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- [Narrator] Montana AG 
live is made possible

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by the Montana Department 
of Agriculture,

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the MSU Extension Service,

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the MSU AG Experiment Stations

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of the College of Agriculture,

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the Montana Wheat 
and Barley Committee,

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the Montana Bankers Association,

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Cashman Nursery and Landscaping,

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The Galatin Gardeners Club,

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and the Rocky Mountain 
Certified Crop Advisor Program.

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(soft dueling guitar music)

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- Good evening, folks.

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You're tuned to Montana AG Live,

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originating tonight from 
the studios that KUSM

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on the very dynamic campus 
of Montana State University,

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and coming to you over 
the Montana Public

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I'm Jack Riesselman and I'll 
be your host this evening.

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Those of you who have watched 
the program in the past,

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know how it works.

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You provide the questions 
and we will do our best

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to provide the answers.

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We do like to stump the 
panel once in a while.

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Last week, we managed to stump 
the panel a couple of times.

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So, if you asks some questions

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that you're really 
curious about,

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go ahead and send 
them in this evening.

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Tonight's panel, let 
me introduce 'em,

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You to Uta McKelvy. Uta is 
here as a plant pathologist.

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She's been with us 
several times before.

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Glad to have her back.

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Tim Seipel. Tim is kind of a 
weed specialist, ecologist,

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crop plant weeds, a 
little bit of everything.

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Plus, if you've got 
weeds any other place,

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good chance to ask about 'em,

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because if you don't 
have weeds in Montana,

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you're doing something 
special, I guarantee you there.

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We all know Mac Burgess.

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Mac is a small farm specialist,

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specializing in all 
kinds of different,

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independent 
agricultural endeavors,

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and also, he knows a lot 
about horticultural plants.

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So, any questions tonight 
that you'd like to know about,

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good chance to call 'em in,

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and our special guest 
tonight is Stephen Vantassel.

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Stephen works for Department 
of AG up in Lewistown.

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He is a critter specialist.

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If you've got critter problems,

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this is a chance to find out 
how to keep the mice out,

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keep the voles down, 
keep the skunks out,

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whatever you want 
to do with critters.

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He's going to answer 
those questions tonight,

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and we'll come back 
to Stephen a minute.

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But, first, let me 
introduce the people

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taking the telephone 
calls this evening,

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Erica Rockville 
and Cheryl Bennett.

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And Cheryl was here last week,

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and she told me I 
looked better last week,

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and I think that's 
probably true.

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So with that, Stephen, 
tell us about what you do.

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- Well, I think you hit it 
right on the spot there.

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So yeah, I help people 
resolve conflicts

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with vertebrate animals.

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That's the animals with a spine,

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so be skunks, raccoons; 
unprotected birds,

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like pigeons and starlings, 
and prairie dogs.

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And so, that's 
basically what I do

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is do a little bit of writing.

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I do presentations for 
our pesticide program,

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and then, also do a little 
bit of research, as well.

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- You know, I've 
used Stephen too.

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We've had some skunk 
issues at various places.

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I spent a little time in the 
fall, it's called a Duck Blind,

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and the skunks took up 
residents under that Blind.

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It was not 
particularly pleasant.

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Stephen helped me 
eliminate that problem.

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So, at that, let me move ahead,

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and we have a Facebook 
question already, Stephen.

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This person had 
issues with voles

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during the previous winters.

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Is it advisable to 
use plastic protectors

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around the stems of rose bushes,

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or are the thorns 
deterrent enough.

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- If you're having damage 
with voles with rose bushes

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and you'd want to protect those.

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Typically, voles are going after

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your thinly barked 
trees and plants.

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And I would encourage you

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to be thinking about doing 
some aggressive control now,

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as the vole populations 
are declining.

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Usually, people wait too long.

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They want to do 
control in the spring

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when they see the damage,

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but the damage, actually, is 
occurring all winter long.

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So, I'd be putting in some traps

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and doing any types of barrier,

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barrier fencing 
around your plants

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that you are very 
concerned about

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because once that snow comes,

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they would love to 
take advantage of

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and then they'll be attacking 
some of those plants,

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they can get access to.

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- Stephen, about two 
or three years ago,

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I had a major vole problem.

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And I've been around 
voles long enough to know

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that I keep trash piles 
down, so forth and so on.

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The last two years, 
I've not had any issues.

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Are they cyclical or do they?

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- They are. And 
so, there can be-

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Generally, the rule 
of thumb is, I think,

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every four to five years, 
the numbers begin to spike,

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but there's no rhyme 
or reason to it.

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You can't guarantee 
that's going to happen.

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So obviously, 
environmental conditions

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will play a role in that.

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And we don't understand 
it completely

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as to whether it's food-based

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or whether it's 
because they age out.

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The literature is a little bit,

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hasn't made a decision, a 
ruling, on that quite yet.

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- Okay. Are they more of an 
issue in the Northern climates?

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You know, you and I both spent 
a lot of time in Nebraska.

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I never had vole issues down 
there, but I have them up here.

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- Well, there's vole-

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Yeah, no. There's vole 
problems in Nebraska, as well.

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And I think that when you can 
start getting farther south,

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there's just so much 
green vegetation

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that there's probably 
enough food for them

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to just keep eating,

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and so, the vegetation 
will overcome the damage

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caused by the voles.

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But once they have 
that snow cover,

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they get food-stressed,

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and then they start attacking 
your ornamental plants

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that you know, that 
are valuable to people.

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- Okay. Mac was 
asking me earlier,

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we were talking about voles 
even before this question

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came in Facebook,

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organic methods of 
controlling these pests?

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- None of the chemical means 
are approved for organic use.

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So, I would think, habitat, 
mowing, keep your cover down,

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like, you said, Trash piles,

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weed-free areas 
around your trees.

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And I've seen them, you know, 
take up cover in mulches.

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So, mulches are a 
double-edged sword.

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They can be great in many ways,

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but they can provide 
habitat for these rodents.

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- Absolutely.

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- Keeping the bare ground.

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- Okay, thank you guys.

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- Even cholecalciferol?

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Even cholecalciferol 
isn't allowed?

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- I don't know. (laughs)

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- Okay.

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- You might, you might 
know more than I do there.

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- All right.

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- I'm not aware of that one. 
I'd have to look into that.

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- Okay. Okay.

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- Vitamins, it's vitamin D.

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- Vitamin D. All right.

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A question that came 
in this evening,

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we were talking about 
trees and shrubs.

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What about pruning?

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Uta, is this a good 
time to prune trees?

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- Right. So, typically, 
we want to prune

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our trees and traps when 
the plants are dormant.

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So, I would, generally, 
recommend to do it

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in the early, early spring, 
February, March, next year.

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I think you could 
do it in a fall,

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but you want to be sure that 
your plants are dormant,

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and given how warm 
this year has been

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and how warm to fall still is,

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I wouldn't quite 
count on that yet.

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So, wait a little longer,

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or just wait until 
March and you know,

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do something fun this fall.

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- March is a great time.

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You can get out there 
when the wind blows,

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and the snow flies in March.

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- That's just a good time.

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- Yeah, it is a 
good time. I agree.

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- Keeps you warm.

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- Question from Three Forks.

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Tim, this person has heard

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that there is a 
glyphosate shortage,

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which is, also, a lot of 
people know, is Roundup,

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is this true?

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And will that affect 
agriculture in here,

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in the state of Montana?

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- Yeah, there is actually a 
nationwide glyphosate shortage,

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and prices have gone up 
for Roundup, or glyphosate,

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quite a lot.

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And there's people 
who are out there

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looking for alternatives 
for next year.

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I don't know that we have 
a lot of alternatives,

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but it will drive 
up producer prices

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and prices per acre of inputs 
for the next year, or so.

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I think 30 to 50%, 
even more than that,

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in terms, of glyphosate 
prices going up.

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- Well, that makes 
a big difference

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in a chem fallow operation.

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That makes a really big 
difference in a chem fallow.

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So, people who are looking 
at chem fallow next year,

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and, you know, they may go 
out every 30 days and spray,

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it's going to be,

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it's going to be challenging,

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and it's going to require 
more money to input in there.

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So, there might be instances

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where you could skip a 
chem fallow application,

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but don't skip on rates.

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Don't cut your rates and 
think you'll get away with it.

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You won't get as good 
of weed efficacy.

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It would be better to figure out

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if you could actually cut out

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one of the chem 
fallow applications.

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- And you probably don't 
know the answer to this,

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but I am kind of curious,

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is there a particular reason 
why there's a shortage?

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There never has been before.

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- I think it's related 
to all the shortages

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we've had with Coronavirus 
around the world,

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and, sort of, our supply chains.

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A lot of the precursor molecules

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come from other 
places in the world,

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whether that be China

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or whether they be 
made in other places,

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and so, I think that's 
led to some shortages

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of manufactured and ready-to-go 
Roundup combinations,

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on the market out there.

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- Tim, so is this shortage then

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only affecting glyphosate,

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or are we talking 
about, essentially,

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all herbicides being short?

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- Not all herbicides, 
there's other-

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So, the two biggest 
ones right now

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that people are really looking 
at is glyphosate or Roundup,

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which we, really, 
commonly use in Montana.

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And the other one that's 
been really short this fall

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and going into the next 
spring, has been glufosinate,

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which is a molecule 
that's more commonly used

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in the Midwest of 
the United States.

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So, we don't have to worry 
about glufosinate as much.

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We are really affected 
by the Roundup shortage.

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Glufosinate is used 
in LibertyLink crops,

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LibertyLink canola,

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and some of those 
things out there.

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It's used in corn and 
soybeans more often.

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- Okay, thank you. 
Interesting situation.

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From Facebook, Bozeman,

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00:10:19,133 --> 00:10:20,333
Stephen, this is for you,

250
00:10:20,333 --> 00:10:22,100
and it's kind of 
interesting question.

251
00:10:22,100 --> 00:10:24,600
They have a lot of rabbits 
living under their porch,

252
00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:27,000
and they wonder whether or not

253
00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:29,800
those rabbits could cause 
any structural damage

254
00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:32,833
or damage to the house.

255
00:10:32,833 --> 00:10:34,566
- I have never heard of rabbits

256
00:10:34,566 --> 00:10:36,933
causing structural 
damage to the house.

257
00:10:36,933 --> 00:10:40,366
They can chew some wood if 
they can get access to it.

258
00:10:40,366 --> 00:10:44,366
So, if you have any 
type of wood exposure

259
00:10:44,366 --> 00:10:47,300
underneath that porch 
area or that deck area,

260
00:10:47,300 --> 00:10:49,566
that might be a little 
bit of a concern.

261
00:10:49,566 --> 00:10:51,766
Otherwise, they're not going 
to be gnawing on concrete

262
00:10:51,766 --> 00:10:52,766
or anything like that.

263
00:10:52,766 --> 00:10:56,600
So, if there's any pipes 
or wires underneath there,

264
00:10:56,600 --> 00:10:58,833
they could certainly 
gnaw on that.

265
00:10:58,833 --> 00:11:00,633
But, otherwise, I have 
not heard of rabbits

266
00:11:00,633 --> 00:11:01,800
becoming a problem.

267
00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:04,266
Now, if they're doing any type 
of burrowing underneath there

268
00:11:04,266 --> 00:11:07,166
or exposing, if you have 
like a slab foundation,

269
00:11:07,166 --> 00:11:09,333
I'd be more concerned 
about your foundation area.

270
00:11:09,333 --> 00:11:11,533
If they're exploiting a borough

271
00:11:11,533 --> 00:11:14,033
that was already created 
by another animal,

272
00:11:14,033 --> 00:11:15,733
and that could be an 
issue, in terms of,

273
00:11:15,733 --> 00:11:17,466
cracking a foundation,

274
00:11:17,466 --> 00:11:20,333
depending on how large 
that borough was.

275
00:11:20,333 --> 00:11:22,900
- Okay. Well, what 
about ornamental plants?

276
00:11:22,900 --> 00:11:24,900
I've wondered we've 
had heavy snows,

277
00:11:24,900 --> 00:11:26,266
which we haven't had,

278
00:11:26,266 --> 00:11:28,900
rabbits we'll do some 
damage all around.

279
00:11:28,900 --> 00:11:29,800
- Oh, they sure will.

280
00:11:29,800 --> 00:11:30,633
Oh yeah, they will.

281
00:11:30,633 --> 00:11:32,333
You can always tell it's 
going to be a rabbit

282
00:11:32,333 --> 00:11:33,433
as opposed to a deer,

283
00:11:33,433 --> 00:11:36,700
because you're going to look 
for that 45 degree angle cut,

284
00:11:36,700 --> 00:11:38,833
and also, the height of the 
damage will be different.

285
00:11:38,833 --> 00:11:41,600
I mean, the rabbit can 
only reach so high.

286
00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:43,533
You want to be thinking 
about something a couple feet

287
00:11:43,533 --> 00:11:44,533
above the snow line,

288
00:11:44,533 --> 00:11:47,033
where a deer is 
going to, obviously,

289
00:11:47,033 --> 00:11:49,166
be able to go up 
almost six feet,

290
00:11:49,166 --> 00:11:50,433
so that'll also be another one.

291
00:11:50,433 --> 00:11:53,266
So, deer when they bite, 
they bite and then twist.

292
00:11:53,266 --> 00:11:55,166
So, if you look 
carefully at the branch,

293
00:11:55,166 --> 00:11:57,100
it'll be frayed at the top.

294
00:11:57,100 --> 00:12:01,466
A rabbit takes a clean 
slice at a 45 degree angle.

295
00:12:01,466 --> 00:12:02,400
So, look carefully.

296
00:12:02,400 --> 00:12:05,566
You want to make sure we 
go after the guilty animal.

