 21:35.466 --> 21:37.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% So, I have a feeling that we're going to have 21:37.066 --> 21:40.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% less production next year, just because the trees 21:40.233 --> 21:42.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% when they have a lot of production, it kind of wears out 21:42.466 --> 21:44.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% those trees and they're not gonna have as much. 21:44.333 --> 21:46.333 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% They have to build up you know, those sugars 21:46.333 --> 21:49.166 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% in those trees to be able to produce enough flowers 21:49.166 --> 21:51.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% to produce that kind of fruit again, so. 21:51.366 --> 21:52.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% - I noticed something this year, 21:52.833 --> 21:54.266 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% so see whether you can confirm it. 21:54.266 --> 21:57.866 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% We had some blossoms early, like maybe mid-April, 21:57.866 --> 21:59.400 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% or something like that. 21:59.400 --> 22:02.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% And then we had a hard frost after that. 22:02.400 --> 22:04.933 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% But my theory is, if those flowers pollinate 22:04.933 --> 22:07.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% in mid=April, then they can survive a hard frost 22:07.866 --> 22:09.766 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% after the pollination process. 22:09.766 --> 22:10.933 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% Do you think that's right? 22:10.933 --> 22:12.833 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% - That's entirely possible, and when they're 22:12.833 --> 22:16.533 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% in the bud stage or out after pollination, 22:16.533 --> 22:18.566 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% they are probably a little more hardy 22:18.566 --> 22:20.500 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% than if they're in full flower. 22:20.500 --> 22:23.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% Yeah, there's a lot of delicate parts in those flowers 22:23.100 --> 22:25.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% and it only takes one part of that flower 22:25.466 --> 22:27.166 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% and then therefore you're not gonna get fruit. 22:27.166 --> 22:28.000 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% - [Don] Right. 22:28.000 --> 22:29.100 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% - That get's damaged. 22:29.100 --> 22:30.733 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - In other words, you probably really don't want 22:30.733 --> 22:33.166 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% to go into commercial apricot production in Montana. 22:33.166 --> 22:35.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% - No, you sure don't. (laughter) 22:35.533 --> 22:37.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - Laurie, this came in from Bozeman, 22:37.400 --> 22:39.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% and it probably had to do with an article 22:39.066 --> 22:41.566 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% in the Bozeman newspaper here recently. 22:41.566 --> 22:45.100 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% They wanna know, do we have a lot of bedbugs in Bozeman? 22:45.100 --> 22:47.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% And let me extend that, how about the state? 22:47.266 --> 22:49.400 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - Oh, how about the state, yeah that article came out 22:49.400 --> 22:52.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% in the Daily Chronicle last weekend and we have 22:52.833 --> 22:55.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% bedbugs in every state in every county, 22:55.733 --> 22:57.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% just to get that out there. 22:57.733 --> 23:01.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And we have 'em in Bozeman, we have 'em in Gallatin County 23:01.000 --> 23:04.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and since we have so much international travel 23:04.166 --> 23:05.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and just a bunch of travel in general, 23:05.866 --> 23:07.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% bedbugs are excellent hitchhikers. 23:07.433 --> 23:10.333 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% So we have 'em in lots of different areas. 23:10.333 --> 23:14.866 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% They are, we see 'em more in areas where we have 23:14.866 --> 23:17.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% multiple housing units and things of that sort, 23:17.666 --> 23:19.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% but they could pretty much show up anywhere. 23:19.833 --> 23:22.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - And Bozeman is getting a lot more apartments 23:22.733 --> 23:26.300 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% and multiple housing units, so you'd expect to see 23:26.300 --> 23:29.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% possibly more bedbugs showing up in this area? 23:29.033 --> 23:31.666 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - We very well could, yeah, it's the fact that they can, 23:31.666 --> 23:33.166 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% they could show up anywhere. 23:33.166 --> 23:36.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% I mean you could have a completely clean apartment, 23:36.566 --> 23:38.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% it's bedbug free and then someone could bring 'em in. 23:38.600 --> 23:42.833 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% And it's just, there's no tenant/landlord rights there. 23:42.833 --> 23:45.566 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% I mean there's no accountability I should say, so. 23:45.566 --> 23:48.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% - So, assuming somebody finally figured out they had 'em, 23:48.866 --> 23:51.033 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% how easy are they to eradicate? 23:51.033 --> 23:53.733 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - They're pretty difficult, so that's why it's good 23:53.733 --> 23:56.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% to identify 'em at the Schutter Lab, because we do have 23:56.066 --> 23:58.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% bat bugs that look very similar, you have to look 23:58.100 --> 23:59.600 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% under the microscope. 23:59.600 --> 24:01.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% And bat bugs don't really establish in the house 24:01.700 --> 24:03.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% like bedbugs do, but it gets, it could be 24:03.833 --> 24:05.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% pretty expensive to take care of 'em, 24:05.233 --> 24:07.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% because they're resistant to a lot of pesticides, 24:07.166 --> 24:08.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and that's why we've had a resurgence of 'em 24:08.500 --> 24:09.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% in the last 20 years. 24:09.766 --> 24:14.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - All right, Don, this is out of your area of expertise 24:14.100 --> 24:16.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but knowing that you're pretty good at it, 24:16.333 --> 24:19.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% this person wants to know is this a good time of the year 24:19.166 --> 24:23.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% to spray dandelions and other lawn weeds? 24:23.366 --> 24:26.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Well usually, I would say yes, because it's cooling down 24:26.300 --> 24:30.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and that's when they seem to be more susceptible to it. 24:30.466 --> 24:31.900 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% - [Toby] I'd do it soon. 24:31.900 --> 24:35.500 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - Yeah, that season is fast coming to an end, I think. 24:35.500 --> 24:36.500 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% - Before Thursday. 24:36.500 --> 24:38.766 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% - Before Thursday, yes. (laughter) 24:38.766 --> 24:40.866 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - So how do you know that you need to spray, 24:40.866 --> 24:42.966 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% or if you want to get rid of them, you need to spray? 24:42.966 --> 24:44.433 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% - Well that's the individual question 24:44.433 --> 24:46.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% of what your tolerance is for dandelions. 24:46.900 --> 24:49.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% If you don't think you want any, then you better 24:49.000 --> 24:53.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% get after 'em, otherwise I tolerate quite a few, 24:54.000 --> 24:54.900 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% it's too much work. 24:54.900 --> 24:56.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - Yeah, but you don't tolerate thistles 24:56.500 --> 24:57.633 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% and other things very well. 24:57.633 --> 24:58.833 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% - [Don] Right. 24:58.833 --> 25:02.400 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% - So okay, from Three Forks, Vince, 25:02.400 --> 25:05.733 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% this person says when Dr. Smith has all his information 25:05.733 --> 25:08.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% and conclusions for the grant, how and to whom will 25:08.833 --> 25:10.200 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% this be presented? 25:10.200 --> 25:11.233 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% - [Vince] Oh, what a great question. 25:11.233 --> 25:12.066 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% - It is a good question. 25:12.066 --> 25:13.800 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% - It's a good question. 25:13.800 --> 25:16.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% There'll be several lines of research, 25:16.466 --> 25:19.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% several major areas of research, 25:20.233 --> 25:24.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Once the research is done and once the results have been 25:25.633 --> 25:29.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% evaluated through the standard academic process, 25:29.266 --> 25:32.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% the peer review, we will hold workshops around 25:32.966 --> 25:36.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% critical issues for relatively small groups, 25:36.600 --> 25:40.