WEBVTT 00:00.400 --> 00:02.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - [Narrator] Montana AG live is made possible 00:02.666 --> 00:06.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% by the Montana Department of Agriculture, 00:07.166 --> 00:10.133 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% the MSU Extension Service, 00:10.133 --> 00:12.233 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% the MSU AG Experiment Stations 00:12.233 --> 00:14.533 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% of the College of Agriculture, 00:14.533 --> 00:17.633 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, 00:17.633 --> 00:20.433 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% the Montana Bankers Association, 00:20.433 --> 00:23.500 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Cashman Nursery and Landscaping, 00:23.500 --> 00:25.633 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% The Galatin Gardeners Club, 00:25.633 --> 00:29.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25% and the Rocky Mountain Certified Crop Advisor Program. 00:30.233 --> 00:33.900 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% (soft dueling guitar music) 00:44.700 --> 00:45.766 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% - Good evening, folks. 00:45.766 --> 00:47.966 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% You're tuned to Montana AG Live, 00:47.966 --> 00:51.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% originating tonight from the studios that KUSM 00:51.933 --> 00:55.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% on the very dynamic campus of Montana State University, 00:55.600 --> 00:59.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% and coming to you over the Montana Public 00:59.766 --> 01:02.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% I'm Jack Riesselman and I'll be your host this evening. 01:02.433 --> 01:04.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Those of you who have watched the program in the past, 01:04.866 --> 01:06.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% know how it works. 01:06.433 --> 01:10.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% You provide the questions and we will do our best 01:10.400 --> 01:11.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% to provide the answers. 01:11.866 --> 01:14.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% We do like to stump the panel once in a while. 01:14.166 --> 01:17.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Last week, we managed to stump the panel a couple of times. 01:17.533 --> 01:18.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So, if you asks some questions 01:18.833 --> 01:20.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% that you're really curious about, 01:20.533 --> 01:22.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% go ahead and send them in this evening. 01:22.766 --> 01:24.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Tonight's panel, let me introduce 'em, 01:24.966 --> 01:28.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% You to Uta McKelvy. Uta is here as a plant pathologist. 01:28.100 --> 01:30.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% She's been with us several times before. 01:30.366 --> 01:31.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Glad to have her back. 01:31.900 --> 01:36.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Tim Seipel. Tim is kind of a weed specialist, ecologist, 01:38.233 --> 01:41.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% crop plant weeds, a little bit of everything. 01:41.833 --> 01:44.866 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% Plus, if you've got weeds any other place, 01:44.866 --> 01:46.300 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% good chance to ask about 'em, 01:46.300 --> 01:48.833 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% because if you don't have weeds in Montana, 01:48.833 --> 01:52.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25% you're doing something special, I guarantee you there. 01:52.366 --> 01:53.900 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% We all know Mac Burgess. 01:53.900 --> 01:56.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% Mac is a small farm specialist, 01:56.133 --> 01:58.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% specializing in all kinds of different, 01:58.766 --> 02:00.900 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% independent agricultural endeavors, 02:00.900 --> 02:04.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% and also, he knows a lot about horticultural plants. 02:04.100 --> 02:06.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So, any questions tonight that you'd like to know about, 02:06.933 --> 02:09.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% good chance to call 'em in, 02:09.066 --> 02:13.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% and our special guest tonight is Stephen Vantassel. 02:13.366 --> 02:16.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Stephen works for Department of AG up in Lewistown. 02:16.733 --> 02:18.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% He is a critter specialist. 02:18.733 --> 02:20.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% If you've got critter problems, 02:20.666 --> 02:23.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% this is a chance to find out how to keep the mice out, 02:23.366 --> 02:25.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% keep the voles down, keep the skunks out, 02:25.866 --> 02:28.600 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% whatever you want to do with critters. 02:28.600 --> 02:30.700 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% He's going to answer those questions tonight, 02:30.700 --> 02:32.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% and we'll come back to Stephen a minute. 02:32.900 --> 02:34.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% But, first, let me introduce the people 02:34.600 --> 02:37.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% taking the telephone calls this evening, 02:37.633 --> 02:40.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Erica Rockville and Cheryl Bennett. 02:40.300 --> 02:42.666 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% And Cheryl was here last week, 02:42.666 --> 02:44.600 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% and she told me I looked better last week, 02:44.600 --> 02:46.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and I think that's probably true. 02:46.233 --> 02:51.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So with that, Stephen, tell us about what you do. 02:51.100 --> 02:53.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% - Well, I think you hit it right on the spot there. 02:53.133 --> 02:55.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So yeah, I help people resolve conflicts 02:55.333 --> 02:56.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% with vertebrate animals. 02:56.366 --> 02:57.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% That's the animals with a spine, 02:57.666 --> 03:01.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% so be skunks, raccoons; unprotected birds, 03:01.166 --> 03:03.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% like pigeons and starlings, and prairie dogs. 03:03.833 --> 03:05.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% And so, that's basically what I do 03:05.633 --> 03:06.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% is do a little bit of writing. 03:06.766 --> 03:10.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I do presentations for our pesticide program, 03:10.000 --> 03:13.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and then, also do a little bit of research, as well. 03:13.133 --> 03:15.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% - You know, I've used Stephen too. 03:15.166 --> 03:17.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% We've had some skunk issues at various places. 03:17.600 --> 03:20.866 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:52.5% I spent a little time in the fall, it's called a Duck Blind, 03:20.866 --> 03:24.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25% and the skunks took up residents under that Blind. 03:24.766 --> 03:26.666 align:start position:40.62% line:79.33% size:18.75% It was not particularly pleasant. 03:26.666 --> 03:29.600 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% Stephen helped me eliminate that problem. 03:29.600 --> 03:31.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% So, at that, let me move ahead, 03:31.466 --> 03:34.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and we have a Facebook question already, Stephen. 03:34.600 --> 03:37.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% This person had issues with voles 03:37.166 --> 03:39.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% during the previous winters. 03:39.133 --> 03:41.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Is it advisable to use plastic protectors 03:41.733 --> 03:43.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% around the stems of rose bushes, 03:43.600 --> 03:47.066 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% or are the thorns deterrent enough. 03:48.033 --> 03:51.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - If you're having damage with voles with rose bushes 03:51.233 --> 03:52.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and you'd want to protect those. 03:52.500 --> 03:54.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Typically, voles are going after 03:54.733 --> 03:58.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% your thinly barked trees and plants. 03:58.300 --> 03:59.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And I would encourage you 03:59.300 --> 04:02.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% to be thinking about doing some aggressive control now, 04:02.366 --> 04:04.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% as the vole populations are declining. 04:04.266 --> 04:06.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Usually, people wait too long. 04:06.300 --> 04:08.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% They want to do control in the spring 04:08.100 --> 04:09.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% when they see the damage, 04:09.166 --> 04:11.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% but the damage, actually, is occurring all winter long. 04:11.700 --> 04:13.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% So, I'd be putting in some traps 04:13.633 --> 04:15.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and doing any types of barrier, 04:15.300 --> 04:17.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% barrier fencing around your plants 04:17.700 --> 04:19.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that you are very concerned about 04:19.566 --> 04:20.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% because once that snow comes, 04:20.800 --> 04:23.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% they would love to take advantage of 04:23.600 --> 04:26.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and then they'll be attacking some of those plants, 04:26.266 --> 04:28.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% they can get access to. 04:28.233 --> 04:29.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Stephen, about two or three years ago, 04:29.966 --> 04:31.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I had a major vole problem. 04:31.600 --> 04:33.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5% And I've been around voles long enough to know 04:33.700 --> 04:37.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% that I keep trash piles down, so forth and so on. 04:37.500 --> 04:39.700 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% The last two years, I've not had any issues. 04:39.700 --> 04:41.633 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% Are they cyclical or do they? 04:42.966 --> 04:45.766 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% - They are. And so, there can be- 04:45.766 --> 04:47.433 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63% Generally, the rule of thumb is, I think, 04:47.433 --> 04:50.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% every four to five years, the numbers begin to spike, 04:50.000 --> 04:51.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but there's no rhyme or reason to it. 04:51.633 --> 04:53.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% You can't guarantee that's going to happen. 04:53.500 --> 04:55.533 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% So obviously, environmental conditions 04:55.533 --> 04:57.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% will play a role in that. 04:57.733 --> 04:59.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And we don't understand it completely 04:59.733 --> 05:01.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% as to whether it's food-based 05:01.433 --> 05:04.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% or whether it's because they age out. 05:04.100 --> 05:05.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% The literature is a little bit, 05:05.666 --> 05:09.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% hasn't made a decision, a ruling, on that quite yet. 05:09.533 --> 05:11.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Okay. Are they more of an issue in the Northern climates? 05:11.766 --> 05:14.666 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% You know, you and I both spent a lot of time in Nebraska. 05:14.666 --> 05:18.366 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:52.5% I never had vole issues down there, but I have them up here. 05:18.366 --> 05:20.100 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% - Well, there's vole- 05:20.100 --> 05:22.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Yeah, no. There's vole problems in Nebraska, as well. 05:22.900 --> 05:25.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And I think that when you can start getting farther south, 05:25.300 --> 05:27.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% there's just so much green vegetation 05:27.266 --> 05:29.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% that there's probably enough food for them 05:29.466 --> 05:30.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% to just keep eating, 05:30.466 --> 05:33.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and so, the vegetation will overcome the damage 05:33.533 --> 05:34.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% caused by the voles. 05:34.400 --> 05:36.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% But once they have that snow cover, 05:36.400 --> 05:37.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% they get food-stressed, 05:37.500 --> 05:39.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and then they start attacking your ornamental plants 05:39.733 --> 05:41.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that you know, that are valuable to people. 05:43.366 --> 05:45.233 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% - Okay. Mac was asking me earlier, 05:45.233 --> 05:47.600 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% we were talking about voles even before this question 05:47.600 --> 05:48.966 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88% came in Facebook, 05:48.966 --> 05:51.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% organic methods of controlling these pests? 05:52.933 --> 05:56.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% - None of the chemical means are approved for organic use. 05:56.266 --> 06:01.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So, I would think, habitat, mowing, keep your cover down, 06:01.366 --> 06:02.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% like, you said, Trash piles, 06:02.600 --> 06:04.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% weed-free areas around your trees. 06:04.666 --> 06:07.066 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% And I've seen them, you know, take up cover in mulches. 06:07.066 --> 06:09.800 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% So, mulches are a double-edged sword. 06:09.800 --> 06:11.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% They can be great in many ways, 06:11.866 --> 06:13.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but they can provide habitat for these rodents. 06:13.800 --> 06:14.633 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Absolutely. 06:14.633 --> 06:15.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Keeping the bare ground. 06:15.666 --> 06:17.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Okay, thank you guys. 06:17.433 --> 06:19.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Even cholecalciferol? 06:19.566 --> 06:21.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Even cholecalciferol isn't allowed? 06:21.433 --> 06:24.233 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% - I don't know. (laughs) 06:24.233 --> 06:25.066 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:13.13% - Okay. 06:25.066 --> 06:26.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% - You might, you might know more than I do there. 06:26.700 --> 06:28.166 align:start position:38.75% line:84.67% size:22.5% - All right. 06:28.166 --> 06:29.600 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5% - I'm not aware of that one. I'd have to look into that. 06:29.600 --> 06:30.766 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% - Okay. Okay. 06:30.766 --> 06:32.233 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% - Vitamins, it's vitamin D. 06:32.233 --> 06:33.566 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% - Vitamin D. All right. 06:33.566 --> 06:36.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% A question that came in this evening, 06:37.800 --> 06:39.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% we were talking about trees and shrubs. 06:39.433 --> 06:41.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% What about pruning? 06:41.333 --> 06:45.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Uta, is this a good time to prune trees? 06:45.366 --> 06:48.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Right. So, typically, we want to prune 06:48.633 --> 06:51.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% our trees and traps when the plants are dormant. 06:51.066 --> 06:55.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So, I would, generally, recommend to do it 06:55.466 --> 06:58.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% in the early, early spring, February, March, next year. 06:58.633 --> 07:00.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I think you could do it in a fall, 07:00.000 --> 07:03.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% but you want to be sure that your plants are dormant, 07:03.533 --> 07:06.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and given how warm this year has been 07:06.100 --> 07:07.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and how warm to fall still is, 07:07.666 --> 07:09.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% I wouldn't quite count on that yet. 07:09.333 --> 07:11.