297
00:12:05,566 --> 00:12:08,666
And then fencing will 
stop your rabbit damage

298
00:12:08,666 --> 00:12:10,833
around your plants.

299
00:12:10,833 --> 00:12:13,033
It's very easy to do.

300
00:12:13,033 --> 00:12:14,633
- I have a couple 
of golden retrievers

301
00:12:14,633 --> 00:12:16,400
that have moved the 
rabbits out of our yard

302
00:12:16,400 --> 00:12:17,500
pretty effectively.

303
00:12:17,500 --> 00:12:20,533
- Biological control 
can work too.

304
00:12:20,533 --> 00:12:23,700
- Yeah, your right. 
Thank you Stephen.

305
00:12:23,700 --> 00:12:25,833
Mac, this person said,

306
00:12:25,833 --> 00:12:27,600
"Last time you were on,

307
00:12:27,600 --> 00:12:30,300
you had a lot of squash 
in front of you."

308
00:12:30,300 --> 00:12:31,766
(laughing)

309
00:12:31,766 --> 00:12:33,300
They grew some winter squash,

310
00:12:33,300 --> 00:12:34,733
and they said, "it tastes like-"

311
00:12:34,733 --> 00:12:36,233
and I can't mention the word.

312
00:12:37,766 --> 00:12:39,000
Was there a problem?

313
00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:41,900
- Depending on the variety, 
you might just wait a while.

314
00:12:41,900 --> 00:12:43,600
And as I mentioned, last time,

315
00:12:43,600 --> 00:12:45,900
several of those varieties 
do get better with storage,

316
00:12:45,900 --> 00:12:47,466
and some of them are at 
their peak, you know,

317
00:12:47,466 --> 00:12:48,600
two months after harvest.

318
00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:50,333
So, I would say some of those

319
00:12:50,333 --> 00:12:52,733
bigger Hubbard's 
and Kabocha squash

320
00:12:52,733 --> 00:12:56,400
are still not anywhere near 
their prime eating quality,

321
00:12:56,400 --> 00:12:57,233
but it's great.

322
00:12:57,233 --> 00:12:59,100
Delicata and Acorn 
squash season right now.

323
00:12:59,100 --> 00:13:01,700
- You know, I bought an 
Acorn squash not long ago,

324
00:13:01,700 --> 00:13:03,566
and I happen to like 
squash quite a little bit,

325
00:13:03,566 --> 00:13:06,466
and be honest with you, it 
really wasn't very tasty.

326
00:13:06,466 --> 00:13:08,133
And, normally, it has a 
little bit of a nutty flavor.

327
00:13:08,133 --> 00:13:09,800
You put a little butter 
and brown sugar on it.

328
00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:11,300
- And it can be hit and miss 
if they weren't harvested,

329
00:13:11,300 --> 00:13:14,500
or if they were harvested too 
early, which is a temptation

330
00:13:14,500 --> 00:13:17,200
with some producers and 
production areas, so.

331
00:13:17,200 --> 00:13:19,566
I would think Montana 
producers, by in large,

332
00:13:19,566 --> 00:13:22,733
don't have any incentive 
to harvest early

333
00:13:22,733 --> 00:13:23,900
and get a second crop in.

334
00:13:23,900 --> 00:13:25,866
So, they let them go all the way

335
00:13:25,866 --> 00:13:28,266
to full ripeness or 
even to the frost.

336
00:13:28,266 --> 00:13:30,600
And so, we tend to grow 
pretty good ones up here.

337
00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:32,966
But, the market sells 
them out pretty quick.

338
00:13:32,966 --> 00:13:34,233
And if you just go to 
the store and get them,

339
00:13:34,233 --> 00:13:35,666
they may well have 
been harvested

340
00:13:35,666 --> 00:13:36,733
when they looked like a squash,

341
00:13:36,733 --> 00:13:40,166
but not without guards to 
make it tastes like a squash.

342
00:13:40,166 --> 00:13:43,166
- Okay. Thank you.

343
00:13:43,166 --> 00:13:45,566
Uta, last week, 
this person says,

344
00:13:45,566 --> 00:13:49,100
"You talked about dry seed 
decay. Can you explain-"

345
00:13:49,100 --> 00:13:50,833
This question is from Custer

346
00:13:50,833 --> 00:13:52,300
out in the central 
part of the state,

347
00:13:52,300 --> 00:13:55,133
a long I-90, 94, actually.

348
00:13:55,133 --> 00:13:59,366
What can you tell us 
about dry seed decay,

349
00:13:59,366 --> 00:14:01,733
and what can you 
do to prevent it?

350
00:14:01,733 --> 00:14:03,566
Because this has been a dry year

351
00:14:03,566 --> 00:14:06,100
in which they 
seeded winter wheat.

352
00:14:06,100 --> 00:14:08,366
- Well, I guess this 
person missed me

353
00:14:08,366 --> 00:14:09,566
at the Pest Management tour,

354
00:14:09,566 --> 00:14:11,666
where we sure talked 
about dry seed decay.

355
00:14:11,666 --> 00:14:13,533
Maybe keep an eye 
out for next year.

356
00:14:14,500 --> 00:14:17,533
Dry seed decay is a disease 
that affects the seed.

357
00:14:17,533 --> 00:14:18,866
And, as the name suggests,

358
00:14:18,866 --> 00:14:21,800
that typically happens when 
we put seed in a ground

359
00:14:21,800 --> 00:14:23,866
that has not enough moisture

360
00:14:23,866 --> 00:14:28,866
to promote an early germination 
and seedling development.

361
00:14:29,200 --> 00:14:33,000
And so, there are a lot of 
organisms, fungal organisms,

362
00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:36,066
living into soil that just 
naturally occur there.

363
00:14:36,066 --> 00:14:38,333
And for them, a seed 
that is not growing

364
00:14:38,333 --> 00:14:39,333
and it's just laying dormant,

365
00:14:39,333 --> 00:14:41,100
it's just a very, you know,

366
00:14:41,100 --> 00:14:44,733
easy meal for them to attack.

367
00:14:44,733 --> 00:14:47,600
So, there are various fungi 
that can cause this disease,

368
00:14:47,600 --> 00:14:49,533
aspergillus or-

369
00:14:49,533 --> 00:14:50,366
- [Jack] Penicillium.

370
00:14:50,366 --> 00:14:53,600
- Penicillium, that was the 
other one I was looking for,

371
00:14:53,600 --> 00:14:56,333
are some of the 
causal agents here.

372
00:14:56,333 --> 00:14:58,700
And you may observe 
that, you know,

373
00:14:58,700 --> 00:15:02,033
you don't have a 
great emergence.

374
00:15:02,033 --> 00:15:03,966
And if you look for 
the seed in the ground,

375
00:15:03,966 --> 00:15:05,500
it might appear 
like it's covered

376
00:15:05,500 --> 00:15:09,200
in some grayish, bluish, 
or whitish fuzz or mold,

377
00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:10,633
or it's just covered in soil,

378
00:15:10,633 --> 00:15:13,300
'cause the fungus 
growing around the seed

379
00:15:13,300 --> 00:15:17,466
is just trapping the soil and 
keeps attract to the seed.

380
00:15:17,466 --> 00:15:21,533
And so, the best way to 
prevent a dry seed decay

381
00:15:21,533 --> 00:15:23,500
is planting into moisture.

382
00:15:23,500 --> 00:15:25,833
So if, you know, a rain or 
precipitation is coming,

383
00:15:25,833 --> 00:15:27,400
that's a good time to plant.

384
00:15:28,733 --> 00:15:32,000
And fungicide seed treatments 
can also be very effective.

385
00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:35,733
And I cannot recite a 
specific product right now,

386
00:15:35,733 --> 00:15:39,100
but, essentially, any 
fungicide seed treatment

387
00:15:39,100 --> 00:15:40,866
that has broad-spectrum activity

388
00:15:40,866 --> 00:15:44,800
would be a suitable choice 
for a dry seed decay.

389
00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:46,033
- I agree entirely.

390
00:15:46,033 --> 00:15:48,766
Okay, Stephen, we got a lot 
of questions coming in here,

391
00:15:48,766 --> 00:15:51,166
and some of these 
are fascinating.

392
00:15:51,166 --> 00:15:53,133
(group laughing)

393
00:15:53,133 --> 00:15:54,666
This person would 
have liked to know,

394
00:15:54,666 --> 00:15:57,866
how to keep mice 
out of parked cars?

395
00:15:57,866 --> 00:15:58,700
- Yeah.

396
00:15:58,700 --> 00:15:59,833
- Any suggestions?

397
00:15:59,833 --> 00:16:02,333
- That is- Yes. 
It is a tough one,

398
00:16:02,333 --> 00:16:03,966
but here's some 
strategies for you.

399
00:16:03,966 --> 00:16:07,066
One, you want to be sure 
your parking on gravel

400
00:16:07,066 --> 00:16:10,300
and away from planting areas.

401
00:16:10,300 --> 00:16:12,700
You want to try to keep 
everything as mowed down

402
00:16:12,700 --> 00:16:14,166
as much as possible.

403
00:16:14,166 --> 00:16:17,066
You want to be looking at 
putting out multiple-catch traps

404
00:16:17,066 --> 00:16:18,100
around the structure.

405
00:16:18,100 --> 00:16:19,900
You also want to be sure you're

406
00:16:19,900 --> 00:16:21,400
if you have bird feeders around,

407
00:16:21,400 --> 00:16:22,866
you modify those bird feeders;

408
00:16:22,866 --> 00:16:24,800
you want to be thinking 
about food sources.

409
00:16:24,800 --> 00:16:28,300
Remember, anytime a plant grows 
long enough to go to seed,

410
00:16:28,300 --> 00:16:30,933
that's the seed for 
rodents as well.

411
00:16:30,933 --> 00:16:33,400
So, you want to be sure 
those are all cut down

412
00:16:33,400 --> 00:16:34,400
and not allowed in.

413
00:16:34,400 --> 00:16:35,633
So, then you want 
to be thinking about

414
00:16:35,633 --> 00:16:37,033
putting out some bait stations.

415
00:16:37,033 --> 00:16:38,500
Make sure you're 
following the label,

416
00:16:38,500 --> 00:16:40,400
and put out some, 
probably some Rodenticide.

417
00:16:40,400 --> 00:16:42,133
If you're not wanting 
to use Rodenticide,

418
00:16:42,133 --> 00:16:45,333
then use the 
multiple-catch mouse traps,

419
00:16:45,333 --> 00:16:49,066
and place them around 
your facility as well.

420
00:16:49,066 --> 00:16:51,100
But, around your area as well,

421
00:16:51,100 --> 00:16:53,466
to kind of keep those 
rodents in the low end.

422
00:16:53,466 --> 00:16:55,533
Yeah, those are some 
bait stations there,

423
00:16:55,533 --> 00:16:56,933
and there should be also a photo

424
00:16:56,933 --> 00:16:59,033
of some multiple-catch baits,

425
00:16:59,033 --> 00:17:00,900
multiple-catch traps as well.

426
00:17:02,300 --> 00:17:06,266
And you just have to, 
basically, put enough material,

427
00:17:06,266 --> 00:17:07,833
enough traps out 
there, to sort of,

428
00:17:07,833 --> 00:17:09,400
get that population down

429
00:17:09,400 --> 00:17:11,500
so they're not going to 
go after your vehicle.

430
00:17:13,300 --> 00:17:16,433
- Stephen, is that half-eaten 
bag of potato chips

431
00:17:16,433 --> 00:17:19,900
and food scraps left 
at the floor of my car,

432
00:17:19,900 --> 00:17:21,366
are those going 
to be issues, or?

433
00:17:21,366 --> 00:17:24,500
- I don't think it helps, but 
I'd be, probably, you know,

434
00:17:24,500 --> 00:17:26,433
but I'm not sure that's 
going to be enough

435
00:17:26,433 --> 00:17:28,766
because a mouse is going 
to want to get up in there,

436
00:17:28,766 --> 00:17:30,466
simply, your know, 
if you're driving,

437
00:17:30,466 --> 00:17:31,666
it's going to be a heat source

438
00:17:31,666 --> 00:17:33,233
and they're going to be 
attracted to some of that heat,

439
00:17:33,233 --> 00:17:36,433
but also, in terms of structure, 
if a rodent, you know,

440
00:17:36,433 --> 00:17:40,266
Deer mice will travel 400 
plus feet to go somewhere,

441
00:17:40,266 --> 00:17:42,700
so their home range 
is quite large.

442
00:17:42,700 --> 00:17:44,400
So, they would, probably, 
just jump up into it

443
00:17:44,400 --> 00:17:45,533
because it's a structure,

444
00:17:45,533 --> 00:17:49,500
and it provides them 
shelter from predators.

445
00:17:49,500 --> 00:17:51,800
So, I don't think 
the food, you know,

446
00:17:51,800 --> 00:17:53,800
I would always encourage you 
to keep the food out of it,

447
00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:55,600
'cause, you know, bears 
may want to be interested

448
00:17:55,600 --> 00:17:56,833
in your car as well.

449
00:17:56,833 --> 00:17:59,000
But, I think it's more 
of the issue of the fact,

450
00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:01,633
that the presence of 
the vehicle is there,

451
00:18:01,633 --> 00:18:03,100
is going to be the attractant.

452
00:18:03,100 --> 00:18:05,166
- You know, Stephen, while 
we're on the subject,

453
00:18:05,166 --> 00:18:08,600
it is mouse season, and you 
move into November in Montana.

454
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:12,000
Those mice like to 
move into warmer places

455
00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:14,000
as you have suggested. 
- Absolutely.

456
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:16,466
- Can they do a lot 
of damage at homes

457
00:18:16,466 --> 00:18:18,733
if you don't keep 
them under control?

458
00:18:18,733 --> 00:18:20,566
- Significant. It's 
one of the things

459
00:18:20,566 --> 00:18:21,766
I've been doing in my training.