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% three or four a year is the objective right now. 25:40.166 --> 25:43.866 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% And we plan to do one thing, which is to hold 25:43.866 --> 25:47.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% a major conference on a major set of issues 25:47.100 --> 25:49.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% where we have funding within the grant 25:49.666 --> 25:52.666 align:start position:38.75% line:79.33% size:20.63% to bring in world-renowned scholars 25:52.666 --> 25:55.166 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% that will enrich the students experience, 25:55.166 --> 25:57.166 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% the University's environment. 25:57.166 --> 25:59.533 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% And we're gonna do one conference a year 25:59.533 --> 26:01.633 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% that will be that sort of conference, 26:01.633 --> 26:05.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% and we are in the process of planning the first, 26:05.000 --> 26:07.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% which will be some time, we believe in April, 26:07.900 --> 26:10.633 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% and it will be on poverty and how regulation 26:10.633 --> 26:12.866 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% and policy affect poverty. 26:12.866 --> 26:14.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% - Will that be held in Montana? 26:14.533 --> 26:15.800 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% - It will be in Montana. 26:15.800 --> 26:19.166 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% The goal of that conference is to bring 26:19.166 --> 26:23.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% outstanding people here, to this state, 26:23.000 --> 26:25.766 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% to this campus for the most part, 26:26.900 --> 26:30.700 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% to deal with issues that matter to everybody in the state. 26:30.700 --> 26:35.233 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% That's the objective, poverty is a very important issue 26:35.233 --> 26:36.366 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% for this state. 26:36.366 --> 26:39.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% It exists in pockets of every community, 26:39.766 --> 26:43.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% there are people who are being affected by regulations, 26:43.400 --> 26:48.400 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% by policies around poverty, short run and long run. 26:48.400 --> 26:51.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% And so, that sort of major set of issues, 26:53.500 --> 26:58.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% where we can bring in literally world-renowned scholars 26:58.033 --> 27:01.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% to share their insights with everybody is 27:01.633 --> 27:05.300 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% one of the primary objectives of the Center. 27:07.133 --> 27:09.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% We want to do good research, academics love 27:09.966 --> 27:12.133 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% their research, if they're any good at it, 27:12.133 --> 27:13.533 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 27:13.533 --> 27:15.166 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% they love their research. 27:15.166 --> 27:18.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% But we know we need, we are only relevant 27:18.200 --> 27:22.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% when we share what we know through the learning process 27:22.233 --> 27:25.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% with our students, our undergraduate students 27:25.633 --> 27:28.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% and there's a particular focus here with the funds 27:28.200 --> 27:31.966 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% for undergraduate students, and with our graduate students, 27:31.966 --> 27:36.600 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% most of whom come from Montana or at least in my world, 27:36.600 --> 27:39.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% and with the communities that we serve. 27:39.633 --> 27:43.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% That is the Langer mission, and that is part of our mission. 27:43.133 --> 27:44.266 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% - Sounds good, thanks Vince. 27:44.266 --> 27:47.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - This sounds like a fairly unique kind of a Center. 27:47.433 --> 27:49.600 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% Are there any other Centers at other universities 27:49.600 --> 27:52.600 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% around the country that are similar? 27:54.000 --> 27:56.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - Well that's a really good question to which 27:56.433 --> 27:58.300 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% I have no cogent answer. 27:58.300 --> 28:00.466 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 28:01.633 --> 28:05.800 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% The Center was put together by Wendy Stock and myself 28:08.333 --> 28:11.766 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% with a particular sense of what we thought was important 28:11.766 --> 28:15.500 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% for our community and our university. 28:15.500 --> 28:20.466 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% And the Foundation saw our vision and said, "We can be 28:20.466 --> 28:22.633 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% "very supportive of that." 28:22.633 --> 28:25.866 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% They especially appreciated the focus on high-quality 28:25.866 --> 28:30.000 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% academic research, and that is, that has to be 28:30.000 --> 28:34.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% the basis for everything that an academic institution 28:34.566 --> 28:37.666 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% and an academic community and a Center 28:37.666 --> 28:40.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% in an academic community should be about. 28:40.233 --> 28:41.933 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% - I agree with you entirely. 28:41.933 --> 28:44.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% I've been sitting here looking at this cage Laurie, 28:44.233 --> 28:46.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% and I see something moving in there. 28:46.366 --> 28:48.066 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% - Yes, let's bring her out. 28:48.066 --> 28:50.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - [Jack] Yeah well, I'm not sure we want it out, 28:50.233 --> 28:51.066 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:16.88% but well. 28:52.366 --> 28:54.733 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% We'll look and see what Laurie brought for entertainment. 28:54.733 --> 28:57.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - [Toby] Laurie, I'm just gonna step back from you. 28:57.133 --> 28:58.533 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 28:58.533 --> 29:01.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - So this here is a banded garden spider. 29:02.900 --> 29:04.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% And actually someone dropped it off in Bozeman, 29:04.766 --> 29:06.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% and from Bozeman and I was really happy 29:06.966 --> 29:08.566 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% that she wasn't killed. 29:08.566 --> 29:10.100 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% So I got to keep her as a pet. 29:10.100 --> 29:13.266 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% She builds really giant orb webs 29:13.266 --> 29:16.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% and she is silver, I don't know if you could see 29:16.900 --> 29:17.866 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% that very well. 29:17.866 --> 29:18.700 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% - [Vince] How cool. 29:18.700 --> 29:22.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - She's quite large and her, she builds big webs 29:22.300 --> 29:23.700 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% inside the garden. 29:23.700 --> 29:26.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% And the other thing she just did recently, 29:26.400 --> 29:30.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% she just built an egg sac, so this is her little egg sac 29:30.600 --> 29:32.166 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% that she developed. 29:33.233 --> 29:36.166 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% And she just spun that probably three or four days ago, 29:36.166 --> 29:39.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% so she won't make it too much longer past this. 29:39.933 --> 29:42.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% Once she delivers the egg sac, she will, she'll die 29:42.900 --> 29:44.700 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% and the egg sac will overwinter. 29:44.700 --> 29:46.200 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% So, it's a nice pet to have, 29:46.200 --> 29:48.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% and thank you for the woman that dropped it off. 29:48.433 --> 29:50.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - You know Laurie, most people will either have cats 29:50.733 --> 29:52.466 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% or golden retrievers and so forth, 29:52.466 --> 29:54.700 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% but you like the pet insects, huh? 29:54.700 --> 29:55.733 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% - I do, yeah. 29:55.733 --> 29:58.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% My zoo's looking pretty sparse right now, 29:58.233 --> 30:00.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% 'cause I've had a lot of deaths in the family, 30:00.233 --> 30:02.233 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% but yeah, we need to bring some more. 30:02.233 --> 30:03.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - [Toby] If you ever go to her office, 30:03.966 --> 30:05.166 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% she has several insects and she says 30:05.166 --> 30:06.666 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% they're all very cuddly. 30:06.666 --> 30:09.566 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - [Vince] Laurie, that is the most cost-efficient pet 30:09.566 --> 30:10.400 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% I've ever seen. 30:10.400 --> 30:12.200 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 30:12.200 --> 30:14.033 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - I know, you could go away for a couple weeks too, 30:14.033 --> 30:15.833 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% and all you have to do is give 'em a little bit of water, 30:15.833 --> 30:16.900 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% they're great pets. 30:16.900 --> 30:19.266 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - Vince, this question came in from Lewistown 30:19.266 --> 30:23.