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So, wait a little longer, 07:11.200 --> 07:12.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% or just wait until March and you know, 07:12.833 --> 07:14.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% do something fun this fall. 07:15.433 --> 07:16.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - March is a great time. 07:16.666 --> 07:18.266 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% You can get out there when the wind blows, 07:18.266 --> 07:20.200 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% and the snow flies in March. 07:20.200 --> 07:21.200 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% - That's just a good time. 07:21.200 --> 07:23.233 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13% - Yeah, it is a good time. I agree. 07:23.233 --> 07:24.333 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88% - Keeps you warm. 07:25.366 --> 07:28.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Question from Three Forks. 07:29.800 --> 07:31.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Tim, this person has heard 07:31.933 --> 07:34.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% that there is a glyphosate shortage, 07:34.733 --> 07:37.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% which is, also, a lot of people know, is Roundup, 07:37.500 --> 07:38.333 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38% is this true? 07:38.333 --> 07:40.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% And will that affect agriculture in here, 07:40.900 --> 07:43.066 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% in the state of Montana? 07:43.066 --> 07:48.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Yeah, there is actually a nationwide glyphosate shortage, 07:48.200 --> 07:52.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and prices have gone up for Roundup, or glyphosate, 07:52.266 --> 07:53.100 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% quite a lot. 07:53.100 --> 07:54.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And there's people who are out there 07:54.366 --> 07:58.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% looking for alternatives for next year. 07:58.766 --> 08:01.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I don't know that we have a lot of alternatives, 08:01.033 --> 08:04.366 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% but it will drive up producer prices 08:04.366 --> 08:08.466 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38% and prices per acre of inputs for the next year, or so. 08:08.466 --> 08:11.200 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% I think 30 to 50%, even more than that, 08:11.200 --> 08:13.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% in terms, of glyphosate prices going up. 08:13.500 --> 08:14.866 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75% - Well, that makes a big difference 08:14.866 --> 08:16.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% in a chem fallow operation. 08:16.700 --> 08:19.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% That makes a really big difference in a chem fallow. 08:19.400 --> 08:22.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% So, people who are looking at chem fallow next year, 08:22.700 --> 08:25.766 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% and, you know, they may go out every 30 days and spray, 08:25.766 --> 08:27.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% it's going to be, 08:27.166 --> 08:28.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% it's going to be challenging, 08:28.200 --> 08:31.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and it's going to require more money to input in there. 08:31.733 --> 08:33.766 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% So, there might be instances 08:33.766 --> 08:38.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% where you could skip a chem fallow application, 08:38.233 --> 08:40.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% but don't skip on rates. 08:40.633 --> 08:44.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Don't cut your rates and think you'll get away with it. 08:44.000 --> 08:46.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% You won't get as good of weed efficacy. 08:46.566 --> 08:47.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% It would be better to figure out 08:47.766 --> 08:49.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% if you could actually cut out 08:49.400 --> 08:52.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% one of the chem fallow applications. 08:52.333 --> 08:54.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - And you probably don't know the answer to this, 08:54.066 --> 08:55.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% but I am kind of curious, 08:55.133 --> 08:57.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% is there a particular reason why there's a shortage? 08:57.666 --> 08:59.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% There never has been before. 08:59.366 --> 09:02.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - I think it's related to all the shortages 09:02.566 --> 09:05.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% we've had with Coronavirus around the world, 09:05.866 --> 09:08.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and, sort of, our supply chains. 09:08.866 --> 09:10.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% A lot of the precursor molecules 09:10.733 --> 09:12.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% come from other places in the world, 09:12.866 --> 09:14.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% whether that be China 09:14.033 --> 09:16.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% or whether they be made in other places, 09:16.266 --> 09:19.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and so, I think that's led to some shortages 09:19.800 --> 09:24.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% of manufactured and ready-to-go Roundup combinations, 09:25.033 --> 09:26.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% on the market out there. 09:26.233 --> 09:28.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - Tim, so is this shortage then 09:28.000 --> 09:29.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% only affecting glyphosate, 09:29.400 --> 09:30.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% or are we talking about, essentially, 09:30.766 --> 09:32.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% all herbicides being short? 09:32.266 --> 09:34.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Not all herbicides, there's other- 09:34.733 --> 09:37.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, the two biggest ones right now 09:37.100 --> 09:40.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that people are really looking at is glyphosate or Roundup, 09:40.366 --> 09:42.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% which we, really, commonly use in Montana. 09:42.833 --> 09:46.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% And the other one that's been really short this fall 09:46.900 --> 09:49.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and going into the next spring, has been glufosinate, 09:49.966 --> 09:54.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% which is a molecule that's more commonly used 09:54.133 --> 09:56.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% in the Midwest of the United States. 09:56.100 --> 09:59.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So, we don't have to worry about glufosinate as much. 09:59.533 --> 10:02.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% We are really affected by the Roundup shortage. 10:02.133 --> 10:06.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Glufosinate is used in LibertyLink crops, 10:06.266 --> 10:07.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% LibertyLink canola, 10:07.700 --> 10:09.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and some of those things out there. 10:09.000 --> 10:12.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% It's used in corn and soybeans more often. 10:12.533 --> 10:16.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Okay, thank you. Interesting situation. 10:16.066 --> 10:18.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% From Facebook, Bozeman, 10:19.133 --> 10:20.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Stephen, this is for you, 10:20.333 --> 10:22.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% and it's kind of interesting question. 10:22.100 --> 10:24.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% They have a lot of rabbits living under their porch, 10:24.600 --> 10:27.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and they wonder whether or not 10:27.000 --> 10:29.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% those rabbits could cause any structural damage 10:29.800 --> 10:32.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% or damage to the house. 10:32.833 --> 10:34.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - I have never heard of rabbits 10:34.566 --> 10:36.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% causing structural damage to the house. 10:36.933 --> 10:40.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% They can chew some wood if they can get access to it. 10:40.366 --> 10:44.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, if you have any type of wood exposure 10:44.366 --> 10:47.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% underneath that porch area or that deck area, 10:47.300 --> 10:49.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% that might be a little bit of a concern. 10:49.566 --> 10:51.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Otherwise, they're not going to be gnawing on concrete 10:51.766 --> 10:52.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% or anything like that. 10:52.766 --> 10:56.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% So, if there's any pipes or wires underneath there, 10:56.600 --> 10:58.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% they could certainly gnaw on that. 10:58.833 --> 11:00.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But, otherwise, I have not heard of rabbits 11:00.633 --> 11:01.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% becoming a problem. 11:01.800 --> 11:04.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Now, if they're doing any type of burrowing underneath there 11:04.266 --> 11:07.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% or exposing, if you have like a slab foundation, 11:07.166 --> 11:09.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I'd be more concerned about your foundation area. 11:09.333 --> 11:11.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% If they're exploiting a borough 11:11.533 --> 11:14.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that was already created by another animal, 11:14.033 --> 11:15.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and that could be an issue, in terms of, 11:15.733 --> 11:17.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% cracking a foundation, 11:17.466 --> 11:20.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% depending on how large that borough was. 11:20.333 --> 11:22.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Okay. Well, what about ornamental plants? 11:22.900 --> 11:24.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% I've wondered we've had heavy snows, 11:24.900 --> 11:26.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% which we haven't had, 11:26.266 --> 11:28.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% rabbits we'll do some damage all around. 11:28.900 --> 11:29.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Oh, they sure will. 11:29.800 --> 11:30.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Oh yeah, they will. 11:30.633 --> 11:32.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% You can always tell it's going to be a rabbit 11:32.333 --> 11:33.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% as opposed to a deer, 11:33.433 --> 11:36.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% because you're going to look for that 45 degree angle cut, 11:36.700 --> 11:38.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and also, the height of the damage will be different. 11:38.833 --> 11:41.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I mean, the rabbit can only reach so high. 11:41.600 --> 11:43.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% You want to be thinking about something a couple feet 11:43.533 --> 11:44.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% above the snow line, 11:44.533 --> 11:47.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% where a deer is going to, obviously, 11:47.033 --> 11:49.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% be able to go up almost six feet, 11:49.166 --> 11:50.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% so that'll also be another one. 11:50.433 --> 11:53.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% So, deer when they bite, they bite and then twist. 11:53.266 --> 11:55.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% So, if you look carefully at the branch, 11:55.166 --> 11:57.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% it'll be frayed at the top. 11:57.100 --> 12:01.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% A rabbit takes a clean slice at a 45 degree angle. 12:01.466 --> 12:02.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, look carefully. 12:02.400 --> 12:05.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% You want to make sure we go after the guilty animal. 12:05.566 --> 12:08.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And then fencing will stop your rabbit damage 12:08.666 --> 12:10.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% around your plants. 12:10.833 --> 12:13.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% It's very easy to do. 12:13.033 --> 12:14.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - I have a couple of golden retrievers 12:14.633 --> 12:16.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that have moved the rabbits out of our yard 12:16.400 --> 12:17.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% pretty effectively. 12:17.500 --> 12:20.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Biological control can work too. 12:20.533 --> 12:23.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Yeah, your right. Thank you Stephen. 12:23.700 --> 12:25.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Mac, this person said, 12:25.833 --> 12:27.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% "Last time you were on, 12:27.600 --> 12:30.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% you had a lot of squash in front of you." 12:30.300 --> 12:31.766 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% (laughing) 12:31.766 --> 12:33.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% They grew some winter squash, 12:33.300 --> 12:34.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and they said, "it tastes like-" 12:34.733 --> 12:36.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and I can't mention the word. 12:37.766 --> 12:39.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Was there a problem? 12:39.000 --> 12:41.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Depending on the variety, you might just wait a while. 12:41.900 --> 12:43.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% And as I mentioned, last time, 12:43.600 --> 12:45.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% several of those varieties do get better with storage, 12:45.900 --> 12:47.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and some of them are at their peak, you know, 12:47.466 --> 12:48.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% two months after harvest. 12:48.600 --> 12:50.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So, I would say some of those 12:50.333 --> 12:52.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% bigger Hubbard's and Kabocha squash 12:52.733 --> 12:56.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% are still not anywhere near their prime eating quality, 12:56.400 --> 12:57.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% but it's great. 12:57.233 --> 12:59.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Delicata and Acorn squash season right now. 12:59.100 --> 13:01.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - You know, I bought an Acorn squash not long ago, 13:01.700 --> 13:03.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and I happen to like squash quite a little bit, 13:03.566 --> 13:06.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and be honest with you, it really wasn't very tasty. 13:06.466 --> 13:08.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And, normally, it has a little bit of a nutty flavor. 13:08.133 --> 13:09.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% You put a little butter and brown sugar on it. 13:09.800 --> 13:11.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - And it can be hit and miss if they weren't harvested, 13:11.300 --> 13:14.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% or if they were harvested too early, which is a temptation 13:14.500 --> 13:17.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% with some producers and production areas, so. 13:17.200 --> 13:19.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I would think Montana producers, by in large, 13:19.566 --> 13:22.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% don't have any incentive to harvest early 13:22.733 --> 13:23.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and get a second crop in. 13:23.900 --> 13:25.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% So, they let them go all the way 13:25.866 --> 13:28.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% to full ripeness or even to the frost. 13:28.266 --> 13:30.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And so, we tend to grow pretty good ones up here. 13:30.600 --> 13:32.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But, the market sells them out pretty quick. 13:32.966 --> 13:34.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And if you just go to the store and get them, 13:34.233 --> 13:35.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% they may well have been harvested 13:35.666 --> 13:36.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% when they looked like a squash, 13:36.733 --> 13:40.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% but not without guards to make it tastes like a squash. 13:40.166 --> 13:43.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Okay. Thank you. 13:43.166 --> 13:45.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Uta, last week, this person says, 13:45.566 --> 13:49.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% "You talked about dry seed decay. Can you explain-" 13:49.100 --> 13:50.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% This question is from Custer 13:50.833 --> 13:52.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% out in the central part of the state, 13:52.300 --> 13:55.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% a long I-90, 94, actually. 13:55.133 --> 13:59.