1 00:00:06,933 --> 00:00:09,633 - [VOICEOVER] MONTANA AG LIVE IS BROUGHT TO YOU BY: 2 00:00:09,633 --> 00:00:12,100 THE MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 3 00:00:12,100 --> 00:00:14,166 THE MSU EXTENSION SERVICE, 4 00:00:14,166 --> 00:00:16,633 THE MSU AG EXPERIMENT STATION, 5 00:00:16,633 --> 00:00:18,800 THE MONTANA WHEAT & BARLEY COMMITTEE, 6 00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:21,200 THE MONTANA BANKERS ASSOCIATION, 7 00:00:21,200 --> 00:00:23,700 THE MSU COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND, 8 00:00:23,700 --> 00:00:32,600 THE GALLATIN GARDENERS CLUB. 9 00:00:32,600 --> 00:00:36,166 ♪ IF YOUR HERBICIDES OR FUNGICIDES OR 10 00:00:36,166 --> 00:00:39,466 ♪ THE VEGGIES YOU ARE GROWING IN YOUR GARDEN START TO MOLD. 11 00:00:39,466 --> 00:00:43,333 ♪ IF THE ANTS ARE ATTACKING AND YOU£RE HAVING A HARD TIME. 12 00:00:43,333 --> 00:00:46,800 ♪ CALL MONTANA AG LIVE. 13 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:50,166 ♪ KNAPWEED IN THE DITCH AND THE OLD BULL'S GOT AN ITCH 14 00:00:50,166 --> 00:00:53,766 ♪ TICKS UPON THE SHEEP AND THE WOOL IS REALLY CHEAP 15 00:00:53,766 --> 00:00:58,066 ♪ THE GOPHERS IN THE PASTURE ARE EVEN WORSE THAN LAST YEAR 16 00:00:58,066 --> 00:01:10,933 ♪ MONTANA AG LIVE WHERE ARE YOU? ♪ 17 00:01:10,933 --> 00:01:14,033 - [JACK] GOOD EVENING, WELCOME TO MONTANA AG LIVE 18 00:01:14,033 --> 00:01:17,766 ORIGINATING TONIGHT FROM THE STUDIOS OF KUSM 19 00:01:17,766 --> 00:01:20,400 ON THE BEAUTIFUL CAMPUS OF MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 20 00:01:20,400 --> 00:01:23,066 HERE IN BOZEMAN, I'M JACK RISSELMAN, I'LL BE YOUR 21 00:01:23,066 --> 00:01:25,166 MODERATOR AND HOST THIS EVENING. 22 00:01:25,166 --> 00:01:26,966 TONIGHT WE'RE GONNA HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF A CHANGE 23 00:01:26,966 --> 00:01:28,766 KIND OF A DIFFERENT TYPE OF PROGRAM WHICH SHOULD 24 00:01:28,766 --> 00:01:31,266 BE REAL INTERESTING AND WE'RE GONNA WELCOME ALL 25 00:01:31,266 --> 00:01:34,600 THE PHONE CALLS YOU CAN POSSIBLY GIVE US TONIGHT 26 00:01:34,600 --> 00:01:37,633 AND WE'LL TRY TO ANSWER THEM TO THE BEST OF OUR ABILITY. 27 00:01:37,633 --> 00:01:39,866 TONIGHT WE'RE GONNA HAVE KIND OF TWO SPECIAL GUESTS 28 00:01:39,866 --> 00:01:42,733 AND WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT SOMETHING THAT'S A LOT 29 00:01:42,733 --> 00:01:46,333 OF PEOPLE PERCEIVE AS CONFLICT AND THAT IS THE ROLE 30 00:01:46,333 --> 00:01:49,800 OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE AND CONSERVATION 31 00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:52,900 AND HOW THEY SEEM AT ODDS WHERE IN REALITY 32 00:01:52,900 --> 00:01:55,533 IN MOST INSTANCES THEY WORK VERY NICELY AND WE'RE GONNA TRY 33 00:01:55,533 --> 00:01:59,000 TO VISIT THAT THIS EVENING AND TALK ABOUT IT. 34 00:01:59,000 --> 00:02:01,200 SO LET ME INTRODUCE THE PANEL THIS EVENING, 35 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:03,366 Y'ALL RECOGNIZE TOBY HE'S HAD A LITTLE ISSUE 36 00:02:03,366 --> 00:02:06,366 AROUND HERE AND I THINK HE'S GONNA HAVE TO 37 00:02:06,366 --> 00:02:08,533 DO SOMETHING ABOUT THAT. 38 00:02:08,533 --> 00:02:10,166 NEXT TO TOBY IS BOB SANDERS, 39 00:02:10,166 --> 00:02:13,700 BOB SANDERS IS DIRECTOR OF CONSERVATION PROGRAMS 40 00:02:13,700 --> 00:02:16,666 FOR MONTANA FOR DUCKS UNLIMITED. 41 00:02:16,666 --> 00:02:18,533 I'VE KNOWN BOB FOR SEVERAL YEARS, 42 00:02:18,533 --> 00:02:20,533 VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE IN THAT AREA AND 43 00:02:20,533 --> 00:02:23,533 HE WILL ANSWER QUESTIONS TONIGHT ABOUT CONSERVATION 44 00:02:23,533 --> 00:02:25,233 PROGRAMS SPECIFICALLY SOME OF THOSE 45 00:02:25,233 --> 00:02:27,333 THAT DU IS INVOLVED WITH. 46 00:02:27,333 --> 00:02:28,666 NEXT TO HIM IS KENT WASSON, 47 00:02:28,666 --> 00:02:31,333 I'VE KNOWN KENT FOR I HATE TO SAY HOW MANY YEARS 48 00:02:31,333 --> 00:02:35,200 BUT IT'S BEEN A LONG TIME, KENT IS A FARMER AND RANCHER 49 00:02:35,200 --> 00:02:39,333 A COMBINATION OF BOTH UP IN PHILLIPS COUNTY NEAR WHITE 50 00:02:39,333 --> 00:02:40,400 - [KENT] WHITEWATER 51 00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:41,900 - [JACK] WHITEWATER AND LORING. 52 00:02:41,900 --> 00:02:42,766 - [KENT] YEP. 53 00:02:42,766 --> 00:02:43,833 - [JACK] AND IF YOU DON'T KNOW WHERE LORING IS LOOK NORTH 54 00:02:43,833 --> 00:02:46,666 IT'S ABOUT AS FAR NORTH ON THE MONTANA MAP NORTH 55 00:02:46,666 --> 00:02:50,466 OF MALTA THAT YOU CAN SEE AND HE'S ALSO INVOLVED 56 00:02:50,466 --> 00:02:55,133 WITH SARE SUSTAINABLE AG RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROGRAM 57 00:02:55,133 --> 00:02:58,333 SO WE'LL GET INTO THAT AS TO HOW IT EFFECTS CONSERVATION 58 00:02:58,333 --> 00:03:01,233 AND AGRICULTURE, NEXT TO THAT IS BARRY JACBOSEN, 59 00:03:01,233 --> 00:03:03,333 BARRY IS AN ADMINISTRATOR BUT I'M GONNA REFER TO HIM 60 00:03:03,333 --> 00:03:06,400 TONIGHT AS A PLANT PATHOLOGIST 'CAUSE I THINK HE WOULD 61 00:03:06,400 --> 00:03:09,933 MUCH PREFER TO BE KNOWN AS A PLANT PATHOLOGIST. 62 00:03:09,933 --> 00:03:13,666 ANSWERING THE PHONES THIS EVENING IS BARB SCHOFF, 63 00:03:13,666 --> 00:03:17,166 DON MATHRE, AND CHERYL MOORE-GOUGH AND WE THANK 'EM 64 00:03:17,166 --> 00:03:19,233 FOR BEING HERE AND ANY TIME YOU WANT YOU CAN START 65 00:03:19,233 --> 00:03:22,000 PHONING IN THE QUESTIONS AND WE'LL GET TO 'EM BUT WE'RE 66 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:25,766 GONNA START OFF BY ASKIN' BOB A LITTLE BIT ABOUT WHAT YOU DO 67 00:03:25,766 --> 00:03:30,633 FOR DU AND HOW IT IMPACTS AGRICULTURE HERE IN MONTANA. 68 00:03:30,633 --> 00:03:33,500 - [BOB] SURE, YEAH, DUCKS UNLIMITED'S 69 00:03:33,500 --> 00:03:38,333 SINCE 1984, WE'VE DONE OVER 80,000 ACRES OF PROJECTS AND 70 00:03:38,333 --> 00:03:41,666 A LOT OF THOSE ARE IN PARTNERSHIP WITH 71 00:03:41,666 --> 00:03:45,066 PARTICULARLY RANCHERS WHERE WE GET OUT ON THE GROUND, 72 00:03:45,066 --> 00:03:49,166 WE RESTORE WETLANDS, WE ALSO DO CONSERVATION EASEMENTS 73 00:03:49,166 --> 00:03:52,333 AND OTHER FORMS OF WHAT WE REFER TO AS LAND PROTECTION 74 00:03:52,333 --> 00:03:55,366 AND THEN DO A LITTLE BIT ON THE PUBLIC POLICY FRONT, TOO. 75 00:03:55,366 --> 00:03:58,933 LOBBY FOR GOOD BILLS THAT HAVE A POSITIVE IMPACT NOT ONLY 76 00:03:58,933 --> 00:04:01,833 ON THE WILDLIFE RESOURCE BUT ALSO RANCHING. 77 00:04:01,833 --> 00:04:03,666 - WE'LL GET INTO THAT, KENT DID YOU WANT TO SAY SOMETHING 78 00:04:03,666 --> 00:04:06,100 ABOUT WHAT YOU DO AND YOUR PREVIOUS INVOLVEMENT WITH 79 00:04:06,100 --> 00:04:08,233 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY? 80 00:04:08,233 --> 00:04:11,133 - [KENT] UH, YES, I'VE BEEN FARMING AND RANCHING SINCE I WAS 81 00:04:11,133 --> 00:04:16,166 THIS BIG IN NORTH PHILLIPS COUNTY, I'VE BEEN INVOLVED WITH 82 00:04:16,166 --> 00:04:19,566 MONTANA STATE EVER SINCE I WAS A STUDENT AND, AND THEN 83 00:04:19,566 --> 00:04:24,733 I GOT ON THE MONTANA AG EXPERIMENT STATION BOARD FOR 84 00:04:24,733 --> 00:04:27,300 NORTHERN, CENTER AND THEN WAS ELECTED TO COME ON THE 85 00:04:27,300 --> 00:04:31,166 STATE BOARD AND ENDED UP TO BE ON I THINK THAT BOARD 86 00:04:31,166 --> 00:04:35,300 FOR ABOUT 12 YEARS SO, AND SINCE I'VE RETIRED AND 87 00:04:35,300 --> 00:04:38,933 WENT BACK ON AND THEN I WAS APPOINTED TO WESTERN SARE 88 00:04:38,933 --> 00:04:41,133 WHICH IS SUSTAINABLE AG RESEARCH WHICH WE GO OVER ALL 89 00:04:41,133 --> 00:04:42,700 WESTERN UNITED STATES AND ALL THROUGH 90 00:04:42,700 --> 00:04:44,500 THE ISLANDS AND ALASKA. 91 00:04:44,500 --> 00:04:45,433 - [JACK] RIGHT. 92 00:04:45,433 --> 00:04:48,033 OKAY, SOMEBODY NEW HERE ON THIS PROGRAM 93 00:04:48,033 --> 00:04:49,733 BECAUSE ONE OF THE FIRST QUESTIONS WE HAD THIS 94 00:04:49,733 --> 00:04:52,766 EVENING CAME FROM MALTA AND IT'S ACTUALLY FOR BOB 95 00:04:52,766 --> 00:04:57,433 AND THIS PERSON FROM MALTA WOULD LIKE TO KNOW THAT 96 00:04:57,433 --> 00:05:01,800 IF HE IS A RANCHER IN PHILLIPS COUNTY, WHAT BENEFITS 97 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:06,966 WOULD A CONSERVATION EASEMENT PROVIDE FOR HIM? 98 00:05:06,966 --> 00:05:10,633 - [BOB] CONSERVATION EASEMENTS I GUESS THE FIRST WORD IS 99 00:05:10,633 --> 00:05:14,366 THERE'S, THERE'S NO ONE SIZE FITS ALL, BUT THE BENEFITS CAN 100 00:05:14,366 --> 00:05:17,633 INCLUDE OBVIOUSLY SOME PRETTY GOOD INCOME FROM THE SALE 101 00:05:17,633 --> 00:05:20,700 OF THE EASEMENT BUT ALSO IT'S SOMETHING THAT I VIEW 102 00:05:20,700 --> 00:05:25,366 AS RANCHERS CAN PARTNER WITH AN AGENCY, AN ORGANIZATION, 103 00:05:25,366 --> 00:05:29,200 LIKE DUCKS UNLIMITED TO FULFILL THAT FUTURE VISION OF THEIR 104 00:05:29,200 --> 00:05:32,166 LAND, WHAT THEY WANT THAT LAND TO BE NOT ONLY FOR THE 105 00:05:32,166 --> 00:05:35,100 NEXT 10 OR 20 YEARS BUT FOR GENERATIONS DOWN THE LINE 106 00:05:35,100 --> 00:05:39,366 SO FOR RANCHERS IT'S A POWERFUL TOOL TO KEEP THAT LAND 107 00:05:39,366 --> 00:05:40,933 IN RANCHING. 