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% and this person says I'm sure Dr. Smith realizes 30:23.133 --> 30:25.733 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% that the Coke Brothers are the most wealthy conservatives 30:25.733 --> 30:28.766 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% in the nation, so how can he feel that 30:28.766 --> 30:31.933 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:24.38% this is not a political situation? 30:31.933 --> 30:32.933 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% It's a fair question. 30:32.933 --> 30:34.866 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% - It's a fair question. 30:35.733 --> 30:40.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% Here's what I want to emphasize, this grant is 30:40.366 --> 30:44.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% to do academic work that will be peer reviewed, 30:44.733 --> 30:46.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% that will be objective, and that will address 30:46.933 --> 30:48.766 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% questions that matter. 30:50.133 --> 30:54.333 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% For example, I have a current project on regulations 30:55.800 --> 30:59.633 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% that affect the efficiency with which our national 30:59.633 --> 31:02.733 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% emergency food aid dollars are used to help 31:02.733 --> 31:04.433 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% the rest of the world. 31:04.433 --> 31:08.066 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% That research is actually, my colleague who is working 31:08.066 --> 31:10.933 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% on that research is funded directly and indirectly 31:10.933 --> 31:15.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% by the Gates Foundation and supported by Oxfam. 31:15.033 --> 31:19.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% My part of that work is supported by a different grant. 31:20.200 --> 31:23.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% The objective here is to understand how regulations 31:23.000 --> 31:26.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% created by Congress in this case, are reducing 31:26.566 --> 31:29.866 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% the effectiveness of every dollar by about 1/3 31:29.866 --> 31:32.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% that we budget for food aid, in terms of helping 31:32.233 --> 31:36.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% these desperately poor people around the world, 31:36.466 --> 31:38.466 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% in Haiti, in Bangladesh, 31:39.866 --> 31:40.933 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% in the Sudan, 31:42.466 --> 31:44.100 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:16.88% in Syria, 31:44.100 --> 31:44.933 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% in Aleppo. 31:46.666 --> 31:50.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% And the purpose of this grant is to enable us to do 31:52.466 --> 31:56.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% objective research that contributes usefully 31:58.100 --> 32:02.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% to discussion about regulation, not from any particular 32:03.200 --> 32:05.800 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% part of the political spectrum, and that is 32:05.800 --> 32:08.233 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% extremely clear to everybody. 32:08.233 --> 32:12.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% And it's actually stated in a publicly available 32:12.733 --> 32:15.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% document which is the Memorandum of Understanding 32:15.833 --> 32:19.600 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% between the University and the Coke Foundation. 32:19.600 --> 32:21.366 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% - Okay, thanks Vince. 32:23.000 --> 32:25.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% We have a couple questions here that have come in 32:25.133 --> 32:27.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% numerous times and there are several different trees 32:27.700 --> 32:30.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% involved, aspens, poplar, choke cherry. 32:32.333 --> 32:35.333 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% They all have a lot of suckers around the base, 32:35.333 --> 32:38.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% and I've had at least five calls in here tonight. 32:38.133 --> 32:40.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% What do you do to not have all these suckers 32:40.766 --> 32:43.100 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% around the base of these trees? 32:43.100 --> 32:45.333 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% I need a solution, Toby. 32:45.333 --> 32:47.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% - The solution is prune 'em out. 32:47.533 --> 32:49.300 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% If they're right on the base of the tree, 32:49.300 --> 32:53.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% You basically prune 'em, hand pruners, loppers, 32:53.533 --> 32:55.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% to get rid of those suckers. 32:55.466 --> 32:57.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% If they're far enough away from the trunk 32:57.133 --> 32:59.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and they're growing in the ground, out of the ground, 32:59.666 --> 33:02.800 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% like aspens do, cottonwoods do, you can spray 33:02.800 --> 33:06.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% broad-leaf herbicide, like 2,4-D-Dicamba up to 33:06.100 --> 33:10.566 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% about four or five feet to that trunk to get rid of those. 33:10.566 --> 33:12.433 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% But yeah, you don't wanna spray the ones 33:12.433 --> 33:15.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% that are on the trunk or you might translocate that 33:15.733 --> 33:18.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% in the tree and actually have a problem with the tree. 33:18.833 --> 33:22.233 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:24.38% - Does mowing stimulate more growth? 33:22.233 --> 33:26.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - Actually, mowing does not, tree health will. 33:26.266 --> 33:29.166 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% So, if a tree is stessed, it's gonna put out more suckers. 33:29.166 --> 33:31.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% And so, that's a good indication that your tree 33:31.433 --> 33:34.133 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% might be stressed, but there are key trees 33:34.133 --> 33:37.066 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% that just put out suckers, Canada choke cherry is 33:37.066 --> 33:41.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% one of 'em, cottonwoods, aspens like you had said, 33:41.133 --> 33:43.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% apple trees a lot of times will put out a lot of suckers. 33:43.700 --> 33:44.533 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% - [Laurie] Green ash. 33:44.533 --> 33:46.166 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% So yeah, green ash would be another. 33:46.166 --> 33:48.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% So there's really, it's just like anything else, 33:48.833 --> 33:50.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% you just gotta prune 'em out once a year. 33:50.600 --> 33:53.833 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - Good enough, this question came in last week, 33:53.833 --> 33:56.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% it came from Laurel, and it came in again this week 33:56.666 --> 33:58.133 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% so I think they wanna know. 33:58.133 --> 34:01.633 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% We don't have a specialist on this particular problem, 34:01.633 --> 34:05.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% but she has mice in her garage, they get into her car. 34:05.133 --> 34:07.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% She says traps are not working, is there a poison 34:07.766 --> 34:09.500 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% she can use to get rid of the mice? 34:09.500 --> 34:12.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - Well, D-Con is the standard, but we looked it up 34:12.766 --> 34:14.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% and there are some other items. 34:14.466 --> 34:18.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% There's a Mouse Blocker, and that's a sonic deterrent. 34:18.466 --> 34:21.300 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% And there's a product called Mouse Away which is 34:21.300 --> 34:24.300 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% a peppermint and spearmint thing that's supposed 34:24.300 --> 34:25.933 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% to deter mice. 34:25.933 --> 34:28.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% And according to Toby, the best product is called 34:28.533 --> 34:30.600 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% Siamese Four. (laughter) 34:30.600 --> 34:32.300 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% Which is four Siamese cats. 34:32.300 --> 34:34.000 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 34:34.000 --> 34:36.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - And really, a cat does work quite well. 34:36.900 --> 34:41.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% But yeah, anti-coagulant, the D-Con type products 34:41.200 --> 34:43.833 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% and there's several different kinds other than D-Con too. 34:43.833 --> 34:47.200 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% They do work well and there are a lot of different sprays 34:47.200 --> 34:49.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% out there that you can put around the perimeter 34:49.566 --> 34:53.300 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% that'll you know, keep mice away, it's a deterrent. 34:53.300 --> 34:55.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% The other thing is too, is that you know, 34:55.400 --> 34:58.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% they like warm vehicles, so if it's in the garage 34:58.533 --> 35:00.033 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% and you're parking the car in the garage 35:00.033 --> 35:03.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% just because I worked a service station for so many years. 