460
00:18:21,766 --> 00:18:23,433
I've been trying to 
help people understand.

461
00:18:23,433 --> 00:18:26,033
It's one of the interesting 
psychological elements

462
00:18:26,033 --> 00:18:28,866
in Montana where, even 
generally across the US,

463
00:18:28,866 --> 00:18:30,166
is that when people have rats,

464
00:18:30,166 --> 00:18:33,066
they will move heaven and 
earth to control the rats.

465
00:18:33,066 --> 00:18:35,266
But, when it comes to 
mice, they'll just say,

466
00:18:35,266 --> 00:18:37,200
"Oh, it's just a 
mouse. No big deal."

467
00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:38,800
No. I want you to 
take that seriously.

468
00:18:38,800 --> 00:18:40,100
That photo that 
you're seeing there,

469
00:18:40,100 --> 00:18:43,000
is at my house when 
I was in Nebraska.

470
00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:45,600
We used some use some 
foam to fill a gap,

471
00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:47,733
and the mouse, mice, just 
chewed right through it.

472
00:18:47,733 --> 00:18:50,033
So, don't rely on foam 
to be your solution.

473
00:18:50,033 --> 00:18:52,100
But, once they're 
getting into the walls,

474
00:18:52,100 --> 00:18:54,033
they are damaging 
your insulation.

475
00:18:54,033 --> 00:18:55,800
They can also 
attack your wiring.

476
00:18:55,800 --> 00:18:57,966
And so, if you're wondering 
why your heating bill

477
00:18:57,966 --> 00:18:59,933
is sometimes going up, 
it may not just be,

478
00:18:59,933 --> 00:19:02,566
it may be partly due to the 
cost of the fuel, of course,

479
00:19:02,566 --> 00:19:04,233
but you may also 
have, over time,

480
00:19:04,233 --> 00:19:06,900
those mice are degrading 
your installation,

481
00:19:06,900 --> 00:19:09,400
and so, you're losing 
more heat to the outside.

482
00:19:09,400 --> 00:19:13,466
And so, take mice seriously 
for the physical damage

483
00:19:13,466 --> 00:19:15,466
they can do to your structure.

484
00:19:15,466 --> 00:19:17,766
- Okay. Thank you. Good advice.

485
00:19:17,766 --> 00:19:21,000
Tim, this person from Conrad,

486
00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:23,733
has heard of a weed 
called Beggars Lice.

487
00:19:23,733 --> 00:19:24,966
Do you know what that is?

488
00:19:26,200 --> 00:19:30,100
- Beggars lice. I might 
know what that weed is.

489
00:19:30,100 --> 00:19:32,833
So, Hound's-Tongue.

490
00:19:32,833 --> 00:19:33,833
So, it's either-

491
00:19:33,833 --> 00:19:35,500
So, it could be a Hound's-

492
00:19:35,500 --> 00:19:37,233
It could be Hound's-tongue,

493
00:19:37,233 --> 00:19:40,000
which is an obnoxious weed 
in the state of Montana.

494
00:19:40,000 --> 00:19:41,633
And so, it makes these...

495
00:19:43,600 --> 00:19:45,133
It looks, I guess we 
call it Hound's-tongue,

496
00:19:45,133 --> 00:19:47,666
because it has, sort of, a 
rough cover on the outside.

497
00:19:47,666 --> 00:19:51,366
It's, sort of, round shape 
with a little point on one end,

498
00:19:51,366 --> 00:19:53,033
and it'll stick to 
all your clothes.

499
00:19:53,033 --> 00:19:55,100
And it'll end up 
all over the place,

500
00:19:55,100 --> 00:19:57,100
and it can be a real pain.

501
00:19:57,100 --> 00:19:59,066
I encourage you, not 
to just pull them off

502
00:19:59,066 --> 00:20:00,700
and throw them in your yard,

503
00:20:00,700 --> 00:20:03,933
I encourage you to put them 
in a bag and throw them away.

504
00:20:03,933 --> 00:20:06,100
We also call Beggars ticks

505
00:20:06,100 --> 00:20:09,700
a closely related native 
species, actually, too.

506
00:20:09,700 --> 00:20:14,466
There's a few native, 
blue-looking, forget-me-nots

507
00:20:14,466 --> 00:20:16,833
that you'll see in the 
mountains, in the summertime,

508
00:20:16,833 --> 00:20:19,633
and those can also be 
called Beggars ticks.

509
00:20:19,633 --> 00:20:23,033
So yeah, there, we have a 
couple of 'em out there.

510
00:20:24,066 --> 00:20:26,400
- Okay. Here's an 
interesting question

511
00:20:26,400 --> 00:20:28,200
I've thought about a lot.

512
00:20:28,200 --> 00:20:29,666
And this comes from Bozeman.

513
00:20:29,666 --> 00:20:33,033
And Mac, I'm going to put 
you on the spot with this.

514
00:20:33,033 --> 00:20:34,800
This person wants to know,

515
00:20:34,800 --> 00:20:37,733
"Why Dixon melons 
are only growing

516
00:20:37,733 --> 00:20:40,166
in the Dixon/Plains area,

517
00:20:40,166 --> 00:20:43,733
and why we can grow good melons 
like that anywhere else?"

518
00:20:43,733 --> 00:20:45,933
- What is the elevation 
in Dixon, Montana?

519
00:20:45,933 --> 00:20:48,100
- Probably, around 2,500 
feet, I would guess.

520
00:20:48,100 --> 00:20:48,933
- I think that's it.

521
00:20:48,933 --> 00:20:49,833
- I thinks it's 
a little special.

522
00:20:49,833 --> 00:20:50,666
- It's a little 
bit warmer. Yeah.

523
00:20:50,666 --> 00:20:52,566
- In Sander's County over there.

524
00:20:52,566 --> 00:20:54,666
I think the nights are warmer.

525
00:20:54,666 --> 00:20:55,500
- [Mac] Yep.

526
00:20:55,500 --> 00:20:57,100
- I think it's lower elevation,

527
00:20:57,100 --> 00:21:00,033
and there gets to be 
some really warm days.

528
00:21:00,033 --> 00:21:00,800
I've also-

529
00:21:00,800 --> 00:21:02,533
- To be fair, I think that 
you could grow great melons

530
00:21:02,533 --> 00:21:05,033
along the Yellowstone River, 
down in Billings, as well.

531
00:21:05,033 --> 00:21:07,400
It's a challenge in 
Bozeman. A real challenge.

532
00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:09,766
- I guess it's not 
possible here, basically?

533
00:21:09,766 --> 00:21:10,966
- Well. (laughs)

534
00:21:10,966 --> 00:21:12,700
- Yeah, they don't 
ripen very well.

535
00:21:12,700 --> 00:21:13,533
- And it needs to be-

536
00:21:13,533 --> 00:21:15,466
Because of the cold nights, 
is it really the cold?

537
00:21:15,466 --> 00:21:17,466
I mean, we have warm 
enough days, but cold.

538
00:21:17,466 --> 00:21:18,966
- Well it's both. Yeah.

539
00:21:18,966 --> 00:21:21,400
It's the cold nights and 
the not-warm-enough days.

540
00:21:21,400 --> 00:21:22,566
- [Tim] And then maybe humidity.

541
00:21:22,566 --> 00:21:26,033
- Is there a specific 
variety that does well

542
00:21:26,033 --> 00:21:29,733
in that Plains/Dixon area 
that you guys know of?

543
00:21:29,733 --> 00:21:30,966
- I don't know what 
variety would grow.

544
00:21:30,966 --> 00:21:33,766
- I'm sure the Dixon melon 
folks have got their favorite,

545
00:21:33,766 --> 00:21:35,866
and I bet they keep it 
fairly, closely guarded,

546
00:21:35,866 --> 00:21:38,333
but there are a number 
of Musk melons available.

547
00:21:38,333 --> 00:21:40,600
You just look for 
the earliest ones.

548
00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:44,233
Sweet Granite is one 
that comes to mind.

549
00:21:44,233 --> 00:21:45,533
That's an open 
pollinated one, I think.

550
00:21:45,533 --> 00:21:46,866
And I don't know,

551
00:21:46,866 --> 00:21:48,200
I've tried to several of them.

552
00:21:48,200 --> 00:21:50,500
And you can grow 
them in Bozeman,

553
00:21:50,500 --> 00:21:53,500
you know, all the usual tricks 
to retain heat with plastic.

554
00:21:53,500 --> 00:21:54,366
And then, you know,

555
00:21:54,366 --> 00:21:55,933
you want to make 
sure it doesn't rain

556
00:21:55,933 --> 00:21:57,566
as they're ripening, either.

557
00:21:57,566 --> 00:21:59,066
You want to cut the 
water off as they ripen,

558
00:21:59,066 --> 00:22:01,200
and that, sometimes, 
September we get a rainstorm,

559
00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:03,700
and then they'll explode on 
you or they're no good, so.

560
00:22:03,700 --> 00:22:05,533
- You know, they, they look 
like they're going to ripen,

561
00:22:05,533 --> 00:22:08,200
but if you try to eat 
them, they're really-

562
00:22:08,200 --> 00:22:10,433
I'd buy a Dixon melon anytime.

563
00:22:10,433 --> 00:22:11,933
- Yeah. (laughs)

564
00:22:11,933 --> 00:22:12,766
- It's much better.

565
00:22:12,766 --> 00:22:14,200
- Yeah, they come out 
quite a bit earlier.

566
00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:15,366
- Yeah, they do.

567
00:22:15,366 --> 00:22:17,533
Stephen, from Great Falls.

568
00:22:17,533 --> 00:22:18,866
Squirrels in the yard,

569
00:22:18,866 --> 00:22:21,266
and they want to get rid 
of them without trapping.

570
00:22:21,266 --> 00:22:22,566
Any suggestions?

571
00:22:23,400 --> 00:22:24,533
- These are Tree squirrels?

572
00:22:24,533 --> 00:22:27,800
'Cause Ground squirrels 
should be in hibernation now.

573
00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:32,533
- Probably, Red squirrels, 
I guess, or Fox squirrels.

574
00:22:32,533 --> 00:22:34,966
- Okay, in the yard.

575
00:22:34,966 --> 00:22:36,233
So, I would have say,

576
00:22:36,233 --> 00:22:38,466
you want to control 
the amount of food.

577
00:22:38,466 --> 00:22:39,700
So, I'd be asking, you know,

578
00:22:39,700 --> 00:22:41,633
"Is there a bird feeder 
on the property?"

579
00:22:41,633 --> 00:22:44,833
Or, "Perhaps, your neighbors 
have bird feeders?"

580
00:22:44,833 --> 00:22:47,233
In which case, modify 
those bird feeders

581
00:22:47,233 --> 00:22:49,333
so you're not feeding 
the squirrels,

582
00:22:49,333 --> 00:22:52,000
to reduce the attraction 
to that particular area.

583
00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:54,833
But, if you have like an 
Oak tree or something,

584
00:22:54,833 --> 00:22:56,466
that's coming into seed,

585
00:22:56,466 --> 00:22:59,100
that's going to be, obviously, 
clearly a challenge.

586
00:22:59,100 --> 00:23:00,000
What some people do,

587
00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:01,600
is they'll actually 
wrap the trunk

588
00:23:01,600 --> 00:23:03,100
with some aluminum flashing

589
00:23:03,100 --> 00:23:06,400
to prevent the squirrels 
from climbing it.

590
00:23:06,400 --> 00:23:08,900
But, that assumes that you 
don't have another tree nearby

591
00:23:08,900 --> 00:23:09,866
that they can jump to.

592
00:23:09,866 --> 00:23:12,066
So, I would need a 
little more information

593
00:23:12,066 --> 00:23:13,100
to provide some other stuff.

594
00:23:13,100 --> 00:23:15,800
Otherwise, the dog running 
around the backyard

595
00:23:15,800 --> 00:23:16,800
may be helpful,

596
00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:18,400
but it's probably 
going to be pretty hard

597
00:23:18,400 --> 00:23:21,133
to keep a squirrel, Tree 
squirrel, out of your yard.

598
00:23:21,133 --> 00:23:22,800
- Do the Tree 
squirrels we have here,

599
00:23:22,800 --> 00:23:25,200
are they a problem 
to any ornamental?

600
00:23:25,200 --> 00:23:27,033
- I haven't had a lot 
of reports of that,

601
00:23:27,033 --> 00:23:30,633
but they certainly can get into 
structures and be an issue.

602
00:23:30,633 --> 00:23:31,866
Yeah, absolutely.

603
00:23:31,866 --> 00:23:33,566
- Well, where there's 
a lot of them,

604
00:23:33,566 --> 00:23:37,400
they can do some pruning 
and gnawing on stuff,

605
00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:38,600
which is not real good.

606
00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:41,700
We had them, at one 
time, in the Midwest,

607
00:23:42,866 --> 00:23:44,666
and I used live traps.

608
00:23:44,666 --> 00:23:46,866
And that really 
worked well, except,

609
00:23:46,866 --> 00:23:49,233
if you don't dump 
them far enough away,

610
00:23:49,233 --> 00:23:50,966
they're going to be 
back the next day.

611
00:23:50,966 --> 00:23:53,466
- Yeah, and that's not quite 
legal, here in Montana.

612
00:23:53,466 --> 00:23:56,600
So, you can't really 
dump 'em somewhere else.

613
00:23:56,600 --> 00:23:57,833
You have to get landowner 
permission, and so.

614
00:23:57,833 --> 00:24:00,100
- I didn't say that. (laughs)

615
00:24:00,100 --> 00:24:03,000
- It used to be a one-way, 
kind of a one-way deal.

616
00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:03,833
Plus, you know,

617
00:24:03,833 --> 00:24:06,200
there could be some game 
species issues as well,

618
00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:07,766
so that has to be factored in.