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% What can you tell us about dry seed decay, 13:59.366 --> 14:01.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% and what can you do to prevent it? 14:01.733 --> 14:03.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Because this has been a dry year 14:03.566 --> 14:06.100 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% in which they seeded winter wheat. 14:06.100 --> 14:08.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Well, I guess this person missed me 14:08.366 --> 14:09.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% at the Pest Management tour, 14:09.566 --> 14:11.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% where we sure talked about dry seed decay. 14:11.666 --> 14:13.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Maybe keep an eye out for next year. 14:14.500 --> 14:17.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Dry seed decay is a disease that affects the seed. 14:17.533 --> 14:18.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And, as the name suggests, 14:18.866 --> 14:21.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% that typically happens when we put seed in a ground 14:21.800 --> 14:23.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% that has not enough moisture 14:23.866 --> 14:28.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% to promote an early germination and seedling development. 14:29.200 --> 14:33.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And so, there are a lot of organisms, fungal organisms, 14:33.000 --> 14:36.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% living into soil that just naturally occur there. 14:36.066 --> 14:38.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And for them, a seed that is not growing 14:38.333 --> 14:39.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and it's just laying dormant, 14:39.333 --> 14:41.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% it's just a very, you know, 14:41.100 --> 14:44.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% easy meal for them to attack. 14:44.733 --> 14:47.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So, there are various fungi that can cause this disease, 14:47.600 --> 14:49.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% aspergillus or- 14:49.533 --> 14:50.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Jack] Penicillium. 14:50.366 --> 14:53.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Penicillium, that was the other one I was looking for, 14:53.600 --> 14:56.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% are some of the causal agents here. 14:56.333 --> 14:58.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And you may observe that, you know, 14:58.700 --> 15:02.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% you don't have a great emergence. 15:02.033 --> 15:03.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And if you look for the seed in the ground, 15:03.966 --> 15:05.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% it might appear like it's covered 15:05.500 --> 15:09.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% in some grayish, bluish, or whitish fuzz or mold, 15:09.200 --> 15:10.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% or it's just covered in soil, 15:10.633 --> 15:13.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% 'cause the fungus growing around the seed 15:13.300 --> 15:17.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% is just trapping the soil and keeps attract to the seed. 15:17.466 --> 15:21.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And so, the best way to prevent a dry seed decay 15:21.533 --> 15:23.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% is planting into moisture. 15:23.500 --> 15:25.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So if, you know, a rain or precipitation is coming, 15:25.833 --> 15:27.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% that's a good time to plant. 15:28.733 --> 15:32.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And fungicide seed treatments can also be very effective. 15:32.000 --> 15:35.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And I cannot recite a specific product right now, 15:35.733 --> 15:39.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% but, essentially, any fungicide seed treatment 15:39.100 --> 15:40.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that has broad-spectrum activity 15:40.866 --> 15:44.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% would be a suitable choice for a dry seed decay. 15:44.800 --> 15:46.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - I agree entirely. 15:46.033 --> 15:48.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Okay, Stephen, we got a lot of questions coming in here, 15:48.766 --> 15:51.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and some of these are fascinating. 15:51.166 --> 15:53.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% (group laughing) 15:53.133 --> 15:54.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% This person would have liked to know, 15:54.666 --> 15:57.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% how to keep mice out of parked cars? 15:57.866 --> 15:58.700 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. 15:58.700 --> 15:59.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Any suggestions? 15:59.833 --> 16:02.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - That is- Yes. It is a tough one, 16:02.333 --> 16:03.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% but here's some strategies for you. 16:03.966 --> 16:07.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% One, you want to be sure your parking on gravel 16:07.066 --> 16:10.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and away from planting areas. 16:10.300 --> 16:12.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% You want to try to keep everything as mowed down 16:12.700 --> 16:14.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% as much as possible. 16:14.166 --> 16:17.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% You want to be looking at putting out multiple-catch traps 16:17.066 --> 16:18.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% around the structure. 16:18.100 --> 16:19.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% You also want to be sure you're 16:19.900 --> 16:21.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% if you have bird feeders around, 16:21.400 --> 16:22.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% you modify those bird feeders; 16:22.866 --> 16:24.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% you want to be thinking about food sources. 16:24.800 --> 16:28.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Remember, anytime a plant grows long enough to go to seed, 16:28.300 --> 16:30.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that's the seed for rodents as well. 16:30.933 --> 16:33.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So, you want to be sure those are all cut down 16:33.400 --> 16:34.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and not allowed in. 16:34.400 --> 16:35.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% So, then you want to be thinking about 16:35.633 --> 16:37.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% putting out some bait stations. 16:37.033 --> 16:38.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Make sure you're following the label, 16:38.500 --> 16:40.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and put out some, probably some Rodenticide. 16:40.400 --> 16:42.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% If you're not wanting to use Rodenticide, 16:42.133 --> 16:45.333 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:22.5% then use the multiple-catch mouse traps, 16:45.333 --> 16:49.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and place them around your facility as well. 16:49.066 --> 16:51.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% But, around your area as well, 16:51.100 --> 16:53.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% to kind of keep those rodents in the low end. 16:53.466 --> 16:55.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Yeah, those are some bait stations there, 16:55.533 --> 16:56.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and there should be also a photo 16:56.933 --> 16:59.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% of some multiple-catch baits, 16:59.033 --> 17:00.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% multiple-catch traps as well. 17:02.300 --> 17:06.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And you just have to, basically, put enough material, 17:06.266 --> 17:07.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% enough traps out there, to sort of, 17:07.833 --> 17:09.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% get that population down 17:09.400 --> 17:11.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% so they're not going to go after your vehicle. 17:13.300 --> 17:16.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Stephen, is that half-eaten bag of potato chips 17:16.433 --> 17:19.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% and food scraps left at the floor of my car, 17:19.900 --> 17:21.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% are those going to be issues, or? 17:21.366 --> 17:24.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - I don't think it helps, but I'd be, probably, you know, 17:24.500 --> 17:26.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but I'm not sure that's going to be enough 17:26.433 --> 17:28.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% because a mouse is going to want to get up in there, 17:28.766 --> 17:30.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% simply, your know, if you're driving, 17:30.466 --> 17:31.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% it's going to be a heat source 17:31.666 --> 17:33.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and they're going to be attracted to some of that heat, 17:33.233 --> 17:36.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% but also, in terms of structure, if a rodent, you know, 17:36.433 --> 17:40.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Deer mice will travel 400 plus feet to go somewhere, 17:40.266 --> 17:42.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% so their home range is quite large. 17:42.700 --> 17:44.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So, they would, probably, just jump up into it 17:44.400 --> 17:45.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% because it's a structure, 17:45.533 --> 17:49.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% and it provides them shelter from predators. 17:49.500 --> 17:51.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% So, I don't think the food, you know, 17:51.800 --> 17:53.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% I would always encourage you to keep the food out of it, 17:53.800 --> 17:55.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% 'cause, you know, bears may want to be interested 17:55.600 --> 17:56.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% in your car as well. 17:56.833 --> 17:59.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% But, I think it's more of the issue of the fact, 17:59.000 --> 18:01.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% that the presence of the vehicle is there, 18:01.633 --> 18:03.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% is going to be the attractant. 18:03.100 --> 18:05.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - You know, Stephen, while we're on the subject, 18:05.166 --> 18:08.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% it is mouse season, and you move into November in Montana. 18:08.600 --> 18:12.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% Those mice like to move into warmer places 18:12.000 --> 18:14.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% as you have suggested. - Absolutely. 18:14.000 --> 18:16.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Can they do a lot of damage at homes 18:16.466 --> 18:18.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% if you don't keep them under control? 18:18.733 --> 18:20.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Significant. It's one of the things 18:20.566 --> 18:21.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% I've been doing in my training. 18:21.766 --> 18:23.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% I've been trying to help people understand. 18:23.433 --> 18:26.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% It's one of the interesting psychological elements 18:26.033 --> 18:28.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% in Montana where, even generally across the US, 18:28.866 --> 18:30.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% is that when people have rats, 18:30.166 --> 18:33.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% they will move heaven and earth to control the rats. 18:33.066 --> 18:35.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But, when it comes to mice, they'll just say, 18:35.266 --> 18:37.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% "Oh, it's just a mouse. No big deal." 18:37.200 --> 18:38.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% No. I want you to take that seriously. 18:38.800 --> 18:40.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% That photo that you're seeing there, 18:40.100 --> 18:43.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% is at my house when I was in Nebraska. 18:43.000 --> 18:45.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% We used some use some foam to fill a gap, 18:45.600 --> 18:47.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and the mouse, mice, just chewed right through it. 18:47.733 --> 18:50.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So, don't rely on foam to be your solution. 18:50.033 --> 18:52.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But, once they're getting into the walls, 18:52.100 --> 18:54.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% they are damaging your insulation. 18:54.033 --> 18:55.800 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% They can also attack your wiring. 18:55.800 --> 18:57.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And so, if you're wondering why your heating bill 18:57.966 --> 18:59.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% is sometimes going up, it may not just be, 18:59.933 --> 19:02.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% it may be partly due to the cost of the fuel, of course, 19:02.566 --> 19:04.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% but you may also have, over time, 19:04.233 --> 19:06.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% those mice are degrading your installation, 19:06.900 --> 19:09.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and so, you're losing more heat to the outside. 19:09.400 --> 19:13.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And so, take mice seriously for the physical damage 19:13.466 --> 19:15.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% they can do to your structure. 19:15.466 --> 19:17.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - Okay. Thank you. Good advice. 19:17.766 --> 19:21.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Tim, this person from Conrad, 19:21.000 --> 19:23.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% has heard of a weed called Beggars Lice. 19:23.733 --> 19:24.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Do you know what that is? 19:26.200 --> 19:30.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Beggars lice. I might know what that weed is. 19:30.100 --> 19:32.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, Hound's-Tongue. 19:32.833 --> 19:33.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% So, it's either- 19:33.833 --> 19:35.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So, it could be a Hound's- 19:35.500 --> 19:37.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% It could be Hound's-tongue, 19:37.233 --> 19:40.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% which is an obnoxious weed in the state of Montana. 19:40.000 --> 19:41.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And so, it makes these... 19:43.600 --> 19:45.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% It looks, I guess we call it Hound's-tongue, 19:45.133 --> 19:47.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% because it has, sort of, a rough cover on the outside. 19:47.666 --> 19:51.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% It's, sort of, round shape with a little point on one end, 19:51.366 --> 19:53.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and it'll stick to all your clothes. 19:53.033 --> 19:55.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% And it'll end up all over the place, 19:55.100 --> 19:57.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and it can be a real pain. 19:57.100 --> 19:59.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% I encourage you, not to just pull them off 19:59.066 --> 20:00.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and throw them in your yard, 20:00.700 --> 20:03.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I encourage you to put them in a bag and throw them away. 20:03.933 --> 20:06.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% We also call Beggars ticks 20:06.100 --> 20:09.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% a closely related native species, actually, too. 20:09.700 --> 20:14.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% There's a few native, blue-looking, forget-me-nots 20:14.466 --> 20:16.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% that you'll see in the mountains, in the summertime, 20:16.833 --> 20:19.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and those can also be called Beggars ticks. 20:19.633 --> 20:23.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So yeah, there, we have a couple of 'em out there. 20:24.066 --> 20:26.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Okay. Here's an interesting question 20:26.400 --> 20:28.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I've thought about a lot. 20:28.200 --> 20:29.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And this comes from Bozeman. 20:29.666 --> 20:33.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And Mac, I'm going to put you on the spot with this. 20:33.033 --> 20:34.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% This person wants to know, 20:34.800 --> 20:37.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% "Why Dixon melons are only growing 20:37.733 --> 20:40.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in the Dixon/Plains area, 20:40.166 --> 20:43.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and why we can grow good melons like that anywhere else?" 20:43.733 --> 20:45.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - What is the elevation in Dixon, Montana? 20:45.933 --> 20:48.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Probably, around 2,500 feet, I would guess. 20:48.100 --> 20:48.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - I think that's it. 20:48.933 --> 20:49.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - I thinks it's a little special. 