108 00:05:40,933 --> 00:05:42,566 - [JACK] AND IT'S WORKING PRETTY WELL IN THIS STATE? 109 00:05:42,566 --> 00:05:43,933 - [BOB] IT'S WORKING GREAT AND THERE ARE A LOT OF 110 00:05:43,933 --> 00:05:46,600 DIFFERENT CONSERVATION EASEMENT OPTIONS, 111 00:05:46,600 --> 00:05:50,600 ,^ USDA, NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION SERVICE, 112 00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:54,100 FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE HAS A LOT IN THIS PARTICULAR 113 00:05:54,100 --> 00:05:56,966 CALL FROM MALTA, THEY'RE VERY ACTIVE UP THERE, 114 00:05:56,966 --> 00:06:00,000 FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICES AS WELL AS MONTANA FISH, 115 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,433 WILDLIFE AND PARKS, DUCKS UNLIMITED NATURE CONSERVANCY 116 00:06:03,433 --> 00:06:06,266 HAS A PRESENCE UP THERE AS WELL SO THERE ARE A LOT 117 00:06:06,266 --> 00:06:08,966 OF DIFFERENT OPTIONS AND THAT'S REALLY FINDING THAT 118 00:06:08,966 --> 00:06:11,366 EASEMENT HOLDER THAT YOU'RE COMFORTABLE WITH 119 00:06:11,366 --> 00:06:14,100 AND THAT HAS A SHARED VISION OF WHAT YOU WANT TO 120 00:06:14,100 --> 00:06:15,533 SEE ON THE LANDSCAPE. 121 00:06:15,533 --> 00:06:18,633 - [JACK] HOW WOULD A RANCHER, WHAT TYPE OF LAND 122 00:06:18,633 --> 00:06:22,300 WOULD HE NEED TO QUALIFY FOR ONE OF THESE EASEMENTS? 123 00:06:22,300 --> 00:06:25,766 - [BOB] TYPICALLY IT'S INTACT NATIVE PASTURE, 124 00:06:25,766 --> 00:06:28,833 IN THE CASE OF THE FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE 125 00:06:28,833 --> 00:06:31,733 IT HAS A HIGH DENSITY OF WETLANDS OUT THERE 126 00:06:31,733 --> 00:06:34,500 AND NOT ALL WETLANDS ARE CAT-TAIL RINGED, DEEP WATER, 127 00:06:34,500 --> 00:06:37,066 PERMANENT HABITATS, A LOT OF THOSE MAY BE THAT 128 00:06:37,066 --> 00:06:40,066 KIND OF THAT ODD WET AREA THAT'S OUT THERE IN THE 129 00:06:40,066 --> 00:06:42,433 SPRING, THOSE ARE TYPICALLY WETLANDS AND THOSE ARE 130 00:06:42,433 --> 00:06:45,466 VERY VALUABLE FOR A LOT OF SPECIES OF WILDLIFE. 131 00:06:45,466 --> 00:06:47,700 - [JACK] OKAY, WE'LL GET BACK TO THAT IN A LITTLE BIT. 132 00:06:47,700 --> 00:06:50,333 I'M GONNA JUMP OVER TO BARRY QUICKLY AND THEN WE'LL 133 00:06:50,333 --> 00:06:52,566 MOVE OVER TO BOB AND WE'RE NOT GONNA FORGET YOU, 134 00:06:52,566 --> 00:06:54,333 YOU'RE HERE, TOO. 135 00:06:54,333 --> 00:06:55,166 (LAUGHING) 136 00:06:55,166 --> 00:06:58,133 BUT ANYWAY, THIS QUESTION CAME IN LAST WEEK, BARRY, 137 00:06:58,133 --> 00:07:01,366 IT'S FROM POWER AND THEY WANT TO KNOW WHAT THE SITUATION 138 00:07:01,366 --> 00:07:05,333 WITH THE GMO WHEAT THAT WAS FOUND AT THE HONLEY AREA 139 00:07:05,333 --> 00:07:09,000 AROUND THE STATION AND WHAT IS MSU DOING TO PROTECT THE 140 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:12,333 BREEDING PROGRAM FROM GMO CONTAMINATION? 141 00:07:12,333 --> 00:07:16,066 - [BARRY] THE LONG AND THE SHORT OF IT THE LAST GMO RESEARCH 142 00:07:16,066 --> 00:07:21,400 WORK WAS DONE IN 2003, 2001 THRU 2003 AND WAS BASICALLY 143 00:07:21,400 --> 00:07:25,133 TO LOOK AT WAYS OF CONTROLLING GROUND UP READY WHEAT. 144 00:07:25,133 --> 00:07:29,600 WE'VE MONITORED UNDER THE AFIS AGREEMENT THAT LAND 145 00:07:29,600 --> 00:07:35,066 EVER SINCE AND THIS YEAR ABOUT IN LATE JUNE, EARLY JULY 146 00:07:35,066 --> 00:07:38,100 WE FOUND SOME WHEAT THAT DIDN'T GET KILLED BY ROUND-UP, 147 00:07:38,100 --> 00:07:41,066 ACTUALLY TWO DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS, WE REPORTED IT 148 00:07:41,066 --> 00:07:45,600 AS WE HAD TO, TO THE ANIMAL PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, 149 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:50,300 WE'VE BEEN COMPLYING WITH ALL OF THEIR THINGS AND 150 00:07:50,300 --> 00:07:53,966 THE PROBLEM IS PRETTY CLOSE TO RESOLVED, IT WAS ONLY IN 151 00:07:53,966 --> 00:07:58,000 A VERY SMALL AREA, IT WASN'T ALL OVER THE AREA, THE OTHER 152 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:00,933 THING IS WHERE WE'VE WORKED WITH ROUND-UP READY OR 153 00:08:00,933 --> 00:08:04,433 OTHER GMO WHEATS, WE ALWAYS KEEP OUR BREEDING PROGRAM 154 00:08:04,433 --> 00:08:07,166 VERY FAR AWAY FROM THAT AND EVEN OUR FOUNDATION 155 00:08:07,166 --> 00:08:10,500 SEED OPERATIONS SO THERE'S NO CO-MINGLING. 156 00:08:10,500 --> 00:08:12,700 THERE'S VERY STRICT REGULATIONS AS TO WHAT YOU 157 00:08:12,700 --> 00:08:16,733 CAN DO IN THOSE FIELDS THAT WHEAT HAS TO BE DESTROYED 158 00:08:16,733 --> 00:08:20,466 AND THAT'S WHAT HAS HAPPENED AT HUNTLEY THIS LAST YEAR 159 00:08:20,466 --> 00:08:25,466 AND THERE'S NO EVIDENCE IN ANY OF OUR BREEDING LINES 160 00:08:25,466 --> 00:08:29,266 OR IN OUR FOUNDATION SEED OF ANY TRACE OF GMO AND 161 00:08:29,266 --> 00:08:32,100 I THINK THIS JUST REALLY GOES BACK TO THE SYSTEM WORKED 162 00:08:32,100 --> 00:08:33,766 THE WAY IT WAS SUPPOSED TO WORK. 163 00:08:33,766 --> 00:08:36,066 - [JACK] I WOULD AGREE, ABSOLUTELY. 164 00:08:36,066 --> 00:08:39,533 KENT, AGAIN THE SAME PERSON FROM MALTA, 165 00:08:39,533 --> 00:08:42,566 YOU MUST HAVE A FRIEND OR TWO UP THERE. 166 00:08:42,566 --> 00:08:43,300 (LAUGHING) 167 00:08:43,300 --> 00:08:44,033 - [KENT] OR SOMETHING. 168 00:08:44,033 --> 00:08:46,133 - [JACK] OR SOMETHING, THEY KNOW THAT YOU'VE HAD SOME 169 00:08:46,133 --> 00:08:48,466 EXPERIENCE IN THE PAST WITH DUCKS UNLIMITED AND THEY 170 00:08:48,466 --> 00:08:51,366 WOULD LIKE YOU TO EXPOUND A LITTLE BIT ON HOW YOU'VE 171 00:08:51,366 --> 00:08:56,000 WORKED WITH CONSERVATION AGENCIES AS A FARMER 172 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,466 - [KENT] YOU KNOW, IT'S BEEN A POSITIVE EXPERIENCE FOR US 173 00:08:59,466 --> 00:09:03,433 AS A FAMILY FARM AND RANCH, I THINK WHEN WE FIRST WENT 174 00:09:03,433 --> 00:09:06,533 INTO IT AND I STOOD IN FRONT OF BOB AND TOLD HIM THAT WE'RE 175 00:09:06,533 --> 00:09:10,433 A VERY PROGRESSIVE FAMILY, THAT WE INTEND TO YOU KNOW, 176 00:09:10,433 --> 00:09:13,333 TO TELL EVERYTHING STRAIGHT UP THE WAY WE SEE THINGS 177 00:09:13,333 --> 00:09:16,033 AND WE'LL WORK WITH THEM AND THEY WORKED, HAVE WORKED 178 00:09:16,033 --> 00:09:22,033 VERY WELL WITH US, WE'VE LEARNED A LOT ABOUT HIS 179 00:09:22,033 --> 00:09:26,433 NON-PROFIT OR THAT NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION THAT HAS 180 00:09:26,433 --> 00:09:30,833 HELPED US MAYBE ENHANCE OUR HABITAT, HE'S LEARNED 181 00:09:30,833 --> 00:09:34,233 A LOT FROM US ON OUR GRAZING SYSTEMS AND WHAT WE HAVE 182 00:09:34,233 --> 00:09:37,133 TO DO IN NORTH PHILLIPS COUNTY TO GET GRASS TO GROW, 183 00:09:37,133 --> 00:09:40,966 YOU KNOW, IT DOESN'T POP UP IN MARCH, IT POPS UP IN JUNE. 184 00:09:40,966 --> 00:09:45,166 AND SO, YOU KNOW, WE'VE LEARNED AND WE'VE DONE A LOT 185 00:09:45,166 --> 00:09:50,833 OF THINGS, HE'S HELPED US FACILITATE A, NOT WITH THE 186 00:09:50,833 --> 00:09:54,800 EASEMENT BUT WITH A SHARE, WITH FISH & GAME TO PUT 187 00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:58,000 IN A BUNCH OF STOCK TANKS, PIPELINES TO SPREAD OUT 188 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:00,766 THE RIPARIAN AREAS THAT, YOU KNOW, I THINK ONCE WE WILL GET 189 00:10:00,766 --> 00:10:03,166 'EM ON THE GROUND AND RUNNING WILL REALLY BE 190 00:10:03,166 --> 00:10:06,833 AN ENHANCEMENT TO THAT GROUND 191 00:10:06,833 --> 00:10:09,866 FINANCIALLY AT THE TIME WHEN THEY BOUGHT IT, 192 00:10:09,866 --> 00:10:12,500 MY FAMILY COULDN'T AFFORD IT AND SO, AND WE'RE IN 193 00:10:12,500 --> 00:10:15,466 THE PROCESS NOW OF PURCHASING IT FROM DUCKS UNLIMITED 194 00:10:15,466 --> 00:10:18,000 AND I THINK IT'S GONNA BE A GOOD DEAL. 195 00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:22,766 WE DIDN'T SHARE COMPLETELY IN THE AMOUNT OF THE EASEMENT 196 00:10:22,766 --> 00:10:28,333 BUT IN THE LONG RUN IT'S GOING TO BE A BENEFIT TO US. 197 00:10:28,333 --> 00:10:29,100 - [JACK] OKAY. 198 00:10:29,100 --> 00:10:30,200 - [KENT] PARTIALLY. 