619
00:24:07,766 --> 00:24:10,766
But, typically, if 
they're damaging turf,

620
00:24:10,766 --> 00:24:11,933
that that can be, you know,

621
00:24:11,933 --> 00:24:13,533
sometimes when they're 
scatter hoarding,

622
00:24:13,533 --> 00:24:14,800
and they're putting 
out some food,

623
00:24:14,800 --> 00:24:16,733
that would be more of 
your Gray squirrel,

624
00:24:16,733 --> 00:24:19,066
it can be quite 
extensive, in that regard,

625
00:24:19,066 --> 00:24:20,866
with their feeding.

626
00:24:20,866 --> 00:24:22,533
But, that tends to 
be not something

627
00:24:22,533 --> 00:24:24,000
that occurs every single year.

628
00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:25,533
I haven't heard that very often.

629
00:24:25,533 --> 00:24:27,233
So, I guess give me a call,

630
00:24:27,233 --> 00:24:30,133
and we can, certainly, 
talk a lot more next week.

631
00:24:30,133 --> 00:24:31,166
- Okay, thanks.

632
00:24:31,166 --> 00:24:32,333
- When I'm back to the office.

633
00:24:32,333 --> 00:24:33,166
- All right.

634
00:24:34,966 --> 00:24:37,800
A call from, here in Bozeman.

635
00:24:37,800 --> 00:24:41,100
People have seen a lot of ads,

636
00:24:41,100 --> 00:24:44,933
that they need to spray their 
lawns for disease control.

637
00:24:44,933 --> 00:24:48,033
- Uta, do you think 
that's necessary here?

638
00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:54,900
- I don't think that lawn 
diseases are a big issue here.

639
00:24:54,900 --> 00:24:58,733
I mean, a lot of the 
diseases are caused by fungi.

640
00:24:58,733 --> 00:25:01,000
They typically like 
it moist and warm.

641
00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:02,733
I don't know if 
that's, necessarily,

642
00:25:02,733 --> 00:25:04,866
so much of an issue here.

643
00:25:04,866 --> 00:25:06,333
I think that's maybe something

644
00:25:06,333 --> 00:25:11,333
that your lawn and tree 
care service suggests,

645
00:25:11,833 --> 00:25:14,366
'cause you know, they 
have to run a business.

646
00:25:14,366 --> 00:25:17,400
But, I think you might be 
fine, skipping that one.

647
00:25:17,400 --> 00:25:20,000
- You know, we got some 
snow last night here.

648
00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:22,000
And I don't think it's going 
to stick around for good,

649
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:24,433
quite yet, but we hadn't 
got all the leaves raked up.

650
00:25:24,433 --> 00:25:28,533
Is that an important thing 
to be getting on top of?

651
00:25:28,533 --> 00:25:31,033
- I raked my leaves 
up yesterday, so.

652
00:25:33,233 --> 00:25:35,166
Actually, that's 
a good question.

653
00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:38,233
You know, I think it depends on

654
00:25:38,233 --> 00:25:41,933
how thick the leaf 
layer is on your lawn.

655
00:25:41,933 --> 00:25:45,800
I think if it's a lot 
of leaves on your lawn,

656
00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:48,266
there might just be a risk 
that they don't decompose.

657
00:25:48,266 --> 00:25:50,500
And then, you just have 
this, like, kind of like,

658
00:25:50,500 --> 00:25:54,700
gluey layer of half-composed 
leaves laying on your lawn.

659
00:25:54,700 --> 00:25:56,500
I don't know if it will 
cause disease, but you know,

660
00:25:56,500 --> 00:25:59,333
it will like take away 
the air and the light

661
00:25:59,333 --> 00:26:01,300
from your lawn, in 
the next spring.

662
00:26:02,666 --> 00:26:04,100
- I'm always figured 
that could contribute

663
00:26:04,100 --> 00:26:07,466
to the, sort of, the 
environmental side

664
00:26:07,466 --> 00:26:09,666
of the disease triangle for 
all the fungal diseases.

665
00:26:09,666 --> 00:26:11,033
- Oh yeah. I mean, so 
there's this concern of,

666
00:26:11,033 --> 00:26:12,366
there's a snow mold.

667
00:26:12,366 --> 00:26:15,566
So, I think Abby talked 
about it last week too.

668
00:26:15,566 --> 00:26:18,866
If, you know, if we 
have a lot of snow cover

669
00:26:18,866 --> 00:26:22,533
and our grass blades 
are very long,

670
00:26:22,533 --> 00:26:24,933
they can be attacked by 
certain fungi that, you know,

671
00:26:24,933 --> 00:26:27,733
seem to thrive under these 
temperatures and conditions

672
00:26:27,733 --> 00:26:29,800
that are provided 
under the snow cover,

673
00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:31,833
so that can be an issue.

674
00:26:31,833 --> 00:26:35,600
So, in that sense, I think 
she recommended to mowed lawn.

675
00:26:35,600 --> 00:26:38,233
I don't know if the leaves 
do quite the same thing.

676
00:26:38,233 --> 00:26:43,066
I mean, you know, I think 
one idea would be, like,

677
00:26:43,066 --> 00:26:45,133
rake it up or if you 
don't want to rake it up,

678
00:26:45,133 --> 00:26:46,600
mow it over with the lawnmower,

679
00:26:46,600 --> 00:26:48,333
and kind of break up 
the leaves a little bit,

680
00:26:48,333 --> 00:26:49,466
to help them decompose.

681
00:26:49,466 --> 00:26:52,300
It could be like a little bit 
of mulching for your lawn.

682
00:26:52,300 --> 00:26:55,033
- I, first of all, 
it's November here,

683
00:26:55,033 --> 00:26:57,566
and to have warm 
conditions like we have,

684
00:26:57,566 --> 00:27:00,400
I mowed my yard Friday, 
- [Uta] Yeah. I saw that.

685
00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:03,033
- in November, which 
we never used to do.

686
00:27:03,033 --> 00:27:04,333
- [Uta] Yeah.

687
00:27:04,333 --> 00:27:07,366
- I mowed it just before we 
had that nice, big windstorm.

688
00:27:07,366 --> 00:27:09,933
I mowed the grass very short.

689
00:27:09,933 --> 00:27:11,266
And you know what?

690
00:27:11,266 --> 00:27:13,200
I don't have any 
leaves left in my yard

691
00:27:13,200 --> 00:27:15,433
that fell off the citrus trees.

692
00:27:15,433 --> 00:27:16,266
- Oh, there ya go.

693
00:27:16,266 --> 00:27:17,666
- Worked very, very well.

694
00:27:17,666 --> 00:27:18,666
- Perfect.

695
00:27:18,666 --> 00:27:20,566
- It blew away into 
your neighbors yard?

696
00:27:20,566 --> 00:27:21,400
- Yeah, exactly.

697
00:27:21,400 --> 00:27:23,200
And it controls snow mold. 
- Got hung up in the fence.

698
00:27:23,200 --> 00:27:27,066
- Okay. Question came in 
this week and last week,

699
00:27:27,066 --> 00:27:29,000
and I didn't ask it last week

700
00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:30,500
because I hadn't heard of it,

701
00:27:30,500 --> 00:27:33,166
but we talked about 
a little bit before.

702
00:27:33,166 --> 00:27:37,100
From Facebook, "Is it okay 
to plant Yellow Rattle seeds

703
00:27:37,100 --> 00:27:41,100
in flower beds that are 
riddled with a horrible grass

704
00:27:41,100 --> 00:27:45,166
that has a lot of 
underground rhizomes?"

705
00:27:45,166 --> 00:27:47,600
First of all, I'd never 
heard of Yellow Rattle.

706
00:27:47,600 --> 00:27:49,400
So, you want to 
tell us what it is?

707
00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:52,266
- Yes. So, Yellow Rattle is,

708
00:27:53,466 --> 00:27:56,266
it belongs to the 
genus, wren sinus.

709
00:27:56,266 --> 00:27:57,100
Excuse me.

710
00:27:57,100 --> 00:28:00,600
I'll just put my plant 
nerd credentials out there.

711
00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:04,433
And it's a member of 
the scrophularia family.

712
00:28:04,433 --> 00:28:08,466
So, it's a hemi-parasitic 
plant, actually.

713
00:28:08,466 --> 00:28:11,633
And it lives, I'm pretty sure

714
00:28:11,633 --> 00:28:13,766
it does not live on grass roots,

715
00:28:13,766 --> 00:28:17,166
but lives on Daisy 
roots, of the different.

716
00:28:17,166 --> 00:28:22,166
And so, if you planted it 
into a heavy grass stand,

717
00:28:25,833 --> 00:28:27,066
I think it would be okay,

718
00:28:27,066 --> 00:28:28,166
and I think it would grow.

719
00:28:28,166 --> 00:28:29,633
It's a little bit of a weed

720
00:28:29,633 --> 00:28:32,533
that people worry 
about in certain-

721
00:28:32,533 --> 00:28:36,000
If you have a really 
clean, alfalfa legume,

722
00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:37,500
sort of, grass hay,

723
00:28:37,500 --> 00:28:41,166
it's not desired in that 
alfalfa, or sort of-

724
00:28:41,166 --> 00:28:44,500
- Were you planting it because 
it's a desirable ornamental?

725
00:28:44,500 --> 00:28:47,466
- I think people have 
planted it before,

726
00:28:47,466 --> 00:28:50,466
as an ornamental 
plant, but you know,

727
00:28:50,466 --> 00:28:54,033
a weed is just one step away 
from an ornamental plant.

728
00:28:54,033 --> 00:28:57,033
Sorry to all the horticultural 
people out there.

729
00:28:57,033 --> 00:29:00,566
But, we've introduced a whole 
lot of weeds into Montana

730
00:29:00,566 --> 00:29:05,666
that were introduced for 
their horticultural value.

731
00:29:05,666 --> 00:29:08,233
And so, sometimes, when 
we look at those plants,

732
00:29:08,233 --> 00:29:11,766
and it's an attractive, 
little yellow box,

733
00:29:11,766 --> 00:29:14,733
or like a little Yellow 
Rattle, that forms on the top.

734
00:29:16,133 --> 00:29:17,433
And so, you know, I don't know

735
00:29:17,433 --> 00:29:18,933
if I would encourage 
planting it.

736
00:29:18,933 --> 00:29:21,566
It has been a weed around 
the Twin Bridges area,

737
00:29:21,566 --> 00:29:24,133
and, I think, at some other 
heavily irrigated pastures.

738
00:29:24,133 --> 00:29:25,400
It needs a lot of moisture.

739
00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:27,500
So, it's usually in 
flood irrigated pastures,

740
00:29:27,500 --> 00:29:29,300
where I've seen it, as a weed.

741
00:29:29,300 --> 00:29:31,166
- Okay. I've learned 
a lot tonight.

742
00:29:31,166 --> 00:29:33,033
I had never heard of it before.

743
00:29:33,033 --> 00:29:37,466
Thank you, Stephen, 
from Phillipsburg,

744
00:29:37,466 --> 00:29:41,833
this caller has had rabbits 
eating her car wires.

745
00:29:41,833 --> 00:29:44,833
Is there any way to stop 
this from happening?

746
00:29:44,833 --> 00:29:47,766
And I know that's an 
issue a lot of places.

747
00:29:47,766 --> 00:29:51,066
- Well, number one, 
I would love to have,

748
00:29:51,066 --> 00:29:52,500
have her send me those wires.

749
00:29:52,500 --> 00:29:54,966
I'll be glad to pay for the 
pay for the shipping for that.

750
00:29:54,966 --> 00:29:57,600
So, I'm always looking 
for damaged items.

751
00:29:57,600 --> 00:29:59,500
I wish there was an easy way.

752
00:29:59,500 --> 00:30:02,300
Short of garaging your field,

753
00:30:02,300 --> 00:30:04,200
there is a product 
out of California

754
00:30:04,200 --> 00:30:09,333
that uses a shock mat around 
the perimeter of your car.

755
00:30:09,333 --> 00:30:13,500
And you, basically, drive 
your car into this grid,

756
00:30:13,500 --> 00:30:14,766
and it uses a shock track,

757
00:30:14,766 --> 00:30:17,433
so animals aren't going to 
step towards your vehicle.

758
00:30:17,433 --> 00:30:18,966
But, I think that's not 
going to be practical

759
00:30:18,966 --> 00:30:21,466
once we start getting 
snow, here in Montana.

760
00:30:21,466 --> 00:30:23,666
I think, ultimately, what 
you're going to have to do

761
00:30:23,666 --> 00:30:26,500
is either have some sort of 
fence around your vehicle,

762
00:30:26,500 --> 00:30:27,533
put it in the garage,

763
00:30:27,533 --> 00:30:31,900
or try to trap down those 
rabbits in your particular area,

764
00:30:31,900 --> 00:30:33,466
or reduce the population.

765
00:30:33,466 --> 00:30:36,233
The problem is, is that 
we have some vehicles

766
00:30:36,233 --> 00:30:40,900
are using organic 
type of wiring now,

767
00:30:40,900 --> 00:30:41,866
for the installation,

768
00:30:41,866 --> 00:30:44,700
and that seems to be some 
thought, it's called Soy.

769
00:30:44,700 --> 00:30:46,533
And some people believe 
that that's, actually,

770
00:30:46,533 --> 00:30:49,633
encouraging more 
gnawing on these wires.

771
00:30:49,633 --> 00:30:50,500
- [Jack] Okay, thank you.

772
00:30:50,500 --> 00:30:51,966
- [Mac] It doesn't 
happen in my old truck.

773
00:30:51,966 --> 00:30:55,166
(group laughing)

774
00:30:55,166 --> 00:30:57,433
- If you've ever been to 
the Bugaboos in Canada,

775
00:30:57,433 --> 00:31:01,266
outside of Fernie, you drive 
down a really long gravel road.