20:49.833 --> 20:50.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - It's a little bit warmer. Yeah. 20:50.666 --> 20:52.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - In Sander's County over there. 20:52.566 --> 20:54.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I think the nights are warmer. 20:54.666 --> 20:55.500 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% - [Mac] Yep. 20:55.500 --> 20:57.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - I think it's lower elevation, 20:57.100 --> 21:00.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and there gets to be some really warm days. 21:00.033 --> 21:00.800 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% I've also- 21:00.800 --> 21:02.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% - To be fair, I think that you could grow great melons 21:02.533 --> 21:05.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% along the Yellowstone River, down in Billings, as well. 21:05.033 --> 21:07.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% It's a challenge in Bozeman. A real challenge. 21:07.400 --> 21:09.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% - I guess it's not possible here, basically? 21:09.766 --> 21:10.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Well. (laughs) 21:10.966 --> 21:12.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Yeah, they don't ripen very well. 21:12.700 --> 21:13.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - And it needs to be- 21:13.533 --> 21:15.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Because of the cold nights, is it really the cold? 21:15.466 --> 21:17.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I mean, we have warm enough days, but cold. 21:17.466 --> 21:18.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Well it's both. Yeah. 21:18.966 --> 21:21.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% It's the cold nights and the not-warm-enough days. 21:21.400 --> 21:22.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - [Tim] And then maybe humidity. 21:22.566 --> 21:26.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Is there a specific variety that does well 21:26.033 --> 21:29.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in that Plains/Dixon area that you guys know of? 21:29.733 --> 21:30.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - I don't know what variety would grow. 21:30.966 --> 21:33.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - I'm sure the Dixon melon folks have got their favorite, 21:33.766 --> 21:35.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and I bet they keep it fairly, closely guarded, 21:35.866 --> 21:38.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% but there are a number of Musk melons available. 21:38.333 --> 21:40.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% You just look for the earliest ones. 21:41.600 --> 21:44.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Sweet Granite is one that comes to mind. 21:44.233 --> 21:45.533 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% That's an open pollinated one, I think. 21:45.533 --> 21:46.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And I don't know, 21:46.866 --> 21:48.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I've tried to several of them. 21:48.200 --> 21:50.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And you can grow them in Bozeman, 21:50.500 --> 21:53.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% you know, all the usual tricks to retain heat with plastic. 21:53.500 --> 21:54.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And then, you know, 21:54.366 --> 21:55.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% you want to make sure it doesn't rain 21:55.933 --> 21:57.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% as they're ripening, either. 21:57.566 --> 21:59.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% You want to cut the water off as they ripen, 21:59.066 --> 22:01.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% and that, sometimes, September we get a rainstorm, 22:01.200 --> 22:03.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and then they'll explode on you or they're no good, so. 22:03.700 --> 22:05.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - You know, they, they look like they're going to ripen, 22:05.533 --> 22:08.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% but if you try to eat them, they're really- 22:08.200 --> 22:10.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I'd buy a Dixon melon anytime. 22:10.433 --> 22:11.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Yeah. (laughs) 22:11.933 --> 22:12.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - It's much better. 22:12.766 --> 22:14.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Yeah, they come out quite a bit earlier. 22:14.200 --> 22:15.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Yeah, they do. 22:15.366 --> 22:17.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Stephen, from Great Falls. 22:17.533 --> 22:18.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Squirrels in the yard, 22:18.866 --> 22:21.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% and they want to get rid of them without trapping. 22:21.266 --> 22:22.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Any suggestions? 22:23.400 --> 22:24.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - These are Tree squirrels? 22:24.533 --> 22:27.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% 'Cause Ground squirrels should be in hibernation now. 22:29.000 --> 22:32.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Probably, Red squirrels, I guess, or Fox squirrels. 22:32.533 --> 22:34.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Okay, in the yard. 22:34.966 --> 22:36.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So, I would have say, 22:36.233 --> 22:38.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% you want to control the amount of food. 22:38.466 --> 22:39.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So, I'd be asking, you know, 22:39.700 --> 22:41.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% "Is there a bird feeder on the property?" 22:41.633 --> 22:44.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Or, "Perhaps, your neighbors have bird feeders?" 22:44.833 --> 22:47.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% In which case, modify those bird feeders 22:47.233 --> 22:49.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% so you're not feeding the squirrels, 22:49.333 --> 22:52.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% to reduce the attraction to that particular area. 22:52.000 --> 22:54.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But, if you have like an Oak tree or something, 22:54.833 --> 22:56.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that's coming into seed, 22:56.466 --> 22:59.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that's going to be, obviously, clearly a challenge. 22:59.100 --> 23:00.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% What some people do, 23:00.000 --> 23:01.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% is they'll actually wrap the trunk 23:01.600 --> 23:03.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% with some aluminum flashing 23:03.100 --> 23:06.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% to prevent the squirrels from climbing it. 23:06.400 --> 23:08.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% But, that assumes that you don't have another tree nearby 23:08.900 --> 23:09.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% that they can jump to. 23:09.866 --> 23:12.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% So, I would need a little more information 23:12.066 --> 23:13.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% to provide some other stuff. 23:13.100 --> 23:15.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Otherwise, the dog running around the backyard 23:15.800 --> 23:16.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% may be helpful, 23:16.800 --> 23:18.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% but it's probably going to be pretty hard 23:18.400 --> 23:21.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% to keep a squirrel, Tree squirrel, out of your yard. 23:21.133 --> 23:22.800 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Do the Tree squirrels we have here, 23:22.800 --> 23:25.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% are they a problem to any ornamental? 23:25.200 --> 23:27.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - I haven't had a lot of reports of that, 23:27.033 --> 23:30.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% but they certainly can get into structures and be an issue. 23:30.633 --> 23:31.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Yeah, absolutely. 23:31.866 --> 23:33.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Well, where there's a lot of them, 23:33.566 --> 23:37.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% they can do some pruning and gnawing on stuff, 23:37.400 --> 23:38.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% which is not real good. 23:38.600 --> 23:41.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% We had them, at one time, in the Midwest, 23:42.866 --> 23:44.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and I used live traps. 23:44.666 --> 23:46.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% And that really worked well, except, 23:46.866 --> 23:49.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% if you don't dump them far enough away, 23:49.233 --> 23:50.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% they're going to be back the next day. 23:50.966 --> 23:53.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Yeah, and that's not quite legal, here in Montana. 23:53.466 --> 23:56.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So, you can't really dump 'em somewhere else. 23:56.600 --> 23:57.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% You have to get landowner permission, and so. 23:57.833 --> 24:00.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - I didn't say that. (laughs) 24:00.100 --> 24:03.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - It used to be a one-way, kind of a one-way deal. 24:03.000 --> 24:03.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Plus, you know, 24:03.833 --> 24:06.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% there could be some game species issues as well, 24:06.200 --> 24:07.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% so that has to be factored in. 24:07.766 --> 24:10.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% But, typically, if they're damaging turf, 24:10.766 --> 24:11.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% that that can be, you know, 24:11.933 --> 24:13.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% sometimes when they're scatter hoarding, 24:13.533 --> 24:14.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and they're putting out some food, 24:14.800 --> 24:16.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% that would be more of your Gray squirrel, 24:16.733 --> 24:19.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% it can be quite extensive, in that regard, 24:19.066 --> 24:20.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% with their feeding. 24:20.866 --> 24:22.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% But, that tends to be not something 24:22.533 --> 24:24.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that occurs every single year. 24:24.000 --> 24:25.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% I haven't heard that very often. 24:25.533 --> 24:27.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So, I guess give me a call, 24:27.233 --> 24:30.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and we can, certainly, talk a lot more next week. 24:30.133 --> 24:31.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Okay, thanks. 24:31.166 --> 24:32.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - When I'm back to the office. 24:32.333 --> 24:33.166 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% - All right. 24:34.966 --> 24:37.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% A call from, here in Bozeman. 24:37.800 --> 24:41.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% People have seen a lot of ads, 24:41.100 --> 24:44.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that they need to spray their lawns for disease control. 24:44.933 --> 24:48.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Uta, do you think that's necessary here? 24:50.200 --> 24:54.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - I don't think that lawn diseases are a big issue here. 24:54.900 --> 24:58.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% I mean, a lot of the diseases are caused by fungi. 24:58.733 --> 25:01.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% They typically like it moist and warm. 25:01.000 --> 25:02.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% I don't know if that's, necessarily, 25:02.733 --> 25:04.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% so much of an issue here. 25:04.866 --> 25:06.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I think that's maybe something 25:06.333 --> 25:11.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that your lawn and tree care service suggests, 25:11.833 --> 25:14.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% 'cause you know, they have to run a business. 25:14.366 --> 25:17.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But, I think you might be fine, skipping that one. 25:17.400 --> 25:20.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - You know, we got some snow last night here. 25:20.000 --> 25:22.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And I don't think it's going to stick around for good, 25:22.000 --> 25:24.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% quite yet, but we hadn't got all the leaves raked up. 25:24.433 --> 25:28.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Is that an important thing to be getting on top of? 25:28.533 --> 25:31.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - I raked my leaves up yesterday, so. 25:33.233 --> 25:35.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Actually, that's a good question. 25:36.400 --> 25:38.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% You know, I think it depends on 25:38.233 --> 25:41.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% how thick the leaf layer is on your lawn. 25:41.933 --> 25:45.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I think if it's a lot of leaves on your lawn, 25:45.800 --> 25:48.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% there might just be a risk that they don't decompose. 25:48.266 --> 25:50.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And then, you just have this, like, kind of like, 25:50.500 --> 25:54.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% gluey layer of half-composed leaves laying on your lawn. 25:54.700 --> 25:56.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I don't know if it will cause disease, but you know, 25:56.500 --> 25:59.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% it will like take away the air and the light 25:59.333 --> 26:01.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% from your lawn, in the next spring. 26:02.666 --> 26:04.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% - I'm always figured that could contribute 26:04.100 --> 26:07.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% to the, sort of, the environmental side 26:07.466 --> 26:09.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% of the disease triangle for all the fungal diseases. 26:09.666 --> 26:11.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Oh yeah. I mean, so there's this concern of, 26:11.033 --> 26:12.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% there's a snow mold. 26:12.366 --> 26:15.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So, I think Abby talked about it last week too. 26:15.566 --> 26:18.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% If, you know, if we have a lot of snow cover 26:18.866 --> 26:22.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and our grass blades are very long, 26:22.533 --> 26:24.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% they can be attacked by certain fungi that, you know, 26:24.933 --> 26:27.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% seem to thrive under these temperatures and conditions 26:27.733 --> 26:29.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that are provided under the snow cover, 26:29.800 --> 26:31.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% so that can be an issue. 26:31.833 --> 26:35.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So, in that sense, I think she recommended to mowed lawn. 26:35.600 --> 26:38.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% I don't know if the leaves do quite the same thing. 26:38.233 --> 26:43.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I mean, you know, I think one idea would be, like, 26:43.066 --> 26:45.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% rake it up or if you don't want to rake it up, 26:45.133 --> 26:46.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% mow it over with the lawnmower, 26:46.600 --> 26:48.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and kind of break up the leaves a little bit, 26:48.333 --> 26:49.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% to help them decompose. 26:49.466 --> 26:52.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% It could be like a little bit of mulching for your lawn. 26:52.300 --> 26:55.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% - I, first of all, it's November here, 26:55.033 --> 26:57.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% and to have warm conditions like we have, 26:57.566 --> 27:00.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I mowed my yard Friday, - [Uta] Yeah. I saw that. 27:00.400 --> 27:03.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - in November, which we never used to do. 27:03.033 --> 27:04.333 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - [Uta] Yeah. 27:04.333 --> 27:07.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - I mowed it just before we had that nice, big windstorm. 27:07.366 --> 27:09.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I mowed the grass very short. 27:09.933 --> 27:11.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And you know what? 27:11.266 --> 27:13.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% I don't have any leaves left in my yard 27:13.200 --> 27:15.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% that fell off the citrus trees. 27:15.433 --> 27:16.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Oh, there ya go. 27:16.266 --> 27:17.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Worked very, very well. 27:17.666 --> 27:18.666 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% - Perfect. 27:18.666 --> 27:20.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - It blew away into your neighbors yard? 27:20.566 --> 27:21.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Yeah, exactly. 27:21.400 --> 27:23.