35:03.000 --> 35:05.266 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% They like the warm compartment of that car, 35:05.266 --> 35:07.133 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% so a lot of times they can get in the air filters 35:07.133 --> 35:09.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% and chew wires and a lot of other issues. 35:09.133 --> 35:11.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% So you really don't want them in the garage. 35:11.400 --> 35:13.200 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% - That's true. 35:13.200 --> 35:17.900 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% Vince, from Bozeman, are the researchers and the Center 35:17.900 --> 35:21.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% for Regulatory and Applied Economics contractually 35:21.200 --> 35:25.200 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% obligated to publish results in peer reviewed journals 35:25.200 --> 35:28.233 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% similar to Federal funded grants? 35:28.233 --> 35:30.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - The model that we're following is very much 35:30.233 --> 35:34.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% what's called the Embre model, and the expectation is 35:34.066 --> 35:36.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% that people will work and produce research 35:36.500 --> 35:39.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% that is published in peer reviewed articles. 35:39.133 --> 35:42.666 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% We have two types of grant that we're going to put out, 35:42.666 --> 35:45.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% one is for what will be called Center Fellows, 35:45.333 --> 35:48.400 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% and they will be two year grants, and then we will have 35:48.400 --> 35:51.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% another set of grants that are one year grants. 35:51.666 --> 35:55.533 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% If you want to get renewed, you better publish 35:56.833 --> 35:59.433 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% in peer reviewed journals, we will hold people's feet 35:59.433 --> 36:00.500 align:start position:38.75% line:84.67% size:22.5% to the fire. 36:00.500 --> 36:04.400 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% We also have an expectation that recipients of grants 36:04.400 --> 36:07.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% will use the work on the grant to apply for other 36:07.866 --> 36:11.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% external funding, say from USDA or from NIH. 36:13.533 --> 36:18.066 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - Okay Don, from Missoula, I think the same can be said 36:18.066 --> 36:20.066 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% in Bozeman and a lot of other cities. 36:20.066 --> 36:22.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% They notice that a lot of deciduous trees around 36:22.700 --> 36:25.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% the town at this time of the year appear to have 36:25.066 --> 36:28.300 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% a leaf blight, some trees have curled leaves, 36:28.300 --> 36:30.833 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% others appear to have powdery mildew. 36:30.833 --> 36:32.966 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% Is this due to weather or is there something 36:32.966 --> 36:35.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% specific going around to deciduous trees? 36:35.366 --> 36:38.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% = Oh, I think this is definitely weather related. 36:38.100 --> 36:40.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Powdery mildew kind of likes dry conditions 36:40.200 --> 36:43.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% that you see in the fall, you see it on peonies, 36:43.000 --> 36:45.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% or not peonies so much, but lilacs and 36:45.166 --> 36:47.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% a lot of other shrubberies. 36:48.300 --> 36:52.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Caragana really gets it bad, so yeah, 36:52.166 --> 36:54.800 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% it's weather related, nothing to really be 36:54.800 --> 36:58.133 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% too concerned about, 'cause it's the end of the year. 36:58.133 --> 37:00.433 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5% - All right, thanks. 37:00.433 --> 37:03.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% Don and Toby, either one of you guys, 37:05.466 --> 37:07.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% they've talked about putting the garden to bed 37:07.766 --> 37:10.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% in the fall, anything specific? 37:10.833 --> 37:13.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% This person heard it last week, but they forgot 37:13.600 --> 37:15.000 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% and didn't write it down, so. 37:15.000 --> 37:17.233 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (chuckles) 37:17.233 --> 37:21.800 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - There's a lot, so yeah, putting the garden to bed. 37:21.800 --> 37:24.633 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% I gotta tell you that the best gardeners that I know, 37:24.633 --> 37:27.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% ones like Don, probably do more work in the fall 37:27.333 --> 37:29.266 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% than they actually do in the spring. 37:29.266 --> 37:31.066 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% Getting rid of the material out of the garden 37:31.066 --> 37:33.933 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% so that you're not carrying over disease and insects. 37:33.933 --> 37:37.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Thinking about rotation, you know, getting compost 37:37.233 --> 37:40.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% or the nutrients into the soil, there's a lot 37:40.833 --> 37:42.366 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% that really goes on in the fall. 37:42.366 --> 37:44.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% And if you can get farther ahead in the fall, 37:44.400 --> 37:46.400 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% then it's a lot easier in the spring. 37:46.400 --> 37:48.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% But again, I think more work is actually done 37:48.100 --> 37:50.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% in the fall than in the spring. 37:50.833 --> 37:53.600 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% - We're actually gonna flail more the Gallatin Gardener 37:53.600 --> 37:57.500 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% Club garden here in the next week or two, which knocks down 37:57.500 --> 38:01.166 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13% all of the big broccoli stalks, that look like trees now 38:01.166 --> 38:02.566 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% and things like that. 38:02.566 --> 38:05.400 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% And rakes it all up so it'll decompose over the winter. 38:05.400 --> 38:09.500 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% We may actually rototill or spade it during this fall, too. 38:09.500 --> 38:11.766 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% Yeah, so it's a work session now. 38:11.766 --> 38:15.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - It is, and it's you know, you're chasing time, 38:15.700 --> 38:18.200 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% because before we know it, we're gonna have 38:18.200 --> 38:21.300 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% a foot of snow, so get out there and get it done. 38:21.300 --> 38:22.366 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% - I hope not. 38:22.366 --> 38:24.266 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 38:24.266 --> 38:26.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - [Toby] I was thinkin' like maybe Thursday. 38:26.966 --> 38:28.333 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% - You're right. 38:28.333 --> 38:30.066 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - [Toby] Oh dear, I haven't got my snow blower set up yet. 38:30.066 --> 38:32.333 align:start position:40.62% line:79.33% size:18.75% - Now, for agricultural purposes, 38:32.333 --> 38:33.733 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% you always accept the snow. 38:33.733 --> 38:34.833 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% - Absolutely. 38:34.833 --> 38:36.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - For those of us who are getting up in years 38:36.500 --> 38:38.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% and don't like to shovel as much, you're not 38:38.133 --> 38:39.600 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88% as happy with it. 38:40.733 --> 38:43.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% Vince, oh, a little different question, 38:43.500 --> 38:45.233 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% this came out of Choteau. 38:45.233 --> 38:47.966 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% Since our cattle and grain commodities are in the dumps, 38:47.966 --> 38:52.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% do you have any idea when it will be good again? 38:52.200 --> 38:55.266 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% - Oh dear. (laughter) 38:55.266 --> 38:58.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% Well, with apologies, not any time soon is 38:58.166 --> 39:01.700 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% what the markets seem to be saying. 39:01.700 --> 39:04.866 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% For example, Hard Red Spring right now 39:05.800 --> 39:07.633 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% on the Minneapolis Grain Exchange 39:07.633 --> 39:09.800 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% for the December contract, for the futures 39:09.800 --> 39:12.333 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% contract, these are the futures markets, 39:12.333 --> 39:16.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% is around about 5.14, a year from now it's stronger 39:16.900 --> 39:19.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% at 5.67, that's Hard Red Spring Wheat. 39:19.966 --> 39:24.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% For Soft Red White, sorry, for Soft Red Wheat, 39:24.566 --> 39:27.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% not Soft Red White, I'm very confused here. 39:27.600 --> 39:30.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% For Soft Red on the Chicago Exchange 39:32.700 --> 39:36.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% the December contract for this year is at $4, 39:36.766 --> 39:39.800 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% next year's September contract is at 4.60. 39:39.800 --> 39:43.300 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% And that's well below the sort of levels that we've seen 39:43.300 --> 39:47.400 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% since 2007, but above the levels that we saw 39:47.400 --> 39:48.966 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% in the early 2000s. 39:50.266 --> 39:52.