199 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:31,600 - [JACK] WE'LL GET BACK TO THAT A LITTLE BIT MORE AND 200 00:10:31,600 --> 00:10:34,033 TALK ABOUT HOW SOME OF THESE PROGRAMS WORK. 201 00:10:34,033 --> 00:10:38,866 TOBY, THIS PERSON IS FROM BILLINGS AND THEY'RE CONCERNED 202 00:10:38,866 --> 00:10:41,066 ABOUT THE PONDEROSA PINES IN THE AREA THAT SEEM 203 00:10:41,066 --> 00:10:45,100 PEAKED WITH ABOUT TEN TO TWENTY PERCENT OF THE NEEDLES 204 00:10:45,100 --> 00:10:47,833 BROWN IN THE TREES, WHAT'S GOING ON? 205 00:10:47,833 --> 00:10:50,166 - [TOBY] THAT'S WHAT THEY CALL SEASONAL NEEDLE DROP, 206 00:10:50,166 --> 00:10:52,666 I'M GUESSING AND IT'S A NATURAL OCCURRENCE THAT 207 00:10:52,666 --> 00:10:55,466 HAPPENS IN PONDEROSA PINES EVERY TIME THIS YEAR. 208 00:10:55,466 --> 00:10:58,733 THE TREE CANNOT SUSTAIN ALL OF THOSE NEEDLES GOING INTO 209 00:10:58,733 --> 00:11:02,900 WINTER SO IT DROPS A LOT OF THOSE NEEDLES AND YOU'LL SEE 210 00:11:02,900 --> 00:11:06,766 THAT HAPPEN FOR NOT ONLY PINES, YOU'LL SEE IT, 211 00:11:06,766 --> 00:11:09,900 MY DOUGLAS FIR IN MY BACKYARD HAS GOT A SEASONAL 212 00:11:09,900 --> 00:11:12,833 NEEDLE DROP, IT'LL HAPPEN WITH FIRS, SPRUCE, PINES, 213 00:11:12,833 --> 00:11:15,900 JUST ABOUT ANY KIND OF THE CONFIERS. 214 00:11:15,900 --> 00:11:16,733 - [JACK] OKAY. 215 00:11:16,733 --> 00:11:19,533 THIS PERSON HAS ACTUALLY CALLED IN LAST WEEK 216 00:11:19,533 --> 00:11:22,866 AND THIS WEEK SO THEY ARE PRETTY SERIOUS ABOUT 217 00:11:22,866 --> 00:11:25,366 HOW DO THEY KILL A RUSSIAN OLIVE TREE? 218 00:11:25,366 --> 00:11:26,866 KENT, I KNOW YOU GOT SOME OF THOSE WEEDS 219 00:11:26,866 --> 00:11:28,566 UP IN YOUR COUNTRY, YOU WANT TO ANSWER THAT 220 00:11:28,566 --> 00:11:30,600 OR TOBY OR WHOEVER? 221 00:11:30,600 --> 00:11:32,366 - [KENT] WELL IN OUR COUNTRY AND MORE IN THE 222 00:11:32,366 --> 00:11:34,733 MILK RIVER VALLEY THAN UP IN OUR COUNTRY BUT 223 00:11:34,733 --> 00:11:38,266 YOU KNOW IT'S A NOXIOUS WEED IN THE MILK RIVER VALLEY 224 00:11:38,266 --> 00:11:40,400 AND THE ONLY WAY THEY KILL IT IS WITH A CHAINSAW 225 00:11:40,400 --> 00:11:45,633 IT'S, IT JUST SEEMS TO SPREAD IN DITCHES AND STUFF 226 00:11:45,633 --> 00:11:49,566 ANYWHERE THERE'S WATER AND, YOU KNOW, ACTUALLY UP IN OUR 227 00:11:49,566 --> 00:11:52,133 COUNTRY THERE'S A LITTLE BIT OF IT AROUND USING 228 00:11:52,133 --> 00:11:54,733 SNOW BREAKS AND WIND BREAKS AND STUFF BUT 229 00:11:54,733 --> 00:11:56,500 MOSTLY CARAGANAS BUT. 230 00:11:56,500 --> 00:11:58,566 - [TOBY] YEAH, THE, IN FACT I WAS JUST AT 231 00:11:58,566 --> 00:12:01,066 ROCKY MOUNTAIN TREE SCHOOL IN CODY, WYOMING 232 00:12:01,066 --> 00:12:03,566 AND THEY WERE TALKING ABOUT PROGRAMS IN WHICH 233 00:12:03,566 --> 00:12:06,533 THEY WERE GOING THROUGH ERADICATING RUSSIAN OLIVE 234 00:12:06,533 --> 00:12:09,733 IN PASTURE AND IT WAS PRETTY INTERESTING HOW THEY 235 00:12:09,733 --> 00:12:13,766 WOULD CUT THAT AND THEN ALSO USE A BASIL SPRAY ON THAT 236 00:12:13,766 --> 00:12:17,800 STUMP AND IT WAS NICE 'CAUSE IT HAD A MARKER TO IT SO THEY 237 00:12:17,800 --> 00:12:21,333 KNEW HOW TO KILL IT OR WHAT THEY HAD KILLED AND THEY HAD 238 00:12:21,333 --> 00:12:24,666 PRETTY GOOD CONTROL AND IT WAS PRETTY INTERESTING TO SEE 239 00:12:24,666 --> 00:12:27,533 KIND OF THE BEFORE AND AFTER PICTURES ALL THE WAY THROUGH 240 00:12:27,533 --> 00:12:31,600 I THINK WYOMING AND INTO NEBRASKA OF WHAT THEY DID 241 00:12:31,600 --> 00:12:34,600 SO THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY, IT'S PROBABLY, YOU KNOW, 242 00:12:34,600 --> 00:12:37,200 TO HIRE SOMEBODY TO DO THAT, YOU KNOW, 243 00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:38,966 UNLESS YOU HAD THE TIME TO GO THROUGH 244 00:12:38,966 --> 00:12:40,366 OR HAD THE RIGHT EQUIPMENT. 245 00:12:40,366 --> 00:12:41,633 - [JACK] OKAY, SOUNDS GOOD. 246 00:12:41,633 --> 00:12:44,066 THAT CALL CAME FROM LIVINGSTON AND I HOPE 247 00:12:44,066 --> 00:12:50,133 THEY CAN GET THEIR TREES, RUSSIAN OLIVE UNDER CONTROL. 248 00:12:50,133 --> 00:12:55,766 BOB, FROM SAKEL, THIS PERSON WANTS TO KNOW DOES 249 00:12:55,766 --> 00:12:59,266 DUCKS UNLIMITED BUY LAND OR DO THEY JUST GIVE EASEMENTS 250 00:12:59,266 --> 00:13:04,900 AND HOW DO THEY GO ABOUT SELLING LAND TO DU IF THEY 251 00:13:04,900 --> 00:13:07,866 HAD LAND THAT THEY WANTED TO SELL TO DU. 252 00:13:07,866 --> 00:13:09,800 - [BOB] YES, DUCKS UNLIMITED DOES BUY LAND, 253 00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:12,633 WE'VE GOT A PROGRAM THAT WE CALL REVOLVING LANDS 254 00:13:12,633 --> 00:13:16,133 AND THAT STEMS FROM THE APPROACH THAT WE USE AS 255 00:13:16,133 --> 00:13:19,100 OPPOSED TO BEING A LONG-TERM LAND OWNER IN ANY 256 00:13:19,100 --> 00:13:24,966 GIVEN LOCALITY WE TRY TO BUY THE LAND, DO A CONSERVATION 257 00:13:24,966 --> 00:13:28,500 EASEMENT, TYPICALLY WITH A FEDERAL OR A STATE AGENCY 258 00:13:28,500 --> 00:13:31,100 DO IMPROVEMENTS, AS KENT MENTIONED EARLIER, WE PUT IN 259 00:13:31,100 --> 00:13:34,866 CROSS-FENCING FOR BETTER PASTURE MANAGEMENT, 260 00:13:34,866 --> 00:13:38,200 ALTERNATIVE STOCK WATER SOURCES, A LOT OF AMENITIES THAT 261 00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:40,933 MAKE IT BETTER RANCH, A BETTER CATTLE RANCH AND WE'LL 262 00:13:40,933 --> 00:13:43,466 HOLD THAT FOR THREE TO FOUR YEARS AND THEN WE SELL IT 263 00:13:43,466 --> 00:13:45,666 AND WE'RE ACTUALLY GOING THROUGH OUR FIRST ONE RIGHT 264 00:13:45,666 --> 00:13:48,833 NOW WITH KENT, KENT'S BEEN OUR GRAZING LESSEE OUT THERE 265 00:13:48,833 --> 00:13:53,600 FOR THREE YEARS AND WE IDENTIFIED KENT AS A GOOD, 266 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:56,066 RESPONSIBLE OPERATOR, WE LIKED EVERYTHING ABOUT, YOU 267 00:13:56,066 --> 00:13:59,466 KNOW, HIS STOCKING RIGHTS OUT THERE AND ALL THE POSITIVE 268 00:13:59,466 --> 00:14:02,833 ATTRIBUTES NOT ONLY ON THE LAND THAT HE LEASES FROM US 269 00:14:02,833 --> 00:14:06,766 BUT ALSO HIS OWN LANDS THAT HE GRAZES, EVERYTHING LOOKED 270 00:14:06,766 --> 00:14:09,400 GOOD AND SO WE'RE PURSUING THAT WITH KENT RIGHT NOW, 271 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:11,200 IN FACT WE'VE GOT AN OPTION WE SHOULD BE CLOSING 272 00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:12,733 HOPEFULLY IN THE NEXT FEW WEEKS. 273 00:14:12,733 --> 00:14:14,100 - [KENT] ABSOLUTELY. 274 00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:16,933 - [JACK] HOW DOES, WHAT QUALIFIED THAT LAND 275 00:14:16,933 --> 00:14:19,266 THAT YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT TO FALL INTO THAT 276 00:14:19,266 --> 00:14:21,733 CATEGORY WHERE YOU WOULD BUY IT RATHER THAN 277 00:14:21,733 --> 00:14:24,566 TRY TO LEASE IT OR PROVIDE AN EASEMENT TO THE 278 00:14:24,566 --> 00:14:26,033 PREVIOUS OWNER? 279 00:14:26,033 --> 00:14:29,833 - [BOB] YEAH, TYPICALLY OUR FIRST APPROACH IS TO WORK 280 00:14:29,833 --> 00:14:32,800 WITH THE LAND OWNER AND IF HE OR SHE WANTS TO DO IT 281 00:14:32,800 --> 00:14:35,700 THEMSELVES THAT'S PREFERRED, A LOT OF TIMES WHEN THESE, 282 00:14:35,700 --> 00:14:38,933 THESE PROPERTIES COME ON THE MARKET A LOT OF TIMES I'LL DRAG 283 00:14:38,933 --> 00:14:42,700 MY FEET BECAUSE I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT THE LOCAL FOLKS 284 00:14:42,700 --> 00:14:45,366 HAVE A CHANCE TO DO IT LIKE KENT. 285 00:14:45,366 --> 00:14:47,700 UM, IF THAT'S NOT POSSIBLE, THEN WE'LL GO IN 286 00:14:47,700 --> 00:14:49,766 AND WE'LL BUY THESE, NOW, THROUGH THE REVOLVING 287 00:14:49,766 --> 00:14:53,866 LANDS WHAT WE TRY TO DO IS SHOWCASE AS MANY DIFFERENT 288 00:14:53,866 --> 00:14:57,300 PROGRAMS THAT ARE OUT THERE SO DUCKS UNLIMITED CAN LOOK 289 00:14:57,300 --> 00:14:59,766 THE LANDOWNER, LOOK A RANCHER IN THE EYE AND SAY, "HEY, 290 00:14:59,766 --> 00:15:02,533 "WE'RE NOT ONLY JUST RECOMMENDING THESE PROGRAMS, 291 00:15:02,533 --> 00:15:03,833 "WE'VE DONE THEM." 292 00:15:03,833 --> 00:15:06,000 AND I'M VERY TRANSPARENT WITH THE NUMBERS, WHEN I WORKED 293 00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:08,566 WITH KENT IT'S LIKE HERE'S WHAT'S THE EASEMENT'S WORTH 294 00:15:08,566 --> 00:15:12,600 AND A LOT OF TIMES WE'LL DO WHAT WE'VE EXPERIENCED, 295 00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:14,933 NUMBERS WE'VE EXPERIENCED BECAUSE EACH APPRAISAL 296 00:15:14,933 --> 00:15:16,933 ON EACH PROPERTY'S A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT SO YOU DON'T 297 00:15:16,933 --> 00:15:20,933 WANT TO GIVE, I'M A BIOLOGIST, I'M NOT A LAND APPRAISER-- 298 00:15:20,933 --> 00:15:21,633 - [JACK] RIGHT. 