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% And it controls snow mold. - Got hung up in the fence. 27:23.200 --> 27:27.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Okay. Question came in this week and last week, 27:27.066 --> 27:29.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and I didn't ask it last week 27:29.000 --> 27:30.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% because I hadn't heard of it, 27:30.500 --> 27:33.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% but we talked about a little bit before. 27:33.166 --> 27:37.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% From Facebook, "Is it okay to plant Yellow Rattle seeds 27:37.100 --> 27:41.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in flower beds that are riddled with a horrible grass 27:41.100 --> 27:45.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that has a lot of underground rhizomes?" 27:45.166 --> 27:47.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% First of all, I'd never heard of Yellow Rattle. 27:47.600 --> 27:49.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% So, you want to tell us what it is? 27:49.400 --> 27:52.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Yes. So, Yellow Rattle is, 27:53.466 --> 27:56.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% it belongs to the genus, wren sinus. 27:56.266 --> 27:57.100 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% Excuse me. 27:57.100 --> 28:00.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% I'll just put my plant nerd credentials out there. 28:00.600 --> 28:04.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And it's a member of the scrophularia family. 28:04.433 --> 28:08.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So, it's a hemi-parasitic plant, actually. 28:08.466 --> 28:11.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And it lives, I'm pretty sure 28:11.633 --> 28:13.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% it does not live on grass roots, 28:13.766 --> 28:17.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% but lives on Daisy roots, of the different. 28:17.166 --> 28:22.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And so, if you planted it into a heavy grass stand, 28:25.833 --> 28:27.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I think it would be okay, 28:27.066 --> 28:28.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and I think it would grow. 28:28.166 --> 28:29.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% It's a little bit of a weed 28:29.633 --> 28:32.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that people worry about in certain- 28:32.533 --> 28:36.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% If you have a really clean, alfalfa legume, 28:36.000 --> 28:37.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% sort of, grass hay, 28:37.500 --> 28:41.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% it's not desired in that alfalfa, or sort of- 28:41.166 --> 28:44.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - Were you planting it because it's a desirable ornamental? 28:44.500 --> 28:47.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - I think people have planted it before, 28:47.466 --> 28:50.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% as an ornamental plant, but you know, 28:50.466 --> 28:54.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% a weed is just one step away from an ornamental plant. 28:54.033 --> 28:57.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Sorry to all the horticultural people out there. 28:57.033 --> 29:00.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% But, we've introduced a whole lot of weeds into Montana 29:00.566 --> 29:05.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that were introduced for their horticultural value. 29:05.666 --> 29:08.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And so, sometimes, when we look at those plants, 29:08.233 --> 29:11.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and it's an attractive, little yellow box, 29:11.766 --> 29:14.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% or like a little Yellow Rattle, that forms on the top. 29:16.133 --> 29:17.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% And so, you know, I don't know 29:17.433 --> 29:18.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% if I would encourage planting it. 29:18.933 --> 29:21.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% It has been a weed around the Twin Bridges area, 29:21.566 --> 29:24.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and, I think, at some other heavily irrigated pastures. 29:24.133 --> 29:25.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% It needs a lot of moisture. 29:25.400 --> 29:27.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, it's usually in flood irrigated pastures, 29:27.500 --> 29:29.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% where I've seen it, as a weed. 29:29.300 --> 29:31.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Okay. I've learned a lot tonight. 29:31.166 --> 29:33.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% I had never heard of it before. 29:33.033 --> 29:37.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Thank you, Stephen, from Phillipsburg, 29:37.466 --> 29:41.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% this caller has had rabbits eating her car wires. 29:41.833 --> 29:44.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Is there any way to stop this from happening? 29:44.833 --> 29:47.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And I know that's an issue a lot of places. 29:47.766 --> 29:51.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Well, number one, I would love to have, 29:51.066 --> 29:52.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% have her send me those wires. 29:52.500 --> 29:54.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I'll be glad to pay for the pay for the shipping for that. 29:54.966 --> 29:57.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So, I'm always looking for damaged items. 29:57.600 --> 29:59.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I wish there was an easy way. 29:59.500 --> 30:02.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Short of garaging your field, 30:02.300 --> 30:04.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% there is a product out of California 30:04.200 --> 30:09.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% that uses a shock mat around the perimeter of your car. 30:09.333 --> 30:13.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And you, basically, drive your car into this grid, 30:13.500 --> 30:14.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and it uses a shock track, 30:14.766 --> 30:17.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% so animals aren't going to step towards your vehicle. 30:17.433 --> 30:18.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But, I think that's not going to be practical 30:18.966 --> 30:21.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% once we start getting snow, here in Montana. 30:21.466 --> 30:23.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I think, ultimately, what you're going to have to do 30:23.666 --> 30:26.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% is either have some sort of fence around your vehicle, 30:26.500 --> 30:27.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% put it in the garage, 30:27.533 --> 30:31.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% or try to trap down those rabbits in your particular area, 30:31.900 --> 30:33.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% or reduce the population. 30:33.466 --> 30:36.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% The problem is, is that we have some vehicles 30:36.233 --> 30:40.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% are using organic type of wiring now, 30:40.900 --> 30:41.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% for the installation, 30:41.866 --> 30:44.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and that seems to be some thought, it's called Soy. 30:44.700 --> 30:46.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And some people believe that that's, actually, 30:46.533 --> 30:49.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% encouraging more gnawing on these wires. 30:49.633 --> 30:50.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - [Jack] Okay, thank you. 30:50.500 --> 30:51.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% - [Mac] It doesn't happen in my old truck. 30:51.966 --> 30:55.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% (group laughing) 30:55.166 --> 30:57.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - If you've ever been to the Bugaboos in Canada, 30:57.433 --> 31:01.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% outside of Fernie, you drive down a really long gravel road. 31:01.266 --> 31:02.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% One that you don't want to, 31:02.866 --> 31:04.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% you don't want to have car trouble on. 31:04.800 --> 31:06.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And when you get to the trail head, 31:06.900 --> 31:09.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% people wrap their cars in chicken wire, 31:09.700 --> 31:11.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% around the base, 31:11.000 --> 31:12.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and put rocks on the base, 31:12.066 --> 31:15.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% because they had a really bad problem of porcupines 31:15.700 --> 31:18.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% chewing vulcanized rubber hoses. 31:18.333 --> 31:20.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And so, it could be a tough, tough out there. 31:20.866 --> 31:23.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% So, I have seen chicken wire and rocks. 31:23.666 --> 31:25.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - That'll work. That will work. 31:25.933 --> 31:27.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - We learned something again tonight. 31:27.233 --> 31:29.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - That will work. 31:29.600 --> 31:32.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% - We're going to do a little promo after this next question. 31:32.800 --> 31:34.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So, I'll let the studio know 31:34.233 --> 31:35.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that I'm going to plug a little thing 31:35.800 --> 31:40.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% called, Annie's Project, after I ask a question. 31:41.833 --> 31:45.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Will there be herbicide carry-over caused 31:45.266 --> 31:46.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% That's a good question. 31:48.000 --> 31:50.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - I would say likely. Yes. 31:50.833 --> 31:53.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% It's a hard thing to predict. 31:53.700 --> 31:57.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So, when we use herbicides in our crop fields, 31:57.566 --> 32:00.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% we often use molecules 32:00.633 --> 32:04.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that have what we call, a residual half-life. 32:04.000 --> 32:06.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And we want them to stay in the field 32:06.233 --> 32:09.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% to continue to affect the weeds. 32:09.200 --> 32:12.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But, when most herbicides are broken down, 32:12.300 --> 32:16.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% either through a chemical reaction that requires water, 32:16.466 --> 32:20.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% or microbes consume it, and they also require water. 32:20.400 --> 32:22.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, in these really dry drought years 32:22.666 --> 32:25.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% that we've had this year, 32:25.400 --> 32:29.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% sometimes the half-life of that herbicide is longer. 32:29.500 --> 32:32.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, it takes longer for it to break down. 32:32.300 --> 32:35.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So next year, there may well be issues 32:35.900 --> 32:39.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% of herbicide carry-over from things that were applied year. 32:39.833 --> 32:42.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I know in Canada, they've made some, 32:42.600 --> 32:45.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in Saskatchewan, Alberta, 32:45.400 --> 32:49.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% they've some of the companies have really talked about, 32:49.533 --> 32:51.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% "Be careful with pulses 32:51.266 --> 32:54.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and be careful with oil seeds next year, 32:54.133 --> 32:56.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% where you've sprayed certain residual herbicides." 32:56.633 --> 32:58.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So, it definitely could be a problem next year. 32:58.800 --> 33:02.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Okay. I'm going to bring up a little a blurb here, 33:02.500 --> 33:05.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% there's a project going on in the state 33:05.066 --> 33:07.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% called Annie's Project. 33:07.066 --> 33:12.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And they're promoting empowering women in agriculture. 33:12.233 --> 33:14.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And that's a six-week program 33:14.466 --> 33:17.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% that starts, actually, tomorrow night, virtually. 33:17.800 --> 33:22.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% It starts at 6:00 PM, goes to 8:30. It is $50. 33:23.333 --> 33:26.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And I tell you, what I've heard about this program, 33:26.000 --> 33:28.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% it's absolutely incredible. 33:28.133 --> 33:30.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Women are playing such a more important role 33:30.300 --> 33:31.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% in agriculture every year. 33:31.600 --> 33:34.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% This would be a good chance to interact with those women 33:34.533 --> 33:37.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% who are involved with agriculture. 33:37.033 --> 33:39.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% If you're interested in joining that group 33:39.500 --> 33:43.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% starting tomorrow night, you can get a hold of Katrin Finch. 33:43.900 --> 33:45.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And her number is 33:45.800 --> 33:48.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% (406) 454-6980. 33:51.200 --> 33:53.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And I'll repeat that phone number again, 33:53.133 --> 33:55.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in about 10 minutes, if you didn't have a pen. 33:55.966 --> 33:57.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% But, folks, this is a great program. 33:57.933 --> 33:59.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% It's a chance to learn something. 33:59.666 --> 34:02.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% If I weren't going to be gone a lot, 34:02.100 --> 34:04.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I would be joining this group tomorrow. 34:04.333 --> 34:05.533 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% So, anyway. 34:05.533 --> 34:06.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - [Uta] But you're not a woman, Jack. 34:06.833 --> 34:08.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - I know, but you can still learn, right? 34:08.933 --> 34:10.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% (group laughing) 34:10.500 --> 34:11.966 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% And, actually, that's a good point. 34:11.966 --> 34:14.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I think next year, we're going to really take a special look 34:14.900 --> 34:18.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% at women in agriculture, on this particular program. 34:18.400 --> 34:19.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% It's high time we do. 34:19.566 --> 34:21.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% And they play a very critical role 34:21.700 --> 34:23.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% in today's agricultural picture. 34:25.466 --> 34:26.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Why have you, Uta- 34:28.500 --> 34:32.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% This person would like to know, 34:32.100 --> 34:34.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% is there anything special they should do 34:34.066 --> 34:35.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% to prepare their garden for winter? 34:35.866 --> 34:37.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And Mac, you can jump into. 34:37.733 --> 34:39.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% You guys, just hop on it. 34:39.500 --> 34:40.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Yeah, I think that's a great question. 34:40.966 --> 34:43.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And I guess applause to the person for, you know, 34:43.366 --> 34:45.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% thinking about that and asking that question. 34:47.100 --> 34:48.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% You know, I think there are a lot of things, 34:48.600 --> 34:50.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% we already talked about leaves. 34:50.766 --> 34:54.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I want to add here, if you have a tree or shrub 34:54.700 --> 34:56.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% in your yard or in your garden 34:56.900 --> 34:59.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% that has some disease issues and foliar disease issue, 34:59.733 --> 35:01.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I would think it's especially important 35:01.300 --> 35:04.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that you rake up those leaves and actually dispose of them. 35:04.900 --> 35:08.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So, put them in the garbage rather than composting them. 35:09.533 --> 35:11.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% 'Cause those leaves can often, you know, 35:11.400 --> 35:14.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% be a place where the pathogen overwinters 35:14.033 --> 35:17.