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% There is an important issue on wheat and that is 39:52.700 --> 39:56.933 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% that it is very likely that through the two programs 39:56.933 --> 40:00.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% that were introduced in the 2000 Farm Bill called 40:00.266 --> 40:03.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% Agricultural Risk Coverage and Price Loss Coverage, 40:03.700 --> 40:06.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% farmers are gonna receive pretty substantial payments 40:06.133 --> 40:10.233 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% under those programs, because effectively the key price 40:10.233 --> 40:12.900 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% in that story is $5.50. 40:12.900 --> 40:15.966 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% So if the national average price is well below that, 40:15.966 --> 40:19.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% you're gonna receive almost certainly very high payments. 40:19.433 --> 40:23.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - Okay from Havre, I think this goes to Laurie, 40:24.500 --> 40:27.566 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% this person has several Mugo pines with a white growth 40:27.566 --> 40:29.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% running laterally on the needles. 40:29.966 --> 40:33.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% He scraped off some and it's dry, what is it? 40:33.066 --> 40:35.833 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% = That's probably pine needle scale and when you have 40:35.833 --> 40:37.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% really heavy infestations it kind of looks 40:37.600 --> 40:39.133 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5% like bird droppings. 40:39.133 --> 40:41.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But yeah so, they were just active, they're kind 40:41.933 --> 40:44.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% of a cooler season pest, but they just had 40:44.500 --> 40:46.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% some activity a couple weeks ago. 40:46.300 --> 40:48.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So, what you could do is, you could use 40:48.466 --> 40:52.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% some horticultural oil in the dormant season 40:52.133 --> 40:54.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and that would take care of the overwintering females. 40:54.333 --> 40:56.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - [Jack] And that's usually in the spring 40:56.366 --> 40:58.300 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% when you put it on, before they become active? 40:58.300 --> 41:00.300 align:start position:38.75% line:79.33% size:22.5% - Yes, yeah. - Okay. 41:00.300 --> 41:03.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Don, from Victor, this caller had a disease 41:03.766 --> 41:07.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% called aster yellows in her carrots this year. 41:07.133 --> 41:10.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% What can be done to prevent it in the future? 41:10.200 --> 41:14.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Oh boy, well aster yellows is caused by an organism 41:14.533 --> 41:17.533 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% that's kind of related to bacteria. 41:17.533 --> 41:19.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% The main thing I would think she could do, 41:19.733 --> 41:22.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% would be to get rid of that residue so she doesn't have 41:22.233 --> 41:24.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% any source of innoculant for next year. 41:24.833 --> 41:27.333 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% I don't know of any resistant varieties, and I doubt 41:27.333 --> 41:31.600 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% that spraying, though leaf hoppers do spread it. 41:31.600 --> 41:35.266 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% I'm not sure that a spray would probably be worthwhile. 41:35.266 --> 41:37.666 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% My guess is she had it in few plants, 41:37.666 --> 41:39.933 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% but not really severe. 41:39.933 --> 41:42.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% But get rid of that infected residue. 41:42.200 --> 41:43.700 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% - And rotate. 41:43.700 --> 41:44.800 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% - Yeah, always rotate. 41:44.800 --> 41:47.500 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% - Rotation, rotation, rotation. 41:47.500 --> 41:49.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - Vince, this is a term I'm not familiar with, 41:49.766 --> 41:52.466 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% of course I'm far from an economist. 41:52.466 --> 41:55.433 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% This person from Drummond would like you to expand 41:55.433 --> 41:58.200 align:start position:38.75% line:79.33% size:20.63% on the term capability economics. 42:00.333 --> 42:02.366 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - I've heard of Capability Brown the gardener, 42:02.366 --> 42:04.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% but I haven't heard of capability economics, 42:04.666 --> 42:06.866 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% I'm sorry, with apologies. 42:06.866 --> 42:09.966 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - Now the other point of this question is 42:09.966 --> 42:12.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% in your research are you going to take into account 42:12.566 --> 42:14.600 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% at all the quality of life? 42:14.600 --> 42:17.300 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% - Yes, how could you not? 42:17.300 --> 42:18.633 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30% - I would agree. 42:20.066 --> 42:23.666 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% Toby, do you prune a John Cabot rose in the spring 42:23.666 --> 42:24.633 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:15% or fall? 42:24.633 --> 42:27.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - Oh gosh, I don't have a clue on that one. 42:27.766 --> 42:30.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% I don't even know what a John Cabot rose is. 42:30.466 --> 42:32.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% This would be a good time to just give me a call 42:32.900 --> 42:36.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% on 994-6523, I'll see what I can find on that 42:36.833 --> 42:40.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% but yeah, I'm gonna guess probably in the spring, 42:40.533 --> 42:43.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% or in the fall a lot of those roses, 42:43.900 --> 42:46.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% if it's a tea rose, it probably needs to be covered 42:46.100 --> 42:48.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% this time of year, so, to overwinter. 42:48.766 --> 42:50.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - What's the odds of a rose making it 42:50.466 --> 42:51.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% in the winter, nowadays? 42:51.933 --> 42:54.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% They never used to be very good, but with. 42:54.033 --> 42:55.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - So shrub roses for sure. 42:55.900 --> 43:00.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% A lot of the tea roses still need to be mulched and covered. 43:00.000 --> 43:03.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I do know of many people that are growing them 43:03.133 --> 43:04.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and doing quite well with those. 43:04.933 --> 43:07.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But if they're exposed they're most likely 43:07.566 --> 43:08.966 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% not gonna make it. 43:08.966 --> 43:13.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - Okay, thanks Toby, from Plains this came in last week. 43:13.900 --> 43:18.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% They have two varieties of raspberries, they fall over 43:18.600 --> 43:22.233 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% about a foot from the bottom, some grooves on the stalk. 43:22.233 --> 43:24.433 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% Is this some type of a bug or a fungus? 43:24.433 --> 43:27.166 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% Anybody have a clue on that? 43:27.166 --> 43:29.266 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - I haven't seen very much about the cane borer. 43:29.266 --> 43:30.933 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% I don't know if you've seen that Toby, 43:30.933 --> 43:32.900 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% so I haven't received any cane borer samples, 43:32.900 --> 43:35.233 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% but that would be my first guess. 43:35.233 --> 43:38.066 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - And the way to find out for sure is get a sample 43:38.066 --> 43:39.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% to the County Agent, or send it to the Schutter 43:39.966 --> 43:41.300 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% Diagnostic Lab directly. 43:41.300 --> 43:42.833 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% - [Laurie] That's right, yeah. 43:42.833 --> 43:45.666 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% - Vince, interesting comment more than a question here, 43:45.666 --> 43:47.266 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% but I'll let you take a stab at it, 43:47.266 --> 43:51.200 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% because I love to throw nasty questions at economists. 43:51.200 --> 43:53.300 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - [Vince] This is a 10 year history we have here. 43:53.300 --> 43:55.100 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 43:55.100 --> 43:57.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - This person from Big Fork would like to know 43:57.433 --> 44:00.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% how Montana State University can be qualified 44:00.000 --> 44:03.033 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% to do research on medical regulations 44:03.033 --> 44:07.100 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% when it has no medical school nor school of pharmacology. 44:07.100 --> 44:09.166 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% - That's a very interesting question. 44:09.166 --> 44:12.