776
00:31:01,266 --> 00:31:02,866
One that you don't want to,

777
00:31:02,866 --> 00:31:04,800
you don't want to 
have car trouble on.

778
00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:06,900
And when you get 
to the trail head,

779
00:31:06,900 --> 00:31:09,700
people wrap their 
cars in chicken wire,

780
00:31:09,700 --> 00:31:11,000
around the base,

781
00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:12,066
and put rocks on the base,

782
00:31:12,066 --> 00:31:15,700
because they had a really 
bad problem of porcupines

783
00:31:15,700 --> 00:31:18,333
chewing vulcanized rubber hoses.

784
00:31:18,333 --> 00:31:20,866
And so, it could be a 
tough, tough out there.

785
00:31:20,866 --> 00:31:23,666
So, I have seen 
chicken wire and rocks.

786
00:31:23,666 --> 00:31:25,933
- That'll work. That will work.

787
00:31:25,933 --> 00:31:27,233
- We learned something 
again tonight.

788
00:31:27,233 --> 00:31:29,600
- That will work.

789
00:31:29,600 --> 00:31:32,800
- We're going to do a little 
promo after this next question.

790
00:31:32,800 --> 00:31:34,233
So, I'll let the studio know

791
00:31:34,233 --> 00:31:35,800
that I'm going to 
plug a little thing

792
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:40,800
called, Annie's Project, 
after I ask a question.

793
00:31:41,833 --> 00:31:45,266
Will there be herbicide 
carry-over caused

794
00:31:45,266 --> 00:31:46,400
That's a good question.

795
00:31:48,000 --> 00:31:50,833
- I would say likely. Yes.

796
00:31:50,833 --> 00:31:53,700
It's a hard thing to predict.

797
00:31:53,700 --> 00:31:57,566
So, when we use herbicides 
in our crop fields,

798
00:31:57,566 --> 00:32:00,633
we often use molecules

799
00:32:00,633 --> 00:32:04,000
that have what we call, 
a residual half-life.

800
00:32:04,000 --> 00:32:06,233
And we want them to 
stay in the field

801
00:32:06,233 --> 00:32:09,200
to continue to affect the weeds.

802
00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:12,300
But, when most herbicides 
are broken down,

803
00:32:12,300 --> 00:32:16,466
either through a chemical 
reaction that requires water,

804
00:32:16,466 --> 00:32:20,400
or microbes consume it, and 
they also require water.

805
00:32:20,400 --> 00:32:22,666
So, in these really 
dry drought years

806
00:32:22,666 --> 00:32:25,400
that we've had this year,

807
00:32:25,400 --> 00:32:29,500
sometimes the half-life of 
that herbicide is longer.

808
00:32:29,500 --> 00:32:32,300
So, it takes longer 
for it to break down.

809
00:32:32,300 --> 00:32:35,900
So next year, there 
may well be issues

810
00:32:35,900 --> 00:32:39,833
of herbicide carry-over from 
things that were applied year.

811
00:32:39,833 --> 00:32:42,600
I know in Canada, 
they've made some,

812
00:32:42,600 --> 00:32:45,400
in Saskatchewan, Alberta,

813
00:32:45,400 --> 00:32:49,533
they've some of the companies 
have really talked about,

814
00:32:49,533 --> 00:32:51,266
"Be careful with pulses

815
00:32:51,266 --> 00:32:54,133
and be careful with 
oil seeds next year,

816
00:32:54,133 --> 00:32:56,633
where you've sprayed certain 
residual herbicides."

817
00:32:56,633 --> 00:32:58,800
So, it definitely could 
be a problem next year.

818
00:32:58,800 --> 00:33:02,500
- Okay. I'm going to bring 
up a little a blurb here,

819
00:33:02,500 --> 00:33:05,066
there's a project 
going on in the state

820
00:33:05,066 --> 00:33:07,066
called Annie's Project.

821
00:33:07,066 --> 00:33:12,233
And they're promoting 
empowering women in agriculture.

822
00:33:12,233 --> 00:33:14,466
And that's a six-week program

823
00:33:14,466 --> 00:33:17,800
that starts, actually, 
tomorrow night, virtually.

824
00:33:17,800 --> 00:33:22,266
It starts at 6:00 PM, 
goes to 8:30. It is $50.

825
00:33:23,333 --> 00:33:26,000
And I tell you, what I've 
heard about this program,

826
00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:28,133
it's absolutely incredible.

827
00:33:28,133 --> 00:33:30,300
Women are playing such 
a more important role

828
00:33:30,300 --> 00:33:31,600
in agriculture every year.

829
00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:34,533
This would be a good chance 
to interact with those women

830
00:33:34,533 --> 00:33:37,033
who are involved 
with agriculture.

831
00:33:37,033 --> 00:33:39,500
If you're interested 
in joining that group

832
00:33:39,500 --> 00:33:43,900
starting tomorrow night, you 
can get a hold of Katrin Finch.

833
00:33:43,900 --> 00:33:45,800
And her number is

834
00:33:45,800 --> 00:33:48,700
(406) 454-6980.

835
00:33:51,200 --> 00:33:53,133
And I'll repeat that 
phone number again,

836
00:33:53,133 --> 00:33:55,966
in about 10 minutes, if 
you didn't have a pen.

837
00:33:55,966 --> 00:33:57,933
But, folks, this 
is a great program.

838
00:33:57,933 --> 00:33:59,666
It's a chance to 
learn something.

839
00:33:59,666 --> 00:34:02,100
If I weren't going 
to be gone a lot,

840
00:34:02,100 --> 00:34:04,333
I would be joining 
this group tomorrow.

841
00:34:04,333 --> 00:34:05,533
So, anyway.

842
00:34:05,533 --> 00:34:06,833
- [Uta] But you're 
not a woman, Jack.

843
00:34:06,833 --> 00:34:08,933
- I know, but you can 
still learn, right?

844
00:34:08,933 --> 00:34:10,500
(group laughing)

845
00:34:10,500 --> 00:34:11,966
And, actually, 
that's a good point.

846
00:34:11,966 --> 00:34:14,900
I think next year, we're going 
to really take a special look

847
00:34:14,900 --> 00:34:18,400
at women in agriculture, 
on this particular program.

848
00:34:18,400 --> 00:34:19,566
It's high time we do.

849
00:34:19,566 --> 00:34:21,700
And they play a 
very critical role

850
00:34:21,700 --> 00:34:23,566
in today's agricultural picture.

851
00:34:25,466 --> 00:34:26,433
Why have you, Uta-

852
00:34:28,500 --> 00:34:32,100
This person would like to know,

853
00:34:32,100 --> 00:34:34,066
is there anything 
special they should do

854
00:34:34,066 --> 00:34:35,866
to prepare their 
garden for winter?

855
00:34:35,866 --> 00:34:37,733
And Mac, you can jump into.

856
00:34:37,733 --> 00:34:39,500
You guys, just hop on it.

857
00:34:39,500 --> 00:34:40,966
- Yeah, I think that's 
a great question.

858
00:34:40,966 --> 00:34:43,366
And I guess applause to 
the person for, you know,

859
00:34:43,366 --> 00:34:45,800
thinking about that and 
asking that question.

860
00:34:47,100 --> 00:34:48,600
You know, I think there 
are a lot of things,

861
00:34:48,600 --> 00:34:50,766
we already talked about leaves.

862
00:34:50,766 --> 00:34:54,700
I want to add here, if 
you have a tree or shrub

863
00:34:54,700 --> 00:34:56,900
in your yard or in your garden

864
00:34:56,900 --> 00:34:59,733
that has some disease issues 
and foliar disease issue,

865
00:34:59,733 --> 00:35:01,300
I would think it's 
especially important

866
00:35:01,300 --> 00:35:04,900
that you rake up those leaves 
and actually dispose of them.

867
00:35:04,900 --> 00:35:08,233
So, put them in the garbage 
rather than composting them.

868
00:35:09,533 --> 00:35:11,400
'Cause those leaves 
can often, you know,

869
00:35:11,400 --> 00:35:14,033
be a place where the 
pathogen overwinters

870
00:35:14,033 --> 00:35:17,600
and then re-infect the tree 
in new, the next season.

871
00:35:17,600 --> 00:35:20,466
And then while we're talking 
about, you know, sick plants,

872
00:35:20,466 --> 00:35:21,833
I'm a pathologist.

873
00:35:21,833 --> 00:35:24,833
So, I think it's a great 
idea at the end of the season

874
00:35:24,833 --> 00:35:28,700
to sanitize your garden tools 
to really kill off the germs

875
00:35:28,700 --> 00:35:30,933
that, you know, are 
maybe residing on there.

876
00:35:30,933 --> 00:35:35,800
So, your tools that 
you use for pruning,

877
00:35:35,800 --> 00:35:36,866
but also for example,

878
00:35:36,866 --> 00:35:39,766
your wheel barrel or other 
things that you carry sod with.

879
00:35:39,766 --> 00:35:41,266
Your pots, once 
you've emptied them,

880
00:35:41,266 --> 00:35:44,033
you want to wash them, 
rinse them, sanitize them.

881
00:35:44,033 --> 00:35:45,800
That would be something 
important to do,

882
00:35:45,800 --> 00:35:49,400
and just sets you up for a 
successful season the next year.

883
00:35:49,400 --> 00:35:51,033
- I agree. Anything 
you want to add?

884
00:35:51,033 --> 00:35:52,233
- Yeah. Clean up.

885
00:35:52,233 --> 00:35:54,900
Look for your tools, and bring 
them inside, and oil handles.

886
00:35:54,900 --> 00:35:57,833
- So, my frozen, 
cold cucumber vines

887
00:35:57,833 --> 00:35:59,833
that still have the 
last stragglers,

888
00:35:59,833 --> 00:36:02,366
I should go clean those up and 
pull them out of the garden?

889
00:36:02,366 --> 00:36:03,866
- You know, it's probably 
not the end of the world.

890
00:36:03,866 --> 00:36:06,966
But, you know, in this 
number, of specific cases,

891
00:36:06,966 --> 00:36:07,766
are mind boggling.

892
00:36:07,766 --> 00:36:09,633
But, there are diseases and pest

893
00:36:09,633 --> 00:36:12,666
that will proliferate 
on, you know,

894
00:36:12,666 --> 00:36:15,033
either from the presence 
from your old cucumber vine,

895
00:36:15,033 --> 00:36:16,500
or just having residue 
on the surface residue.

896
00:36:16,500 --> 00:36:18,433
And residue on the 
surface can be good

897
00:36:18,433 --> 00:36:21,100
for many aspects 
of soil quality,

898
00:36:21,100 --> 00:36:23,533
but they can also 
harbor pests, and so.

899
00:36:23,533 --> 00:36:26,400
Some fall tillage, or 
just turning things over

900
00:36:26,400 --> 00:36:27,733
and covering things up,

901
00:36:27,733 --> 00:36:30,733
can be beneficial from some of 
the insect pest perspectives.

902
00:36:31,733 --> 00:36:33,233
- Okay. Thank you, folks.

903
00:36:33,233 --> 00:36:34,466
Stephen. From Billings,

904
00:36:34,466 --> 00:36:37,833
this person has soft-wooded 
trees in a ditch

905
00:36:37,833 --> 00:36:40,266
that are about six 
inches in circumference.

906
00:36:40,266 --> 00:36:43,400
They're being gnawed 
down by a beaver.

907
00:36:43,400 --> 00:36:44,800
How do you get rid 
of these beaver

908
00:36:44,800 --> 00:36:47,500
without destroying the 
ditch bank behind your home?

909
00:36:48,500 --> 00:36:50,000
Legally.

910
00:36:50,000 --> 00:36:51,366
- Well, you'd want 
to be trapping.

911
00:36:51,366 --> 00:36:53,233
And so, seasons should be here.

912
00:36:53,233 --> 00:36:55,400
I think it's seasons 
going on right now.

913
00:36:55,400 --> 00:36:57,233
So, if you can 
find a fur trapper,

914
00:36:57,233 --> 00:36:59,200
who'd be interested in 
trapping those beaver,

915
00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:02,233
then that would certainly be 
the easiest way to go forward.

916
00:37:02,233 --> 00:37:03,600
Otherwise, you're looking at

917
00:37:03,600 --> 00:37:06,266
either some sort of 
fencing situation,

918
00:37:06,266 --> 00:37:10,600
or a mixture of paint 
and masonry sand,

919
00:37:10,600 --> 00:37:13,133
that can sometimes 
be placed on trees

920
00:37:13,133 --> 00:37:14,633
to prevent their gnawing.

921
00:37:14,633 --> 00:37:16,033
It's not a foolproof.

922
00:37:16,033 --> 00:37:17,766
And so, generally speaking,

923
00:37:17,766 --> 00:37:20,366
if the beaver doesn't have 
alternative trees to feed on,

924
00:37:20,366 --> 00:37:21,333
it's not going to be something

925
00:37:21,333 --> 00:37:23,200
that's going to be 
very effective for you.

926
00:37:23,200 --> 00:37:25,100
So, I think if you're 
having tree damage,

927
00:37:25,100 --> 00:37:27,766
trapping and removal system

928
00:37:27,766 --> 00:37:30,200
is going to be the 
way forward for you.

929
00:37:30,200 --> 00:37:31,400
- Okay. Thank you.

930
00:37:33,800 --> 00:37:35,500
I like this one. Mac, you ready?

931
00:37:35,500 --> 00:37:37,166
- Okay. What do we got?

932
00:37:37,166 --> 00:37:42,233
This person from Townsend, 
like Split Pea soup.

933
00:37:42,233 --> 00:37:44,300
They want to know 
why Split Pea soup

934
00:37:44,300 --> 00:37:47,466
is always made with green 
peas and not yellow peas?

