WEBVTT

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- [Announcer] Funding
for this program

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was provided by the Montana
Bankers Association,

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the Montana Department
of Agriculture,

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the MSU Extension Service,
the MSU Ag Experiment Station,

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and by contributions to Montana
PBS from viewers like you.

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(country guitar music)

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♪ I've got hoppers in my wheat ♪

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♪ And my corn is not too sweet ♪

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♪ Taters lying on the ground ♪

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♪ And my hay is turning brown ♪

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♪ I've planted
and I've watered ♪

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♪ I've got everything
I oughter ♪

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♪ Montana Ag Live
where are you ♪

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♪ Hayden, Jack, and Sue
will tell you what to do ♪

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♪ Other folks from
Ag Extension ♪

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♪ Help to ease the tension ♪

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♪ If your farm is
just a fright ♪

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♪ Tune in on Sunday night ♪

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♪ Montana Ag Live we love you ♪

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- You are turned
to Montana Ag Live

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coming to you from the
studios of KUSM on the campus

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of Montana State University
over the Montana PBS.

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We are delighted to be here.

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That introduction was
by the Ringling Five,

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and I mention that
because one of the sons

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of one of the Ringling
Five just represented

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Montana State University
in the regional track meet

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in Lincoln, Nebraska,
Jack, you been there ever?

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- Been a few years, now.

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- Yeah, Jack is from there.

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And he did well, and I
couldn't be prouder of him.

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I'm glad his father is a better
singer than the boy, though.

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Otherwise we'd be in trouble.

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Okay.

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The standard format here.

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You call in with the
questions and we have a panel

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that will do its very best
to answer those questions,

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and we also have a panel
of telephone operators

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who are waiting with
poised pens and pencils

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to write down every
note you mention

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so that this astute
panel can answer them.

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So let's get to
the introductions.

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- Real quick tonight.

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- Let's get to
the introductions.

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To my immediate left, Bob
Gough, horticulturalist.

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Here's a guy that many
of you haven't seen,

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although he's been
on this program,

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the next guy, the redheaded one,

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that's Will Lanier,
and whenever you send

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those creepy crawlers in to
Montana State University,

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this is the guy that
determines what they are.

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He has libraries full
of books and pictures

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and he looks these
little things up

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and says, "Well, this is a
granddaddy long leg spider"

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or whatever it is he
does say about them.

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And next, a mycologist,
Cathy Cripps.

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Cathy's been here before,
she's a mycologist,

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a biologist, she teaches in the
department of plant science,

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plant pathology,
she does research

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associated with the possibility
of growing mushrooms

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in the state of
Montana as well as

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using fungi and
other valuable tools

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to increase plant
production, for instance.

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And we're gonna come back
to her in just a second

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and she's gonna show
you a few things,

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but I should point out
that those pans are real,

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and they're hot, and Jack
has been stirring the butter

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in those things and we're
gonna look at mushrooms

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and, according to Jack,
have the first ever

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mushroom cooking show
in the state of Montana.

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- Sounds like a plan.

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- And he's the
orchestrator of it.

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And that is Jack Riesselman
who is a plant pathologist

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who will deal with your
pathological questions.

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Pathology questions.

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Martha Mikkelson, Kelly
Hansen, and Cheryl Moore

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will be glad to take
your calls right now.

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Now let's go
immediately to Cathy,

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and she can point out some
of the numerous things

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she has in front
of her, and we know

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what the frying pans
are, so just concentrate

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on the other stuff.

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- Okay, forget the
frying pans, okay.

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Um, well I went out and
picked some wild mushrooms

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just a few days ago.

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Now Jack brought in some of
those from the grocery store,

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but we're gonna cook both.

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I don't know if you
can get a shot of this,

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but the first one I wanna talk
about is the yellow morel.

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And I've got quite
a few examples here

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These are out right now, these
are picked three days ago,

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down in the cottonwoods
along the larger rivers,

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I'm not going to
say exactly where.

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The problem right now
is the river's coming up

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and the yellow morels are
right down there on the banks,

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so it's gonna be a race,
because it just rained

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and more should be coming up.

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The yellow morels, um, let
me just grab one of these

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and hold it up here, have pits,

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maybe we can do a close-up,
pits and ridges on the cap,

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this is a yellow morel
or a blond morel.

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The pits have the spores and
the ridges are light colored

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on this yellow
morel, and the stalk,

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even though it says yellow,

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the stalk's kind of a
whitish cream color.

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Now if you cut one
of these in half,

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I'll get my knife out
here, one of the best ways

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to look and see if
you've got a true morel

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is to see if it has a total
hollow in the center like that.

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And we might have some
insects in there, too.

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That's your department,
that's right.

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But that one hollow
from the top of the cap

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all the way down to the
bottom is a good way

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to tell if you
have a true morel.

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And again, these are
down in the cottonwoods.

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Also I have a black morel.

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I only have one of these,
and the black morel,

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let's see, here's the
yellow and by contrast,

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it looks similar,
maybe it almost looks

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like an older one, still
has pits and ridges,

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but notice that those
ridges are black.

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As it gets older,
they turn black.

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Cut it in half, it's
still all one big hollow.

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Now we've had some problems
with one of the false morels

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in Montana, so I wanted to
bring a few of these in.

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And these are gyromitras,

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this is the snowbank
false morel.

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And you might think well
gee, this one doesn't look

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anything like a morel,
it's reddish brown,

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kind of wrinkled,
this one may look

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a little bit more like a morel.

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These are poisonous,
these are toxic.

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So you've got reddish brown and

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instead of pits and
wrinkles, you've got,

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or instead of pits and
ridges, you have wrinkles.

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I call it the brain, kind
of looks like a brain

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or maybe a walnut mushroom,
something like that.

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So reddish and wrinkles,
reddish you're deadish,

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they actually wouldn't kill you,

07:31.866 --> 07:36.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
but these have a rocket
fuel, monomethylhydrazine,

07:36.133 --> 07:39.166 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:52.5%
or at least the ones related
to it have monomethylhydrazine.

07:39.166 --> 07:41.833 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
We don't want to
mix those up, do we?

07:41.833 --> 07:44.266 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38%
No, be careful there.

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So, um--

07:45.100 --> 07:47.266 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- [Bob] Kathy, those
are not hollow?

07:47.266 --> 07:49.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- These are not hollow,
and what these have

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is kind of a convoluted
chamber inside,

07:55.400 --> 07:57.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
and if you can get
a picture of that

07:57.000 --> 07:59.166 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
so you don't see
that one big hollow.

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Now some of the young ones
might look a little bit hollow,

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but I think you can
tell the difference

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in those wrinkles, if
you think brain or walnut

08:08.300 --> 08:10.466 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
and reddish you're
deadish just to,

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for something to keep in mind.

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Oops there's some little
things crawling around in here,

08:16.200 --> 08:17.633 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
that's your department.

08:17.633 --> 08:18.966 align:start position:46.25% line:84.67% size:7.5%
Yep.

08:18.966 --> 08:20.800 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
So you wanna watch
out for these,

08:20.800 --> 08:23.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and some of the mushroom
poisonings in Montana,

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Denver poison
center keeps track,

08:25.766 --> 08:28.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and this is one that
seems to be causing

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some kind of problem,
so I just wanted

08:31.366 --> 08:32.833 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
to bring it out and show you.

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And, uh, well, one more
edible, should I do this one?

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All right.

08:39.100 --> 08:39.933 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
- Let's take a look at this one,

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you see a lot of them
around the state.

08:41.700 --> 08:43.200 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:13.13%
- Okay.

08:43.200 --> 08:46.633 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
Well we've got two here,
this is an oyster mushroom,

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and this was picked also
down under the cottonwoods,

08:51.066 --> 08:53.033 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
and you can see
that it's on wood.

08:54.000 --> 08:57.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
It usually doesn't have
quite that long a stem,

08:57.000 --> 08:58.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
the stem's usually
a little bit shorter

08:58.966 --> 09:00.766 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
and kind of ridges
all the way up under

09:00.766 --> 09:03.466 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
and it's called an oyster
mushroom, it sits like this,

09:03.466 --> 09:05.633 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
and these look like
little oyster shells,

09:06.533 --> 09:09.300 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
kind of a brownish
grayish color cap.

09:10.466 --> 09:12.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
These are out in the
wild for the picking

09:12.600 --> 09:14.533 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
on aspen and cottonwood.

09:14.533 --> 09:17.800 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
Now Jack's brought in the
cultivated variety here.

09:17.800 --> 09:22.466 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
It's a little bit wimpier,
but just as tasty,

09:22.466 --> 09:24.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
and you can buy these
in the grocery store.

09:25.666 --> 09:28.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
Same species, well,
actually that's probably

09:28.566 --> 09:31.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
a little bit different
species than this one.

09:31.166 --> 09:33.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
So we have two species of those.

09:33.133 --> 09:34.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- And these probably
taste better

09:34.766 --> 09:36.000 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
than the standard mushrooms

09:36.000 --> 09:38.333 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
that we get from
the grocery store.

09:38.333 --> 09:39.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
But we're gonna check
them out tonight

09:39.766 --> 09:43.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
and see, with Bob's
exquisite taste buds,

09:43.366 --> 09:45.933 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
which ones taste the best.

09:45.933 --> 09:47.300 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
- [Cathy] Well they'll
taste different.

09:47.300 --> 09:50.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
I don't know if you can
say this will be better,

09:50.000 --> 09:52.800 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
these portabello mushrooms
are awfully good.

09:52.800 --> 09:55.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
- You see how politically
correct Cathy is?

09:55.900 --> 09:58.133 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
- [Cathy] That's right.

09:58.133 --> 10:01.366 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
- I wanna ask her though,
which are the mushrooms

10:01.366 --> 10:05.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
that caused such a furor
in the forest areas

10:05.266 --> 10:08.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
of Oregon and Washington
at this time of the year

10:08.166 --> 10:11.766 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
that have people chasing
and shooting at each other?

10:11.766 --> 10:14.033 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
- Well, that's the morels.

10:14.033 --> 10:14.866 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88%
- [Hayden] Is it?

10:14.866 --> 10:16.000 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
- Well, they have some later on

10:16.000 --> 10:18.266 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
which would be the chanterelles.

10:18.266 --> 10:20.233 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
And that'll be in the fall.

10:20.233 --> 10:22.466 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
And the fall is actually when,

10:22.466 --> 10:23.966 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
probably when the guns come out

10:23.966 --> 10:25.600 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:26.25%
and people are
shooting at each other.

10:25.600 --> 10:29.433 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
They have a huge
chanterelle crop,

10:29.433 --> 10:32.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
and the chanterelles are
picked by commercial pickers,

10:32.766 --> 10:35.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
so a lot of people come
in, pick, and sell them

10:35.233 --> 10:36.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
to those commercial people.

10:36.866 --> 10:38.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
And so it's worth
a lot of money.