299 00:15:21,633 --> 00:15:23,266 [BOB] OR A REAL ESTATE EXPERT SO I TRY TO SPEAK FROM 300 00:15:23,266 --> 00:15:25,566 EXPERIENCE AND, YOU KNOW, LIKE ANYTHING, YOUR EXPERIENCE 301 00:15:25,566 --> 00:15:30,133 PERSONAL EXPERIENCE COULD BE DIFFERENT BUT THE PROGRAMS 302 00:15:30,133 --> 00:15:32,533 ARE OUT THERE, THEY'RE SHOWCASED AND THE POSITIVE 303 00:15:32,533 --> 00:15:35,700 ATTRIBUTES, THE COST SHARE, THE MATCHING RATES, THAT'RE 304 00:15:35,700 --> 00:15:38,100 OUT THERE THROUGH THESE FEDERAL PROGRAMS, THEY'RE TESTED 305 00:15:38,100 --> 00:15:42,266 AND DEMONSTRATED TO WORK THROUGH DUCKS UNLIMITED 306 00:15:42,266 --> 00:15:45,133 AND THEN LOCAL LANDOWNERS CAN PICK THOSE UP AND 307 00:15:45,133 --> 00:15:46,900 YOU KNOW DUCKS UNLIMITED, WE'RE NOT GONNA TOUCH 308 00:15:46,900 --> 00:15:50,166 EVERY PARCEL UP THERE THAT COMES FOR SALE BUT IF OTHERS 309 00:15:50,166 --> 00:15:53,333 CAN LOOK AT IT AND SAY, "HEY, THIS IS A GOOD PROGRAM, 310 00:15:53,333 --> 00:15:56,200 "AND THIS WORKS," THEN WE DON'T HAVE TO TOUCH THAT, 311 00:15:56,200 --> 00:15:58,500 IN FACT WE'LL PROBABLY, WE MAY WORK OURSELVES OUT OF 312 00:15:58,500 --> 00:16:02,066 BUSINESS UP THERE AND LOCAL FOLKS WILL DO IT ON THEIR OWN 313 00:16:02,066 --> 00:16:04,266 JUST BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF HOW IT WORKED FOR 314 00:16:04,266 --> 00:16:06,600 DUCKS UNLIMITED ON THESE PROPERTIES. 315 00:16:06,600 --> 00:16:07,600 - [JACK] SOUNDS LIKE A GOOD PROGRAM, 316 00:16:07,600 --> 00:16:09,900 ALL RIGHT, WE'LL GET BACK TO SOME MORE QUESTIONS 317 00:16:09,900 --> 00:16:14,166 THAT HAVE COME IN ON SIMILAR THINGS. 318 00:16:14,166 --> 00:16:17,666 BARRY, FROM CLANCY, THIS PERSON HAS A MASSIVE 319 00:16:17,666 --> 00:16:20,966 AMOUNT OF SCABBY POTATOES THIS YEAR, SHE THINKS IT 320 00:16:20,966 --> 00:16:24,333 MIGHT BE A RESULT OF TOO MUCH MOISTURE SHE'S THINKING 321 00:16:24,333 --> 00:16:27,800 GYPSUM SHOULD BE USED NEXT YEAR, IS THIS A GOOD SOLUTION? 322 00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:29,100 - [BARRY] NO. 323 00:16:29,100 --> 00:16:29,833 - [JACK] OKAY. 324 00:16:29,833 --> 00:16:31,033 WHAT IS A GOOD SOLUTION? 325 00:16:31,033 --> 00:16:33,966 - [BARRY] THE BEST SOLUTION IS TO GROW A VARIETY THAT HAS 326 00:16:33,966 --> 00:16:36,866 SOME RESISTANCE AND THE, I JUST REDID THE MSU POTATO 327 00:16:36,866 --> 00:16:40,966 GARDEN GUIDE AND LISTED ALL THE DISEASE RESISTANCE IN THERE, 328 00:16:40,966 --> 00:16:44,566 SHE SIMPLY NEEDS TO GROW A RESISTANT VARIETY. 329 00:16:44,566 --> 00:16:46,966 THE OTHER THING, TOO MUCH MOISTURE IS NOT THE CASE. 330 00:16:46,966 --> 00:16:50,700 SCAB LIKES IN WHEN IT'S DRY SO BASICALLY FROM TUBER 331 00:16:50,700 --> 00:16:53,533 INITIATION THROUGH ABOUT THREE-QUARTERS BULKING 332 00:16:53,533 --> 00:16:56,166 IF YOU CAN ACTUALLY KEEP THE SOIL FAIRLY MOIST YOU'LL 333 00:16:56,166 --> 00:16:59,200 HAVE LESS SCAB EVEN ON A SUSCEPTIBLE VARIETY. 334 00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:01,333 - [TOBY] AND BARRY, DOES, IF YOU HAVE A SOIL 335 00:17:01,333 --> 00:17:03,866 THAT HAS SCAB, WILL YOU ALWAYS HAVE SCAB OR 336 00:17:03,866 --> 00:17:05,433 CAN YOU ROTATE OUT OF IT? 337 00:17:05,433 --> 00:17:07,033 - [BARRY] YOU'LL ALWAYS HAVE SCAB. 338 00:17:07,033 --> 00:17:08,600 THERE ARE PEOPLE THAT'LL SAY, "OH, WE CAN TREAT IT 339 00:17:08,600 --> 00:17:11,866 "WITH SULPHUR OR SOMETHING TO MAKE IT MORE ACIDIC." 340 00:17:11,866 --> 00:17:15,766 YOU'VE GOT TO GET DOWN BELOW PH 5.3 AND THAT'S NOT 341 00:17:15,766 --> 00:17:19,466 THE BEST FOR FERTILITY SO, JUST GROW RESISTANT VARIETY 342 00:17:19,466 --> 00:17:21,800 AND WE'VE GOT RED ONES, AND WE'VE GOT RED FLESH 343 00:17:21,800 --> 00:17:26,533 WITH YELLOW, RED SKINNED YELLOW FLESH, WE'VE GOT 344 00:17:26,533 --> 00:17:28,600 RUSSETS, WE'VE GOT ALL KINDS OF POTATOES. 345 00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:31,533 - [JACK] AND WHERE DO THEY GET A LIST OF THESE POTATOES? 346 00:17:31,533 --> 00:17:34,033 - [BARRY] THE MSU EXTENSION SERVICE HAS A POTATO 347 00:17:34,033 --> 00:17:37,466 GARDEN GUIDE AND ACTUALLY WE HAVE A VERY UNIQUE 348 00:17:37,466 --> 00:17:40,633 SITUATION HERE WITH OUR SEED POTATO GROWERS THAT 349 00:17:40,633 --> 00:17:44,000 ACTUALLY GROW MONTANA SEED AND THEY DISTRIBUTE IT OUT 350 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:47,066 TO THE COUNTIES AND IT'S REALLY A NEAT PROGRAM, JACK. 351 00:17:47,066 --> 00:17:48,700 - [JACK] EXCELLENT PROGRAM, I AGREE. 352 00:17:48,700 --> 00:17:51,533 TOBY, QUICK QUESTION, COTTONWOOD TREE IS SENDING 353 00:17:51,533 --> 00:17:54,733 UP SUCKERS THROUGH THE ASPHALT, WHAT CAN THEY DO? 354 00:17:54,733 --> 00:17:57,666 - [TOBY] WELL, IF IT'S OUT THROUGH THE ASPHALT IT'S MORE 355 00:17:57,666 --> 00:17:59,566 THAN FIVE FEET AWAY FROM THE TRUNK OF THE THREE JUST 356 00:17:59,566 --> 00:18:02,133 SPRAY IT WITH YOUR REGULAR OLD LAWN WEED HERBILIZ- 357 00:18:02,133 --> 00:18:05,233 OR HERBICIDE 240 WILL TAKE CARE OF IT. 358 00:18:05,233 --> 00:18:07,966 - [JACK] OKAY, SOUNDS GOOD. 359 00:18:07,966 --> 00:18:10,900 A QUESTION CAME IN, KENT, ABOUT SARE AND LET'S 360 00:18:10,900 --> 00:18:12,600 GET INTO SARE A LITTLE BIT. 361 00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:13,466 - [KENT] YEP. 362 00:18:13,466 --> 00:18:16,766 - [JACK] EXPLAIN WHAT SARE IS AND THE GOALS OF SARE 363 00:18:16,766 --> 00:18:19,866 AND HOW IT MAY RELATE TO CONSERVATION AND WHATEVER 364 00:18:19,866 --> 00:18:21,700 YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT. 365 00:18:21,700 --> 00:18:25,433 - [KENT] OKAY, WHAT WE'RE WESTERN SARE WE CALL IT FROM 366 00:18:25,433 --> 00:18:28,400 THE BIG WEST, THERE'S FOUR SARES ALL THROUGH THE 367 00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:32,533 UNITED STATES DIVIDED OUT BUT WE DEAL IN WESTERN SARE 368 00:18:32,533 --> 00:18:35,266 AND WE HAVE THE 13 WESTERN UNITED STATES, WE HAVE ALL 369 00:18:35,266 --> 00:18:38,466 THE MICRONESIA, MARIANA AND THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AND 370 00:18:38,466 --> 00:18:42,900 ALL OF ALASKA AND IT'S A FEDERAL USDA PROGRAM THAT THERE'S 371 00:18:42,900 --> 00:18:49,100 THERE'S A LOT OF GRANT OPTIONS AND IT BECOMES A GRANTING 372 00:18:49,100 --> 00:18:55,000 PROCESS THROUGH EDUCATORS, THROUGH PRODUCERS, THROUGH 373 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:58,333 PROFESSIONALS THAT THEY HAVE A CHANCE TO GO AFTER SOME 374 00:18:58,333 --> 00:19:03,533 MONEY FOR SPECIFIC THINGS THAT HAVE TO BE SUSTAINABLE AND 375 00:19:03,533 --> 00:19:06,566 SUSTAINABLE IS A WORD THAT NOBODY HAS DEFINED, 376 00:19:06,566 --> 00:19:09,133 YOU KNOW, IN MY BUSINESS IT'S THAT WE'LL 377 00:19:09,133 --> 00:19:12,166 LEAVE THIS LAND IN A BETTER PLACE THAN 378 00:19:12,166 --> 00:19:14,966 WHAT WE GOT IT, WE'LL LEAVE IT FOR THE GRANDKIDS AND 379 00:19:14,966 --> 00:19:18,600 THEIR KIDS IN A BETTER SPOT FOR THEM TO CARRY ON THE 380 00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:22,466 LEGACIES THAT WE LIVE IN AND IN WESTERN SARE WE HAVE 381 00:19:22,466 --> 00:19:25,200 ABOUT 16 PEOPLE ON OUR BOARD AND WE COVER A LOT 382 00:19:25,200 --> 00:19:29,566 OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES FROM EPA TO ARS, YOU KNOW, 383 00:19:29,566 --> 00:19:32,533 WE HAVE SOME PRODUCERS, WE HAVE SOME BUSINESS, 384 00:19:32,533 --> 00:19:38,900 AGRI-BUSINESS PEOPLE AND WE JUST STUDY AND WE MAY 385 00:19:38,900 --> 00:19:45,266 DO THINGS WITH POLLINATORS, VINEYARDS, ONE-ACRE HORSE 386 00:19:45,266 --> 00:19:50,400 BARNS, YOU KNOW, WE GET ALL KINDS, IT ISN'T JUST A FOR 387 00:19:50,400 --> 00:19:53,066 BIG, ACTUALLY IT'S AND IT ISN'T JUST ORGANIC, A LOT OF 388 00:19:53,066 --> 00:19:56,966 PEOPLE THINK WELL IT'S JUST ORGANIC, SARE IS NOT ORGANIC, 389 00:19:56,966 --> 00:20:01,833 IT'S ALL ABOUT AGRICULTURE AS A ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF WHAT 390 00:20:01,833 --> 00:20:05,366 HAPPENS AND WHAT CHANGES AND WE TRY TO HELP 391 00:20:05,366 --> 00:20:07,366 THAT AND EDUCATE PEOPLE. 392 00:20:07,366 --> 00:20:09,166 - [JACK] WHAT, WHAT IS THE ACTUAL GOALS OR, BARRY, 393 00:20:09,166 --> 00:20:10,766 YOU'VE BEEN INVOLVED WITH SARE WHAT? 394 00:20:10,766 --> 00:20:12,066 - [BARRY] YEAH, I'VE HAD A COUPLE OF SARE 395 00:20:12,066 --> 00:20:14,900 ONE OF THE REAL STRENGTHS OF THE PROGRAM IS YOU HAVE TO 396 00:20:14,900 --> 00:20:16,500 INVOLVE PRODUCERS IN THE-- 397 00:20:16,500 --> 00:20:17,166 - [KENT] YEAH. 398 00:20:17,166 --> 00:20:19,833 - [BARRY] IN THE FORMULATION, GUIDANCE, DISSEMINATION 399 00:20:19,833 --> 00:20:22,533 OF THE RESULTS AND, YOU KNOW, THAT'S HOW YOU CHANGE 400 00:20:22,533 --> 00:20:25,366 THINGS, YOU KNOW, FOR THE PERSON SEES IT WITH THEIR OWN 401 00:20:25,366 --> 00:20:28,500 HANDS OR EYES, IT'S GONNA GET ADOPTED. 