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% What we do have are some wonderful professionals 44:12.033 --> 44:14.400 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% in a whole variety of disciplines all the way 44:14.400 --> 44:18.600 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% from Microbiology and Immunology Department 44:18.600 --> 44:22.600 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% through the wonderful Center we have on biofill, 44:23.466 --> 44:25.266 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% through our School of Nursing, 44:25.266 --> 44:28.000 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% who are all engaged with these issues. 44:28.000 --> 44:30.833 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% One of the primary things that this grant is intended 44:30.833 --> 44:33.433 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% to do is to build up our capacity to work 44:33.433 --> 44:36.466 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% with those people to help the state and the region have 44:36.466 --> 44:38.933 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% a better understanding of some of the regulatory issues 44:38.933 --> 44:40.566 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% around healthcare. 44:40.566 --> 44:41.466 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% - Thanks Vince. 44:41.466 --> 44:43.533 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - Jack, it should be pointed out that we do have 44:43.533 --> 44:45.133 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% a medical school issue here. 44:45.133 --> 44:45.966 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:15% - We do. 44:45.966 --> 44:46.866 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% - We have the WWAMI Program. 44:46.866 --> 44:47.733 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% - Yes, we do. 44:47.733 --> 44:49.833 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - It's been ongoing for what, 35, 40 years? 44:49.833 --> 44:50.666 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:15% - Right. 44:50.666 --> 44:53.533 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - It's just been expanded and recently we started out 44:53.533 --> 44:56.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% a WWAMI Program for Veterinary Science training. 44:56.133 --> 44:57.766 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% - [Jack] Veterinarians yeah, we're in our third year. 44:57.766 --> 44:59.500 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% - So we have a large health. 44:59.500 --> 45:00.900 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% - And it's grown. - Right. 45:00.900 --> 45:04.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - And it's a center of focus for the next few years 45:04.700 --> 45:09.100 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% of the upper administration, in the investment. 45:09.100 --> 45:11.500 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% Because there's a recognition of the need 45:11.500 --> 45:14.733 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% for the University to make those contributions. 45:14.733 --> 45:17.500 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% - Okay, thanks, good points guys. 45:17.500 --> 45:19.200 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% I've been sitting here looking at that twig 45:19.200 --> 45:21.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% which I think would make good firewood. 45:21.066 --> 45:24.633 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% But why don't you tell us what that is. 45:24.633 --> 45:27.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Yeah, this is actually from a burr oak, 45:27.533 --> 45:32.033 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% this is from a pest called the oak, the rough oak 45:32.033 --> 45:34.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% bulletgall wasp and every single gall 45:34.600 --> 45:38.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% that's on this tree here and on this branch has 45:38.333 --> 45:41.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% a single wasp inside it or did have a single wasp. 45:41.266 --> 45:42.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% There's no wasps that are gonna be flying around 45:42.900 --> 45:45.400 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% the screen here. (laughing) 45:45.400 --> 45:47.933 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% So, we're having a big problem with this in Bozeman 45:47.933 --> 45:49.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% and we're also having a big problem with this 45:49.500 --> 45:51.366 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% in several areas across the state, 45:51.366 --> 45:53.633 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% recently just with burr oaks. 45:53.633 --> 45:55.600 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% And right now they're working, I was just talking 45:55.600 --> 45:58.700 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% to Dr. Whitney Cranshaw for Colorado State University, 45:58.700 --> 46:00.066 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% they're really trying to work on 46:00.066 --> 46:02.133 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:24.38% some chemical treatments for this. 46:02.133 --> 46:03.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% They're testing chemical treatments because 46:03.933 --> 46:05.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% originally this has just been a cosmetic issue 46:05.966 --> 46:07.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% but we're starting to see a lot of die back 46:07.466 --> 46:09.233 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% with our burr oaks across the state 46:09.233 --> 46:11.066 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% and we need to take action. 46:11.066 --> 46:13.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% So there are varietal differences in the burr oaks, 46:13.466 --> 46:15.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% so there are certain varieties that won't exhibit, 46:15.966 --> 46:18.633 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% won't have the gall wasps, but once you already 46:18.633 --> 46:20.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% have these planted and they're established 46:20.500 --> 46:22.733 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% they are trying to work on some treatments for that. 46:22.733 --> 46:24.733 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% So, stay tuned in the fall, I think we'll have 46:24.733 --> 46:26.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% I guess we're already in the fall, but should hear 46:26.533 --> 46:28.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% some more updates about chemical treatments in progress. 46:28.933 --> 46:31.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - One of the interesting things about the burr oak is 46:31.233 --> 46:34.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% that we do not cloningly reproduce burr oak, 46:34.933 --> 46:37.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% they're all grown from seed, just like most 46:37.066 --> 46:38.800 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% of our Colorado Spruce. 46:38.800 --> 46:40.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% So, when you look at a Colorado spruce stand, 46:40.566 --> 46:42.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% you'll see that there are many different colors 46:42.066 --> 46:44.300 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% and shapes and sizes of Colorado spruce, 46:44.300 --> 46:45.466 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% the same with the burr oaks. 46:45.466 --> 46:50.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% So some burr oaks have rough skin, or rough bark, 46:50.366 --> 46:53.566 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% some have smoother bark, and some are more susceptible 46:53.566 --> 46:55.833 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% than others on the burr oaks. 46:55.833 --> 46:58.933 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% So, if you have one that's just constantly getting 46:58.933 --> 47:01.966 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% hit by the bulletgall wasp, early on, 47:04.266 --> 47:06.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% it might just be a good idea to pull that out 47:06.266 --> 47:08.166 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% and put another one in that may not, 47:08.166 --> 47:10.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% has the potential to have less damage. 47:10.966 --> 47:13.233 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5% - Okay, thanks guys. 47:13.233 --> 47:16.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% Vince, obviously from a potential student 47:16.466 --> 47:19.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% that may wanna be going to graduate school. 47:19.966 --> 47:23.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% If they were accepted to Montana State University 47:23.433 --> 47:25.533 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% in Ag Economics and wanted to work 47:25.533 --> 47:29.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% on a specific regulation, will this grant allow 47:29.600 --> 47:32.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% specific regulations to be worked on 47:32.366 --> 47:34.600 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% as far as a thesis? 47:34.600 --> 47:37.633 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - Well yes, assuming that they've got a faculty member 47:37.633 --> 47:39.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that's willing to direct their thesis. 47:39.766 --> 47:43.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% We have a really interesting piece of work being done 47:43.200 --> 47:47.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% by a student with one of our colleagues on how the entry 47:47.566 --> 47:48.500 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% of the Uber 47:51.866 --> 47:54.533 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% transportation system has affected 47:54.533 --> 47:56.833 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% the price of taxicab medallions and the value 47:56.833 --> 47:58.533 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% of taxi companies. 47:58.533 --> 48:01.400 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% And there are several regulatory initiatives 48:01.400 --> 48:04.233 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% and concerns around Uber. 48:04.233 --> 48:06.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% Her work is really fascinating. 48:06.466 --> 48:07.800 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% It matters in Bozeman, 48:07.800 --> 48:10.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% because we just have had Uber come into Bozeman. 48:10.800 --> 48:14.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% It matters nationally of course and we will be providing 48:16.000 --> 48:19.366 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% some support for that student because her research fits 48:19.366 --> 48:21.333 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% with the mission of the Center. 48:21.333 --> 48:24.033 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% - Perfect, makes good sense to me. 48:24.033 --> 48:27.566 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% This caller has a comment from Lowell, it's a good comment. 