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and then re-infect the tree in new, the next season. 35:17.600 --> 35:20.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:52.5% And then while we're talking about, you know, sick plants, 35:20.466 --> 35:21.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I'm a pathologist. 35:21.833 --> 35:24.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% So, I think it's a great idea at the end of the season 35:24.833 --> 35:28.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% to sanitize your garden tools to really kill off the germs 35:28.700 --> 35:30.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that, you know, are maybe residing on there. 35:30.933 --> 35:35.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, your tools that you use for pruning, 35:35.800 --> 35:36.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% but also for example, 35:36.866 --> 35:39.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% your wheel barrel or other things that you carry sod with. 35:39.766 --> 35:41.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Your pots, once you've emptied them, 35:41.266 --> 35:44.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% you want to wash them, rinse them, sanitize them. 35:44.033 --> 35:45.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% That would be something important to do, 35:45.800 --> 35:49.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and just sets you up for a successful season the next year. 35:49.400 --> 35:51.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - I agree. Anything you want to add? 35:51.033 --> 35:52.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Yeah. Clean up. 35:52.233 --> 35:54.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Look for your tools, and bring them inside, and oil handles. 35:54.900 --> 35:57.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% - So, my frozen, cold cucumber vines 35:57.833 --> 35:59.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that still have the last stragglers, 35:59.833 --> 36:02.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I should go clean those up and pull them out of the garden? 36:02.366 --> 36:03.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - You know, it's probably not the end of the world. 36:03.866 --> 36:06.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But, you know, in this number, of specific cases, 36:06.966 --> 36:07.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% are mind boggling. 36:07.766 --> 36:09.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% But, there are diseases and pest 36:09.633 --> 36:12.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% that will proliferate on, you know, 36:12.666 --> 36:15.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% either from the presence from your old cucumber vine, 36:15.033 --> 36:16.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% or just having residue on the surface residue. 36:16.500 --> 36:18.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% And residue on the surface can be good 36:18.433 --> 36:21.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% for many aspects of soil quality, 36:21.100 --> 36:23.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% but they can also harbor pests, and so. 36:23.533 --> 36:26.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Some fall tillage, or just turning things over 36:26.400 --> 36:27.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and covering things up, 36:27.733 --> 36:30.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% can be beneficial from some of the insect pest perspectives. 36:31.733 --> 36:33.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Okay. Thank you, folks. 36:33.233 --> 36:34.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Stephen. From Billings, 36:34.466 --> 36:37.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% this person has soft-wooded trees in a ditch 36:37.833 --> 36:40.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% that are about six inches in circumference. 36:40.266 --> 36:43.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% They're being gnawed down by a beaver. 36:43.400 --> 36:44.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% How do you get rid of these beaver 36:44.800 --> 36:47.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% without destroying the ditch bank behind your home? 36:48.500 --> 36:50.000 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15% Legally. 36:50.000 --> 36:51.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Well, you'd want to be trapping. 36:51.366 --> 36:53.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% And so, seasons should be here. 36:53.233 --> 36:55.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I think it's seasons going on right now. 36:55.400 --> 36:57.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% So, if you can find a fur trapper, 36:57.233 --> 36:59.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% who'd be interested in trapping those beaver, 36:59.200 --> 37:02.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% then that would certainly be the easiest way to go forward. 37:02.233 --> 37:03.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Otherwise, you're looking at 37:03.600 --> 37:06.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% either some sort of fencing situation, 37:06.266 --> 37:10.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% or a mixture of paint and masonry sand, 37:10.600 --> 37:13.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% that can sometimes be placed on trees 37:13.133 --> 37:14.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% to prevent their gnawing. 37:14.633 --> 37:16.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% It's not a foolproof. 37:16.033 --> 37:17.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And so, generally speaking, 37:17.766 --> 37:20.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% if the beaver doesn't have alternative trees to feed on, 37:20.366 --> 37:21.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% it's not going to be something 37:21.333 --> 37:23.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% that's going to be very effective for you. 37:23.200 --> 37:25.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So, I think if you're having tree damage, 37:25.100 --> 37:27.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% trapping and removal system 37:27.766 --> 37:30.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% is going to be the way forward for you. 37:30.200 --> 37:31.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Okay. Thank you. 37:33.800 --> 37:35.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% I like this one. Mac, you ready? 37:35.500 --> 37:37.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Okay. What do we got? 37:37.166 --> 37:42.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% This person from Townsend, like Split Pea soup. 37:42.233 --> 37:44.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% They want to know why Split Pea soup 37:44.300 --> 37:47.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% is always made with green peas and not yellow peas? 37:48.666 --> 37:49.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - You can make it with yellow peas 37:49.800 --> 37:51.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and just call it, "Dal," right? 37:51.333 --> 37:53.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% (group laughing) 37:53.000 --> 37:55.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Well, I, you know, if you ordered in a restaurant, 37:55.266 --> 37:57.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and I happen to like it, it's always green peas. 37:57.733 --> 38:01.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% Is there a nutritional reason or quality reason? 38:01.900 --> 38:04.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% - You know, the yellow peas and yellow lentils 38:04.166 --> 38:06.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% are eaten in other countries, 38:06.900 --> 38:09.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and, you know, enjoy them too. They're great. 38:09.466 --> 38:11.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% But yeah, green are traditional, I guess. 38:11.300 --> 38:13.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - This summer, at a cropping tour, 38:13.966 --> 38:15.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% The Streetery out of Havard, 38:15.700 --> 38:19.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% they actually made some really delicious Yellow Pea hummus. 38:19.766 --> 38:20.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Jack] I like that. 38:20.866 --> 38:21.800 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25% - Yep. 38:21.800 --> 38:24.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% - Yeah. I do those Crimson-red lentils 38:24.966 --> 38:27.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% that are decorticated and they're, kind of, 38:27.100 --> 38:31.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% pink-red in color and they make a real nice soup. 38:31.866 --> 38:32.700 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Okay. 38:32.700 --> 38:34.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - If you want to call it that? 38:34.066 --> 38:36.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Well, have- - A little bit of garlic. 38:36.266 --> 38:38.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Isn't that what pulse means, right? 38:38.333 --> 38:39.633 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% Pulse means- - [Jack] Soup. 38:39.633 --> 38:43.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% - Yeah, pulse means, soup or a stew. Yeah. 38:43.666 --> 38:46.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Okay. Well, now that we got that settled. 38:46.300 --> 38:47.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - [Uta] I'm getting hungry. 38:47.666 --> 38:48.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% (group laughing) 38:48.500 --> 38:49.333 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. 38:52.333 --> 38:54.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Steve, and this is another interesting one. 38:54.466 --> 38:57.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% From Plains, the caller has seen and heard 38:57.933 --> 39:00.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% of plastic sunflowers that are placed 39:00.100 --> 39:02.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% in the ground by plants. 39:02.000 --> 39:05.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% They make a noise and scare away voles and rabbits. 39:05.500 --> 39:07.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Have you heard of that before? 39:07.933 --> 39:11.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Not that specific frightening device. 39:11.733 --> 39:13.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% I'd love to hear more about it, 39:13.066 --> 39:15.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% but here's the rule of thumb. 39:15.233 --> 39:17.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% The rule of thumb for wildlife control is, 39:17.433 --> 39:19.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% "If it's easy, and something simple, 39:19.733 --> 39:21.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and inexpensive, and you want to do it, 39:21.500 --> 39:23.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% it probably won't work." 39:23.233 --> 39:27.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So, unfortunately, that's just the reality of it. 39:27.433 --> 39:29.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% The reason is because the animal can come at it 39:29.766 --> 39:31.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% from a different angle. 39:31.133 --> 39:32.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Like, you know, people will try repellents 39:32.666 --> 39:33.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% of various forms, 39:33.800 --> 39:35.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and often they don't have the kind of success 39:35.800 --> 39:37.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% that people want to have. 39:37.133 --> 39:39.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% So, I would be highly skeptical. 39:39.066 --> 39:42.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I have photo of a vibrating-type device 39:42.633 --> 39:44.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that was used to repel voles, 39:44.966 --> 39:47.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and you can see the vole damage around it. 39:47.200 --> 39:50.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% A lot of this stuff simply doesn't work. 39:50.866 --> 39:54.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So, I would be very cautious about putting money into that. 39:54.100 --> 39:54.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Why I have you up, 39:54.900 --> 39:57.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and we have a lot of questions about voles, 39:57.100 --> 39:58.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and every time you're on, 39:58.166 --> 40:01.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% we get a lot of questions about voles. 40:01.000 --> 40:04.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% It comes down to, most people want to know, 40:04.066 --> 40:06.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% what's the best way to trap voles? 40:06.666 --> 40:09.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And I think you probably sent some pictures down 40:09.466 --> 40:10.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% showing vole traps, or am I- 40:10.933 --> 40:13.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - And I have a publication, on our website, 40:13.600 --> 40:14.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% on vole control. 40:14.600 --> 40:17.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So, if you can find the trails, take your mouse trap. 40:17.966 --> 40:21.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% You want to use an expanded trigger mousetrap, 40:21.166 --> 40:22.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and you don't even need to bait it. 40:22.533 --> 40:24.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% You can then put it perpendicular 40:24.133 --> 40:27.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% so that the trigger is right in the trail, 40:27.166 --> 40:30.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and just line them up, and start trapping your voles. 40:30.533 --> 40:32.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% You can also use your multiple-catch mousetraps, 40:32.966 --> 40:35.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and just put the opening right in the trail, 40:35.100 --> 40:37.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and they'll run right in. 40:37.066 --> 40:39.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Vole aren't that smart. 40:39.033 --> 40:40.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And just trap aggressively. 40:40.600 --> 40:42.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And keep that debris down, 40:42.366 --> 40:44.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% and that's going to be very important for you. 40:44.300 --> 40:45.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - So, right now is the time? 40:46.900 --> 40:49.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% - Troll, aggressively, now before the snow hits. 40:49.300 --> 40:50.133 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25% - Yep. 40:50.133 --> 40:51.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Okay. Thank you. 40:51.000 --> 40:52.566 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Absolutely. 40:52.566 --> 40:54.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% - Uta, you had something here earlier, 40:54.133 --> 40:55.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that you're showing me. 40:55.666 --> 40:57.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% You want to show the audience what you have here, 40:57.300 --> 40:58.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% as kind of a show and tell? 40:58.866 --> 41:02.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% - All right. I wanted to or I brought along today, 41:02.066 --> 41:05.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% the, what's it called? It's a calendar. 41:05.566 --> 41:09.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% It's produced by the Urban IPM program, 41:10.300 --> 41:13.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% or the it's the MSU Extension IPM program. 41:13.666 --> 41:15.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But, this calendar is specifically focusing 41:15.766 --> 41:18.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% on Urban IPM, and it's for next year. 41:18.200 --> 41:20.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, this is a great time to grab some, 41:20.900 --> 41:23.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and then, you know, give it to your friends and neighbors, 41:23.466 --> 41:24.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% or hang it up in your house. 41:24.633 --> 41:26.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So, it's really pretty. 41:26.333 --> 41:28.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I hope, you know, you can already make that out 41:28.533 --> 41:29.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% from the cover, 41:29.366 --> 41:30.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% but what's really nice about this, 41:30.900 --> 41:35.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% is it has, for every month of the year, some tips, you know, 41:37.100 --> 41:40.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% that are just around house and garden care, et cetera. 41:42.533 --> 41:45.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And yeah, it's a, kind of, a product that is, 41:47.300 --> 41:49.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% you know, we put a lot of effort in, 41:49.333 --> 41:52.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% and it turns out really nice every year. 41:52.100 --> 41:54.466 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% So, if you are interested in these, 41:54.466 --> 41:57.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% they are for free, and every county extension office 41:57.700 --> 42:02.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% across the state has several of those laying around. 42:02.433 --> 42:05.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% So, you just stopped by, and ask for a copy, 42:05.666 --> 42:08.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and it's yours. 42:08.500 --> 42:10.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - I've been into a lot of nursery shops 42:10.866 --> 42:14.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% over the last few years, stocking up on plants 42:14.266 --> 42:16.