402 00:20:28,500 --> 00:20:29,166 - [KENT] YES. 403 00:20:29,166 --> 00:20:32,266 - [BARRY] AND I THINK IT'S A VERY, VERY STRONG PROGRAM 404 00:20:32,266 --> 00:20:35,166 BECAUSE OF THAT, AND THAT PRODUCER INVOLVEMENT. 405 00:20:35,166 --> 00:20:38,633 IT'S A LITTLE DIFFERENT THAN OUR SOME OF OUR OTHER 406 00:20:38,633 --> 00:20:41,766 RESEARCH PROJECTS WHICH ARE PRETTY MUCH MORE 407 00:20:41,766 --> 00:20:44,566 IN THE LAB AND WE GO OUT TO THESE GUYS AND SAY, 408 00:20:44,566 --> 00:20:45,433 "WELL, LOOK AT THIS." 409 00:20:45,433 --> 00:20:47,800 AND THEY SAY, "WELL, I'M NOT QUITE SO SURE ABOUT THAT." 410 00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:51,166 - [KENT] YEAH, AND THAT IS THE GREAT THING THAT SINCE 411 00:20:51,166 --> 00:20:55,066 I'VE ONLY BEEN ON THERE FOUR YEARS AND IT HAS EVOLVED 412 00:20:55,066 --> 00:20:58,133 INTO EXACTLY THAT IF YOU'RE GONNA PUT A GRANT IN YOU HAVE 413 00:20:58,133 --> 00:21:01,700 TO HAVE AT LEAST THREE TO FIVE PRODUCERS INVOLVED, 414 00:21:01,700 --> 00:21:03,833 THOSE TYPE OF THINGS AND THERE'S AND THERE'S A PROFESSIONAL 415 00:21:03,833 --> 00:21:07,733 PDP GRANT SYSTEM, TOO, THAT'S STRICTLY FOR FARMERS AND 416 00:21:07,733 --> 00:21:11,833 PRODUCERS AND A FARMER DOESN'T HAVE TO BE A BIG FARMER, 417 00:21:11,833 --> 00:21:15,500 YOU KNOW, IT'S LIKE MAYBE $1,200 GROSS INCOME A YEAR 418 00:21:15,500 --> 00:21:18,266 OFF OF, OFF OF, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, 419 00:21:18,266 --> 00:21:20,600 SO IT'S A GREAT EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM 420 00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:23,100 TO GET THINGS OUT AND IT'S SUPPOSED TO BE NEW AND 421 00:21:23,100 --> 00:21:26,033 INNOVATIVE, THERE'S THE TWO THINGS: SUSTAINABLE AND 422 00:21:26,033 --> 00:21:29,133 NEW AND INNOVATIVE, YOU CAN'T REINVENT THE WHEEL 423 00:21:29,133 --> 00:21:33,100 AND DO IT THROUGH SARE, YOU HAVE TO DO IT SOMETHING NEW. 424 00:21:33,100 --> 00:21:35,133 - [BARRY] AND I THINK THE OTHER THING, KENT, YOU MENTIONED 425 00:21:35,133 --> 00:21:37,733 IS THE EDUCATION, EVERY ONE OF THOSE PROJECTS HAS GOTTEN 426 00:21:37,733 --> 00:21:39,900 AN EXTENSION EDUCATION PIECE TO IT. 427 00:21:39,900 --> 00:21:40,833 - [KENT] YES, YEP. 428 00:21:40,833 --> 00:21:42,666 - [BARRY] AND THAT GETS EVALUATED AND IF YOU DON'T 429 00:21:42,666 --> 00:21:45,733 DO A GOOD JOB YOU GUYS'LL SAY NO TO US THE NEXT TIME. 430 00:21:45,733 --> 00:21:46,466 [KENT] YEP. 431 00:21:46,466 --> 00:21:49,566 WE SPENT TWO SUMMERS NOW, ONE IN PORTLAND PUTTING ON 432 00:21:49,566 --> 00:21:53,166 AN INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE TO JUST TO HELP PEOPLE GET 433 00:21:53,166 --> 00:21:55,966 THEIR MARKETING AND THE INFRASTRUCTURE 434 00:21:55,966 --> 00:21:58,600 MARKETING, TRANSPORTATION AND THINGS, IT'S AMAZING. 435 00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:00,466 WE WENT TO GUAM THIS SUMMER AND PUT ON THE SAME ONE 436 00:22:00,466 --> 00:22:04,400 FOR ALL THE ISLANDS, IT'S AMAZING THAT A LOT OF THE SAME 437 00:22:04,400 --> 00:22:07,900 TROUBLES THAT WE HAVE HERE IN THE MAINLAND THEY HAVE 438 00:22:07,900 --> 00:22:10,533 THERE IN A DIFFERENT SCALE BUT IT'S MARKETING, 439 00:22:10,533 --> 00:22:12,233 TRANSPORTATION THOSE TYPE OF THINGS. 440 00:22:12,233 --> 00:22:15,266 - [JACK] WHAT ARE SOME OF THE GRANTS THAT RESEARCHERS 441 00:22:15,266 --> 00:22:18,566 HERE IN MONTANA HAVE RECENTLY RECEIVED? 442 00:22:18,566 --> 00:22:21,466 - [KENT] YOU KNOW A LOT OF 'EM WILL BE A WHOLE SYSTEM 443 00:22:21,466 --> 00:22:25,766 AND IT'LL BE GROWING AN OIL SEED TO PRODUCE A VIABLE 444 00:22:25,766 --> 00:22:30,333 BIO-DIESEL TYPE OF SYSTEM, I'VE SEEN SOME CROPPING 445 00:22:30,333 --> 00:22:33,233 SYSTEMS, AGRI-NOMIC CROPPING SYSTEMS THAT COME THROUGH 446 00:22:33,233 --> 00:22:38,800 THAT HOW THEY ROTATE THE CROPS IN DIFFERENT WAYS THAT 447 00:22:38,800 --> 00:22:42,966 ENHANCES THE SOIL AND LIKE I SAY WHEN I'M, 448 00:22:42,966 --> 00:22:45,766 WHEN MONTANA COMES IN TO THE PICTURE I HAVE TO STEP 449 00:22:45,766 --> 00:22:48,933 OUT OF THE ROOM SO I CAN'T BE, I CAN'T BE IN THE ROOM WHEN 450 00:22:48,933 --> 00:22:51,866 THEY'RE DISCUSSING IT TOO MUCH, I CAN SEE THE END RESULT 451 00:22:51,866 --> 00:22:57,666 BUT MONTANA IS MAYBE NOT NEAR THE TOP 452 00:22:57,666 --> 00:23:01,400 BUT THEY'RE THERE, YOU KNOW, 453 00:23:01,400 --> 00:23:03,633 THEY'RE NOT AT THE BOTTOM FOR THE AMOUNT OF GRANTS 454 00:23:03,633 --> 00:23:06,033 AND IT JUST, IT JUST TAKES A PROCESS AND IT'S A LITTLE 455 00:23:06,033 --> 00:23:07,266 TOUGHER PROCESS. 456 00:23:07,266 --> 00:23:10,133 - [JACK] YOU KNOW I THINK I READ ABOUT ONE WHERE SOIL 457 00:23:10,133 --> 00:23:13,300 AND THE ANIMAL AND RANGE SCIENCE DEPARTMENT GOT A BIG 458 00:23:13,300 --> 00:23:16,200 GRANT TO LOOK AT SAGE GROUSE AND GRAZING PRACTICES. 459 00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:16,966 - [KENT] THEY DID. 460 00:23:16,966 --> 00:23:18,633 - [JACK] AND, YOU KNOW, SAGE GROUSE ARE DEFINITELY 461 00:23:18,633 --> 00:23:21,033 AN, I WON'T SAY AN ENDANGERED SPECIES, THAT'S 462 00:23:21,033 --> 00:23:23,933 THE WRONG TERM BUT A THREATENED SPECIES. 463 00:23:23,933 --> 00:23:24,966 - [KENT] IT IS. 464 00:23:24,966 --> 00:23:26,766 - [JACK] AND THE GRAZING PRACTICES I THINK THAT'S A GREAT 465 00:23:26,766 --> 00:23:28,966 GRANT THAT THEY COULD DO. 466 00:23:28,966 --> 00:23:30,900 - [KENT] THERE WAS ANOTHER ONE AFTER THE FIRES IN 467 00:23:30,900 --> 00:23:34,066 THE ROUND-UP AREA THERE THAT THEY GOT A REALLY NICE GRANT 468 00:23:34,066 --> 00:23:38,300 TO STUDY OF HOW THAT GROUND COMES BACK. 469 00:23:38,300 --> 00:23:40,233 - [JACK] OKAY. 470 00:23:40,233 --> 00:23:42,800 TOBY, QUICKLY, WHAT KIND OF GRASS SHOULD I PLANT FOR 471 00:23:42,800 --> 00:23:45,833 A NEW LAWN THIS FALL OR IS IT TOO LATE TO PLANT A NEW LAWN? 472 00:23:45,833 --> 00:23:48,933 - [TOBY] UM, IT'S NOT TOO LATE TO SEED, I WOULD WAIT 473 00:23:48,933 --> 00:23:52,200 JUST A LITTLE BIT UNTIL WE'RE GONNA GET THE SNOW COVER AND 474 00:23:52,200 --> 00:23:55,500 TRY TO SEED RIGHT BEFORE SNOW COVER, HOWEVER, I USUALLY 475 00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:58,400 WOULD JUST WAIT UNTIL SPRING AT THIS POINT. 476 00:23:58,400 --> 00:23:59,200 - [JACK] BLUE GRASS? 477 00:23:59,200 --> 00:24:00,566 - [TOBY] YEAH, KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS IS THE INDUSTRY STANDARD 478 00:24:00,566 --> 00:24:02,766 UNLESS YOU WANT TO GO WITH SOMETHING A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT 479 00:24:02,766 --> 00:24:03,666 BUT ONE OF THE THINGS-- 480 00:24:03,666 --> 00:24:04,566 - [JACK] NOT ZOYSIA? 481 00:24:04,566 --> 00:24:06,100 - [TOBY] NOT ZOYSIA GRASS, NO. 482 00:24:06,100 --> 00:24:06,966 - [JACK] OKAY. 483 00:24:06,966 --> 00:24:07,933 - [TOBY] I DO TELL PEOPLE THERE'S REALLY, I MEAN THERE'S 484 00:24:07,933 --> 00:24:09,766 A LOT OF OPTIONS OUT THERE BUT THERE'S NOTHING THAT REALLY 485 00:24:09,766 --> 00:24:13,500 YOU KNOW OUT THAT'S TAKES THE PLACE OF KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS. 486 00:24:13,500 --> 00:24:14,200 - [JACK] ALL RIGHT. 487 00:24:14,200 --> 00:24:16,466 - [BARRY] RIGHT, YOU KNOW, I'M GONNA JUST STEP IN 'CAUSE 488 00:24:16,466 --> 00:24:19,200 WE GET A LOT OF YARDS THAT HAVE MIXED SHADE AND OTHER 489 00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:21,266 THINGS, BLUE GRASS DOESN'T DO WELL IN SHADE. 