935
00:37:48,666 --> 00:37:49,800
- You can make it 
with yellow peas

936
00:37:49,800 --> 00:37:51,333
and just call it, "Dal," right?

937
00:37:51,333 --> 00:37:53,000
(group laughing)

938
00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:55,266
- Well, I, you know, if you 
ordered in a restaurant,

939
00:37:55,266 --> 00:37:57,733
and I happen to like it, 
it's always green peas.

940
00:37:57,733 --> 00:38:01,900
Is there a nutritional 
reason or quality reason?

941
00:38:01,900 --> 00:38:04,166
- You know, the yellow 
peas and yellow lentils

942
00:38:04,166 --> 00:38:06,900
are eaten in other countries,

943
00:38:06,900 --> 00:38:09,466
and, you know, enjoy 
them too. They're great.

944
00:38:09,466 --> 00:38:11,300
But yeah, green are 
traditional, I guess.

945
00:38:11,300 --> 00:38:13,966
- This summer, at 
a cropping tour,

946
00:38:13,966 --> 00:38:15,700
The Streetery out of Havard,

947
00:38:15,700 --> 00:38:19,766
they actually made some really 
delicious Yellow Pea hummus.

948
00:38:19,766 --> 00:38:20,866
- [Jack] I like that.

949
00:38:20,866 --> 00:38:21,800
- Yep.

950
00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:24,966
- Yeah. I do those 
Crimson-red lentils

951
00:38:24,966 --> 00:38:27,100
that are decorticated 
and they're, kind of,

952
00:38:27,100 --> 00:38:31,866
pink-red in color and they 
make a real nice soup.

953
00:38:31,866 --> 00:38:32,700
- Okay.

954
00:38:32,700 --> 00:38:34,066
- If you want to call it that?

955
00:38:34,066 --> 00:38:36,266
- Well, have- 
- A little bit of garlic.

956
00:38:36,266 --> 00:38:38,333
- Isn't that what 
pulse means, right?

957
00:38:38,333 --> 00:38:39,633
Pulse means- 
- [Jack] Soup.

958
00:38:39,633 --> 00:38:43,666
- Yeah, pulse means, 
soup or a stew. Yeah.

959
00:38:43,666 --> 00:38:46,300
- Okay. Well, now that 
we got that settled.

960
00:38:46,300 --> 00:38:47,666
- [Uta] I'm getting hungry.

961
00:38:47,666 --> 00:38:48,500
(group laughing)

962
00:38:48,500 --> 00:38:49,333
- Yeah.

963
00:38:52,333 --> 00:38:54,466
Steve, and this is 
another interesting one.

964
00:38:54,466 --> 00:38:57,933
From Plains, the caller 
has seen and heard

965
00:38:57,933 --> 00:39:00,100
of plastic sunflowers 
that are placed

966
00:39:00,100 --> 00:39:02,000
in the ground by plants.

967
00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:05,500
They make a noise and scare 
away voles and rabbits.

968
00:39:05,500 --> 00:39:07,100
Have you heard of that before?

969
00:39:07,933 --> 00:39:11,733
- Not that specific 
frightening device.

970
00:39:11,733 --> 00:39:13,066
I'd love to hear more about it,

971
00:39:13,066 --> 00:39:15,233
but here's the rule of thumb.

972
00:39:15,233 --> 00:39:17,433
The rule of thumb for 
wildlife control is,

973
00:39:17,433 --> 00:39:19,733
"If it's easy, and 
something simple,

974
00:39:19,733 --> 00:39:21,500
and inexpensive, and 
you want to do it,

975
00:39:21,500 --> 00:39:23,233
it probably won't work."

976
00:39:23,233 --> 00:39:27,433
So, unfortunately, that's 
just the reality of it.

977
00:39:27,433 --> 00:39:29,766
The reason is because 
the animal can come at it

978
00:39:29,766 --> 00:39:31,133
from a different angle.

979
00:39:31,133 --> 00:39:32,666
Like, you know, people 
will try repellents

980
00:39:32,666 --> 00:39:33,800
of various forms,

981
00:39:33,800 --> 00:39:35,800
and often they don't 
have the kind of success

982
00:39:35,800 --> 00:39:37,133
that people want to have.

983
00:39:37,133 --> 00:39:39,066
So, I would be highly skeptical.

984
00:39:39,066 --> 00:39:42,633
I have photo of a 
vibrating-type device

985
00:39:42,633 --> 00:39:44,966
that was used to repel voles,

986
00:39:44,966 --> 00:39:47,200
and you can see the 
vole damage around it.

987
00:39:47,200 --> 00:39:50,866
A lot of this stuff 
simply doesn't work.

988
00:39:50,866 --> 00:39:54,100
So, I would be very cautious 
about putting money into that.

989
00:39:54,100 --> 00:39:54,900
- Why I have you up,

990
00:39:54,900 --> 00:39:57,100
and we have a lot of 
questions about voles,

991
00:39:57,100 --> 00:39:58,166
and every time you're on,

992
00:39:58,166 --> 00:40:01,000
we get a lot of 
questions about voles.

993
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:04,066
It comes down to, most 
people want to know,

994
00:40:04,066 --> 00:40:06,666
what's the best 
way to trap voles?

995
00:40:06,666 --> 00:40:09,466
And I think you probably 
sent some pictures down

996
00:40:09,466 --> 00:40:10,933
showing vole traps, or am I-

997
00:40:10,933 --> 00:40:13,600
- And I have a publication, 
on our website,

998
00:40:13,600 --> 00:40:14,600
on vole control.

999
00:40:14,600 --> 00:40:17,966
So, if you can find the 
trails, take your mouse trap.

1000
00:40:17,966 --> 00:40:21,166
You want to use an 
expanded trigger mousetrap,

1001
00:40:21,166 --> 00:40:22,533
and you don't even 
need to bait it.

1002
00:40:22,533 --> 00:40:24,133
You can then put 
it perpendicular

1003
00:40:24,133 --> 00:40:27,166
so that the trigger 
is right in the trail,

1004
00:40:27,166 --> 00:40:30,533
and just line them up, and 
start trapping your voles.

1005
00:40:30,533 --> 00:40:32,966
You can also use your 
multiple-catch mousetraps,

1006
00:40:32,966 --> 00:40:35,100
and just put the opening 
right in the trail,

1007
00:40:35,100 --> 00:40:37,066
and they'll run right in.

1008
00:40:37,066 --> 00:40:39,033
Vole aren't that smart.

1009
00:40:39,033 --> 00:40:40,600
And just trap aggressively.

1010
00:40:40,600 --> 00:40:42,366
And keep that debris down,

1011
00:40:42,366 --> 00:40:44,300
and that's going to be 
very important for you.

1012
00:40:44,300 --> 00:40:45,700
- So, right now is the time?

1013
00:40:46,900 --> 00:40:49,300
- Troll, aggressively, 
now before the snow hits.

1014
00:40:49,300 --> 00:40:50,133
- Yep.

1015
00:40:50,133 --> 00:40:51,000
- Okay. Thank you.

1016
00:40:51,000 --> 00:40:52,566
- Absolutely.

1017
00:40:52,566 --> 00:40:54,133
- Uta, you had 
something here earlier,

1018
00:40:54,133 --> 00:40:55,666
that you're showing me.

1019
00:40:55,666 --> 00:40:57,300
You want to show the 
audience what you have here,

1020
00:40:57,300 --> 00:40:58,866
as kind of a show and tell?

1021
00:40:58,866 --> 00:41:02,066
- All right. I wanted to 
or I brought along today,

1022
00:41:02,066 --> 00:41:05,566
the, what's it called? 
It's a calendar.

1023
00:41:05,566 --> 00:41:09,400
It's produced by the 
Urban IPM program,

1024
00:41:10,300 --> 00:41:13,666
or the it's the MSU 
Extension IPM program.

1025
00:41:13,666 --> 00:41:15,766
But, this calendar is 
specifically focusing

1026
00:41:15,766 --> 00:41:18,200
on Urban IPM, and 
it's for next year.

1027
00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:20,900
So, this is a great 
time to grab some,

1028
00:41:20,900 --> 00:41:23,466
and then, you know, give it 
to your friends and neighbors,

1029
00:41:23,466 --> 00:41:24,633
or hang it up in your house.

1030
00:41:24,633 --> 00:41:26,333
So, it's really pretty.

1031
00:41:26,333 --> 00:41:28,533
I hope, you know, you 
can already make that out

1032
00:41:28,533 --> 00:41:29,366
from the cover,

1033
00:41:29,366 --> 00:41:30,900
but what's really 
nice about this,

1034
00:41:30,900 --> 00:41:35,900
is it has, for every month of 
the year, some tips, you know,

1035
00:41:37,100 --> 00:41:40,800
that are just around house 
and garden care, et cetera.

1036
00:41:42,533 --> 00:41:45,800
And yeah, it's a, kind 
of, a product that is,

1037
00:41:47,300 --> 00:41:49,333
you know, we put a 
lot of effort in,

1038
00:41:49,333 --> 00:41:52,100
and it turns out 
really nice every year.

1039
00:41:52,100 --> 00:41:54,466
So, if you are 
interested in these,

1040
00:41:54,466 --> 00:41:57,700
they are for free, and every 
county extension office

1041
00:41:57,700 --> 00:42:02,433
across the state has several 
of those laying around.

1042
00:42:02,433 --> 00:42:05,666
So, you just stopped 
by, and ask for a copy,

1043
00:42:05,666 --> 00:42:08,500
and it's yours.

1044
00:42:08,500 --> 00:42:10,866
- I've been into a 
lot of nursery shops

1045
00:42:10,866 --> 00:42:14,266
over the last few years, 
stocking up on plants

1046
00:42:14,266 --> 00:42:16,333
that the voles have 
eaten and so forth.

1047
00:42:16,333 --> 00:42:21,066
But anyways, I see those in 
most of these nursery shops.

1048
00:42:21,066 --> 00:42:22,000
And I think they're great.

1049
00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:23,966
And thank you for showing us.

1050
00:42:23,966 --> 00:42:25,233
Stephen.

1051
00:42:25,233 --> 00:42:26,066
- Yes.

1052
00:42:26,066 --> 00:42:26,900
- Back to you.

1053
00:42:26,900 --> 00:42:29,633
And this one, I can 
kind of relate to.

1054
00:42:29,633 --> 00:42:32,333
From Missoula, this 
caller has a skunk

1055
00:42:32,333 --> 00:42:35,000
in the basement of 
her older house.

1056
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:36,300
How can she get rid of it?

1057
00:42:37,600 --> 00:42:40,066
- Okay, well, I have a 
publication on skunks as well.

1058
00:42:40,066 --> 00:42:41,933
So, you want to get a cage trap

1059
00:42:41,933 --> 00:42:44,733
that is at least 7 x 7 x 24.

1060
00:42:44,733 --> 00:42:48,333
And then you also want to 
get an old cloth cover.

1061
00:42:48,333 --> 00:42:49,900
You can use a larger 
trap if you wish,

1062
00:42:49,900 --> 00:42:52,733
but the minimum size 
would be 7 x 7 x 24,

1063
00:42:52,733 --> 00:42:53,566
and that's an inches.

1064
00:42:53,566 --> 00:42:55,100
And so, you'd want 
to get a cover,

1065
00:42:55,100 --> 00:42:56,466
some sort of an old cloth,

1066
00:42:56,466 --> 00:42:59,033
that would cover at least half 
of the length of the trap,

1067
00:42:59,033 --> 00:43:00,366
typically, where 
the bait area is.

1068
00:43:00,366 --> 00:43:02,800
Get some fried chicken.

1069
00:43:02,800 --> 00:43:05,800
Set your trap so 
it's a very stable,

1070
00:43:05,800 --> 00:43:07,766
you don't want any 
movement in that trap

1071
00:43:07,766 --> 00:43:08,733
when the skunks walk it in.

1072
00:43:08,733 --> 00:43:10,400
Put the fried 
chicken in the back.

1073
00:43:10,400 --> 00:43:13,833
Cover the trap so you have 
a blind place to come to.

1074
00:43:13,833 --> 00:43:15,466
And then capture it.

1075
00:43:15,466 --> 00:43:17,866
And that way, when 
you capture it,

1076
00:43:17,866 --> 00:43:21,000
you can then take it out of 
your basement and let it loose,

1077
00:43:21,000 --> 00:43:22,966
if you let loose your backyard,

1078
00:43:22,966 --> 00:43:25,166
or dispatch it, accordingly.

1079
00:43:26,400 --> 00:43:28,933
But, you know, you're not 
going to be trans-locating it.

1080
00:43:28,933 --> 00:43:30,300
If you're gentle with that trap,

1081
00:43:30,300 --> 00:43:31,800
you shouldn't have 
the skunk smelling,

1082
00:43:31,800 --> 00:43:35,533
Make sure you know how 
to set and open the door.

1083
00:43:35,533 --> 00:43:37,400
Because once the skunks inside,

1084
00:43:37,400 --> 00:43:38,500
if you're going to 
be releasing it,

1085
00:43:38,500 --> 00:43:41,200
you need to be sure you know 
how to quickly open that door.

1086
00:43:41,200 --> 00:43:43,766
You're always wearing 
gloves and safety equipment.

1087
00:43:43,766 --> 00:43:46,566
Happy to give you more 
advice from my publication,

1088
00:43:46,566 --> 00:43:48,533
or you can call me, as well.

1089
00:43:48,533 --> 00:43:51,466
That's basically it. 
It's pretty easy project.

1090
00:43:51,466 --> 00:43:53,833
- Okay. I'm going to 
follow-up skunk, a little bit,

1091
00:43:53,833 --> 00:43:55,600
because I learned 
something this year

1092
00:43:55,600 --> 00:43:57,833
from one of my 
golden retrievers.