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that the voles have eaten and so forth. 42:16.333 --> 42:21.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% But anyways, I see those in most of these nursery shops. 42:21.066 --> 42:22.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And I think they're great. 42:22.000 --> 42:23.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And thank you for showing us. 42:23.966 --> 42:25.233 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15% Stephen. 42:25.233 --> 42:26.066 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25% - Yes. 42:26.066 --> 42:26.900 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Back to you. 42:26.900 --> 42:29.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And this one, I can kind of relate to. 42:29.633 --> 42:32.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% From Missoula, this caller has a skunk 42:32.333 --> 42:35.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% in the basement of her older house. 42:35.000 --> 42:36.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% How can she get rid of it? 42:37.600 --> 42:40.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Okay, well, I have a publication on skunks as well. 42:40.066 --> 42:41.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% So, you want to get a cage trap 42:41.933 --> 42:44.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% that is at least 7 x 7 x 24. 42:44.733 --> 42:48.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And then you also want to get an old cloth cover. 42:48.333 --> 42:49.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% You can use a larger trap if you wish, 42:49.900 --> 42:52.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but the minimum size would be 7 x 7 x 24, 42:52.733 --> 42:53.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and that's an inches. 42:53.566 --> 42:55.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And so, you'd want to get a cover, 42:55.100 --> 42:56.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% some sort of an old cloth, 42:56.466 --> 42:59.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that would cover at least half of the length of the trap, 42:59.033 --> 43:00.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% typically, where the bait area is. 43:00.366 --> 43:02.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Get some fried chicken. 43:02.800 --> 43:05.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% Set your trap so it's a very stable, 43:05.800 --> 43:07.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% you don't want any movement in that trap 43:07.766 --> 43:08.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% when the skunks walk it in. 43:08.733 --> 43:10.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% Put the fried chicken in the back. 43:10.400 --> 43:13.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Cover the trap so you have a blind place to come to. 43:13.833 --> 43:15.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And then capture it. 43:15.466 --> 43:17.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And that way, when you capture it, 43:17.866 --> 43:21.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% you can then take it out of your basement and let it loose, 43:21.000 --> 43:22.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% if you let loose your backyard, 43:22.966 --> 43:25.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% or dispatch it, accordingly. 43:26.400 --> 43:28.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But, you know, you're not going to be trans-locating it. 43:28.933 --> 43:30.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% If you're gentle with that trap, 43:30.300 --> 43:31.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% you shouldn't have the skunk smelling, 43:31.800 --> 43:35.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% Make sure you know how to set and open the door. 43:35.533 --> 43:37.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Because once the skunks inside, 43:37.400 --> 43:38.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% if you're going to be releasing it, 43:38.500 --> 43:41.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% you need to be sure you know how to quickly open that door. 43:41.200 --> 43:43.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% You're always wearing gloves and safety equipment. 43:43.766 --> 43:46.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% Happy to give you more advice from my publication, 43:46.566 --> 43:48.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% or you can call me, as well. 43:48.533 --> 43:51.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% That's basically it. It's pretty easy project. 43:51.466 --> 43:53.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Okay. I'm going to follow-up skunk, a little bit, 43:53.833 --> 43:55.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% because I learned something this year 43:55.600 --> 43:57.833 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% from one of my golden retrievers. 43:57.833 --> 44:00.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% If they get skunked, 44:00.033 --> 44:01.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% or you get a little bit, 44:01.900 --> 44:03.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and you treat 'em with something like, 44:03.466 --> 44:05.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Skunk-Off, or some of these products, 44:05.433 --> 44:07.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% you have to do it before you give them a bath. 44:07.966 --> 44:10.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Is that correct? And if so, why? 44:10.266 --> 44:13.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Well, I recommend when people are having a dog issue, 44:13.733 --> 44:16.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% you want to be sure, don't let the dog in the house. 44:16.500 --> 44:18.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% That's very important. 44:18.066 --> 44:19.800 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% Wear gloves. 44:19.800 --> 44:21.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And then you want to be wearing gloves, 44:21.133 --> 44:22.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and you want to use a product- 44:22.333 --> 44:24.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% You want to use a cup of baking soda, 44:26.966 --> 44:30.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% a pint, or I think it's a quart of hydrogen peroxide, 44:30.866 --> 44:33.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and one tablespoon of liquid dish detergent. 44:33.600 --> 44:34.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Mix that fresh, 44:34.800 --> 44:37.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and then simply place it, you know, 44:37.533 --> 44:39.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% pour that over where the dog- 44:39.766 --> 44:41.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% Keep it out of the dog's mouth and eyes. 44:41.800 --> 44:44.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% And it actually de-natures the odor. 44:44.000 --> 44:45.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Don't use tomato juice. 44:45.366 --> 44:46.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Don't use a lot of this other stuff. 44:46.766 --> 44:48.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Skunk-Off may work, 44:48.566 --> 44:52.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% but you'll find that the hydrogen peroxide formula 44:53.766 --> 44:57.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% is chemically proven to denature the odor, and so. 44:57.266 --> 44:58.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - [Jack] It's a lot cheaper. - And it's cheap. 44:58.633 --> 45:01.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - It's very easy to use. Just mix it fresh. 45:01.600 --> 45:02.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Don't mix it in advance. 45:02.666 --> 45:04.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Just keep the materials around. It's very good, 45:04.633 --> 45:06.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% But, don't let that dog in the house, 45:06.033 --> 45:08.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% because that odor can just contaminate 45:08.233 --> 45:09.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% a whole host of things, 45:09.900 --> 45:12.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and you'll rule-the-day if it gets into your house. 45:12.600 --> 45:15.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - My dog was out in the garage for a lot longer 45:15.133 --> 45:17.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and he preferred to be there, I will tell you that. 45:17.500 --> 45:20.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% (group laughing) 45:21.633 --> 45:25.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Another question, this isn't on peas, this is on lentils. 45:25.266 --> 45:28.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% Mac said that he uses red lentils. 45:28.400 --> 45:31.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Can you actually tell the difference in tastes 45:31.300 --> 45:33.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% of their various, different colored lentils? 45:35.533 --> 45:37.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - I don't know if you could do the taste. 45:37.100 --> 45:40.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% There's definitely textural differences and size differences 45:40.200 --> 45:41.300 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% among them. 45:41.300 --> 45:43.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% But, some of the smaller ones 45:43.000 --> 45:44.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% that have their seed coat on them still, 45:44.500 --> 45:46.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% can stay kind of crunchy or al dente. 45:46.800 --> 45:49.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And then, your typical green lentils, you know, 45:49.900 --> 45:51.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% you taste the- Not you taste. 45:51.700 --> 45:54.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% You experience the fiber on the skins, 45:54.066 --> 45:56.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and those red lentils I was talking about, 45:56.200 --> 45:58.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% those do turn into a much smoother texture 45:58.466 --> 46:00.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% because those skins have been rubbed off. 46:00.933 --> 46:03.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Yeah. They cook much mushier, quicklier, 46:03.433 --> 46:05.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% where you end up with more like a dal, 46:05.033 --> 46:06.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% or something like that. 46:06.433 --> 46:08.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Where as, the green lentils tend to, at least- 46:08.866 --> 46:10.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Yeah, I think it's texture. 46:10.766 --> 46:12.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Yeah, they stay a little chewier. 46:12.300 --> 46:14.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And then there's some of those small ones, like I said, 46:14.066 --> 46:16.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% you know, especially, if you don't cook them as long, 46:16.000 --> 46:17.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% they can have more of an al dente- 46:18.733 --> 46:19.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - [Jack] Okay. Thank you. 46:19.566 --> 46:20.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Experience. 46:20.400 --> 46:22.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I'd like to do a blind taste test on you. 46:22.666 --> 46:25.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% We'll see if he can tell 'em apart. (laughs) 46:25.733 --> 46:28.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - I'm going to another good one for Stephen, in a minute. 46:28.066 --> 46:29.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But, before we do that, 46:29.166 --> 46:31.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I have another one here that fascinates me. 46:31.900 --> 46:33.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% This person from Conrad, 46:33.700 --> 46:35.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% wants to know the difference between 46:35.300 --> 46:37.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% wild oats and regular oats. 46:38.400 --> 46:39.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Wild oats and regular oats, 46:39.900 --> 46:42.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% they're both in the same genus of plants, 46:42.766 --> 46:44.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and that's Avena. 46:44.033 --> 46:45.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So, when you go to the grocery store, 46:45.533 --> 46:47.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and you look at the Avena soap on the aisle, 46:47.700 --> 46:49.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% it'll be called, "Aveeno" or something. 46:50.600 --> 46:53.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% They are two different species. 46:53.100 --> 46:57.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Cultivated oats are much larger in size 46:57.400 --> 46:59.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and their seed coat is not as tough. 46:59.966 --> 47:03.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Wild oats are, you know, 47:03.466 --> 47:05.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% we have to sew our wild oats, 47:05.300 --> 47:07.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and they're pretty tough seeds. 47:07.400 --> 47:09.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% They live a long time. They have a thick seed coat, 47:09.800 --> 47:14.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and there's not as much sort of germ plasm in there to eat. 47:14.000 --> 47:16.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% The actual genus of plants is pretty big. 47:16.200 --> 47:20.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% There's a lot of wild oat grasses and oat 47:20.833 --> 47:23.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - So, what makes them weedy is that seed dormancy then? 47:23.166 --> 47:24.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Yeah, the seed dormancy, 47:26.166 --> 47:31.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% they grow more rapidly and their fruit is smaller. 47:31.966 --> 47:34.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% - We get resistance to wild oats, quite rapidly, 47:34.466 --> 47:36.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% with the herbicides that we've used, is that correct? 47:36.933 --> 47:40.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Yes, we do, in Montana, 47:40.700 --> 47:43.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% herbicide-resistant, wild oats is, probably, 47:43.033 --> 47:44.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% one of our biggest problems 47:44.366 --> 47:46.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% when it comes to herbicide resistance. 47:46.233 --> 47:49.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And we do have multiple herbicide-resistant wild oats. 47:49.600 --> 47:51.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And the Fairfield Bench, 47:51.300 --> 47:53.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% I think with the irrigated barley, 47:53.000 --> 47:54.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% or some of the barley that's been up there, 47:54.633 --> 47:56.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% was a real focal point of it 47:56.466 --> 47:59.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% in the 90s and the early 2000s, 47:59.133 --> 48:01.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but it's also spread across the state. 48:01.533 --> 48:03.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% And now, we have wild oat problems 48:03.333 --> 48:06.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% where we have resistance to the grassy herbicides 48:06.366 --> 48:10.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that we would normally use in peas, and lentils, and pulses. 48:10.066 --> 48:13.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And so, wild oat can become problematic in there too. 48:13.366 --> 48:15.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% But, it's definitely more of a spring wheat, 48:15.566 --> 48:17.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% so it's a spring wheat, pulse crop weed, 48:17.966 --> 48:19.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% not so much a winter wheat weed. 48:19.800 --> 48:21.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Okay. Thank you. 48:21.400 --> 48:23.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Stephen, question from Missoula, 48:23.666 --> 48:27.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and they say they are plagued by Fox squirrels. 48:27.400 --> 48:30.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Once they found this person's Apricot tree, 48:30.600 --> 48:32.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% they never tasted a ripe one. 48:32.300 --> 48:34.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% They only want the innermost core, 48:34.066 --> 48:37.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% the fruit is discorded, and my dog's gave up. 48:37.866 --> 48:40.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Had a similar problem with raccoons. 48:40.533 --> 48:43.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Is it time to get rid of the apricots and plums, 48:43.366 --> 48:45.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% or any suggestions? 48:45.700 --> 48:48.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - No, I think that, you know, you have a couple of options. 48:48.466 --> 48:50.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% One, you know, population reduction, of course, 48:50.833 --> 48:55.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% but also though, that flashing wrapping of the tree 48:55.333 --> 48:57.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% is certainly something to be thinking about, 48:57.200 --> 48:59.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% especially if your tree is relatively isolated, 48:59.700 --> 49:00.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% but if it's not, 49:00.466 --> 49:03.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% you can do all the trees that are nearby it 49:03.333 --> 49:07.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% to prevent the squirrels from being able to climb the trunk. 49:07.233 --> 49:10.