10:38.933 --> 10:42.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
- Now, I don't know when
Jack is gonna start cooking,

10:42.866 --> 10:46.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
he's busy cutting now,
we're gonna move on

10:46.233 --> 10:49.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and we'll come back,
of course, to Cathy

10:49.233 --> 10:52.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
for a bunch of questions
that you may well have.

10:52.500 --> 10:56.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Right now, we'll move to
Jack and ask him a question.

10:56.400 --> 10:59.100 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
And this one is from Joplin.

10:59.100 --> 11:02.200 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
And they have patches
in their spring wheat,

11:02.200 --> 11:04.600 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
it's up to the two leaf stage,

11:04.600 --> 11:06.633 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
that are turning
yellow and dying,

11:06.633 --> 11:09.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and some of these leaves
have, are sterated,

11:09.966 --> 11:13.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
like they're yellow and
green and yellow and green,

11:13.233 --> 11:15.300 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
serrated, not sterated.

11:16.400 --> 11:20.933 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
The seed was created
with Raxmull Extra.

11:20.933 --> 11:22.866 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
They had very cold weather.

11:22.866 --> 11:24.800 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
- [Jack] You got it right there.

11:24.800 --> 11:25.666 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
- [Hayden] Give it a shot.

11:25.666 --> 11:26.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- What you're seeing
is frost damage.

11:26.533 --> 11:30.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
Joplin area probably got down
to around 20, 21, 22 degrees

11:30.266 --> 11:31.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
a little over a week ago.

11:31.900 --> 11:34.333 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
It's since warmed up,
when that happens,

11:34.333 --> 11:37.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
you will get some yellow
banding or white banding

11:37.133 --> 11:40.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
on barley, on spring
wheat, and bottom line is,

11:40.766 --> 11:41.900 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
it should come right out of it.

11:41.900 --> 11:44.166 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
The new leaves that
come out will be fine

11:44.166 --> 11:47.266 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13%
and I would not be particularly
worried about it, Hayden.

11:47.266 --> 11:50.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
- They wondered if
this wheatening could

11:50.800 --> 11:55.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
a fungal or some other
kind of an infection, Jack.

11:55.333 --> 11:56.333 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
- Uh, that's a good question.

11:56.333 --> 11:59.066 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Any time you stress a plant,
Hayden, I think anyone knows

11:59.066 --> 12:00.966 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
that you increase the
likelihood of having

12:00.966 --> 12:03.966 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
some fungal activity,
pathogenic activity.

12:03.966 --> 12:06.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
But in reality, it's
early enough in the season

12:06.133 --> 12:07.866 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
that the canopy
isn't that heavy.

12:07.866 --> 12:09.600 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
With the last few
days of warm weather,

12:09.600 --> 12:11.300 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
a few showers too,
I don't think it's

12:11.300 --> 12:14.833 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
gonna predispose it to any
particular disease problem.

12:14.833 --> 12:16.300 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75%
- Okay, good deal.

12:16.300 --> 12:21.300 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Let's jump right now to Bob,
and we have two questions,

12:21.333 --> 12:24.533 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
one an email, one
sent in last week

12:24.533 --> 12:28.200 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
from different places,
though, and they're interested

12:28.200 --> 12:31.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
in growing relatively
tall grass,

12:31.466 --> 12:36.366 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
especially in shade areas,
and they want it to stand up.

12:36.366 --> 12:40.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
In other words, under the
trees, what kind of grasses

12:40.000 --> 12:45.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
am I going to be able to
grow in, say 85% shade,

12:46.566 --> 12:51.333 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
or directly under the pine
tree, the spruce, or whatever.

12:51.333 --> 12:52.433 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38%
- [Bob] None.

12:52.433 --> 12:54.766 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
- [Hayden] That's my opinion
too, but expand on it.

12:54.766 --> 12:57.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- There's not, that's why
there's no grass growing

12:57.300 --> 13:00.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
under pine trees, it's
too shady, it's too dry,

13:00.333 --> 13:03.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
the pine needles
form a natural mulch,

13:03.766 --> 13:05.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and you're not going
to have any luck

13:05.133 --> 13:08.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
growing any grass
under pine trees.

13:08.000 --> 13:08.833 align:start position:44.38% line:84.67% size:11.25%
Sorry.

13:08.833 --> 13:09.800 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
- [Cathy] Maybe mushrooms.

13:09.800 --> 13:11.833 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63%
- Mushrooms, maybe.

13:11.833 --> 13:16.266 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
- These people said if you
want a grass that stands up

13:16.266 --> 13:21.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
in the shade if it's not
too intensive a shade,

13:21.533 --> 13:25.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:33.75%
bunch grass is the
best bet, but they said

13:25.100 --> 13:27.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
they'd prefer not
to grow bunch grass.

13:27.400 --> 13:31.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- Well, fescues, if you
wanna try some grass,

13:31.433 --> 13:34.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
some of your fine fescues
are clumpy type grasses,

13:34.600 --> 13:36.500 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
but you don't want those.

13:36.500 --> 13:38.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
They would be about
your best bet,

13:38.133 --> 13:41.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
but they won't do that
well under pine trees.

13:41.033 --> 13:42.100 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75%
Too heavy a shade.

13:43.500 --> 13:48.500 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
- And as you move out, the
grass is gonna be elongated

13:49.333 --> 13:50.700 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
in the shade, it's that simple.

13:50.700 --> 13:51.533 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88%
- [Bob] Oh, sure.

13:52.566 --> 13:56.633 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
- Okay, and we really don't
have an answer to your question,

13:56.633 --> 13:57.466 align:start position:40.62% line:79.33% size:16.88%
truth is.
- [Bob] We did.

13:57.466 --> 13:59.500 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
- We did answer it, but not.

14:02.066 --> 14:03.566 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25%
From Alberton.

14:04.766 --> 14:08.266 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
Will, this, they have
20 acres of forest land,

14:08.266 --> 14:10.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
they have lodgepole pine
that are losing their bark

14:10.900 --> 14:12.866 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and the needles are turning red.

14:12.866 --> 14:15.833 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
They haven't seen
insects, but they think

14:15.833 --> 14:17.333 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63%
that's the culprit.

14:17.333 --> 14:19.600 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
You've got a guess on that?

14:19.600 --> 14:23.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- Yes, a common, a common
problem, pine trees.

14:23.900 --> 14:25.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
I think the thing to remember,

14:27.566 --> 14:30.566 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
if you stress a tree, you
might, you allow things

14:30.566 --> 14:34.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
to eat into it, and borers
are maybe the main pest

14:34.700 --> 14:37.300 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
that accomplishes that.

14:37.300 --> 14:39.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Without an ID or without
seeing some needles,

14:39.866 --> 14:41.466 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
I might not be too accurate,

14:41.466 --> 14:43.166 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
but if they think
they're borers,

14:43.166 --> 14:45.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
there may not be a lot
they can do about them.

14:46.400 --> 14:50.733 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
Once the tree is stressed,
it can't ooze a lot of sap

14:50.733 --> 14:53.433 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
against the borer
chewing into the tree.

14:53.433 --> 14:56.266 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
So the borer has an easier
time swimming upstream

14:56.266 --> 14:59.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
into the tree, and once
it gets under the bark

14:59.233 --> 15:02.000 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
into the structural
wood or dead wood,

15:02.000 --> 15:04.766 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
you can't really circulate
anything in there.

15:04.766 --> 15:07.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
You might not want to on
20 acres of forest land,

15:07.200 --> 15:09.266 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
either, it's prohibited.

15:09.266 --> 15:12.900 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
So it's part of, trees
don't last forever,

15:12.900 --> 15:16.133 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
and it's a natural cycle.

15:16.133 --> 15:17.533 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
- I wanted to ask
Jack about this,

15:17.533 --> 15:22.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
because a lot of pine
trees, you see an area

15:22.500 --> 15:24.900 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
along a mountainside that is,

15:24.900 --> 15:27.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
you think that might
be disease or insect

15:27.800 --> 15:30.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
and it's very often
temperature fluctuation.

15:30.766 --> 15:31.600 align:start position:44.38% line:84.67% size:9.38%
Jack.

15:31.600 --> 15:34.066 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
- Yeah, you see
that very commonly.

15:34.066 --> 15:36.400 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
There's a term for it, it's
called red band I think,

15:36.400 --> 15:38.233 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
isn't it, Bob, you've heard it.

15:38.233 --> 15:39.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
The other thing you
often see, Hayden,

15:39.400 --> 15:41.500 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
is a lot of times as you're
driving down a highway

15:41.500 --> 15:45.033 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
is you'll see that where the
snow layer up against the tree

15:45.033 --> 15:48.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
has been there and then
you get some of the needles

15:48.600 --> 15:51.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
on the lower portion protected,
then you get a band in there

15:51.500 --> 15:54.266 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
which I think is ozone or
some type of pollution damage.

15:54.266 --> 15:57.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
See that very commonly
along 191 on Gallatin River.

15:57.833 --> 15:59.300 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75%
- Oh yeah.

15:59.300 --> 16:03.100 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
And nitrate and ozone from cars

16:03.100 --> 16:06.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
certainly do, especially
in the east coast,

16:06.833 --> 16:11.833 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
cause serious problem, sulfur
nitrate on the mountaintops

16:12.266 --> 16:15.133 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
of the pine type
trees, so you can.

16:16.200 --> 16:21.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
And Cathy is busy sorting
out the little bugs

16:22.433 --> 16:23.266 align:start position:38.75% line:84.67% size:20.63%
out of her.

16:26.633 --> 16:28.066 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
- We have some extra protein.

16:28.066 --> 16:30.533 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
- But we got a
call from Missoula

16:30.533 --> 16:33.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and they just bought
a mushroom kit.

16:33.600 --> 16:34.800 align:start position:46.25% line:84.67% size:7.5%
And,

16:38.300 --> 16:40.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
over the, I think it
says over the internet,

16:40.566 --> 16:42.333 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
but it doesn't matter
where they got it.

16:42.333 --> 16:47.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
They want to know the
fertilizer, the watering,

16:47.100 --> 16:50.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
I mean how do I get
into mushroom business,

16:50.066 --> 16:53.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
and that's part of
your research, so

16:53.000 --> 16:54.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- Dive right in.

16:54.266 --> 16:56.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Well, those mushroom
kits are actually

16:56.633 --> 16:59.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
a good way to start, and I'm
doing some of my research

16:59.733 --> 17:03.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
with Garden City Fungi,
which is outside of Missoula,

17:03.933 --> 17:07.433 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
and they sell some really
excellent mushroom kits

17:07.433 --> 17:09.666 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
for growing oyster mushroom
and shiitake mushrooms.

17:11.766 --> 17:13.166 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
They would probably look similar

17:13.166 --> 17:15.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
to those small oyster
mushrooms Jack had,

17:15.633 --> 17:19.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
and here's a shiitake
mushroom with a tough stem.