48:27.566 --> 48:31.566 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% Please remind folks if you use D-Con, cats and small dogs 48:31.566 --> 48:33.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% should not be eating it, because it can be 48:33.500 --> 48:35.700 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% very detrimental to 'em, and that's correct. 48:35.700 --> 48:37.866 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% But I hope you don't keep your cats and small dogs 48:37.866 --> 48:39.733 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% in the car all night, right? 48:39.733 --> 48:41.633 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 48:41.633 --> 48:45.366 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% From Deer Lodge, this is interesting, 48:45.366 --> 48:47.466 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% Laurie, this person doesn't have crickets 48:47.466 --> 48:50.900 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% in her area, but likes the sound of crickets. 48:50.900 --> 48:53.000 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% Would it be a problem if she brought crickets 48:53.000 --> 48:56.833 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% into her yard, and what do they eat other than clothes? 48:56.833 --> 49:00.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - They will eat, they're vegetative feeders, 49:00.000 --> 49:02.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% so they would probably eat some things in your yard 49:02.700 --> 49:04.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% that wouldn't be so special. 49:04.866 --> 49:06.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% You can actually put 'em in the house. 49:06.333 --> 49:07.766 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% You could keep 'em in a container 49:07.766 --> 49:09.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and you could have cricket pets, 49:09.866 --> 49:11.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and you could have that sound all year round. 49:11.433 --> 49:12.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - [Jack] Pet crickets, now right? Okay. 49:12.800 --> 49:14.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Yeah, and you could feed 'em dog food 49:14.500 --> 49:15.633 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% and other things like that. 49:15.633 --> 49:16.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% I mean, that's one thing you could feed 'em 49:16.933 --> 49:17.933 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% in captivity. 49:17.933 --> 49:22.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - You have to be able to YouTube or find some video 49:22.066 --> 49:24.933 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% of sound of crickets that you could put on a loop, also. 49:24.933 --> 49:26.066 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% Which would, you know. 49:26.066 --> 49:27.133 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% - Yeah, or a sound machine. 49:27.133 --> 49:28.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Yeah, a sound machine, there's gotta be 49:28.366 --> 49:29.833 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% something out there with crickets. 49:29.833 --> 49:31.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - I like that sound too, I'm right there with her. 49:31.766 --> 49:32.700 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% - I don't disagree. 49:32.700 --> 49:34.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% - It's a sound of summer, but if you heat it up 49:34.133 --> 49:36.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% to 90 degrees, they're pretty noisy and if you keep 49:36.066 --> 49:38.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% it down around 50 they don't chirp as much. 49:38.566 --> 49:39.400 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30% Is that correct? 49:39.400 --> 49:40.400 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% - That's right, yeah, yeah. 49:40.400 --> 49:41.633 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% - They're very temperature sensitive, 49:41.633 --> 49:44.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% relative to their song. - Yeah. 49:44.500 --> 49:48.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - Okay, from northern Broadwater County, Laurie, 49:48.233 --> 49:50.466 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% this person's grown strawberries for 20 years. 49:50.466 --> 49:52.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% This year she's seen for the first time lots 49:52.966 --> 49:54.600 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% of tiny worms in the berries. 49:54.600 --> 49:56.633 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% Do you have any idea what they are 49:56.633 --> 49:58.266 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% and what she could do about 'em? 49:58.266 --> 49:59.766 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% - Where was she from again? 49:59.766 --> 50:01.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - [Jack] That would be northern Broadwater County, 50:01.766 --> 50:02.700 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% Townsend area. 50:02.700 --> 50:05.733 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - Okay yeah, so we actually have this millipede 50:05.733 --> 50:08.500 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% that's come in called the spotted snake millipede 50:08.500 --> 50:10.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% and it, I'm not sure exactly where it came from, 50:10.500 --> 50:12.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% but we've been seeing a lot of it around the state. 50:12.000 --> 50:14.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% And it's really just hammered our strawberries 50:14.566 --> 50:17.733 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% and I've been getting calls about it's been hitting 50:17.733 --> 50:20.333 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% the turf grass and potatoes, too. 50:20.333 --> 50:23.033 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% So, you could send a sample in to the Schutter Lab 50:23.033 --> 50:26.566 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% or you can send me a picture at insects@montana.edu 50:26.566 --> 50:28.066 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% to see exactly what that is. 50:28.066 --> 50:30.533 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% We don't have a good control for that one right now 50:30.533 --> 50:33.700 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% and so it's just something that's as far as 50:33.700 --> 50:35.333 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% keeping, just try to keep the strawberries 50:35.333 --> 50:36.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% from touching the ground so much, and I know 50:36.833 --> 50:37.966 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% that's really difficult. 50:37.966 --> 50:39.966 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% But they're really invasive. 50:39.966 --> 50:42.533 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - Yeah, I would say put some austral mulch 50:42.533 --> 50:44.300 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% underneath those strawberries to get 'em up 50:44.300 --> 50:45.266 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% off the ground. 50:45.266 --> 50:48.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% And then also if you're gonna redo you beds, 50:48.600 --> 50:51.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% there are strawberries out there that have, 50:51.033 --> 50:52.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% that are more upright and keep the berries 50:52.633 --> 50:53.933 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% off the ground. 50:53.933 --> 50:56.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% They're breeding those raspberries, or raspberries, 50:56.166 --> 51:00.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% I keep say raspberries, strawberries, for 51:00.033 --> 51:02.700 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% - Okay, another question for Vince, 51:02.700 --> 51:04.933 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% this came from Great Falls. 51:06.366 --> 51:09.633 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% The comment is, agriculture is Montana's number one 51:09.633 --> 51:12.966 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% industry, so will the benefit of this grant have 51:12.966 --> 51:16.666 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% any positive effects on Montana agriculture 51:16.666 --> 51:18.933 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% that you can foresee? 51:18.933 --> 51:22.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Because our focus is on regulation issues 51:22.066 --> 51:24.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and because our objective is to help everybody 51:24.633 --> 51:27.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% understand the consequence of different regulations, 51:27.233 --> 51:29.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% we have a high expectation that the results 51:29.466 --> 51:31.866 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% of the research will be highly relevant 51:31.866 --> 51:35.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% to the agricultural sector, useful for all sorts 51:35.466 --> 51:38.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% of different groups, farmers, regulators. 51:40.600 --> 51:42.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% The Montana Department of Agriculture has 51:42.666 --> 51:46.800 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% to regulate for example, toxic chemicals 51:46.800 --> 51:48.600 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% and their use. 51:48.600 --> 51:52.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% The goal here is to help people understand, 51:52.500 --> 51:56.433 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% appreciate who's affected, how they're affected, 51:56.433 --> 51:59.333 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% and whether or not regulations can be structured 51:59.333 --> 52:03.100 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% in a more effective and efficient way. 52:03.100 --> 52:05.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% Sometimes regulations are perfect. 52:05.566 --> 52:06.700 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% - [Jack] Oh, absolutely. 52:06.700 --> 52:08.533 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% - But very little in this world is perfect. 52:08.533 --> 52:10.866 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 52:10.866 --> 52:13.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - All right, leaf miners in sugar beets, spinach, 52:13.966 --> 52:15.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Swiss chard this year. 52:15.666 --> 52:17.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Will they be back next year? 52:17.300 --> 52:18.133 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% - [Laurie] Yes. 52:18.133 --> 52:20.100 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 52:20.100 --> 52:22.100 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% - Well, then don't plant spinach, beets, 52:22.100 --> 52:23.300 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% and Swiss chard, right? 