490 00:24:21,266 --> 00:24:22,366 - [TOBY] NO, IT DOESN'T. 491 00:24:22,366 --> 00:24:25,033 - [BARRY] AND I WOULD REALLY SOMEBODY'S GONNA SEED SOMETHING 492 00:24:25,033 --> 00:24:28,600 USE A MIXTURE OF THE FINE FESCUES AND BLUE GRASSES AND 493 00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:32,700 LET NATURE SORT OUT WHAT'S GONNA BE PREDOMINANT BASED 494 00:24:32,700 --> 00:24:36,233 ON THE GROWING CONDITIONS IN THAT PARTICULAR LAWN. 495 00:24:36,233 --> 00:24:37,866 - [TOBY] YEAH, YOU'RE LOOKING AT YOU KNOW PROBABLY 496 00:24:37,866 --> 00:24:43,666 60%-65% KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS, PROBABLY 30% FINE FESCUE 497 00:24:43,666 --> 00:24:46,200 IN A SUNNY SITUATION, IN A SHADED SITUATION IT'S GONNA 498 00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:49,933 REVERSE, YOU'RE PROBABLY LOOKING ABOUT 65% FINE FESCUE 499 00:24:49,933 --> 00:24:51,466 AND ABOUT 30% KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS. 500 00:24:51,466 --> 00:24:52,700 - [BARRY] IF YOU SEED THAT, SEED A MIXTURE 501 00:24:52,700 --> 00:24:53,933 IT'LL SORT ITSELF OUT. 502 00:24:53,933 --> 00:24:55,666 - [TOBY] YEAH AND EVERYBODY'S WONDERING WHERE'S THE OTHER 503 00:24:55,666 --> 00:24:58,966 5% THAT'S PROBABLY PERENNIAL RAG GRASS, THE ONLY REASON THEY 504 00:24:58,966 --> 00:25:01,300 REALLY PUT THAT IN THERE IS BECAUSE IT GERMINATES IN ONE 505 00:25:01,300 --> 00:25:04,333 TO TWO DAYS SO YOU SEE, "AH, I HAVE A GRASS COMING UP." 506 00:25:04,333 --> 00:25:05,200 (LAUGHING) 507 00:25:05,200 --> 00:25:06,800 WHEREAS EVERYTHING ELSE TAKES ABOUT THREE OR FOUR WEEKS. 508 00:25:06,800 --> 00:25:08,266 - [KENT] THAT WORKS. 509 00:25:08,266 --> 00:25:10,800 - [JACK] BOB, THIS QUESTION CAME IN FROM SHOTO, 510 00:25:10,800 --> 00:25:15,933 THEY WANT TO KNOW FIRST IS A CONSERVATION EASEMENT FOREVER 511 00:25:15,933 --> 00:25:19,733 OR CAN YOU PUT A TIME LIMIT ON IT, SAY 10-20 YEARS? 512 00:25:19,733 --> 00:25:22,466 - [BOB] TYPICALLY THEY'RE PERPETUAL, THEY'RE PERMANENT. 513 00:25:22,466 --> 00:25:23,200 - [JACK] OKAY. 514 00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:26,500 - [BOB] THERE ARE SOME PROGRAMS WE CLASSIFY THOSE MORE AS 515 00:25:26,500 --> 00:25:30,133 A LONGTERM LEASE SIMILAR TO CRP, CRP WOULD BE AN EXCELLENT 516 00:25:30,133 --> 00:25:34,333 EXAMPLE OF A 10 TO 15 YEAR PROGRAM THAT YOU COULD PUT YOUR 517 00:25:34,333 --> 00:25:37,166 LAND INTO AND THEN GET IT OUT. 518 00:25:37,166 --> 00:25:41,000 WETLAND RESERVE EASEMENT IS ONE THROUGH USDA 519 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:45,166 THROUGH THE NRCS OFFICE AND THEY HAVE A 30 YEAR OPTION 520 00:25:45,166 --> 00:25:47,866 ON THAT SO YOU WOULD HAVE A THEORETICALLY IF YOU PUT 521 00:25:47,866 --> 00:25:51,233 IT IN AND YOU WERE MAYBE IN YOUR 30S OR 40S YOU WOULD 522 00:25:51,233 --> 00:25:54,200 HAVE ANOTHER OPTION TO EITHER RENEW THAT DOWN THE LINE 523 00:25:54,200 --> 00:25:57,000 OR DO SOMETHING ELSE WITH THAT LAND. 524 00:25:57,000 --> 00:25:59,700 - [JACK] OKAY, TO CARRY THAT FURTHER THEY WOULD ALSO LIKE 525 00:25:59,700 --> 00:26:02,300 TO KNOW IF THERE'S A PRICE DIFFERENCE IF YOU JUST SELL 526 00:26:02,300 --> 00:26:06,266 THE PROPERTY OR IF YOU GET AN EASEMENT INSTEAD. 527 00:26:06,266 --> 00:26:09,933 - [BOB] YEAH, TYPICALLY AS WE'RE FINDING OUT WITH THE LAND 528 00:26:09,933 --> 00:26:13,566 THAT KENT'S LOOKING TO BUY THAT EASEMENTS DON'T ALWAYS HAVE 529 00:26:13,566 --> 00:26:16,766 A BIG IMPACT ON THE VALUE OF RANCH LAND BECAUSE YOU'RE 530 00:26:16,766 --> 00:26:20,200 BASICALLY TAKING RANCH LAND AND YOU'RE ELIMINATING THAT 531 00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:25,100 OPTION TO CROP IT DOWN THE LINE SO IN THE CASE AND WE WENT 532 00:26:25,100 --> 00:26:29,366 INTO THE LAST FARM BILL OUR MANTRA WAS "FARM THE BEST, 533 00:26:29,366 --> 00:26:32,900 "CONSERVE THE REST" MEANING RANCH GROUND TRY 534 00:26:32,900 --> 00:26:36,866 TO KEEP WHAT REALLY IS MEANT TO BE IN NATIVE PASTURE 535 00:26:36,866 --> 00:26:39,566 OR IN OTHER GRASSES, KEEP THAT IN GRASSLAND AND FARM 536 00:26:39,566 --> 00:26:42,866 THE QUALITY GROUND THAT REALLY GOES TOWARDS, 537 00:26:42,866 --> 00:26:44,833 IS CONDUCIVE TO ROW CROPS. 538 00:26:44,833 --> 00:26:46,300 - [JACK] YOU KNOW, WE'LL GET BACK TO THE FARM BILL AND HOW 539 00:26:46,300 --> 00:26:49,133 THAT IMPACTS CONSERVATION AND PRODUCTION HERE IN 540 00:26:49,133 --> 00:26:51,100 A LITTLE BIT 'CAUSE THERE IS A QUESTION IN HERE ON THAT 541 00:26:51,100 --> 00:26:55,600 BUT I WANT TO THROW THIS ONE OUT FOR BOTH BARRY AND KENT, 542 00:26:55,600 --> 00:26:59,966 WITH RAIN CAUSING SPROUTING AND LOW FALLING NUMBERS ARE 543 00:26:59,966 --> 00:27:02,566 THERE STORAGE PROBLEMS ON THE HORIZON? 544 00:27:02,566 --> 00:27:06,700 IS THE QUESTION AND # 2, KENT OR BARRY, CAN YOU EXPLAIN 545 00:27:06,700 --> 00:27:12,600 WHAT FALLING NUMBERS ARE FOR THE AUDIENCE. 546 00:27:12,600 --> 00:27:17,566 - [BARRY] FALLING NUMBERS AS I UNDERSTAND IT IS IF IT'S 547 00:27:17,566 --> 00:27:20,933 ABOVE 300 AND SOMETIMES THEY GO UP TO AROUND 400 548 00:27:20,933 --> 00:27:24,400 THIS WILL MEAN THAT YOU'VE GOT VERY GOOD GLUTEN STRENGTH 549 00:27:24,400 --> 00:27:27,766 IN YOUR DOUGH THAT YOU'RE GONNA MAKE FROM YOUR FLOUR. 550 00:27:27,766 --> 00:27:31,200 IF IT'S VERY LOW THAT SEED HAS ALREADY STARTED TO GERMINATE 551 00:27:31,200 --> 00:27:34,066 AND IT'S USED UP SOME OF THAT AND IT RELEASES SOME ENZYMES 552 00:27:34,066 --> 00:27:38,333 DIASTASE AND SOME OTHER THINGS AND SO YOU'RE NOT GONNA GET 553 00:27:38,333 --> 00:27:40,266 THE RISE IN THE DOUGH, YOU'RE NOT GONNA GET THE GLUTEN 554 00:27:40,266 --> 00:27:43,800 STRENGTH, IT'S NOT AS GOOD FOR THOSE THINGS AND 555 00:27:43,800 --> 00:27:48,066 UNFORTUNATELY WE HAD THOSE LATE AUGUST RAINS 556 00:27:48,066 --> 00:27:51,866 EARLY SEPTEMBER CAME JUST AT THE WRONG TIME, 557 00:27:51,866 --> 00:27:53,266 GOT A LOT OF SPROUT DAMAGE. 558 00:27:53,266 --> 00:27:55,866 ANYTIME THAT YOU CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE SEED COAT. 559 00:27:55,866 --> 00:27:56,600 - [KENT] YEAH. 560 00:27:56,600 --> 00:28:00,100 - [BARRY] YOU'RE GONNA GET INCREASED MOLD DAMAGE 561 00:28:00,100 --> 00:28:02,900 AND, JACK, WE HARVESTED A LOT OF GUYS UP IN HIS COUNTRY, 562 00:28:02,900 --> 00:28:05,100 WE'RE HARVESTING 18% MOISTURE WHEAT AND THEY 563 00:28:05,100 --> 00:28:07,866 DON'T ALL HAVE DRYING FLOORS IN THEIR BINS. 564 00:28:07,866 --> 00:28:09,200 - [KENT] NO, THEY DON'T. 565 00:28:09,200 --> 00:28:11,633 - [BARRY] AND YOU CANNOT STORE YOU MIGHT GET 566 00:28:11,633 --> 00:28:15,233 IF THE TEMPERATURE STAYED LOW WE MIGHT GET AWAY WITH 567 00:28:15,233 --> 00:28:18,466 IT COME SPRING THOUGH IT'S GONNA BE A MESS SO IF YOU 568 00:28:18,466 --> 00:28:22,100 GOT SOME HIGH MOISTURE WHEAT, GET IT DRIED DOWN AS BEST 569 00:28:22,100 --> 00:28:25,166 YOU CAN OR MAYBE MOVE IT TO SOMEPLACE WHERE IT CAN GET DRY. 570 00:28:25,166 --> 00:28:28,333 ONE OF THE THINGS I ALWAYS SAY IF WE GOT A 10,000 BUSHEL BIN 571 00:28:28,333 --> 00:28:32,133 OUT THERE, IF I HAD 80 $1,000 BILLS OUT THERE ON 572 00:28:32,133 --> 00:28:35,066 A CLOTHESPIN WITH A STRING, KENT'D BE OUT THERE REAL 573 00:28:35,066 --> 00:28:37,666 REGULAR TO SEE IF ALL 80 WERE THERE. 574 00:28:37,666 --> 00:28:38,300 - [KENT] YEP. 575 00:28:38,300 --> 00:28:39,900 - [BARRY] AND THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT YOU'VE GOT IN A BIN SO 576 00:28:39,900 --> 00:28:44,600 IF YOU'RE DETECTING ANY HEATING OR MUSTY ODORS THAT BIN 577 00:28:44,600 --> 00:28:47,100 REALLY NEEDS TO BE UNLOADED AND AERATED. 578 00:28:47,100 --> 00:28:50,333 - [KENT] AND WE ALL DID, WE ALL COMBINED A LOT OF WHEAT 579 00:28:50,333 --> 00:28:54,700 AT 18%, 16%, 15%, 14%, YOU KNOW, 14 1/2% AND WE HAVE 580 00:28:54,700 --> 00:28:58,433 BLOWERS IN SOME OF OUR BINS AND SOME NOT AND WE BROUGHT 581 00:28:58,433 --> 00:29:01,500 A LOT OF IT DOWN TO 13 1/2%-14% STILL GONNA BE SOME 582 00:29:01,500 --> 00:29:02,966 STORAGE PROBLEMS. 583 00:29:02,966 --> 00:29:03,500 - [JACK] YEP. 584 00:29:03,500 --> 00:29:05,200 - [KENT] YOU KNOW, WE'RE STILL GONNA HAVE TO GO IN ON THOSE 585 00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:08,000 COOL DAYS AND SUCK A COUPLE THOUSAND BUSHELS OUT OF IT AND 586 00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:11,333 MOVE IT TO MAKE SURE THERE'S NO SPOTS IN ALL THE BINS AND 587 00:29:11,333 --> 00:29:14,400 WITH THESE FALLING NUMBERS IT'S NOT ALL SALABLE AT THIS TIME 588 00:29:14,400 --> 00:29:17,033 WE'RE GONNA HAVE TO MIX AND MATCH AND SO IT IS GONNA, 589 00:29:17,033 --> 00:29:19,266 IT'S GONNA BE A VERY BIG PROBLEM. 590 00:29:19,266 --> 00:29:22,366 - [JACK] OKAY, I'D HEARD THAT AND WE'VE HAD THAT 591 00:29:22,366 --> 00:29:24,466 IN YEARS PAST OCCASIONALLY, TOO. 592 00:29:24,466 --> 00:29:28,300 TOBY, BRUSSELS SPROUTS WERE COVERED WITH APHIDS 593 00:29:28,300 --> 00:29:30,400 THIS YEAR WHAT CAN YOU DO NEXT YEAR TO PREVENT THE 594 00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:32,666 APHIDS OTHER THAN NOT GROW BRUSSELS SPROUTS? 