17:19.633 --> 17:23.500 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
And how these kits
come is boxed up,

17:23.500 --> 17:28.500 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
you get, well, you have a
box of a block of sawdust,

17:28.966 --> 17:31.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
and you take that block
out and now you want

17:31.400 --> 17:33.700 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
to put it into a humid place.

17:33.700 --> 17:36.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
And humidity's kind of
hard to find in Montana,

17:36.533 --> 17:38.366 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63%
so it comes with a,

17:39.866 --> 17:42.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
there goes the wine into
the mushrooms, uh-oh.

17:43.900 --> 17:46.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
There's humidity and
steam right there, on cue.

17:46.966 --> 17:50.900 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
So if you put a, there
we go, a plastic bag

17:50.900 --> 17:54.766 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
over that block and spray
that block every day,

17:54.766 --> 17:56.433 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
mushrooms should come out.

17:56.433 --> 17:58.866 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
I think getting one of
those kits is a good way

17:58.866 --> 18:01.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
to start and decide if
you wanna grow mushrooms,

18:01.000 --> 18:04.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
because there you can
learn all the things

18:04.033 --> 18:07.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
that can go wrong, I mean
you learn if it dries out,

18:07.900 --> 18:09.300 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
I need humidity.

18:09.300 --> 18:12.866 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
You might have some other
molds come in on there

18:12.866 --> 18:14.266 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25%
that can be a problem.

18:14.266 --> 18:17.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
But if you like doing
it, then there are ways

18:17.100 --> 18:21.733 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
you can learn to pasteurize
straw to grow oyster mushrooms,

18:21.733 --> 18:22.866 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25%
or wood chips.

18:22.866 --> 18:27.866 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
- Do you have a, do you have
one of the extension guides

18:28.166 --> 18:31.433 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
that you put out for the
media to grow the mushrooms

18:31.433 --> 18:33.833 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
and the watering
system and all that.

18:33.833 --> 18:36.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
- You know, we don't, we
haven't done that yet.

18:36.900 --> 18:39.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
There are a lot of, we could
do something like that,

18:39.600 --> 18:41.500 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
there are a lot
of internet sites

18:41.500 --> 18:44.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
that talk about growing
mushrooms, and they, there's,

18:44.566 --> 18:46.466 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
they actually will
sell some little books,

18:46.466 --> 18:47.700 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
there's a five dollar book,

18:47.700 --> 18:50.000 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
Is Shiitake Growing
Mushrooms for Me,

18:50.000 --> 18:53.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
so I start people out
with a book like that

18:53.166 --> 18:57.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and then also on the
internet, you could start

18:57.100 --> 19:01.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
with Garden City
Fungi's site and, um,

19:01.000 --> 19:03.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
get directions there
just to get started.

19:03.400 --> 19:05.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
It's pretty easy for some
of the oyster mushrooms

19:05.700 --> 19:08.533 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
if you're just going to do
it just to have a few bags.

19:08.533 --> 19:12.300 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
You need straw and
you need a starter.

19:12.300 --> 19:17.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
- Jack, here's a
question from Missoula,

19:17.000 --> 19:19.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
they wanna know if
lilacs get blight.

19:21.166 --> 19:23.100 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5%
- Lilacs get blight.

19:23.100 --> 19:25.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
There is a blight and it's
very common in Missoula,

19:25.900 --> 19:27.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
it's a bacteria blight.

19:27.733 --> 19:29.133 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63%
It's called
Pseudomonas syringae,

19:29.133 --> 19:30.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
that's the name of the bacteria.

19:32.066 --> 19:33.800 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
You don't see much
of it as you move

19:33.800 --> 19:35.066 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
toward the eastern
part of the state,

19:35.066 --> 19:36.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
but you get over in that
more humid environment

19:36.833 --> 19:39.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
around Missoula,
Kalispell area, Polson,

19:39.933 --> 19:43.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
you can get a fair amount
of bacterial blight.

19:43.000 --> 19:45.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
The thing you have to be
cautious about on lilacs

19:45.566 --> 19:48.266 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
is they're also sensitive
to frost damage.

19:48.266 --> 19:49.766 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
And you'll get a
lot of blackening

19:49.766 --> 19:51.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
that's associated
with the temperatures

19:51.400 --> 19:54.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
that we had last week,
that's not bacterial blight,

19:54.100 --> 19:56.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
as far as control, we
don't have anything

19:56.233 --> 19:57.600 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63%
that's really good.

19:57.600 --> 20:01.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- Will this same blight
bother an apple tree?

20:02.600 --> 20:04.400 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
- We got a different blight.

20:04.400 --> 20:06.666 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
We have fire blight
on apple trees

20:06.666 --> 20:08.766 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
and that's much
more serious, yeah.

20:08.766 --> 20:13.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- On this, Jack mentioned
the cold damage on the lilac,

20:13.000 --> 20:14.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
yeah I've got that on mine.

20:14.366 --> 20:17.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
I had 19 degrees last week.

20:17.133 --> 20:20.966 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
- We are simply gonna
have about five blossoms

20:20.966 --> 20:25.900 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
on our two big lilac trees,
it's been not that good a year

20:25.900 --> 20:29.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
for lilacs and apples,
too in Gallatin.

20:29.233 --> 20:31.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- What that is, in case
any of you out there

20:31.366 --> 20:33.800 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:26.25%
notice the new
growth on your lilac,

20:33.800 --> 20:36.133 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
maybe a couple of
inches of new growth

20:36.133 --> 20:39.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
has just turned black,
the leaves are just black.

20:39.566 --> 20:43.200 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
I suspect everything'll, it'll
grow out of it after a while.

20:44.733 --> 20:49.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
- Here's a question that
I'm gonna take a whack at it

20:49.100 --> 20:52.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
from Livingston, they
installed an irrigation system,

20:52.533 --> 20:56.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
and found out that
the salinity level

20:56.100 --> 21:00.033 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
in the water they're pumping
is 12,000 parts per million,

21:00.033 --> 21:02.033 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
they want to know
how this will affect

21:02.033 --> 21:04.633 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25%
grass and ornamentals.

21:04.633 --> 21:08.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
12,000 parts per million
is gonna translate

21:08.100 --> 21:11.033 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
into an electrical
conductivity of some place

21:11.033 --> 21:12.866 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75%
between 10 and 20.

21:12.866 --> 21:17.333 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
There are almost no
plants that'll grow well

21:17.333 --> 21:21.933 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
in a system with an electrical
conductivity as high as 10,

21:21.933 --> 21:24.500 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
and in 20 they're
in real trouble.

21:24.500 --> 21:26.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
- [Bob] Well, date
palms will, won't they?

21:26.133 --> 21:27.466 align:start position:38.75% line:84.67% size:20.63%
- They may.

21:27.466 --> 21:31.333 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
And you have got a problem.

21:31.333 --> 21:35.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
And not only is the
electrical conductivity bad,

21:35.233 --> 21:38.900 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
you haven't said what
the balance of cations is

21:38.900 --> 21:42.033 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
in that thing, and
you better get help

21:42.033 --> 21:45.033 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
before you start putting
that on any kind of a plant

21:45.033 --> 21:48.166 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
you wanna grow, because it
isn't gonna grow very long.

21:48.166 --> 21:50.066 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
It's pretty much that simple.

21:52.033 --> 21:55.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
Okay, the roots of
their large pine tree

21:55.366 --> 21:58.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
are on top of the soil and
you can't mow over them,

21:58.133 --> 22:00.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
you can't walk on them,
can they chop some of them

22:00.633 --> 22:02.933 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
out of there without
killing the tree?

22:02.933 --> 22:05.000 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
They fertilized the
tree with spikes

22:05.000 --> 22:07.833 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
and they wanna know
if that increased it.

22:07.833 --> 22:09.433 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
- You mean fertilizer spikes?

22:09.433 --> 22:10.766 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38%
- [Hayden] Yes, not--

22:10.766 --> 22:12.533 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25%
- Not 40 penny spikes.

22:12.533 --> 22:15.266 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
- Well they may have been,
might be an iron deficiency.

22:16.233 --> 22:21.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60%
- No, the, aw, that'll certainly
galvanize this program.

22:22.900 --> 22:25.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
The surface roots
are a common problem,

22:25.400 --> 22:27.733 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
not only on pine but
particularly on maple.

22:28.866 --> 22:33.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
Quite often, they're due to
either heavy compacted soil

22:33.433 --> 22:36.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
or high water tables or
for some other reason,

22:36.333 --> 22:38.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
the roots can't go down,
they have to stay up

22:38.900 --> 22:41.133 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
to get sufficient oxygen.

22:41.133 --> 22:43.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
You can't go in and
cut out major roots

22:43.233 --> 22:45.766 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
because you'll have major
damage to your tree.

22:45.766 --> 22:49.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
The branches that are fed
from those particular roots

22:49.000 --> 22:51.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
that you cut out
are gonna die back,

22:51.000 --> 22:53.200 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
so you'll have a
funny looking tree.

22:53.200 --> 22:54.766 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
You need to live with them.

22:54.766 --> 22:57.400 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
Now you can back
fill very slightly

22:57.400 --> 23:00.666 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
with extremely
well-aerated soil,

23:00.666 --> 23:04.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
coarse gravel or something,
over the top of those roots

23:04.466 --> 23:07.033 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
or in between those roots.

23:07.033 --> 23:09.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
But certainly don't
go in there and put on

23:09.800 --> 23:13.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
a foot of topsoil, that'll
smother everything out.

23:13.000 --> 23:15.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
So there's not much you
can do about surface roots.

23:15.266 --> 23:16.433 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:15%
- Right.

23:16.433 --> 23:18.100 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
And all of them will do it.

23:21.200 --> 23:26.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
Will, what causes it says
buris, in pine trees.

23:29.433 --> 23:31.866 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
Is there more than one cause?

23:31.866 --> 23:32.733 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75%
What is that word?

23:32.733 --> 23:34.333 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63%
I think it's burls.

23:34.333 --> 23:35.766 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
And that's what I, yeah, burls.

23:37.133 --> 23:39.100 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- Well I'm thinking
that's a gall,

23:39.100 --> 23:42.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88%
and at some point
in that tree's life,

23:42.266 --> 23:45.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
an insect began nibbling
on the growing point,

23:45.933 --> 23:50.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
and caused scar tissue,
and you result in the burl.

23:52.766 --> 23:55.466 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
Like a wart or a
freckle on a human,

23:56.466 --> 23:57.933 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
aesthetic damage, mostly.

23:58.933 --> 24:03.400 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
- That's, there were a jillion
of those in Yellowstone Park

24:03.400 --> 24:07.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
one time, because if you
look at the decorations

24:07.400 --> 24:11.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
on the big lodges, that's
what they are made of,

24:11.133 --> 24:14.933 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
those huge, and those are
created by some insect.

24:14.933 --> 24:18.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
- At some point, the tree's
stage and the insect's stage

24:18.433 --> 24:22.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
and weather cooperated so
those galls became numerous.