52:23.300 --> 52:24.666 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% Or what do you do? 52:24.666 --> 52:26.966 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - They're pretty difficult to control, so I don't know. 52:26.966 --> 52:29.200 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% You probably get more beet miner questions 52:29.200 --> 52:30.300 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30% than I do, Toby. 52:30.300 --> 52:31.800 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% They never really come into the Schutter Lab, 52:31.800 --> 52:32.900 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% so maybe you have a better idea. 52:32.900 --> 52:35.566 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% - Yeah, floating row cover, it's a fly, if you can 52:35.566 --> 52:39.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% keep the flies off the leaves to lay the eggs 52:39.566 --> 52:41.933 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% which are the maggots inside the epidermis 52:41.933 --> 52:42.966 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30% of those leaves. 52:42.966 --> 52:46.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% If you can keep those excluded, so early on, 52:46.633 --> 52:49.866 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% you know they seem to go away after a while. 52:49.866 --> 52:51.733 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% So if you can get a floating row cover on there 52:51.733 --> 52:53.333 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:24.38% and keep that floating row cover. 52:53.333 --> 52:55.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% That's the problem I see across Montana, 52:55.200 --> 52:57.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% because of the winds usually the floating row cover lands 52:57.466 --> 53:00.100 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% up in the trees or power lines. 53:00.100 --> 53:02.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% But, if you can try to keep it over top 53:02.200 --> 53:04.166 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% without them getting to those beet leaves. 53:04.166 --> 53:05.833 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5% - Okay, sounds good. 53:05.833 --> 53:08.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Don, this person says in the spring they always hear 53:08.600 --> 53:11.733 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% a lot about hunting mushrooms that are edible. 53:11.733 --> 53:13.500 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% They see a lot of mushrooms in the fall. 53:13.500 --> 53:15.366 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% Are there edible mushrooms in the fall? 53:15.366 --> 53:18.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Oh for sure yes, the chantarelle which 53:18.733 --> 53:22.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% early fall mushroom is delicious and fairly easy 53:22.533 --> 53:24.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% to recognize, and one you don't have 53:24.166 --> 53:25.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% to worry too much about. 53:25.400 --> 53:27.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But we also have some pretty toxic mushrooms 53:27.966 --> 53:30.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% that show up in the fall, so as always, 53:30.233 --> 53:32.233 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% you really need to know what you're doing. 53:32.233 --> 53:35.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% Go with an expert and be on the safe side, 53:35.366 --> 53:36.966 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% if you don't know, don't eat it. 53:36.966 --> 53:38.400 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% - That's right. 53:38.400 --> 53:40.300 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% Vince, this person wants to know, 53:40.300 --> 53:44.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% do you have any specific agricultural hypotheses 53:44.600 --> 53:47.000 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% that you will be testing that could have 53:47.000 --> 53:50.433 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% a positive or negative effect on Montana agriculture? 53:50.433 --> 53:51.433 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75% - Oh good heavens! 53:51.433 --> 53:53.700 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 53:54.633 --> 53:58.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% We go about our business in the following way, 53:58.266 --> 54:00.833 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% we find an issue, we look at the issue, 54:00.833 --> 54:04.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% and we assess the impacts of the issues. 54:04.000 --> 54:06.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% And then we share that information with people, 54:06.566 --> 54:08.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% and we try to be as comprehensive as we can, 54:08.766 --> 54:11.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% including the issue that was raised earlier 54:11.200 --> 54:12.766 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63% on quality of life. 54:14.333 --> 54:16.433 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% We would anticipate there'll be a great deal 54:16.433 --> 54:19.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% of research around agriculture, around grain 54:19.400 --> 54:23.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% transportation issues, around biocontrol issues, 54:23.666 --> 54:27.600 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25% around broader agricultural policy issues. 54:27.600 --> 54:30.733 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% And that information will feed out to the rest 54:30.733 --> 54:35.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% of the world, first to our academic colleagues 54:35.366 --> 54:36.700 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30% for peer review. 54:37.666 --> 54:39.833 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% Sometimes we'll be saying things that a farmer 54:39.833 --> 54:42.133 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% might like, sometimes we may be saying things 54:42.133 --> 54:43.633 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% a farmer doesn't like. 54:43.633 --> 54:46.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% One of the sad facts of being an economist is 54:46.266 --> 54:48.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% that if you actually are liked by everybody 54:48.500 --> 54:50.766 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% you might not be doing your job. 54:50.766 --> 54:52.266 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75% (laughter) 54:52.266 --> 54:53.666 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% - I don't disagree with him. 54:53.666 --> 54:54.766 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% We're coming down to the end. 54:54.766 --> 54:56.266 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% I wanna throw Toby one more question 54:56.266 --> 54:58.933 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% and if he talks too much, I'll cut you off. 54:58.933 --> 55:01.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% He has a two year old cherry and apricot tree 55:01.533 --> 55:03.866 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% in Missoula, the blossoms were damaged by wind 55:03.866 --> 55:06.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% this spring, is there any way to protect the blossoms 55:06.233 --> 55:07.466 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88% from wind damage? 55:07.466 --> 55:09.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - Actually, depending on the size of the tree, 55:09.500 --> 55:11.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% a two year old tree, you can erect something 55:11.233 --> 55:13.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% with some poles and on the west 55:13.133 --> 55:16.033 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% and the south side with burlap. 55:16.033 --> 55:17.033 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% - [Jack] That works pretty well? 55:17.033 --> 55:18.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Yeah, it lets a little bit of the air movement 55:18.333 --> 55:20.433 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% through, but protects 'em from the wind and the sun. 55:20.433 --> 55:22.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - How about for frost, anyway to protect 'em 55:22.166 --> 55:23.800 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88% from light frost? 55:23.800 --> 55:25.400 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% - Usually just covering 'em. 55:25.400 --> 55:28.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% - Okay, folks thanks for watching again this evening. 55:28.433 --> 55:32.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% Next week Jan Bowman will be here talking about 55:32.133 --> 55:35.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% nutritional aspects for your pony or your horses. 55:35.466 --> 55:38.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% Jan is an Animal Nutritionalist, it should be very good. 55:38.066 --> 55:39.966 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% Vince, thank you for being here this this evening, 55:39.966 --> 55:40.800 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25% we enjoyed it. 55:40.800 --> 55:41.866 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% - Well, thanks for having me. 55:41.866 --> 55:42.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% - We like everybody on the panel, 55:42.900 --> 55:44.133 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% and thank you for being here. 55:44.133 --> 55:46.366 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% Have a great week, good night! 55:46.366 --> 55:49.533 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% (country banjo music) 56:16.033 --> 56:19.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - [Narrator] Montana AG Live is made possible by 56:19.233 --> 56:22.000 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% the Montana Department of Agriculture, 56:22.000 --> 56:24.666 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% the MSU Extension Service, 56:24.666 --> 56:26.433 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% the MSU AG Experiment Stations 56:26.433 --> 56:29.100 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% of the College of Agriculture, 56:29.100 --> 56:32.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% the Montana Wheat & Barley Committee, 56:32.000 --> 56:34.733 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% the Montana Bankers Association, 56:34.733 --> 56:37.166 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% Cashman Nursery & Landscaping, 56:37.166 --> 56:39.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% and the Gallatin Gardeners Club. 56:40.700 --> 56:47.200 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88% (electric guitar fanfare)