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And so, you'd want to have at least three feet wide 49:10.433 --> 49:12.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and probably four feet, 49:12.266 --> 49:13.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% starting four feet off the ground, 49:13.933 --> 49:16.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% really make the force that squirrel to commit, 49:16.233 --> 49:18.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and then layer it like you would shingles. 49:18.233 --> 49:22.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So, you'd always have one wrap underneath the wrap above it, 49:22.366 --> 49:25.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and then you'd want to have little quarter-inch dowels 49:25.366 --> 49:26.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% between the flashing and the tree 49:26.966 --> 49:28.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% so that there's some air flow 49:28.166 --> 49:30.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% so you don't get mold fungus growing underneath that, 49:30.866 --> 49:33.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% but moisture dry out. 49:34.166 --> 49:37.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - I haven't seen a ripe apricot in Bozeman since 2007. 49:37.300 --> 49:39.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% (group laughing) 49:39.133 --> 49:41.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% You might, you might need to put bird net too, 49:43.366 --> 49:45.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% as they ripen, or? 49:45.033 --> 49:46.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Well, the bird netting might get chewed through 49:46.733 --> 49:47.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% by the squirrel. 49:47.633 --> 49:50.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So, you'd want to, it's certainly, if 49:50.700 --> 49:52.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% you'd have to be thinking metal, 49:52.000 --> 49:54.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% because squirrels are beaver that climb. 49:54.800 --> 49:56.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And you want to be sure that you're being aggressive, 49:56.966 --> 49:57.800 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% not, you know- 49:57.800 --> 50:00.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% So there's also, maybe some electrical fencing 50:00.166 --> 50:02.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that can work for you as well. 50:02.300 --> 50:04.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% It depends on how much effort 50:04.600 --> 50:06.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% you really want to put into this, 50:06.233 --> 50:08.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% but there can be some ways to at least diminish 50:08.566 --> 50:10.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% some of this damage for you. 50:10.500 --> 50:12.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Okay. Thanks, Stephen. 50:13.533 --> 50:14.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% A comment from Billings. 50:14.800 --> 50:17.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% This person says you can get a Deprivation Tag 50:17.533 --> 50:20.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% for beavers from the Department of Fish and Game, 50:20.533 --> 50:24.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and get a permit from the agency to trap the beavers 50:24.000 --> 50:24.833 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% in the summer. 50:24.833 --> 50:25.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So that's good to know. 50:25.700 --> 50:27.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - [Stephen] That's correct. 50:28.600 --> 50:29.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Uta, this is an interesting one, 50:29.666 --> 50:32.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and I can't remember a little bit about this. 50:32.433 --> 50:33.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Black Walnut trees, 50:33.733 --> 50:36.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% and we do have a few in the state, 50:36.300 --> 50:38.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% have a toxin associated with it. 50:38.666 --> 50:41.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% I think it's called juglon toxin and or something. 50:41.966 --> 50:43.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Does that prevent other plants 50:43.666 --> 50:45.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% from growing under Black Walnut? 50:45.400 --> 50:47.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I think it does, but I don't remember for sure. 50:47.933 --> 50:50.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% - Yeah. I don't know what the toxin is called, 50:50.366 --> 50:53.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% but it rings a bell, I think. 50:53.066 --> 50:55.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Yeah. It's like a nifty little trick 50:55.166 --> 50:56.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that this tree has developed, 50:56.800 --> 51:00.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% that it suppresses anything else growing nearby. 51:00.033 --> 51:01.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So with Walnut trees, 51:01.133 --> 51:03.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% I think it's important that you rake up the leaves 51:03.500 --> 51:07.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% to maintain your lawn, you know. 51:08.166 --> 51:10.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I think that's all that I can say about that. 51:10.166 --> 51:11.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Yeah, that's the thing. 51:11.000 --> 51:12.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Yeah, the outsides of the fruits 51:12.400 --> 51:14.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% is where most of the toxins is. 51:15.833 --> 51:17.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% - Oh, not even the leaves, the fruits? 51:17.633 --> 51:18.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - I think it's mostly the fruits. 51:18.933 --> 51:21.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And you know, my neighbor down the street 51:21.233 --> 51:22.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% has a Black Walnut tree. 51:22.766 --> 51:25.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% And just in the last few years, 51:25.100 --> 51:27.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% as climate change has made it a little bit warmer, 51:27.766 --> 51:31.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% we start to see them make a few fruits. 51:31.433 --> 51:32.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - That's interesting. 51:33.966 --> 51:36.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30% - Okay, Stephen, you're back on board. 51:36.333 --> 51:40.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And we've had several questions about Pocket gophers. 51:40.366 --> 51:41.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And almost everybody says, 51:41.933 --> 51:44.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45% "They're a pain and they want to get rid of them." 51:44.233 --> 51:45.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Any suggestions? 51:46.400 --> 51:49.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Sure. I have a publication on Pocket gophers, as well. 51:49.600 --> 51:51.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So, you have various options. 51:51.133 --> 51:55.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% You have, of course, trapping is the preferred method, 51:55.266 --> 51:56.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% actually, the best method. 51:56.466 --> 51:57.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% But, if you have lots of acreage, 51:57.733 --> 51:59.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% then you probably want to be looking at, 51:59.033 --> 52:00.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% for some sort of Rodenticide. 52:00.633 --> 52:03.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Strychnine is the best toxicant, 52:03.200 --> 52:06.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but it's also one of the most expensive. 52:06.066 --> 52:07.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% And you also have zinc phosphate 52:07.700 --> 52:09.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and, also, chloracetophenone, 52:09.933 --> 52:12.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and a diphenadione product as well. 52:12.333 --> 52:14.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25% All those Rodenticides are placed below ground 52:14.766 --> 52:15.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% in the main tunnel. 52:15.766 --> 52:18.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Make sure there's no access to the surface. 52:18.366 --> 52:20.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Read that label carefully. 52:20.066 --> 52:22.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Always treat fresh mounds. 52:22.133 --> 52:24.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% And the same thing occurs when we're talking about trapping, 52:24.533 --> 52:27.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% you're always focusing on the fresh damage. 52:27.300 --> 52:28.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% And if you work hard enough at it, 52:28.700 --> 52:30.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% you will get enough success 52:30.933 --> 52:32.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% to eliminate them from your landscape. 52:32.933 --> 52:35.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Thank you. I'm going to mention that phone number again, 52:35.500 --> 52:39.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% for the program on empowering women in agriculture, 52:39.233 --> 52:42.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% you can Katrin Finch and the number is 52:42.633 --> 52:47.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% (406) 454-6980. 52:47.833 --> 52:49.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75% It starts tomorrow night at six o'clock. 52:49.933 --> 52:51.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% So, the rerun next week, 52:51.866 --> 52:54.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% you'll know that you're already late for registering. 52:54.566 --> 52:55.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So, if you want to register, 52:55.733 --> 52:59.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% you need to do it tomorrow before 6:00 PM. 52:59.033 --> 53:01.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Okay. I have a question here 53:01.800 --> 53:04.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that I find interesting from Belgrade. 53:04.833 --> 53:07.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% This person was cleaning up their flower bed, 53:07.133 --> 53:10.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and found that the tulip bulbs were emerging. 53:10.033 --> 53:12.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% Will they last through the winter? 53:12.466 --> 53:13.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% It's all yours. 53:15.166 --> 53:16.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - It depends on how much they come up. 53:16.866 --> 53:18.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% (group laughing) 53:18.666 --> 53:20.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - I have not observed that. 53:20.000 --> 53:23.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - I haven't either, but it's been a warm fall. 53:23.433 --> 53:24.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - It sure has. 53:24.266 --> 53:26.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Yeah. It's very possible. 53:26.166 --> 53:28.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% One last question for Tim. 53:28.666 --> 53:31.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% This person wants to grow a rye for grain. 53:31.533 --> 53:33.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Does that increase the chance 53:33.033 --> 53:35.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% of them getting feral rye? 53:38.133 --> 53:41.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25% - Yes. You can grow rye for grain. 53:41.400 --> 53:43.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% It is not done very much in Montana. 53:43.633 --> 53:48.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I do know of a couple of organic growers who do grow rye. 53:49.000 --> 53:52.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But, you can end up with some feral rye problems 53:52.466 --> 53:56.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% if you have a lot of volunteer, your fields don't clean up. 53:57.133 --> 53:58.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% It's not quite the same. 53:58.566 --> 54:01.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:48.75% You know, it's really more of a volunteer rye problem. 54:01.833 --> 54:05.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Feral rye can happen, but that was, actually, 54:05.200 --> 54:09.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% the feral rye problems that they have further to our south, 54:09.666 --> 54:12.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% that came from rye that went feral, 54:12.633 --> 54:15.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% so the genetics is a little bit different on that. 54:15.400 --> 54:16.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - All right. Thank you. 54:16.233 --> 54:18.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Now, a lot of Montana wheat growers 54:18.400 --> 54:22.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% have spent their childhood hand-walking wheat fields, 54:22.466 --> 54:23.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% growing that out. 54:23.400 --> 54:25.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% That might not be popular with a- 54:25.433 --> 54:27.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - It might not be so popular and- 54:27.566 --> 54:28.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Some of your neighbors. 54:28.400 --> 54:30.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Yeah. There's some people that, you know, 54:30.466 --> 54:32.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I do know of a couple of organic growers 54:32.166 --> 54:34.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% who are growing rye, but not very many. 54:34.200 --> 54:35.000 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Okay. 54:35.000 --> 54:37.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Does Triticale have the similar issue of becoming 54:37.766 --> 54:39.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% weedy in wheat? 54:39.333 --> 54:40.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - No, not as much as I've seen. 54:40.866 --> 54:44.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% You know, I have seen some sort of volunteer Triticale, 54:44.333 --> 54:46.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% or weedy Triticale in years after, 54:46.466 --> 54:49.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% but it's nowhere the same as, as the feral rye problem. 54:49.766 --> 54:50.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% All right, there. 54:50.633 --> 54:52.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Folks, we're getting down to the end here. 54:52.100 --> 54:55.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I've got one thing I want to ask Stephen real quickly. 54:55.333 --> 54:57.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% This person says that, 54:57.333 --> 55:01.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% "If they use steel wool, that it keeps mice 55:01.033 --> 55:03.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5% out of coming in the house." Is that true? 55:05.166 --> 55:06.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - It would be steel wool, 55:06.266 --> 55:08.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% but I recommend not using steel wool 55:08.166 --> 55:10.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% because it does a rust. 55:10.100 --> 55:12.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So, I would recommend Xcluder fabric, which is spelled, 55:12.866 --> 55:15.466 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% X-C-L-U-D-E-R. 55:15.466 --> 55:17.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So, that's stainless steel shards, 55:17.166 --> 55:19.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% embedded into a plastic mat. 55:19.600 --> 55:21.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - Stephen, I got to cut you off. 55:21.333 --> 55:22.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% We're just out of time here. 55:22.833 --> 55:25.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Next week, Joel Schumacher will be here 55:25.566 --> 55:28.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% talking about labor crunches in agriculture. 55:28.033 --> 55:29.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Folks, thanks for watching. 55:29.466 --> 55:31.700 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% Steve, thanks for being here. Good night. 55:33.800 --> 55:35.733 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - [Narrator] For more information and resources, 55:35.733 --> 55:39.300 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% visit montanapbs.org/aglive. 55:41.733 --> 55:45.400 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% (soft dueling guitar music) 56:10.433 --> 56:12.700 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Montana AG Live is made possible 56:12.700 --> 56:16.266 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% by the Montana Department of Agriculture, 56:17.200 --> 56:20.166 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% the MSU Extension Service, 56:20.166 --> 56:22.266 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% the MSU AG Experiment Stations 56:22.266 --> 56:24.666 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% of the College of Agriculture, 56:24.666 --> 56:27.633 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, 56:27.633 --> 56:29.933 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% the Montana Bankers Association, 56:30.800 --> 56:33.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Cashman Nursery and Landscaping, 56:33.533 --> 56:35.633 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% The Galatin Gardeners Club, 56:35.633 --> 56:39.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25% and the Rocky Mountain Certified Crop Advisor Program. 56:40.600 --> 56:44.366 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% (slow, dueling guitar music)