24:22.900 --> 24:26.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- Okay, Cathy, we're
getting all kinds

24:26.500 --> 24:30.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
of mushroom questions here
so let's take a shot at one.

24:30.133 --> 24:31.866 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38%
What kind of mushroom

24:38.466 --> 24:43.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
would there be oyster in
association with cottonwoods

24:43.533 --> 24:46.033 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
along the riverbed,
oyster mushroom.

24:46.033 --> 24:47.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- Oyster mushrooms?

24:47.633 --> 24:50.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
Well the oyster mushrooms
are on cottonwoods,

24:50.300 --> 24:53.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
is that kind of the
question or is it, yeah.

24:53.033 --> 24:55.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- It says what kinds of
mushrooms can be found

24:55.666 --> 25:00.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
in Montana where it is dry,
and this is from Hill County.

25:00.833 --> 25:05.166 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
Well Hill County has
streams with cottonwoods

25:05.166 --> 25:08.033 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
growing along.
- Cottonwoods, oh, okay, yeah.

25:08.033 --> 25:11.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
Well, if you're stuck
with just cottonwoods

25:11.433 --> 25:14.666 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
down along the streams and
that's the only wet area,

25:14.666 --> 25:16.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
then you wanna be
out there right now

25:16.966 --> 25:20.300 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
looking for the yellow morels
which we just talked about,

25:20.300 --> 25:23.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and they'll be under the
cottonwoods on the stream banks,

25:23.166 --> 25:25.766 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
and the oyster
mushrooms, and this is

25:26.600 --> 25:30.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
Pleurotus pulmonarius,
is on the cottonwoods.

25:30.533 --> 25:32.633 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
So this is the
cottonwood oyster,

25:32.633 --> 25:34.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
so these are the two
mushrooms that'll be

25:34.500 --> 25:36.900 align:start position:38.75% line:79.33% size:20.63%
along those
cottonwoods right now.

25:37.733 --> 25:40.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
I don't know what other
habitats are over there,

25:40.300 --> 25:43.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
but if it's cottonwoods,
it's these right now.

25:43.833 --> 25:45.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
- I'm not, if you head up
Duck Crick in Hill County,

25:48.266 --> 25:53.300 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
is it Goose Crick or
Duck Crick in Hill County

25:53.300 --> 25:55.066 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
up toward the top
of the mountains,

25:55.066 --> 25:57.433 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
you're apt to find cottonwoods

25:58.600 --> 26:01.066 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
and in a moist
environment they'll do it.

26:01.066 --> 26:04.200 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
But let's not let you
get away with that.

26:04.200 --> 26:07.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
They wanna know if there
are mushrooms in Montana

26:07.000 --> 26:09.000 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
that are harmful to cattle,

26:09.000 --> 26:11.666 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
especially would
they cause a fever?

26:12.500 --> 26:17.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
- Hmm, I'd have to
say for mushrooms,

26:17.400 --> 26:21.300 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
we usually don't get
poison reports for cattle.

26:21.300 --> 26:25.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
We do get some poisoning
reports for cats and dogs

26:25.966 --> 26:29.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
eating mushrooms
and being poisoned.

26:29.066 --> 26:33.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Cattle, not mushrooms so
much as mold in the hay

26:33.633 --> 26:36.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
or moldy hay where there
might be some problems,

26:36.266 --> 26:38.166 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25%
but not the mushrooms.

26:38.166 --> 26:42.266 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
There are also some reports
of elk eating mushrooms

26:42.266 --> 26:44.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
early in the spring and
I'd really like to know

26:44.200 --> 26:45.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
what these are, they're
big white mushrooms,

26:45.966 --> 26:48.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
and apparently they make
the elk a little bit loopy,

26:48.600 --> 26:50.700 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
and they kind of jump around.

26:50.700 --> 26:53.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- I'm gonna see if they
don't grow in the fall.

26:53.500 --> 26:58.500 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
I need loopy elk
in hunting season.

26:59.066 --> 27:02.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
Well talk about that,
because one that grows

27:02.100 --> 27:04.200 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
in the mountains
that I'm not sure,

27:04.200 --> 27:08.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
it's certainly a fungi,
is the large puffball

27:08.566 --> 27:10.566 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
that is, grows
all over the hill.

27:10.566 --> 27:12.000 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
- Oh yeah, yeah.

27:12.000 --> 27:13.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
- [Hayden] Do animals
eat that thing?

27:13.066 --> 27:15.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- Well, some of the
smaller animals,

27:15.400 --> 27:18.066 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
I would see small
teeth marks on those.

27:18.066 --> 27:19.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
I don't know about some
of the larger ones,

27:19.666 --> 27:24.400 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
but the large puffballs can
get up to a foot across,

27:24.400 --> 27:26.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
sometimes you can road
hunt them as you're

27:26.533 --> 27:28.933 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
driving down the road, they
look like big white rocks,

27:28.933 --> 27:31.000 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
you have to be able
to differentiate

27:31.000 --> 27:32.866 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
between rocks and
large white puffballs,

27:32.866 --> 27:35.233 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
but yes, those are
good edible mushrooms,

27:35.233 --> 27:39.266 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
those are western puffballs,
you can slice those,

27:39.266 --> 27:41.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
you cut those in half,
if there is no yellow

27:41.700 --> 27:44.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
on the inside then it's
still edible and good.

27:44.533 --> 27:47.766 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
If it starts to turn yellow,
you get an off flavor,

27:47.766 --> 27:49.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
it doesn't taste good,
and eventually it becomes

27:49.900 --> 27:53.033 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:52.5%
a big sac of spores and then
it's not good to eat anymore.

27:53.033 --> 27:55.300 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- Yeah when it turns
brown and puffy

27:55.300 --> 27:57.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
you don't want to be
eating a lot of it.

27:58.833 --> 28:00.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- Hayden we're gonna
do a taste test

28:00.133 --> 28:00.966 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
with these mushrooms now.

28:00.966 --> 28:02.800 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
- [Hayden] Are we ready now?

28:02.800 --> 28:03.700 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
- [Cathy] Are you ready?

28:03.700 --> 28:06.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
- We're gonna try to see
if, which one of these,

28:06.533 --> 28:07.600 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75%
that's yours, Bob.

28:07.600 --> 28:08.866 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
- [Bob] Oh that's mine.

28:08.866 --> 28:11.266 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- [Hayden] I'm busy
sorting through all these

28:11.266 --> 28:12.900 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63%
mushroom questions.

28:12.900 --> 28:15.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- [Jack] Wait a minute,
now I think that one is.

28:15.966 --> 28:16.800 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:16.88%
Whatever.

28:16.800 --> 28:18.033 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
- [Cathy] What's the difference?

28:18.033 --> 28:21.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
- [Hayden] The poison
one belongs to Bob.

28:26.100 --> 28:27.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
- [Bob] Which one do you
want us to taste first?

28:27.833 --> 28:29.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- [Jack] Here Bob, I
think that's yours.

28:29.366 --> 28:33.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
- While you're Handing these
out, we have a question.

28:33.433 --> 28:35.700 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
From Conrad and
they want to know

28:37.166 --> 28:41.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
can I use tilt, and I
don't know what tilt is,

28:41.033 --> 28:42.966 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13%
on malt barley?

28:42.966 --> 28:47.966 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
That's either a fungicide
or a weedicide I'd think.

28:48.166 --> 28:50.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
- Yeah Hayden, there's
been a lot of questions

28:50.233 --> 28:52.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:26.25%
because of the
moisture this year.

28:52.833 --> 28:53.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
- [Bob] Hurry up, Jack.

28:53.700 --> 28:54.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- I am, well, okay.

28:55.766 --> 28:57.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
Yeah you can, you can use tilt,

28:57.400 --> 28:59.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
you need to go with the
full four ounce rate,

28:59.200 --> 29:00.433 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
don't go with the two ounce rate

29:00.433 --> 29:02.000 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
that a lot of people
are asking about,

29:02.000 --> 29:04.666 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
and now we're gonna
try the mushrooms.

29:04.666 --> 29:07.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
There's shiitake,
there's portabello,

29:07.933 --> 29:10.133 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
and cremini, is that right?

29:10.133 --> 29:10.966 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
- [Cathy] Right.

29:10.966 --> 29:13.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
- And just a regular old
white button mushroom.

29:13.366 --> 29:14.566 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
- [Hayden] Which one is which?

29:14.566 --> 29:16.000 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
- [Cathy] Which one is which?

29:16.000 --> 29:17.133 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
- [Will] This is the morel?

29:17.133 --> 29:20.400 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
- No I'm gonna do the morels
later, but I'm hungry.

29:20.400 --> 29:21.533 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
- [Will] You're hungry.

29:21.533 --> 29:23.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
- [Cathy] So this little
one must be the oyster.

29:23.466 --> 29:24.300 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
- Those are the
oyster mushrooms,

29:24.300 --> 29:27.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
they're small slices,
and they have.

29:27.833 --> 29:29.200 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75%
- I feel terrible.

29:31.933 --> 29:34.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
Here's a question from
somebody from Helena

29:34.700 --> 29:37.400 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
and we're eating mushrooms
while they're wondering

29:37.400 --> 29:40.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
what is the alternative
to Kentucky bluegrass.

29:40.700 --> 29:41.633 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63%
- [Bob] I'm eating.

29:42.933 --> 29:45.566 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
- Is a fescue one of them,
what are some alternatives?

29:45.566 --> 29:48.400 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
- Alternative to Kentucky
bluegrass in your lawn.

29:49.966 --> 29:51.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
Usually the Kentucky
bluegrass is mixed

29:51.966 --> 29:54.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
with a fine fescue, you could
plant straight fine fescue,

29:54.833 --> 29:58.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
although it tends to get a
little clumpy after a while.

29:58.233 --> 30:02.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:41.25%
I'm not sure what sort
of conditions you have,

30:02.200 --> 30:03.433 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
what you're asking for.

30:03.433 --> 30:06.466 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
I'll assume you want
a lower maintenance,

30:06.466 --> 30:11.466 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
less water requiring grass.

30:12.000 --> 30:15.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
Fairway crested wheat
grass is one that will

30:15.500 --> 30:17.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
work quite well for you,
it won't make a lawn

30:17.666 --> 30:20.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
like Kentucky bluegrass,
but it'll need less watering

30:20.433 --> 30:21.666 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
than Kentucky bluegrass.

30:23.433 --> 30:26.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
- All right, I've got
to say that I move

30:26.033 --> 30:28.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
that we bring Cathy
back every week.

30:29.966 --> 30:31.766 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
These mushrooms are delicious.

30:31.766 --> 30:33.533 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
- Well, Jack did the cooking.

30:33.533 --> 30:36.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
- In the meantime, we're
gonna ask Will to quit eating

30:36.233 --> 30:38.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
and deal with red
and black ants.

30:39.466 --> 30:41.500 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
They also are high in protein.