1093
00:43:57,833 --> 00:44:00,033
If they get skunked,

1094
00:44:00,033 --> 00:44:01,900
or you get a little bit,

1095
00:44:01,900 --> 00:44:03,466
and you treat 'em 
with something like,

1096
00:44:03,466 --> 00:44:05,433
Skunk-Off, or some 
of these products,

1097
00:44:05,433 --> 00:44:07,966
you have to do it before 
you give them a bath.

1098
00:44:07,966 --> 00:44:10,266
Is that correct? And if so, why?

1099
00:44:10,266 --> 00:44:13,733
- Well, I recommend when 
people are having a dog issue,

1100
00:44:13,733 --> 00:44:16,500
you want to be sure, don't 
let the dog in the house.

1101
00:44:16,500 --> 00:44:18,066
That's very important.

1102
00:44:18,066 --> 00:44:19,800
Wear gloves.

1103
00:44:19,800 --> 00:44:21,133
And then you want to 
be wearing gloves,

1104
00:44:21,133 --> 00:44:22,333
and you want to use a product-

1105
00:44:22,333 --> 00:44:24,933
You want to use a 
cup of baking soda,

1106
00:44:26,966 --> 00:44:30,866
a pint, or I think it's a 
quart of hydrogen peroxide,

1107
00:44:30,866 --> 00:44:33,600
and one tablespoon of 
liquid dish detergent.

1108
00:44:33,600 --> 00:44:34,800
Mix that fresh,

1109
00:44:34,800 --> 00:44:37,533
and then simply 
place it, you know,

1110
00:44:37,533 --> 00:44:39,766
pour that over where the dog-

1111
00:44:39,766 --> 00:44:41,800
Keep it out of the 
dog's mouth and eyes.

1112
00:44:41,800 --> 00:44:44,000
And it actually 
de-natures the odor.

1113
00:44:44,000 --> 00:44:45,366
Don't use tomato juice.

1114
00:44:45,366 --> 00:44:46,766
Don't use a lot of 
this other stuff.

1115
00:44:46,766 --> 00:44:48,566
Skunk-Off may work,

1116
00:44:48,566 --> 00:44:52,200
but you'll find that the 
hydrogen peroxide formula

1117
00:44:53,766 --> 00:44:57,266
is chemically proven to 
denature the odor, and so.

1118
00:44:57,266 --> 00:44:58,633
- [Jack] It's a lot cheaper. 
- And it's cheap.

1119
00:44:58,633 --> 00:45:01,600
- It's very easy to 
use. Just mix it fresh.

1120
00:45:01,600 --> 00:45:02,666
Don't mix it in advance.

1121
00:45:02,666 --> 00:45:04,633
Just keep the materials 
around. It's very good,

1122
00:45:04,633 --> 00:45:06,033
But, don't let that 
dog in the house,

1123
00:45:06,033 --> 00:45:08,233
because that odor 
can just contaminate

1124
00:45:08,233 --> 00:45:09,900
a whole host of things,

1125
00:45:09,900 --> 00:45:12,600
and you'll rule-the-day if 
it gets into your house.

1126
00:45:12,600 --> 00:45:15,133
- My dog was out in the 
garage for a lot longer

1127
00:45:15,133 --> 00:45:17,500
and he preferred to be 
there, I will tell you that.

1128
00:45:17,500 --> 00:45:20,266
(group laughing)

1129
00:45:21,633 --> 00:45:25,266
Another question, this isn't 
on peas, this is on lentils.

1130
00:45:25,266 --> 00:45:28,400
Mac said that he 
uses red lentils.

1131
00:45:28,400 --> 00:45:31,300
Can you actually tell 
the difference in tastes

1132
00:45:31,300 --> 00:45:33,833
of their various, 
different colored lentils?

1133
00:45:35,533 --> 00:45:37,100
- I don't know if you 
could do the taste.

1134
00:45:37,100 --> 00:45:40,200
There's definitely textural 
differences and size differences

1135
00:45:40,200 --> 00:45:41,300
among them.

1136
00:45:41,300 --> 00:45:43,000
But, some of the smaller ones

1137
00:45:43,000 --> 00:45:44,500
that have their seed 
coat on them still,

1138
00:45:44,500 --> 00:45:46,800
can stay kind of 
crunchy or al dente.

1139
00:45:46,800 --> 00:45:49,900
And then, your typical 
green lentils, you know,

1140
00:45:49,900 --> 00:45:51,700
you taste the- Not you taste.

1141
00:45:51,700 --> 00:45:54,066
You experience the 
fiber on the skins,

1142
00:45:54,066 --> 00:45:56,200
and those red lentils 
I was talking about,

1143
00:45:56,200 --> 00:45:58,466
those do turn into a 
much smoother texture

1144
00:45:58,466 --> 00:46:00,933
because those skins 
have been rubbed off.

1145
00:46:00,933 --> 00:46:03,433
- Yeah. They cook much 
mushier, quicklier,

1146
00:46:03,433 --> 00:46:05,033
where you end up 
with more like a dal,

1147
00:46:05,033 --> 00:46:06,433
or something like that.

1148
00:46:06,433 --> 00:46:08,866
Where as, the green 
lentils tend to, at least-

1149
00:46:08,866 --> 00:46:10,766
Yeah, I think it's texture.

1150
00:46:10,766 --> 00:46:12,300
- Yeah, they stay 
a little chewier.

1151
00:46:12,300 --> 00:46:14,066
And then there's some of 
those small ones, like I said,

1152
00:46:14,066 --> 00:46:16,000
you know, especially, if 
you don't cook them as long,

1153
00:46:16,000 --> 00:46:17,700
they can have more 
of an al dente-

1154
00:46:18,733 --> 00:46:19,566
- [Jack] Okay. Thank you.

1155
00:46:19,566 --> 00:46:20,400
- Experience.

1156
00:46:20,400 --> 00:46:22,666
I'd like to do a blind 
taste test on you.

1157
00:46:22,666 --> 00:46:25,733
We'll see if he can 
tell 'em apart. (laughs)

1158
00:46:25,733 --> 00:46:28,066
- I'm going to another good 
one for Stephen, in a minute.

1159
00:46:28,066 --> 00:46:29,166
But, before we do that,

1160
00:46:29,166 --> 00:46:31,900
I have another one here 
that fascinates me.

1161
00:46:31,900 --> 00:46:33,700
This person from Conrad,

1162
00:46:33,700 --> 00:46:35,300
wants to know the 
difference between

1163
00:46:35,300 --> 00:46:37,400
wild oats and regular oats.

1164
00:46:38,400 --> 00:46:39,900
- Wild oats and regular oats,

1165
00:46:39,900 --> 00:46:42,766
they're both in the 
same genus of plants,

1166
00:46:42,766 --> 00:46:44,033
and that's Avena.

1167
00:46:44,033 --> 00:46:45,533
So, when you go to 
the grocery store,

1168
00:46:45,533 --> 00:46:47,700
and you look at the 
Avena soap on the aisle,

1169
00:46:47,700 --> 00:46:49,700
it'll be called, 
"Aveeno" or something.

1170
00:46:50,600 --> 00:46:53,100
They are two different species.

1171
00:46:53,100 --> 00:46:57,400
Cultivated oats are 
much larger in size

1172
00:46:57,400 --> 00:46:59,966
and their seed coat 
is not as tough.

1173
00:46:59,966 --> 00:47:03,466
Wild oats are, you know,

1174
00:47:03,466 --> 00:47:05,300
we have to sew our wild oats,

1175
00:47:05,300 --> 00:47:07,400
and they're pretty tough seeds.

1176
00:47:07,400 --> 00:47:09,800
They live a long time. They 
have a thick seed coat,

1177
00:47:09,800 --> 00:47:14,000
and there's not as much sort 
of germ plasm in there to eat.

1178
00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:16,200
The actual genus of 
plants is pretty big.

1179
00:47:16,200 --> 00:47:20,833
There's a lot of wild 
oat grasses and oat

1180
00:47:20,833 --> 00:47:23,166
- So, what makes them weedy 
is that seed dormancy then?

1181
00:47:23,166 --> 00:47:24,800
- Yeah, the seed dormancy,

1182
00:47:26,166 --> 00:47:31,166
they grow more rapidly and 
their fruit is smaller.

1183
00:47:31,966 --> 00:47:34,466
- We get resistance to 
wild oats, quite rapidly,

1184
00:47:34,466 --> 00:47:36,933
with the herbicides that 
we've used, is that correct?

1185
00:47:36,933 --> 00:47:40,700
- Yes, we do, in Montana,

1186
00:47:40,700 --> 00:47:43,033
herbicide-resistant, 
wild oats is, probably,

1187
00:47:43,033 --> 00:47:44,366
one of our biggest problems

1188
00:47:44,366 --> 00:47:46,233
when it comes to 
herbicide resistance.

1189
00:47:46,233 --> 00:47:49,600
And we do have multiple 
herbicide-resistant wild oats.

1190
00:47:49,600 --> 00:47:51,300
And the Fairfield Bench,

1191
00:47:51,300 --> 00:47:53,000
I think with the 
irrigated barley,

1192
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:54,633
or some of the barley 
that's been up there,

1193
00:47:54,633 --> 00:47:56,466
was a real focal point of it

1194
00:47:56,466 --> 00:47:59,133
in the 90s and the early 2000s,

1195
00:47:59,133 --> 00:48:01,533
but it's also spread 
across the state.

1196
00:48:01,533 --> 00:48:03,333
And now, we have 
wild oat problems

1197
00:48:03,333 --> 00:48:06,366
where we have resistance 
to the grassy herbicides

1198
00:48:06,366 --> 00:48:10,066
that we would normally use in 
peas, and lentils, and pulses.

1199
00:48:10,066 --> 00:48:13,366
And so, wild oat can become 
problematic in there too.

1200
00:48:13,366 --> 00:48:15,566
But, it's definitely 
more of a spring wheat,

1201
00:48:15,566 --> 00:48:17,966
so it's a spring 
wheat, pulse crop weed,

1202
00:48:17,966 --> 00:48:19,800
not so much a winter wheat weed.

1203
00:48:19,800 --> 00:48:21,400
- Okay. Thank you.

1204
00:48:21,400 --> 00:48:23,666
Stephen, question from Missoula,

1205
00:48:23,666 --> 00:48:27,400
and they say they are 
plagued by Fox squirrels.

1206
00:48:27,400 --> 00:48:30,600
Once they found this 
person's Apricot tree,

1207
00:48:30,600 --> 00:48:32,300
they never tasted a ripe one.

1208
00:48:32,300 --> 00:48:34,066
They only want the 
innermost core,

1209
00:48:34,066 --> 00:48:37,866
the fruit is discorded, 
and my dog's gave up.

1210
00:48:37,866 --> 00:48:40,533
Had a similar problem 
with raccoons.

1211
00:48:40,533 --> 00:48:43,366
Is it time to get rid of 
the apricots and plums,

1212
00:48:43,366 --> 00:48:45,700
or any suggestions?

1213
00:48:45,700 --> 00:48:48,466
- No, I think that, you know, 
you have a couple of options.

1214
00:48:48,466 --> 00:48:50,833
One, you know, population 
reduction, of course,

1215
00:48:50,833 --> 00:48:55,333
but also though, that 
flashing wrapping of the tree

1216
00:48:55,333 --> 00:48:57,200
is certainly something 
to be thinking about,

1217
00:48:57,200 --> 00:48:59,700
especially if your tree 
is relatively isolated,

1218
00:48:59,700 --> 00:49:00,466
but if it's not,

1219
00:49:00,466 --> 00:49:03,333
you can do all the 
trees that are nearby it

1220
00:49:03,333 --> 00:49:07,233
to prevent the squirrels from 
being able to climb the trunk.

1221
00:49:07,233 --> 00:49:10,433
And so, you'd want to have 
at least three feet wide

1222
00:49:10,433 --> 00:49:12,266
and probably four feet,

1223
00:49:12,266 --> 00:49:13,933
starting four feet 
off the ground,

1224
00:49:13,933 --> 00:49:16,233
really make the force 
that squirrel to commit,

1225
00:49:16,233 --> 00:49:18,233
and then layer it like 
you would shingles.

1226
00:49:18,233 --> 00:49:22,366
So, you'd always have one wrap 
underneath the wrap above it,

1227
00:49:22,366 --> 00:49:25,366
and then you'd want to have 
little quarter-inch dowels

1228
00:49:25,366 --> 00:49:26,966
between the flashing 
and the tree

1229
00:49:26,966 --> 00:49:28,166
so that there's some air flow

1230
00:49:28,166 --> 00:49:30,866
so you don't get mold fungus 
growing underneath that,

1231
00:49:30,866 --> 00:49:33,000
but moisture dry out.

1232
00:49:34,166 --> 00:49:37,300
- I haven't seen a ripe 
apricot in Bozeman since 2007.

1233
00:49:37,300 --> 00:49:39,133
(group laughing)

1234
00:49:39,133 --> 00:49:41,433
You might, you might 
need to put bird net too,

1235
00:49:43,366 --> 00:49:45,033
as they ripen, or?

1236
00:49:45,033 --> 00:49:46,733
- Well, the bird netting 
might get chewed through

1237
00:49:46,733 --> 00:49:47,633
by the squirrel.

1238
00:49:47,633 --> 00:49:50,700
So, you'd want to, 
it's certainly, if

1239
00:49:50,700 --> 00:49:52,000
you'd have to be thinking metal,

1240
00:49:52,000 --> 00:49:54,800
because squirrels are 
beaver that climb.

1241
00:49:54,800 --> 00:49:56,966
And you want to be sure that 
you're being aggressive,

1242
00:49:56,966 --> 00:49:57,800
not, you know-

1243
00:49:57,800 --> 00:50:00,166
So there's also, maybe 
some electrical fencing

1244
00:50:00,166 --> 00:50:02,300
that can work for you as well.