595 00:29:32,666 --> 00:29:35,400 - [TOBY] YEAH, I WAS GONNA SAY DON'T GROW BRUSSELS SPROUTS, 596 00:29:35,400 --> 00:29:37,366 UM, THE APHIDS THAT ARE ON THOSE BRUSSELS SPROUTS, 597 00:29:37,366 --> 00:29:40,800 THE PROBLEM WITH THOSE IS THAT THEY ARE FAIRLY WAXY 598 00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:44,533 AND SO A LOT OF THE SOAPS AND WHAT-NOTS HAVE SOME 599 00:29:44,533 --> 00:29:47,233 CONTROL ON THEM BUT, MAN, YOU CAN SPRAY 'EM AND SPRAY 'EM, 600 00:29:47,233 --> 00:29:51,100 AND SPRAY 'EM, UM, WHAT I WOULD TRY TO DO IS FIRST ROTATE, 601 00:29:51,100 --> 00:29:55,233 TRY TO ENCOURAGE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AND THEN SOON AND DO 602 00:29:55,233 --> 00:29:57,900 A LOT OF SCOUTING BECAUSE ONCE YOU START SEEING THEM THAT'S 603 00:29:57,900 --> 00:30:01,000 THE TIME TO TAKE CONTROL BUT, YOU KNOW, YOUR INSECTICIDAL 604 00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:03,066 SOAPS ARE PROBABLY GOING TO HAVE TO MOVE INTO AND 605 00:30:03,066 --> 00:30:05,600 INSECTICIDE THAT'S A LITTLE BIT MORE POWERFUL. 606 00:30:05,600 --> 00:30:08,166 - [KENT] TOBY, I GOT A QUESTION, WE'VE HAD PEOPLE TAKE 607 00:30:08,166 --> 00:30:10,800 ORIENTAL MUSTARD MEAL AND THOSE TYPE OF THINGS AND 608 00:30:10,800 --> 00:30:13,633 PUT ON POTATOES AND BRUSSELS SPROUTS, CAN, WILL THAT 609 00:30:13,633 --> 00:30:15,300 CONTROL THE APHIDS? 610 00:30:15,300 --> 00:30:16,533 - [TOBY] BOY, I WOULDN'T HAVE A CLUE. 611 00:30:16,533 --> 00:30:19,000 - [KENT] YOU KNOW IT WILL AND THE BUGS AROUND BINS 612 00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:22,033 AND STUFF LIKE THAT IF YOU BUGS, WE WERE CRUSHERS AT ONE 613 00:30:22,033 --> 00:30:26,900 TIME IN MALTA AND WE CRUSHED SOME ORIENTAL MUSTARD SEED 614 00:30:26,900 --> 00:30:29,166 AND WHEW, YOU KNOW, YOU CAN'T DO ANYTHING WITH IT BUT 615 00:30:29,166 --> 00:30:33,166 I SPREAD IT AROUND HERE AND THERE AND THAT'S WHAT 616 00:30:33,166 --> 00:30:35,233 I WAS TOLD, THAT IS REALLY HELPS. 617 00:30:35,233 --> 00:30:37,800 - [JACK] SOUNDS LIKE A GOOD SARE PROJECT TO ME. 618 00:30:37,800 --> 00:30:38,566 (LAUGHING) 619 00:30:38,566 --> 00:30:39,433 - [KENT] NOT FOR ME. 620 00:30:39,433 --> 00:30:41,766 - [BARRY] THE OTHER THING I THINK THAT PEOPLE REALLY GET 621 00:30:41,766 --> 00:30:44,500 THEMSELVES IN TROUBLE WHEN THEY BUY THEIR SEEDLING BRUSSELS 622 00:30:44,500 --> 00:30:47,700 SPROUTS OR IF THEY RAISE THEIR OWN VERY OFTEN YOU'RE MOVING 623 00:30:47,700 --> 00:30:51,666 THOSE APHIDS FROM WHERE THOSE PLANTLETS ARE GROWN TO YOUR 624 00:30:51,666 --> 00:30:55,533 GARDEN AND, YOU KNOW, A THUMB AND A FOREFINGER SEARCH 'EM 625 00:30:55,533 --> 00:30:59,433 OUT AND SQUASH ALL THOSE APHIDS YOU'RE GONNA BE, START OUT 626 00:30:59,433 --> 00:31:02,100 WITH CLEAN PLANTS YOU'RE GONNA TEND TO KEEP CLEAN PLANTS. 627 00:31:02,100 --> 00:31:04,233 - [JACK] YOU KNOW, THEY EAT FINE, TOO. 628 00:31:04,233 --> 00:31:08,200 IF YOU LIKE BRUSSELS SPROUTS. 629 00:31:08,200 --> 00:31:13,966 OKAY, KENT, THIS PERSON ACTUALLY FROM SHERIDAN COUNTY 630 00:31:13,966 --> 00:31:16,966 HAS HEARD OF THE MISSOURI COTEAU THEY WOULD LIKE 631 00:31:16,966 --> 00:31:20,100 AN EXPLANATION WHAT THE MISSOURI COTEAU IS. 632 00:31:20,100 --> 00:31:21,766 - [KENT] OKAY, YOU? 633 00:31:21,766 --> 00:31:25,166 - [BOB] I'LL GO AHEAD AND ANSWER THAT, MISSOURI COTEAU 634 00:31:25,166 --> 00:31:28,733 IS ACTUALLY THE EXTENT OF THE LAST GLACIATION THAT MOVED 635 00:31:28,733 --> 00:31:32,266 DOWN GENERALLY FROM THE HUDSON BAY AREA 7,000 YEARS 636 00:31:32,266 --> 00:31:36,066 AGO IT STARTED TO RECEDE AND IT LEFT THAT REAL HILLY 637 00:31:36,066 --> 00:31:40,666 TERMINAL MORAIN IS THE TECHNICAL TERM BUT WHAT WE 638 00:31:40,666 --> 00:31:43,133 REFER TO IT NOW AS A PRAIRIE POTHOLE REGION SO THAT 639 00:31:43,133 --> 00:31:47,133 EXTENDS FROM PRAIRIE, CANADA JUST TOUCHES SHERIDAN COUNTY 640 00:31:47,133 --> 00:31:51,033 NORTHEAST CORNER OF SHERIDAN COUNTY IN MONTANA AND EXTENDS 641 00:31:51,033 --> 00:31:54,433 ALL THE WAY THROUGH NORTH AND SOUTH DAKOTA BUT IT'S SOME OF 642 00:31:54,433 --> 00:31:58,000 THE BEST PRAIRIE POTHOLE AND SUBSEQUENTLY SOME OF THE BEST 643 00:31:58,000 --> 00:32:00,833 DUCK BREEDING HABITAT IN THE WORLD. 644 00:32:00,833 --> 00:32:02,833 - [JACK] AND IT'S ALSO PRETTY GOOD GRAZING LAND, ISN'T IT? 645 00:32:02,833 --> 00:32:05,000 - [BOB] VERY GOOD GRAZING LAND AND TYPICALLY VERY POOR 646 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:06,100 CROP GROUND. 647 00:32:06,100 --> 00:32:06,766 - [JACK] YEAH. 648 00:32:06,766 --> 00:32:09,033 - [BOB] VERY ROCKY BECAUSE OF ALL THOSE MATERIALS 649 00:32:09,033 --> 00:32:11,033 THAT HAVE BEEN PUSHED DOWN BY THE GLACIER. 650 00:32:11,033 --> 00:32:12,633 - [BARRY] YOU KNOW ONE OF THE THINGS, AND I THINK GETS 651 00:32:12,633 --> 00:32:15,433 LEFT OUT WHEN YOU, BOB, YOU'RE WITH DUCKS UNLIMITED AND 652 00:32:15,433 --> 00:32:18,133 I DO STUFF WITH ELK FOUNDATION, OH YOU GUYS JUST 653 00:32:18,133 --> 00:32:21,200 WANT MORE THINGS TO HUNT, WHEN WE CONSERVE LAND 654 00:32:21,200 --> 00:32:24,666 LIKE THIS IT HELPS ALL OF THE WILDLIFE. 655 00:32:24,666 --> 00:32:26,066 - [BOB] ABSOLUTELY. 656 00:32:26,066 --> 00:32:27,433 - [BARRY] AND YOU GO UP TO MEDICINE LAKE AND LOOK AT THE 657 00:32:27,433 --> 00:32:29,033 DIVERSITY OF BIRDS UP THERE. 658 00:32:29,033 --> 00:32:29,666 - [BOB] YEAH 659 00:32:29,666 --> 00:32:30,733 - [BARRY] IT'S JUST INCREDIBLE. 660 00:32:30,733 --> 00:32:31,933 - [KENT] YES. 661 00:32:31,933 --> 00:32:33,666 - [JACK] YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE CRITICISMS OF A LOT OF 662 00:32:33,666 --> 00:32:36,833 WILDLIFE AGENCIES RECEIVE IS THAT MOST OF THE MONEY THAT 663 00:32:36,833 --> 00:32:41,433 THEY GET IS ACTUALLY USED TO PAY ADMINISTRATORS AND PEOPLE 664 00:32:41,433 --> 00:32:45,066 THAT WORK FOR 'EM, I THINK MANY OF THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION 665 00:32:45,066 --> 00:32:49,133 AGENCIES DO NOT, BOB, YOU CAN, WHAT DOES DU PUT 666 00:32:49,133 --> 00:32:51,133 INTO ACTUAL CONSERVATION PROGRAMS? 667 00:32:51,133 --> 00:32:55,366 - [BOB] DUCKS UNLIMITED, WE PUT ABOUT 80¢ TO 81¢ GIVEN 668 00:32:55,366 --> 00:33:00,200 ANY PARTICULAR YEAR ON THE GROUND INTO CONSERVATION 669 00:33:00,200 --> 00:33:02,800 SO THAT'S ONE OF THE HIGHEST IN THE NATION OF ALL THE 670 00:33:02,800 --> 00:33:06,533 CONSERVATION GROUPS ONE OF THE BEST INVESTMENTS IS ACTUALLY 671 00:33:06,533 --> 00:33:09,166 THE FEDERAL DUCK STAMP THAT ALL HUNTERS ARE REQUIRED 672 00:33:09,166 --> 00:33:14,166 TO PURCHASE TO HUNT WATERFOWL AND THAT'S ACTUALLY UP IN THE 673 00:33:14,166 --> 00:33:17,100 90% RANGE WHICH, YOU KNOW YOU ALWAYS KIND OF HAVE THIS 674 00:33:17,100 --> 00:33:20,333 STEREOTYPE OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS BEING INEFFICIENT, THAT ONE 675 00:33:20,333 --> 00:33:24,400 IS VERY, VERY EFFICIENT AND THEN ONCE WE GET THOSE DOLLARS, 676 00:33:24,400 --> 00:33:27,933 TYPICALLY WITH DUCKS UNLIMITED WE'LL TRY TO LEVERAGE THAT 677 00:33:27,933 --> 00:33:30,566 AND THAT MEANS WRITING GRANTS, LOOKING FOR DIFFERENT FEDERAL 678 00:33:30,566 --> 00:33:33,700 AND STATE SOURCES TO LEVERAGE THOSE FUNDS AND A LOT OF TIMES 679 00:33:33,700 --> 00:33:37,366 THAT DOLLAR THAT'S DONATED TO DUCKS UNLIMITED THROUGH 680 00:33:37,366 --> 00:33:40,433 A BANQUET OR THROUGH OTHER, OTHER SOURCES WE'LL TURN 681 00:33:40,433 --> 00:33:43,833 THAT INTO FOUR, FIVE IN SOME CASES 10 DOLLARS, 682 00:33:43,833 --> 00:33:47,000 WE'VE GOT SOME FARM BILL BIOLOGISTS RIGHT NOW IN THE 683 00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:52,200 STATE THAT WORK TO HELP USDA AND NRCS DELIVER PROGRAMS 684 00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:55,466 LIKE WETLAND RESERVE PROGRAMS LIKE CONSERVATION RESERVE 685 00:33:55,466 --> 00:33:59,366 PROGRAM, ANYTHING THEY NEED WE'RE OUT THERE TO HELP AND 686 00:33:59,366 --> 00:34:02,400 IT'S A WIN/WIN, IT'S A WIN FOR THE LANDOWNER AND IT'S A WIN 687 00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:06,966 FOR USDA FOLKS IN THE COUNTY OFFICES AND ALSO FOR THE FOLKS 688 00:34:06,966 --> 00:34:09,233 THAT ENJOY WILDLIFE. 689 00:34:09,233 --> 00:34:12,333 - [JACK] YEAH, I REALLY HAVE BEEN IMPRESSED WITH HOW 690 00:34:12,333 --> 00:34:16,033 THE CONSERVATION AGENCIES IN MONTANA, WHICH I'VE WORKED 691 00:34:16,033 --> 00:34:18,066 WITH SOME, HAVE DONE A GOOD JOB. 692 00:34:18,066 --> 00:34:20,500 BARRY, YOU WANT TO MENTION ANYTHING ABOUT THE 693 00:34:20,500 --> 00:34:21,900 ELK FOUNDATION AND HOW THEY...? 694 00:34:21,900 --> 00:34:24,200 - [BARRY] AH, YOU KNOW, WE'RE IN A SIMILAR FASHION, 695 00:34:24,200 --> 00:34:26,266 I THINK WE'RE A LITTLE BIT HIGHER ON OUR, WE GOT A LITTLE 696 00:34:26,266 --> 00:34:29,433 MORE VOLUNTEER STAFF AND FEWER PROFESSIONAL STAFF BUT 697 00:34:29,433 --> 00:34:33,300 YOU KNOW WHEN YOU'RE DOING 85 TO 90 PLUS PERCENT OF 698 00:34:33,300 --> 00:34:37,833 YOUR DONATED MONEY GOES FOR WORK ON THE GROUND 699 00:34:37,833 --> 00:34:40,966 AND THEN IT GETS MAGNIFIED THAT'S INCREDIBLE. 