30:42.533 --> 30:45.833 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
This is from Conrad, they're
coming into the house,

30:45.833 --> 30:47.566 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
they're trenching into the lawn,

30:47.566 --> 30:51.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
they're killing the grass,
they tried to poison them

30:51.000 --> 30:52.466 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
but said it didn't work.

30:53.400 --> 30:54.566 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
How can they get rid of them.

30:54.566 --> 30:58.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
Well, I have a lot of ants
and my wife poisons them

30:58.133 --> 31:00.466 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
and it works, so expand.

31:00.466 --> 31:03.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38%
- Well, ants are beneficials.

31:03.133 --> 31:04.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5%
They're good to have around.

31:04.433 --> 31:07.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
Now maybe they're not good
to have in your house.

31:07.533 --> 31:10.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
So exclusion, trying
to plug the hole

31:10.400 --> 31:12.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
the ants are getting in
through is your best bet

31:12.833 --> 31:14.000 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88%
for in the house.

31:14.000 --> 31:17.833 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
Now you can take it a step
farther, you can bait the ants,

31:17.833 --> 31:19.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
you can try and find
out what they're after,

31:19.500 --> 31:23.000 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
are they after fats,
sugars, things like that,

31:23.000 --> 31:25.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
and you might put some
of that out, mint jelly

31:25.800 --> 31:28.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
or some butter, and see
what they're coming to.

31:28.800 --> 31:31.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
Once you determine that,
mix a little bit of borax

31:31.900 --> 31:35.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
into that material and
have the ants carry that,

31:35.633 --> 31:38.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
the bait, back to their
nest, you don't want them

31:38.400 --> 31:40.666 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
dying at the bait station.

31:40.666 --> 31:42.266 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
You want them to grab
it, you don't want it

31:42.266 --> 31:44.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
to be so strong that
they die right there.

31:44.366 --> 31:45.200 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88%
- [Hayden] Borax.

31:45.200 --> 31:46.733 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
- Right, and you take
it back, and borax is

31:46.733 --> 31:50.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
relatively harmless
to other things,

31:50.066 --> 31:52.333 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
but to the ants, once
they get it in their nest,

31:52.333 --> 31:55.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
it makes them sick, and
you should see a decrease.

31:55.333 --> 31:57.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
That takes a little
bit of practice, to get

31:57.133 --> 32:01.900 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
the right mixture, but that's
a least toxic, maybe, control.

32:01.900 --> 32:05.100 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
Okay, now you're
outside, you might,

32:05.100 --> 32:07.300 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
you've plugged the holes,
you maybe tried some baiting,

32:07.300 --> 32:09.400 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
it's not working,
or well enough,

32:09.400 --> 32:12.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
you might find the nests
and try to flood them.

32:12.100 --> 32:14.800 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
Ants live in the
pores of the soil.

32:14.800 --> 32:18.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
By flooding the soil
you force them out

32:18.400 --> 32:19.766 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
and they have to move away.

32:19.766 --> 32:22.966 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
You can add some insecticidal
soap to that water,

32:22.966 --> 32:25.700 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:24.38%
increases the
effect on the ants,

32:25.700 --> 32:27.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
and then you can go
to poisoning them

32:27.900 --> 32:30.800 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
by spreading granules
that you can find

32:30.800 --> 32:34.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
in a hardware store on
the nest, trying that.

32:34.033 --> 32:38.066 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
- And they'll, the grass,
they'll eat all the grass

32:38.066 --> 32:39.500 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
around the hill.

32:39.500 --> 32:42.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
They're not killing it,
well in a way they are,

32:42.133 --> 32:43.433 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
but they're just
eating it, aren't they?

32:45.033 --> 32:46.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
- Well I don't know if, I
don't know what they're doing.

32:46.900 --> 32:50.066 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
I know they will
make mounds and then

32:50.066 --> 32:51.666 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
that'll kind of
suffocate the grass.

32:51.666 --> 32:52.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
- [Will] The grass has moisture.

32:52.633 --> 32:54.466 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25%
So they're after that.

32:55.933 --> 32:59.500 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
- From Helena, mushrooms
growing under the pine tree

32:59.500 --> 33:01.833 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
and they are a slimy mushroom.

33:01.833 --> 33:05.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
What type would grow
there and are they edible,

33:05.233 --> 33:09.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
and this person says she's
eaten them and she's still here,

33:09.600 --> 33:11.366 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:22.5%
apparently--
- [Cathy] And they're

33:11.366 --> 33:13.066 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
slimy mushrooms?
- Unless she ate them

33:13.066 --> 33:13.866 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
in the last two seconds.

33:13.866 --> 33:16.633 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
- Well, that's not
very much to go on,

33:16.633 --> 33:18.133 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
that they're slimy mushrooms.

33:18.133 --> 33:18.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
- Well what would
be a slimy mushroom?

33:18.966 --> 33:22.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63%
- Well there are stinkhorns
are slimy mushrooms,

33:22.633 --> 33:24.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
but they smell so bad
I don't think anyone

33:24.966 --> 33:27.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25%
would eat a stinkhorn.

33:27.300 --> 33:31.866 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
Old mushrooms could be slimy,
inky caps could be slimy

33:31.866 --> 33:32.800 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88%
when they're old.

33:32.800 --> 33:35.166 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- You have a stinky
cap there, don't you.

33:35.166 --> 33:36.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
- [Jack] That was good, Hayden.

33:36.633 --> 33:40.233 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- Right, right, well
I wonder if might be--

33:41.733 --> 33:42.566 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
- [Hayden] An inky cap.

33:42.566 --> 33:45.033 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
- It might be a
kind of inky cap.

33:45.033 --> 33:47.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
Sometimes they'll come
up in large clusters,

33:47.666 --> 33:49.766 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
there's also a
big white inky cap

33:49.766 --> 33:52.300 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
that'll come up on
lawns which is called

33:52.300 --> 33:56.066 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
the shaggy mane, now that's
a good edible mushroom.

33:56.066 --> 33:59.800 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
It's pure white, kind
of shaggy on top,

33:59.800 --> 34:03.066 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
and it turns to ink right
from the bottom of the cap.

34:03.066 --> 34:05.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
If you're going to eat
an all-white mushroom,

34:05.566 --> 34:08.000 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
you might want to run
it by our lab first

34:08.000 --> 34:11.266 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
or the plant disease
clinic just to make sure,

34:11.266 --> 34:14.033 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
because there are a couple
poisonous all-white mushrooms

34:14.033 --> 34:16.300 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:26.25%
you wanna make
sure that it's not.

34:16.300 --> 34:18.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
But if you have big
white mushrooms coming up

34:18.133 --> 34:21.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
and they're turning black,
inky, slimy underneath,

34:21.233 --> 34:23.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
you can, it's probably the
inky cap that you can eat

34:23.900 --> 34:25.900 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
when it's young.

34:25.900 --> 34:29.433 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
There's also an
alcohol inky cap,

34:29.433 --> 34:33.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
which is gray, it comes up
in big clusters under aspen

34:33.466 --> 34:37.100 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
and if you eat it at the
same time you have alcohol,

34:37.100 --> 34:39.566 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
you might get a reaction.

34:39.566 --> 34:42.000 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
- This one's from Hill County.

34:42.000 --> 34:45.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
Says mushrooms with
black under the cap

34:45.366 --> 34:47.600 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
with a white cap
and a white stem.

34:47.600 --> 34:50.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
The mushroom is flat
with a small point,

34:52.066 --> 34:54.933 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
comes up after a heavy
rain in the prairie

34:54.933 --> 34:56.333 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5%
or near the corrals.

34:57.833 --> 35:01.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- Could be the giant
inky cap, it could be.

35:03.300 --> 35:05.466 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
- Where could they
go to find out

35:05.466 --> 35:08.866 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
how to differentiate that
one, which is edible,

35:08.866 --> 35:12.733 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
from the one which they can
eat but it'd make 'em sick?

35:12.733 --> 35:14.966 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
- And there's a couple good ways

35:14.966 --> 35:16.866 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
to start learning
your mushrooms.

35:16.866 --> 35:18.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
One way is to get
a mushroom book,

35:18.933 --> 35:22.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
and there are several
mushroom books out there.

35:22.033 --> 35:23.833 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
It'll give you a
start just to see

35:23.833 --> 35:25.166 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
what are the characteristics

35:25.166 --> 35:27.300 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
for identifying these mushrooms.

35:27.300 --> 35:28.700 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
There aren't any tricks.

35:28.700 --> 35:31.900 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
You can't, some people would
say well, you can cook it

35:31.900 --> 35:35.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
with a silver spoon and
if the spoon turns black,

35:35.333 --> 35:37.900 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
then it's poisonous, nonsense,

35:37.900 --> 35:39.700 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
you have to identify
the mushroom,

35:39.700 --> 35:43.200 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
in order to identify
the mushroom, just

35:43.200 --> 35:45.466 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
or anything else
you're going to eat,

35:45.466 --> 35:48.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
you can use a book, you
can go out with an expert,

35:48.366 --> 35:50.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
we have a mushroom
club that goes out,

35:50.766 --> 35:53.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
oh, five, six times in
the year, during the year,

35:53.833 --> 35:57.533 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
if you wanna join us on a
Sunday afternoon, we go out--

35:57.533 --> 35:59.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- From Hill County,
it's quite a drive.

35:59.366 --> 36:01.266 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
- That's kind of quite a drive.

36:01.266 --> 36:03.266 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
If there are experts
in that area,

36:03.266 --> 36:05.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
you can go out with whoever is,

36:05.133 --> 36:07.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
who knows the edible mushrooms.

36:07.133 --> 36:12.100 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
I would say stick to five
or 10 good edible kinds.

36:12.100 --> 36:14.966 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
There are a lot of different
mushrooms out there,

36:14.966 --> 36:18.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
a lot of them aren't deadly,
but they don't taste good,

36:18.466 --> 36:19.600 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
it's not worth your time.

36:19.600 --> 36:22.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
Just find five or
10 different kinds

36:22.933 --> 36:25.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
that grow in your area,
learn to recognize those,

36:25.166 --> 36:26.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
that's probably the safest way.

36:26.633 --> 36:28.533 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- The little button
mushroom that grows

36:28.533 --> 36:31.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
on the old sheep manure
piles, there you are.

36:31.833 --> 36:32.666 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
- [Cathy] Right.

36:32.666 --> 36:34.266 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
- How do you recognize that dude

36:34.266 --> 36:37.400 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
and differentiate it from
one that isn't edible?

36:37.400 --> 36:41.233 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
- Well, this is an agaricus,
Jack just handed me

36:41.233 --> 36:44.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
the white button mushroom
and a brown button mushroom

36:44.600 --> 36:47.800 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
or a cremini mushroom, they're
actually the same species,

36:47.800 --> 36:48.800 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5%
different varieties.

36:48.800 --> 36:51.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
These can grow out on
the manure heaps, too.

36:51.766 --> 36:56.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
The problem is there are a
lot of species of agaricus.