1245
00:50:02,300 --> 00:50:04,600
It depends on how much effort

1246
00:50:04,600 --> 00:50:06,233
you really want 
to put into this,

1247
00:50:06,233 --> 00:50:08,566
but there can be some 
ways to at least diminish

1248
00:50:08,566 --> 00:50:10,500
some of this damage for you.

1249
00:50:10,500 --> 00:50:12,466
- Okay. Thanks, Stephen.

1250
00:50:13,533 --> 00:50:14,800
A comment from Billings.

1251
00:50:14,800 --> 00:50:17,533
This person says you can 
get a Deprivation Tag

1252
00:50:17,533 --> 00:50:20,533
for beavers from the 
Department of Fish and Game,

1253
00:50:20,533 --> 00:50:24,000
and get a permit from the 
agency to trap the beavers

1254
00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:24,833
in the summer.

1255
00:50:24,833 --> 00:50:25,700
So that's good to know.

1256
00:50:25,700 --> 00:50:27,000
- [Stephen] That's correct.

1257
00:50:28,600 --> 00:50:29,666
- Uta, this is an 
interesting one,

1258
00:50:29,666 --> 00:50:32,433
and I can't remember a 
little bit about this.

1259
00:50:32,433 --> 00:50:33,733
Black Walnut trees,

1260
00:50:33,733 --> 00:50:36,300
and we do have a 
few in the state,

1261
00:50:36,300 --> 00:50:38,666
have a toxin associated with it.

1262
00:50:38,666 --> 00:50:41,966
I think it's called juglon 
toxin and or something.

1263
00:50:41,966 --> 00:50:43,666
Does that prevent other plants

1264
00:50:43,666 --> 00:50:45,400
from growing under Black Walnut?

1265
00:50:45,400 --> 00:50:47,933
I think it does, but I 
don't remember for sure.

1266
00:50:47,933 --> 00:50:50,366
- Yeah. I don't know 
what the toxin is called,

1267
00:50:50,366 --> 00:50:53,066
but it rings a bell, I think.

1268
00:50:53,066 --> 00:50:55,166
Yeah. It's like a 
nifty little trick

1269
00:50:55,166 --> 00:50:56,800
that this tree has developed,

1270
00:50:56,800 --> 00:51:00,033
that it suppresses anything 
else growing nearby.

1271
00:51:00,033 --> 00:51:01,133
So with Walnut trees,

1272
00:51:01,133 --> 00:51:03,500
I think it's important 
that you rake up the leaves

1273
00:51:03,500 --> 00:51:07,133
to maintain your lawn, you know.

1274
00:51:08,166 --> 00:51:10,166
I think that's all that 
I can say about that.

1275
00:51:10,166 --> 00:51:11,000
- Yeah, that's the thing.

1276
00:51:11,000 --> 00:51:12,400
Yeah, the outsides of the fruits

1277
00:51:12,400 --> 00:51:14,900
is where most of the toxins is.

1278
00:51:15,833 --> 00:51:17,633
- Oh, not even the 
leaves, the fruits?

1279
00:51:17,633 --> 00:51:18,933
- I think it's 
mostly the fruits.

1280
00:51:18,933 --> 00:51:21,233
And you know, my 
neighbor down the street

1281
00:51:21,233 --> 00:51:22,766
has a Black Walnut tree.

1282
00:51:22,766 --> 00:51:25,100
And just in the last few years,

1283
00:51:25,100 --> 00:51:27,766
as climate change has made 
it a little bit warmer,

1284
00:51:27,766 --> 00:51:31,433
we start to see them 
make a few fruits.

1285
00:51:31,433 --> 00:51:32,933
- That's interesting.

1286
00:51:33,966 --> 00:51:36,333
- Okay, Stephen, 
you're back on board.

1287
00:51:36,333 --> 00:51:40,366
And we've had several 
questions about Pocket gophers.

1288
00:51:40,366 --> 00:51:41,933
And almost everybody says,

1289
00:51:41,933 --> 00:51:44,233
"They're a pain and they 
want to get rid of them."

1290
00:51:44,233 --> 00:51:45,533
Any suggestions?

1291
00:51:46,400 --> 00:51:49,600
- Sure. I have a publication 
on Pocket gophers, as well.

1292
00:51:49,600 --> 00:51:51,133
So, you have various options.

1293
00:51:51,133 --> 00:51:55,266
You have, of course, trapping 
is the preferred method,

1294
00:51:55,266 --> 00:51:56,466
actually, the best method.

1295
00:51:56,466 --> 00:51:57,733
But, if you have 
lots of acreage,

1296
00:51:57,733 --> 00:51:59,033
then you probably 
want to be looking at,

1297
00:51:59,033 --> 00:52:00,633
for some sort of Rodenticide.

1298
00:52:00,633 --> 00:52:03,200
Strychnine is the best toxicant,

1299
00:52:03,200 --> 00:52:06,066
but it's also one of 
the most expensive.

1300
00:52:06,066 --> 00:52:07,700
And you also have zinc phosphate

1301
00:52:07,700 --> 00:52:09,933
and, also, chloracetophenone,

1302
00:52:09,933 --> 00:52:12,333
and a diphenadione 
product as well.

1303
00:52:12,333 --> 00:52:14,766
All those Rodenticides 
are placed below ground

1304
00:52:14,766 --> 00:52:15,766
in the main tunnel.

1305
00:52:15,766 --> 00:52:18,366
Make sure there's no 
access to the surface.

1306
00:52:18,366 --> 00:52:20,066
Read that label carefully.

1307
00:52:20,066 --> 00:52:22,133
Always treat fresh mounds.

1308
00:52:22,133 --> 00:52:24,533
And the same thing occurs when 
we're talking about trapping,

1309
00:52:24,533 --> 00:52:27,300
you're always focusing 
on the fresh damage.

1310
00:52:27,300 --> 00:52:28,700
And if you work 
hard enough at it,

1311
00:52:28,700 --> 00:52:30,933
you will get enough success

1312
00:52:30,933 --> 00:52:32,933
to eliminate them 
from your landscape.

1313
00:52:32,933 --> 00:52:35,500
- Thank you. I'm going to 
mention that phone number again,

1314
00:52:35,500 --> 00:52:39,233
for the program on empowering 
women in agriculture,

1315
00:52:39,233 --> 00:52:42,633
you can Katrin Finch 
and the number is

1316
00:52:42,633 --> 00:52:47,633
(406) 454-6980.

1317
00:52:47,833 --> 00:52:49,933
It starts tomorrow 
night at six o'clock.

1318
00:52:49,933 --> 00:52:51,866
So, the rerun next week,

1319
00:52:51,866 --> 00:52:54,566
you'll know that you're 
already late for registering.

1320
00:52:54,566 --> 00:52:55,733
So, if you want to register,

1321
00:52:55,733 --> 00:52:59,033
you need to do it 
tomorrow before 6:00 PM.

1322
00:52:59,033 --> 00:53:01,800
Okay. I have a question here

1323
00:53:01,800 --> 00:53:04,833
that I find interesting 
from Belgrade.

1324
00:53:04,833 --> 00:53:07,133
This person was cleaning 
up their flower bed,

1325
00:53:07,133 --> 00:53:10,033
and found that the tulip 
bulbs were emerging.

1326
00:53:10,033 --> 00:53:12,466
Will they last 
through the winter?

1327
00:53:12,466 --> 00:53:13,300
It's all yours.

1328
00:53:15,166 --> 00:53:16,866
- It depends on how 
much they come up.

1329
00:53:16,866 --> 00:53:18,666
(group laughing)

1330
00:53:18,666 --> 00:53:20,000
- I have not observed that.

1331
00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:23,433
- I haven't either, but 
it's been a warm fall.

1332
00:53:23,433 --> 00:53:24,266
- It sure has.

1333
00:53:24,266 --> 00:53:26,166
- Yeah. It's very possible.

1334
00:53:26,166 --> 00:53:28,666
One last question for Tim.

1335
00:53:28,666 --> 00:53:31,533
This person wants to 
grow a rye for grain.

1336
00:53:31,533 --> 00:53:33,033
Does that increase the chance

1337
00:53:33,033 --> 00:53:35,400
of them getting feral rye?

1338
00:53:38,133 --> 00:53:41,400
- Yes. You can 
grow rye for grain.

1339
00:53:41,400 --> 00:53:43,633
It is not done very 
much in Montana.

1340
00:53:43,633 --> 00:53:48,633
I do know of a couple of 
organic growers who do grow rye.

1341
00:53:49,000 --> 00:53:52,466
But, you can end up with 
some feral rye problems

1342
00:53:52,466 --> 00:53:56,000
if you have a lot of volunteer, 
your fields don't clean up.

1343
00:53:57,133 --> 00:53:58,566
It's not quite the same.

1344
00:53:58,566 --> 00:54:01,833
You know, it's really more 
of a volunteer rye problem.

1345
00:54:01,833 --> 00:54:05,200
Feral rye can happen, 
but that was, actually,

1346
00:54:05,200 --> 00:54:09,666
the feral rye problems that 
they have further to our south,

1347
00:54:09,666 --> 00:54:12,633
that came from rye 
that went feral,

1348
00:54:12,633 --> 00:54:15,400
so the genetics is a little 
bit different on that.

1349
00:54:15,400 --> 00:54:16,233
- All right. Thank you.

1350
00:54:16,233 --> 00:54:18,400
- Now, a lot of 
Montana wheat growers

1351
00:54:18,400 --> 00:54:22,466
have spent their childhood 
hand-walking wheat fields,

1352
00:54:22,466 --> 00:54:23,400
growing that out.

1353
00:54:23,400 --> 00:54:25,433
That might not be 
popular with a-

1354
00:54:25,433 --> 00:54:27,566
- It might not be 
so popular and-

1355
00:54:27,566 --> 00:54:28,400
- Some of your neighbors.

1356
00:54:28,400 --> 00:54:30,466
- Yeah. There's some 
people that, you know,

1357
00:54:30,466 --> 00:54:32,166
I do know of a couple 
of organic growers

1358
00:54:32,166 --> 00:54:34,200
who are growing rye, 
but not very many.

1359
00:54:34,200 --> 00:54:35,000
- Okay.

1360
00:54:35,000 --> 00:54:37,766
- Does Triticale have the 
similar issue of becoming

1361
00:54:37,766 --> 00:54:39,333
weedy in wheat?

1362
00:54:39,333 --> 00:54:40,866
- No, not as much as I've seen.

1363
00:54:40,866 --> 00:54:44,333
You know, I have seen some 
sort of volunteer Triticale,

1364
00:54:44,333 --> 00:54:46,466
or weedy Triticale 
in years after,

1365
00:54:46,466 --> 00:54:49,766
but it's nowhere the same 
as, as the feral rye problem.

1366
00:54:49,766 --> 00:54:50,633
All right, there.

1367
00:54:50,633 --> 00:54:52,100
- Folks, we're getting 
down to the end here.

1368
00:54:52,100 --> 00:54:55,333
I've got one thing I want 
to ask Stephen real quickly.

1369
00:54:55,333 --> 00:54:57,333
This person says that,

1370
00:54:57,333 --> 00:55:01,033
"If they use steel 
wool, that it keeps mice

1371
00:55:01,033 --> 00:55:03,966
out of coming in the 
house." Is that true?

1372
00:55:05,166 --> 00:55:06,266
- It would be steel wool,

1373
00:55:06,266 --> 00:55:08,166
but I recommend not 
using steel wool

1374
00:55:08,166 --> 00:55:10,100
because it does a rust.

1375
00:55:10,100 --> 00:55:12,866
So, I would recommend Xcluder 
fabric, which is spelled,

1376
00:55:12,866 --> 00:55:15,466
X-C-L-U-D-E-R.

1377
00:55:15,466 --> 00:55:17,166
So, that's stainless 
steel shards,

1378
00:55:17,166 --> 00:55:19,600
embedded into a plastic mat.

1379
00:55:19,600 --> 00:55:21,333
- Stephen, I got to cut you off.

1380
00:55:21,333 --> 00:55:22,833
We're just out of time here.

1381
00:55:22,833 --> 00:55:25,566
Next week, Joel 
Schumacher will be here

1382
00:55:25,566 --> 00:55:28,033
talking about labor 
crunches in agriculture.

1383
00:55:28,033 --> 00:55:29,466
Folks, thanks for watching.

1384
00:55:29,466 --> 00:55:31,700
Steve, thanks for 
being here. Good night.

1385
00:55:33,800 --> 00:55:35,733
- [Narrator] For more 
information and resources,

1386
00:55:35,733 --> 00:55:39,300
visit montanapbs.org/aglive.

1387
00:55:41,733 --> 00:55:45,400
(soft dueling guitar music)

1388
00:56:10,433 --> 00:56:12,700
Montana AG Live is made possible

1389
00:56:12,700 --> 00:56:16,266
by the Montana Department 
of Agriculture,

1390
00:56:17,200 --> 00:56:20,166
the MSU Extension Service,

1391
00:56:20,166 --> 00:56:22,266
the MSU AG Experiment Stations

1392
00:56:22,266 --> 00:56:24,666
of the College of Agriculture,

1393
00:56:24,666 --> 00:56:27,633
the Montana Wheat 
and Barley Committee,

1394
00:56:27,633 --> 00:56:29,933
the Montana Bankers Association,

1395
00:56:30,800 --> 00:56:33,533
Cashman Nursery and Landscaping,

1396
00:56:33,533 --> 00:56:35,633
The Galatin Gardeners Club,

1397
00:56:35,633 --> 00:56:39,333
and the Rocky Mountain 
Certified Crop Advisor Program.

1398
00:56:40,600 --> 00:56:44,366
(slow, dueling guitar music)