36:56.433 --> 36:59.333 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
You can recognize agaricus
because underneath,

36:59.333 --> 37:03.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
it has a little ring, it
has, sometimes it starts out

37:03.833 --> 37:06.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
with pink gills that
turn chocolate brown.

37:06.433 --> 37:10.700 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
You can pop that stem out,
and, well, I kind of ruined it,

37:10.700 --> 37:12.866 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
but it'll make a
perfect circle in there.

37:14.400 --> 37:16.933 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
The problem is that there
are a few agaricus species

37:16.933 --> 37:18.566 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
that can get you into trouble.

37:18.566 --> 37:21.433 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
Some of the larger
ones in the woods,

37:21.433 --> 37:24.266 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
especially the ones
that stain yellow,

37:24.266 --> 37:25.866 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
you wanna stay away from.

37:25.866 --> 37:27.666 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
The ones in the pastures,

37:28.933 --> 37:31.666 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
once again, if you
find a nice sprout,

37:31.666 --> 37:34.300 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
you might wanna bring that
in and we can check that one,

37:34.300 --> 37:37.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
because there are a few
different varieties out there.

37:37.033 --> 37:38.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
But yeah, the meadow
mushroom is good,

37:38.900 --> 37:41.600 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
there's also a larger
variety of this,

37:41.600 --> 37:44.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
it's called a horse
mushroom, it's pure white,

37:44.500 --> 37:47.733 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
bright pink gills underneath
that turn chocolate brown,

37:47.733 --> 37:50.966 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
you get a brown spore
print when it's old.

37:50.966 --> 37:53.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
But there are a few things
you can confuse that with,

37:53.233 --> 37:55.333 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
so bring it in, we can check it.

37:55.333 --> 37:56.166 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
- [Hayden] Jack?

37:56.166 --> 37:57.800 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
- We can check it
in the frying pan.

37:57.800 --> 37:59.200 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38%
- I'll cook anything.

37:59.200 --> 38:03.300 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
- Well I'll tell you, you've
done a magnificent job.

38:03.300 --> 38:06.466 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- It is tasty, but,
back at what Cathy said,

38:06.466 --> 38:10.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
we do have a service
at MSU where people can

38:10.166 --> 38:12.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75%
send in mushrooms, send it
to the plant disease clinic,

38:12.600 --> 38:14.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
Martha will either
get it to Cathy

38:14.333 --> 38:16.133 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
or someone else
who'll identify it,

38:16.133 --> 38:18.433 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
and we're happy to do that.

38:18.433 --> 38:21.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
The real key is to get
that mushroom there

38:21.533 --> 38:24.900 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
relatively fresh, and
you just can't put it

38:24.900 --> 38:27.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
in a plastic bag and put
some added water with it

38:27.733 --> 38:32.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
and so forth, because it
gets gooey, rots rapidly.

38:32.233 --> 38:34.800 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
Best way I think
is just loose in--

38:34.800 --> 38:36.333 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
- Newspaper works really well,

38:36.333 --> 38:39.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
newspaper or paper
bags works really well,

38:39.966 --> 38:41.866 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
and then just kind
of pad it with paper.

38:41.866 --> 38:45.033 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
But plastic bags, mushrooms
have been in there overnight

38:45.033 --> 38:48.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13%
or two, three days, they arrive
and it's a bag of liquid,

38:48.133 --> 38:49.866 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
so that's pretty
hard to identify.

38:49.866 --> 38:53.266 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- It needs some air
exchange, some oxygen,

38:53.266 --> 38:55.800 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
and not that much heat.

38:55.800 --> 38:57.500 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- Right, right, and
it's better to have

38:57.500 --> 39:01.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
two or three examples,
not just one broken off,

39:01.066 --> 39:04.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
but bring two or three
in so we can get an idea

39:04.066 --> 39:04.900 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38%
of the range.

39:04.900 --> 39:05.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- [Jack] Especially
if they're morels.

39:05.766 --> 39:07.233 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38%
- Yeah, yeah.

39:07.233 --> 39:09.233 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
We need a lot if they're morels.

39:09.233 --> 39:10.900 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5%
10 or 20 is minimum.

39:12.166 --> 39:13.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
- If I could add something here,

39:13.833 --> 39:18.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
that last caller here
who's question we answered,

39:18.166 --> 39:21.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
who wanted to know if
the mushroom was edible

39:21.266 --> 39:23.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
and then said that she
had already eaten it.

39:25.100 --> 39:28.200 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
It's so important not
to eat anything that you

39:28.200 --> 39:31.166 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
cannot positively
identify as being edible.

39:31.166 --> 39:34.133 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
I get the same thing
with plants, with

39:34.133 --> 39:35.700 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
and Cathy does with mushrooms.

39:35.700 --> 39:39.333 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
So don't eat this stuff unless
you really know what it is.

39:39.333 --> 39:44.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
- Right, there's just,
one death is one too many

39:44.200 --> 39:47.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
in Hill County caused
by bad mushrooms.

39:47.566 --> 39:48.800 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
- Yeah, we call it
mushroom roulette.

39:48.800 --> 39:50.800 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
You can get away
with it for a while,

39:50.800 --> 39:53.300 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
and they might taste
good, but sooner or later

39:53.300 --> 39:54.666 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
it's going to catch up with you.

39:54.666 --> 39:55.500 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
- We're going to
come back to that,

39:55.500 --> 39:58.066 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and this is not your area, Jack,

39:58.066 --> 40:01.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
but you're the guy who
could take a shot at it

40:01.566 --> 40:04.133 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
and I think it's
important we look at it.

40:04.133 --> 40:07.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
They want to know what
rodents carry Hantavirus

40:07.366 --> 40:11.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and they list squirrels,
ground squirrels

40:11.100 --> 40:12.700 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
and a whole bunch
of other things,

40:12.700 --> 40:15.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
and I never heard to me
of those carrying it.

40:15.266 --> 40:17.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63%
- When we had Cliff
Bond on, who is probably

40:17.433 --> 40:19.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
one of the most renowned
experts in the state,

40:19.400 --> 40:23.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
I believe it's almost
specifically deer mice.

40:23.033 --> 40:26.166 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
And not all species of mice,
but primarily deer mice.

40:26.166 --> 40:28.500 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
And they're very
common in this state,

40:28.500 --> 40:32.233 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
and according to Cliff, and
he gave this recommendation,

40:32.233 --> 40:35.733 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
before you get into any place
that has evidence of mice,

40:35.733 --> 40:38.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
you wash it down with
a good Clorox spray

40:38.566 --> 40:40.433 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38%
and then clean it up.

40:40.433 --> 40:42.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
Don't go in until you
really want to wash it up.

40:42.566 --> 40:46.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
- And the second part
of their question

40:46.633 --> 40:49.100 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
was the Clorox dilution.

40:49.100 --> 40:54.133 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
- Uh, generally one to 10, but
to be on the cautious side,

40:54.766 --> 40:57.133 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
and if it's not some area
that's gonna discolor

40:57.133 --> 40:59.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
I'd say one to five,
to be a little safe.

40:59.566 --> 41:02.733 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- It isn't gonna, it
isn't gonna hurt you,

41:02.733 --> 41:05.400 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
wear rubber gloves if you
stick your hands in it,

41:05.400 --> 41:09.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13%
it won't hurt you and make sure
you kill the little fellas.

41:10.200 --> 41:14.733 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
Uh, the little tiny
bugs that are dealing

41:14.733 --> 41:18.900 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
with the feces and urine,
remains of the mice, the virus.

41:20.600 --> 41:23.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
Their hawthorn tree looks
dead south of Bozeman,

41:23.700 --> 41:25.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
they are not leafing
out as usual,

41:25.800 --> 41:29.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
last year they had
rust all over them.

41:29.066 --> 41:29.900 align:start position:46.25% line:84.67% size:7.5%
Bob?

41:30.866 --> 41:33.033 align:start position:44.38% line:84.67% size:11.25%
- Uh--

41:33.033 --> 41:33.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30%
- [Hayden] Jack?

41:33.866 --> 41:36.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- As far as not
leafing out as usual,

41:36.433 --> 41:37.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75%
it may be a little
slow this year

41:37.966 --> 41:41.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:45%
because it has been cold
up until the past few days.

41:41.166 --> 41:42.400 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88%
That's one guess.

41:43.300 --> 41:46.433 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
To check and see if
it is really dead,

41:46.433 --> 41:48.400 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
just go out and start
snapping off branches.

41:48.400 --> 41:49.833 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
Start at the tips
of the branches and

41:49.833 --> 41:51.933 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
keep snapping that branch back

41:51.933 --> 41:53.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
until it doesn't snap
anymore, and that means

41:53.766 --> 41:55.800 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
that that part is live.

41:55.800 --> 41:59.766 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
I don't think that
the rust last year

41:59.766 --> 42:03.100 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
is going to cause wholesale
death of the hawthorn.

42:03.100 --> 42:07.533 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
The hawthorn may have been
weak going into last year,

42:07.533 --> 42:09.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
may have had some winter
damage, who can tell.

42:09.800 --> 42:10.633 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38%
I don't know.

42:11.700 --> 42:16.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
- Will, this is from Joplin,
they have tiny red bugs

42:16.433 --> 42:18.700 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
crawling around
in their basement.

42:18.700 --> 42:23.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
If you squash one he
leaves a bright red smear

42:23.966 --> 42:27.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
on the basement floor or
wherever else they are

42:27.600 --> 42:30.333 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
and they're interested in
what those little things

42:30.333 --> 42:32.300 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
would be and what they
might do about it.

42:32.300 --> 42:34.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- Okay, I think
they're grass mites.

42:34.866 --> 42:38.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
And they occur in moist lawns,
especially in the spring.

42:38.933 --> 42:42.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
As the lawns warm up
and they start growing,

42:42.733 --> 42:44.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
the mites seem to
enjoy that environment,

42:44.966 --> 42:47.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
and then at some point
they get crowded,

42:47.366 --> 42:50.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
and they migrate, and
they tend to migrate

42:50.033 --> 42:52.733 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
to high spots or a warm surface,

42:52.733 --> 42:56.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
and then they of course
find their way inside.

42:56.733 --> 42:58.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
And yes, you wanna be
careful of crushing those

42:58.666 --> 42:59.666 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
or trying to clean them up

42:59.666 --> 43:02.166 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
on a white curtain
or a white sofa.

43:03.000 --> 43:06.333 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
Again, this kind of problem
is an exclusion problem.

43:06.333 --> 43:09.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
A barrier between the
lawn and the house,

43:09.100 --> 43:12.033 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
a foot of white
gravel that's dry

43:12.033 --> 43:14.033 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
will discourage
them, these mites,

43:14.033 --> 43:16.933 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
from moving onto
your foundation.

43:16.933 --> 43:19.500 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
And then plugging the
holes, they're very tiny,

43:19.500 --> 43:23.300 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
so it's hard, but
that's the best, uh,

43:23.300 --> 43:25.400 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75%
long term control.

43:25.400 --> 43:29.066 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
Letting your lawn
dry out once a week.

43:29.066 --> 43:30.466 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:26.25%
Which is often
hard if it's rainy,

43:30.466 --> 43:32.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
there's snow melting,
you know, that's hard,

43:32.100 --> 43:35.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
but don't worry about it
drying out once or twice

43:35.233 --> 43:39.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
during the spring and that
will knock the mites back.

43:39.200 --> 43:42.233 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
They're a humidity or
moisture related problem.

43:42.233 --> 43:47.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
- Most bluegrass is very
tolerant to droughts, grass.

43:47.800 --> 43:52.066 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
It'll come back, so if you
let it get a little dry

43:52.066 --> 43:56.333 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
and it turns kind
of a real dark green

43:56.333 --> 43:58.433 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
and then a little brownish,

43:58.433 --> 44:00.033 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
you're not killing
the bluegrass.

44:03.400 --> 44:05.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
But if you irrigate it,
it'll pop right back.

44:06.833 --> 44:11.233 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Frenchtown, they are talking
about fairy ring mushrooms.

44:11.233 --> 44:13.133 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38%
They eat 'em.

44:13.133 --> 44:17.500 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
People do, I know, I don't,
but they're concerned

44:17.500 --> 44:21.766 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
that weed and feed
might do the mushrooms

44:21.766 --> 44:25.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
a lot of damage if you eat 'em.

44:25.133 --> 44:29.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
- Well, I, I've been, you
can eat fairy ring mushrooms,

44:29.566 --> 44:31.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:37.5%
I don't recommend it
because there are a lot

44:31.700 --> 44:34.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
of other things that
can make fairy rings

44:34.900 --> 44:37.333 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
besides the typical
fairy ring mushroom.

44:39.033 --> 44:40.866 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
Even the typical
fairy ring mushroom

44:40.866 --> 44:43.366 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
can act like a little
sponge, and if you're using

44:43.366 --> 44:46.833 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
weed and feed or pesticides
or anything like that,

44:46.833 --> 44:49.133 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
they will soak it up,
so I wouldn't be worried

44:49.133 --> 44:50.566 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
about that hurting the mushrooms

44:50.566 --> 44:53.100 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:26.25%
as much as the
mushrooms soaking it up

44:53.100 --> 44:54.900 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
and you eating the mushrooms.

44:54.900 --> 44:56.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
- That's what they're
concerned about, too.

44:56.566 --> 44:59.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
You're not gonna hurt
a mushroom, a mold,

44:59.100 --> 45:02.566 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
with weed and feed unless you
get enough of it on there--

45:02.566 --> 45:04.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
- Well if it does
hurt it, it'll die,

45:04.966 --> 45:06.733 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
and then you won't be
able to eat it anyway.

45:06.733 --> 45:07.566 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
- [Cathy] That's right.

45:07.566 --> 45:11.000 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
- And nobody's ever killed
a fairy ring mushroom

45:11.000 --> 45:13.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
or the fairy rings
with weed and feed yet.

45:13.900 --> 45:15.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- [Cathy] That's right.
- Have they?

45:15.200 --> 45:16.033 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38%
- [Cathy] No.

45:16.033 --> 45:16.866 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
- [Hayden] I've
never seen it done.

45:16.866 --> 45:18.266 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- No, but you wanna
be real careful

45:18.266 --> 45:20.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
you don't have any other
mushrooms in there,

45:20.733 --> 45:22.433 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
as long as you know
what you're doing

45:22.433 --> 45:24.966 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
and you're not
weeding and feeding,

45:24.966 --> 45:27.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
some of those caps,
the stem will snap,

45:27.766 --> 45:30.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
it's brittle on the typical
fairy ring mushroom,

45:32.133 --> 45:35.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13%
again, I just hate to recommend
it unless you're an expert.

45:35.833 --> 45:38.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
- As a matter of fact,
what she's saying is

45:38.533 --> 45:40.733 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
she doesn't recommend it.

45:40.733 --> 45:41.633 align:start position:44.38% line:84.67% size:9.38%
- No.

45:41.633 --> 45:45.800 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
- And I would think that what
she won't eat, I won't eat.

45:45.800 --> 45:47.966 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
- [Cathy] There you go.

45:47.966 --> 45:50.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
Well now I didn't say
I wouldn't eat it.

45:50.033 --> 45:54.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- And here's one that I
don't want you to answer,

45:54.000 --> 45:57.266 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
but I'll ask the
question anyhow.

45:57.266 --> 45:59.066 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13%
- [Cathy] Okay.

45:59.066 --> 46:02.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- It came from Bozeman,
and I guess school

46:02.466 --> 46:05.866 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
has started already for the
first half of summer school,

46:05.866 --> 46:07.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
because they wanna
know where to find

46:07.933 --> 46:11.033 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
the mushrooms that
cause hallucinations.

46:11.033 --> 46:12.266 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13%
- [Cathy] Haha.

46:13.733 --> 46:14.900 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
- [Hayden] We're
not gonna tell 'em.

46:14.900 --> 46:17.366 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
- Well I'm afraid they're
out of luck in Montana.

46:18.633 --> 46:21.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
- But let's ask this
one from Clyde Park.

46:21.766 --> 46:23.633 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
They wanna know about morels.

46:23.633 --> 46:25.600 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
How fast do they come up?

46:25.600 --> 46:26.600 align:start position:40.62% line:84.67% size:18.75%
Instantly.

46:26.600 --> 46:31.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
But how long do they last,
then, in that environment.

46:31.200 --> 46:34.133 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
One day, a week,
give us your guess.

46:34.133 --> 46:37.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- Right, well mushrooms
can come up pretty fast,

46:37.533 --> 46:40.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
and the reason they
come up fast is because

46:40.366 --> 46:45.233 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
what you're looking at is the
above ground part of a fungus.

46:45.233 --> 46:49.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
So it sits in the ground
as just a little knot,

46:49.166 --> 46:51.600 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
and the actual fungus
is in the ground,

46:51.600 --> 46:54.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
it's a lot of different
little threads in the ground.

46:54.066 --> 46:57.066 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
That fungus is always
there, and some of these

46:57.066 --> 46:59.533 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
with morels, we're now
learning that morels

46:59.533 --> 47:03.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
are mycorrhizal with trees,
this is kind of new information.

47:03.466 --> 47:07.066 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
So that underground
mycelium is always there,

47:07.066 --> 47:11.033 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
starts to make these
knots, and when it rains

47:11.033 --> 47:13.300 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
and it's steamy and it's humid,

47:13.300 --> 47:17.800 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
the mushrooms pop
up, and actually,

47:17.800 --> 47:20.866 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
the mushrooms can come
up in two, three days,

47:20.866 --> 47:22.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
and the reason that it
seems like it's so fast

47:22.900 --> 47:26.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
is we think of something growing
like an animal or a plant

47:26.833 --> 47:30.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
growing, it's actually
cells dividing and growing.

47:30.133 --> 47:31.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
That's not true with a mushroom.

47:31.633 --> 47:33.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
With the mushroom, the
cells are already there

47:33.633 --> 47:38.133 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
in that knot, and then you add
water and they just swell up.

47:38.133 --> 47:40.833 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
So it's like a little
sponge absorbing water

47:40.833 --> 47:42.733 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
and that's why it
comes up so fast.

47:42.733 --> 47:45.400 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- With a huge, huge
expansion capability.

47:45.400 --> 47:48.533 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- That's right, and
some of these inky caps

47:48.533 --> 47:51.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
have been known to come
up under driveways,

47:51.000 --> 47:54.933 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
and they'll actually lift the
asphalt under the driveways.

47:54.933 --> 47:55.766 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5%
Crack right through.

47:55.766 --> 47:57.366 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
- [Will] Jack finds a morel,
they don't last very long.

47:57.366 --> 48:01.066 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38%
- No, they don't, no.

48:01.933 --> 48:02.966 align:start position:38.75% line:84.67% size:22.5%
From Helena.

48:04.133 --> 48:06.733 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
They have trouble
growing rhubarb.

48:06.733 --> 48:09.866 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
All they can get is seed stalks.

48:09.866 --> 48:12.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
I only end up with seed stalks.

48:12.533 --> 48:14.433 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
- Jack has the same problem.

48:14.433 --> 48:15.966 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38%
- I do have the same problem.

48:15.966 --> 48:17.300 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
- Only end up with seed stalks,

48:17.300 --> 48:19.833 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
seed stalks are a function
of high temperatures.

48:19.833 --> 48:24.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Rhubarb needs it cold, cool,
the longer the cool weather

48:24.433 --> 48:27.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13%
lasts in the spring, the better
off your rhubarb will be.

48:27.933 --> 48:30.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
So the seed stalks
are a function of the

48:30.600 --> 48:32.300 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
and usually the longer days.

48:32.300 --> 48:35.266 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
You might have that
rhubarb in an area where

48:35.266 --> 48:37.500 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
it's just heating up too much.

48:37.500 --> 48:39.166 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
That would be my guess.

48:39.166 --> 48:44.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
- Okay, Will, I don't know
what a pseudoscorpion is,

48:44.233 --> 48:46.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
but these people have
found them in their house,

48:46.633 --> 48:50.266 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
and they would prefer
not to have 'em, I think,

48:50.266 --> 48:53.066 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
can you tell me
something about 'em.

48:53.066 --> 48:56.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
- Huh, um, scorpions
exist in Montana,

48:56.566 --> 49:00.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
this is a very small one,
they're often hard to see,

49:00.033 --> 49:05.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25%
but they're an insect, well, a
spider that lives in flowers.

49:06.000 --> 49:10.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
And they feed on smaller
insects, like mites.

49:10.066 --> 49:12.200 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
They get their, they find
their way into your house

49:12.200 --> 49:17.233 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
by a bee or a big fly or a
wasp will investigate a flower

49:17.233 --> 49:20.800 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
and this, a pseudoscorpion
will latch onto it,

49:20.800 --> 49:24.433 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
and then go for a
ride, and jump off

49:24.433 --> 49:29.433 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
when it feels like it's found
a good place to feed on.

49:29.466 --> 49:31.100 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88%
They're harmless.

49:31.100 --> 49:31.933 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5%
Kind of interesting.

49:31.933 --> 49:34.600 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
They look more
ferocious than they are.

49:34.600 --> 49:35.966 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
I don't know how to
really stop them,

49:35.966 --> 49:39.666 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
it's a matter of excluding the
insects they're riding in on.

49:39.666 --> 49:40.700 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
- [Hayden] Okay.

49:40.700 --> 49:43.500 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
- We're eating morels, you
start talking, we're eating now.

49:43.500 --> 49:45.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- [Cathy] These are the
yellow morels coming around.

49:45.833 --> 49:48.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- Let me do it, because
I have a question here

49:48.300 --> 49:50.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
that came in and there
are a couple others,

49:50.166 --> 49:53.566 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:54.38%
and these people want to know
about the toxic materials

49:53.566 --> 49:57.666 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
that are in fertilizers.

49:57.666 --> 50:00.433 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
And I'm, I can't eat 'em.

50:00.433 --> 50:04.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
So let me say this, about
toxic materials in fertilizers.

50:06.000 --> 50:08.600 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5%
If you, most of us use salt.

50:08.600 --> 50:11.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
Jack used some here
I think tonight.

50:11.766 --> 50:14.600 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
But if you set down
and ate a cup of salt,

50:14.600 --> 50:18.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
you'd wind up in
about six hours dead.

50:18.333 --> 50:19.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13%
Deader than a mackerel.

50:19.700 --> 50:22.233 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
Does that make salt toxic?

50:22.233 --> 50:24.433 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
It does if you abuse it.

50:24.433 --> 50:29.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
If you use commercial
fertilizers properly,

50:31.166 --> 50:33.800 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
And there are no
toxic materials in it.

50:33.800 --> 50:36.800 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
If you get a sign that
says ammonium nitrate,

50:36.800 --> 50:38.766 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
which you're not
gonna get anymore,

50:38.766 --> 50:43.766 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
that says 33, zero, zero, that
means 33 pounds of nitrogen

50:45.333 --> 50:49.800 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
and in a hundred pound bag,
the rest of that material

50:49.800 --> 50:54.400 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
is hydrogen and oxygen, and
that's what the only material

50:54.400 --> 50:56.300 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38%
in the fertilizer is.

50:56.300 --> 50:59.133 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
The only exception
would be a little clay

50:59.133 --> 51:03.600 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
binding on at some time, which
is exactly the same stuff,

51:03.600 --> 51:05.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
binding the fertilizer together,

51:05.833 --> 51:08.966 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
that holds your toothpaste
together when you squeeze it

51:08.966 --> 51:10.900 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
out of the bottle,
or out of the tube,

51:10.900 --> 51:12.733 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:46.88%
and that is hardly toxic.

51:13.900 --> 51:18.600 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:48.75%
So, if you wanna eat a cup
of it, you'll probably die,

51:18.600 --> 51:21.433 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
but if you treat it
properly you'll be fine.

51:21.433 --> 51:25.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Now if you buy something
that is called an amendment,

51:25.766 --> 51:28.233 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
take your chances, no one knows

51:28.233 --> 51:31.566 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
what's in those kinda
things, so, you know,

51:31.566 --> 51:34.866 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
you just don't have a
glimmer as to what they are.

51:34.866 --> 51:38.166 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
Be careful of things that
are called amendments

51:38.166 --> 51:40.233 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
unless you know
exactly what they are.

51:40.233 --> 51:41.066 align:start position:46.25% line:84.67% size:7.5%
Bob?

51:41.066 --> 51:42.700 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25%
- Absolutely, I agree.

51:42.700 --> 51:44.266 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
Those morels were great.

51:44.266 --> 51:46.666 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
- [Jack] They are good.

51:46.666 --> 51:49.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
- They have mushrooms,
several, growing

51:49.433 --> 51:51.800 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
under juniper trees
out in the open.

51:53.266 --> 51:55.866 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
Three to five inches
high with a white stalk,

51:55.866 --> 51:59.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
brownish gold cap,
uh, these don't grow

51:59.966 --> 52:02.200 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
under the cottonwoods,
which they do have,

52:02.200 --> 52:04.200 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
they grow under
junipers, and they wonder

52:04.200 --> 52:05.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
if they might be the false ones.

52:07.466 --> 52:09.733 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
- It doesn't sound
like the false morels,

52:09.733 --> 52:12.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:41.25%
but if it's, you might
want to send that one in,

52:12.666 --> 52:16.033 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
because some mushrooms
found under trees

52:16.033 --> 52:19.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
might be mycorrhizal,
the junipers are usually

52:19.300 --> 52:22.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5%
not mycorrhizal with
mushrooms, so it'll be

52:22.033 --> 52:25.033 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
a decomposer of some
kind, and that means

52:25.033 --> 52:28.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
there are any number of
mushrooms that it could be.

52:28.733 --> 52:31.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
But if you wanna send it in,
I'd be happy to look at it

52:31.466 --> 52:33.300 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:35.63%
and see what it is.

52:34.366 --> 52:36.133 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38%
- Okay, Jack.

52:36.133 --> 52:37.000 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:24.38%
- [Jack] Yes.

52:37.000 --> 52:40.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
- This one came from Helena
and you're the perfect guy.

52:40.433 --> 52:43.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
They wanna know what oil
and spices I should use

52:43.733 --> 52:45.166 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38%
to cook my mushrooms.

52:47.033 --> 52:49.366 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
Whatever he used it's wonderful.

52:49.366 --> 52:51.333 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
Tell us about your recipe.

52:51.333 --> 52:52.533 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63%
- [Cathy] This recipe here.

52:52.533 --> 52:54.100 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
- Hayden all we're
doing right here

52:54.100 --> 52:56.966 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
is just sauteing the mushrooms
in a little bit of butter.

52:56.966 --> 52:59.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:33.75%
I use a little bit
of cheap garlic salt,

52:59.566 --> 53:01.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
oops I better hide that
label for saying that,

53:02.900 --> 53:04.933 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:26.25%
because I like
garlic, but if you use

53:04.933 --> 53:06.366 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
a little bit of salt
in there, it does

53:06.366 --> 53:08.800 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
make the mushrooms
weep slightly.

53:08.800 --> 53:11.833 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25%
Cooked 'em for a while, poured
a little chardonnay in it,

53:11.833 --> 53:14.566 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
any white wine will
work, and little bit

53:14.566 --> 53:19.566 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
of heavy whipping cream,
and little bit of Parmesan,

53:19.566 --> 53:21.166 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
and as soon as it thickens up--

53:21.166 --> 53:24.433 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
- That Parmesan really
gives it the touch.

53:24.433 --> 53:29.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
I knew, Jack is gonna retire
some day and become a cook.

53:31.233 --> 53:32.433 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:33.75%
Did you know that?

53:32.433 --> 53:34.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
- [Bob] He's gonna have
his own TV program.

53:34.466 --> 53:36.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
- [Jack] We'll step it
up a notch in Montana.

53:36.766 --> 53:39.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
- We don't have a lot of
time and I wanna give Will

53:39.566 --> 53:43.900 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
a shot at one and then
Cathy a shot at a bunch.

53:43.900 --> 53:47.133 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
From Miles City, and
they wonder how serious

53:47.133 --> 53:50.700 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
the tick problem would
probably be this year, Will,

53:50.700 --> 53:54.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
and that's associated
with all the things

53:54.766 --> 53:56.433 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13%
you can get from ticks.

53:56.433 --> 54:00.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13%
- Ticks, yes, a
problem in Montana,

54:00.233 --> 54:02.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and I don't know if this
year's especially bad.

54:02.600 --> 54:03.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88%
I haven't heard anything.

54:03.833 --> 54:06.600 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
But recently, a newspaper
article went out

54:06.600 --> 54:09.733 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
that they've become
aware of a disease

54:09.733 --> 54:13.333 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
that resembles, and
I wanna double that,

54:13.333 --> 54:16.433 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
resembles Lyme Disease, and
they're investigating it.

54:17.700 --> 54:21.433 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
So yeah, and there's a lot
of fear of Lyme Disease,

54:21.433 --> 54:24.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
currently we do not have
the vector, the Deer tick,

54:24.600 --> 54:26.733 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:30%
in Montana, that
vectors Lyme Disease,

54:26.733 --> 54:30.400 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
so very small, slight
chance that you would

54:30.400 --> 54:32.466 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75%
actually get Lyme Disease.

54:32.466 --> 54:35.466 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:52.5%
There's the historical ones,
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever,

54:35.466 --> 54:39.733 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
it's not so common, I don't
hear a lot of that happening.

54:40.966 --> 54:43.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
So I don't know if ticks
are a more serious problem

54:43.266 --> 54:44.500 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25%
this year than others.

54:44.500 --> 54:47.666 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:37.5%
It's not a reason to
not enjoy the outdoors.

54:47.666 --> 54:51.466 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Wear tight-fitting clothing,
watch where you're going,

54:51.466 --> 54:53.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45%
and when you return from
your day in the outdoors

54:53.800 --> 54:56.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:30%
or hike, examine
yourself, have a shower

54:56.333 --> 54:59.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38%
and find the ticks if
they might be on you.

54:59.500 --> 55:02.066 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25%
- Okay, not much time.

55:02.066 --> 55:05.666 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
They wanna know if the way
I harvest the mushrooms,

55:05.666 --> 55:07.600 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
in other words very carefully,

55:07.600 --> 55:11.166 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5%
will allow the fungi
that's in the ground

55:11.166 --> 55:12.866 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
to produce more the next year.

55:12.866 --> 55:15.333 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:35.63%
- Right, and that's
a bit controversial,

55:15.333 --> 55:19.500 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88%
because some people think
that you should reach down

55:19.500 --> 55:21.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
right to the base
of that mushroom

55:21.000 --> 55:24.366 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:45%
and twist and pop it off
so that you don't disturb

55:24.366 --> 55:26.733 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
the underground
part of the plant.

55:26.733 --> 55:30.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
And others, you'll just
cut it and leave it

55:30.300 --> 55:32.000 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
because you want a
clean mushroom to eat.

55:32.000 --> 55:34.066 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:28.13%
- The answer is
take your choice.

55:34.066 --> 55:35.233 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13%
And with that--

55:35.233 --> 55:36.933 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:24.38%
- [Cathy] The
jury's out on that.

55:36.933 --> 55:38.000 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88%
- The jury's out.

55:38.000 --> 55:40.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13%
And with that, thank you panel,

55:40.466 --> 55:43.533 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
a wonderful job of
cooking, a wonderful job

55:43.533 --> 55:47.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13%
of bringing great food,
thanks to Will and Cathy,

55:47.333 --> 55:49.966 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:33.75%
thanks much to the
writers back here,

55:49.966 --> 55:52.900 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
I could actually read
almost everything.

55:52.900 --> 55:55.466 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25%
Good night, see you next week.

55:55.466 --> 55:58.700 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25%
(country guitar music)

56:20.366 --> 56:21.466 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38%
- [Announcer] Funding
for this program

56:21.466 --> 56:24.666 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63%
was provided by the Montana
Bankers Association,

56:24.666 --> 56:27.166 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25%
the Montana Department
of Agriculture,

56:27.166 --> 56:31.766 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75%
the MSU Extension Service,
the MSU Ag Experiment Station,

56:31.766 --> 56:36.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:58.13%
and by contributions to Montana
PBS from viewers like you.

56:36.666 --> 56:39.233 align:start position:36.88% line:84.67% size:26.25%
(upbeat music)

56:48.533 --> 56:50.300 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88%
- [Narrator] It's
choked up grass--