700 00:34:40,966 --> 00:34:44,633 THE OTHER THING IS LANDOWNERS THEY GET INVOLVED. 701 00:34:44,633 --> 00:34:48,000 THEY'RE MAKING A DONATION IN TIME AND OTHER THINGS 702 00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:50,733 TO LEAVE THAT LAND FOR THEIR GRANDCHILDREN BETTER 703 00:34:50,733 --> 00:34:52,433 THAN THEY'VE GOT IT. 704 00:34:52,433 --> 00:34:56,633 - [JACK] OKAY, LET'S MOVE ON, GREAT FALLS, IT'S 705 00:34:56,633 --> 00:34:59,733 COME IN TWICE SO YOU'RE GONNA HAVE TO ANSWER IT, 706 00:34:59,733 --> 00:35:03,300 BUNCH GRASS, PROBABLY QUAY GRASS AND THEY CAN'T 707 00:35:03,300 --> 00:35:06,300 GET RID OF IT WITHOUT KILLING THEIR LAWN, IS THAT CORRECT? 708 00:35:06,300 --> 00:35:08,566 - [TOBY] YES, YOU WOULD HAVE TO PROBABLY USE A BROAD 709 00:35:08,566 --> 00:35:13,166 SPECTRUM HERBICIDE SUCH AS GLYPHOSATE AND KILL IT OUT AND 710 00:35:13,166 --> 00:35:17,266 RESEED IF THAT IS, IN FACT, WHAT IT IS. 711 00:35:17,266 --> 00:35:19,900 JUST GOT A NEW REPORT OF CRAB GRASS THAT SHOWED 712 00:35:19,900 --> 00:35:24,166 UP IN A LOT OF PLACES IN RAVALLI COUNTY SO WHAT I WOULD 713 00:35:24,166 --> 00:35:26,966 DO IS PROBABLY GET THAT GRASS IDENTIFIED BECAUSE IF IT IS 714 00:35:26,966 --> 00:35:30,166 A CRAB GRASS THERE ARE HERBICIDES THAT 715 00:35:30,166 --> 00:35:31,033 - [JACK] OKAY. 716 00:35:31,033 --> 00:35:32,433 - [TOBY] IT COULD ALSO BE CRESTED WHEAT GRASS, 717 00:35:32,433 --> 00:35:34,266 SEE THAT A LOT OF TIMES IN LAWNS, IT'S A BIG BUNCH GRASS 718 00:35:34,266 --> 00:35:35,833 THAT SHOWS UP. 719 00:35:35,833 --> 00:35:38,633 - [JACK] ANOTHER QUICK QUESTION, WOUND TREATMENT 720 00:35:38,633 --> 00:35:41,866 FOR PRUNING INJURIES, DO YOU RECOMMEND IT OR NOT? 721 00:35:41,866 --> 00:35:43,200 - [TOBY] NO, NOT AT ALL. 722 00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:45,333 YOU'LL SEE THE PRODUCTS OUT THERE, USED TO BE SOMETHING WE 723 00:35:45,333 --> 00:35:47,800 DID YEARS, DECADES AGO. 724 00:35:47,800 --> 00:35:51,233 THE NEW RESEARCH IS TO JUST LEAVE IT ALONE. 725 00:35:51,233 --> 00:35:54,933 - [JACK] OKAY, BACK TO BOB AND KENT, QUESTION CAME IN 726 00:35:54,933 --> 00:36:00,000 FROM GREAT FALLS, THEY'VE HEARD THAT THE CRP ACRES 727 00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:03,466 HAVE BEEN VERY BENEFICIAL FOR ALL WILDLIFE. 728 00:36:03,466 --> 00:36:06,666 IS IT A WIN/WIN DO YOU THINK FOR BOTH PRODUCERS 729 00:36:06,666 --> 00:36:13,433 AND FOR THE CONSERVATION GROUPS? 730 00:36:13,433 --> 00:36:16,700 - [KENT] CRP? 731 00:36:16,700 --> 00:36:18,133 - [JACK] YOU'RE THINKING TOO HARD. 732 00:36:18,133 --> 00:36:21,300 - [KENT] WELL, IT, IT'S A WIN/WIN FOR CERTAIN AREAS, 733 00:36:21,300 --> 00:36:23,800 CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, YOU KNOW, IT'S REALLY HARD ON 734 00:36:23,800 --> 00:36:27,766 A LEGACY TO BRING MORE KIDS IN IF THERE'S NO LAND AVAILABLE. 735 00:36:27,766 --> 00:36:30,666 IF THAT JUST CONTINUES THROUGH THE FAMILY AFTER A DEATH, 736 00:36:30,666 --> 00:36:33,033 BUT A LOT OF IT'S BEEN, THE GOOD LAND'S BEEN TAKEN OUT 737 00:36:33,033 --> 00:36:36,266 AND IT'S BECOMING IN PRODUCTION AND WE HAVE SUCH 738 00:36:36,266 --> 00:36:39,233 NEW GOOD WAYS OF FARMING THAT THE CONSERVATION IS STILL 739 00:36:39,233 --> 00:36:43,266 THERE, IT ISN'T JUST IN A THING SO 740 00:36:43,266 --> 00:36:46,833 IT'S WIN/WIN BUT I THINK 741 00:36:46,833 --> 00:36:49,166 THERE'S OTHER WAYS THAT THEY CAN LOOK AT IT. 742 00:36:49,166 --> 00:36:51,200 IF IT'S PRODUCTIVE LAND GET IT OUT THERE AND PUT 743 00:36:51,200 --> 00:36:54,900 IT IN PRODUCTION 'CAUSE STALE LAND IS NOT GOOD FOR WILDLIFE 744 00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:58,533 IN MY POINT OF VIEW IS AS IT BECOMES STALE IT BECOMES 745 00:36:58,533 --> 00:37:02,100 JUST ISN'T GOOD FOR WILDLIFE, YOU KNOW, PRETTY SOON THEY'RE 746 00:37:02,100 --> 00:37:05,300 ALL IN OUR TREES, IN OUR HAYSTACKS, 747 00:37:05,300 --> 00:37:08,100 CRP 'CAUSE IT'S STALE SO, YOU KNOW, AND I THINK THEY'VE 748 00:37:08,100 --> 00:37:11,633 TRIED TO ADDRESS THAT SO I THINK THERE'S CIRCUMSTANCES 749 00:37:11,633 --> 00:37:15,200 WHERE IT'S GOOD AND BAD SO I WOULDN'T PUT A GOLD STAR 750 00:37:15,200 --> 00:37:16,300 ON A WIN/WIN. 751 00:37:16,300 --> 00:37:17,066 - [JACK] OKAY. 752 00:37:17,066 --> 00:37:19,100 - [BOB] AND I THINK NRCS HAS ADDRESSED THAT 753 00:37:19,100 --> 00:37:21,633 PRETTY EFFECTIVELY WITH WHAT THEY CALL A CONTINUOUS 754 00:37:21,633 --> 00:37:26,833 CRP SIGN-UP AND SAFE, S-A-F-E, SAFE CRP 755 00:37:26,833 --> 00:37:30,500 WHERE IT'S TARGETED FOR SPECIFIC WILDLIFE 756 00:37:30,500 --> 00:37:32,466 SPECIES IN CERTAIN AREAS, 757 00:37:32,466 --> 00:37:34,933 CERTAIN GEOGRAPHIC AREAS SO IT'S NOT BROAD BRUSH 758 00:37:34,933 --> 00:37:37,133 ACROSS THE STATE OF MONTANA, I THINK YOU'D AGREE, 759 00:37:37,133 --> 00:37:39,366 KENT, IF YOU'RE OUTSIDE SAY YOU'RE IN THE GOLDEN 760 00:37:39,366 --> 00:37:42,300 TRIANGLE AROUND GREAT FALLS WHICH I THINK THIS QUESTION 761 00:37:42,300 --> 00:37:45,966 CAME FROM GREAT FALLS AND TAKE GOOD WHEAT GROUND OUT 762 00:37:45,966 --> 00:37:48,433 OF PRODUCTION AND PUT A SMALL SEGMENT, 'CAUSE YOU CAN 763 00:37:48,433 --> 00:37:53,166 ACTUALLY GET, YOU CAN ATTRACT WILDLIFE INTO AN AREA SAY 764 00:37:53,166 --> 00:37:56,833 TO NEST AND, YOU KNOW, I KNOW DUCKS IF YOU ATTRACT THEM 765 00:37:56,833 --> 00:38:00,833 INTO A SMALL ENOUGH CHUNK OF HABITAT ON THE LANDSCAPE THAT'S 766 00:38:00,833 --> 00:38:04,200 BARREN ALL THE WAY AROUND YOU CAN ACTUALLY CREATE WHAT 767 00:38:04,200 --> 00:38:07,900 WE CALL A SINK OR A REDUCTION OF BIRD POPULATIONS JUST 768 00:38:07,900 --> 00:38:12,166 BECAUSE IT'S EASIER FOR A PREDATOR TO SEARCH THAT HABITAT 769 00:38:12,166 --> 00:38:13,533 AND FIND THOSE NESTS. 770 00:38:13,533 --> 00:38:14,366 - [KENT] YEP, ABSOLUTELY. 771 00:38:14,366 --> 00:38:15,566 - [BOB] SO YOU WANT TO WORK IN BIGGER BLOCKS 772 00:38:15,566 --> 00:38:17,166 AND THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WE LOOK AT FROM 773 00:38:17,166 --> 00:38:21,133 A MACRO SCALE, WHAT I REFER TO AS 30,000 FOOT PERSPECTIVE 774 00:38:21,133 --> 00:38:24,433 IS HEY, WHAT ROLE DOES THIS PARTICULAR AREA OF THE STATE 775 00:38:24,433 --> 00:38:29,600 PLAY IN, IN MY CASE, NORTH AMERICA'S WATERFOWL PRODUCTION. 776 00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:31,200 - [KENT] AND CROP PRODUCTION, TOO. 777 00:38:31,200 --> 00:38:31,833 - [BOB] YEAH. 778 00:38:31,833 --> 00:38:32,500 - [KENT] I AGREE. 779 00:38:32,500 --> 00:38:34,000 - [BOB] BUT WE HAVE GONE DOWN, I MEAN CRP 780 00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:39,900 I THINK WE TOPPED OUT IN 2006 AT 3.6 MILLION ACRES 781 00:38:39,900 --> 00:38:43,233 AND WE'RE DOWN BELOW 1.9 MILLION ACRES OF CRP 782 00:38:43,233 --> 00:38:46,000 NOW IN MONTANA AND THAT'S A HUGE LOSS WHEN 783 00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:49,566 YOU LOOK AT STARTING TO APPROACH 50% LOSS OF THAT 784 00:38:49,566 --> 00:38:51,300 TYPE OF GRASSLAND. 785 00:38:51,300 --> 00:38:52,433 - [TOBY] DO YOU THINK THAT THERE'S BEEN AN INCREASE 786 00:38:52,433 --> 00:38:54,900 IN WATERFOWL AND WILDLIFE POPULATIONS SINCE THEY'VE KIND 787 00:38:54,900 --> 00:38:58,733 OF CHANGED THE ORIGINAL CRP USED TO SEEM TO BE JUST 788 00:38:58,733 --> 00:39:02,133 CRESTED WHEAT GRASS AND YOU SAW THAT ALL ACROSS MONTANA 789 00:39:02,133 --> 00:39:05,600 AND NOW YOU SEE THAT, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE SEEING MORE 790 00:39:05,600 --> 00:39:09,333 SPECIES OF GRASSES AND FORBES IN THOSE MIXES BECAUSE 791 00:39:09,333 --> 00:39:12,366 IT'S COMPETITIVE, DO YOU SEE MORE WILDLIFE SHOWING UP 792 00:39:12,366 --> 00:39:15,233 IN THOSE AREAS BECAUSE OF THAT OR DO YOU THINK THAT IT'S 793 00:39:15,233 --> 00:39:16,566 JUST THE COVER? 794 00:39:16,566 --> 00:39:18,400 - [BOB] TYPICALLY, I THINK, IF YOU'VE GOT A GOOD MIX OF 795 00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:21,700 GRASSES BUT ONE OF THE THINGS THAT OVER THE LAST FEW 796 00:39:21,700 --> 00:39:24,966 YEARS, KENT'S TAUGHT ME, IS FROM A RANCHING PERSPECTIVE 797 00:39:24,966 --> 00:39:27,533 I KNOW WE'VE GOT SOME CRESTED WHEAT ON THE PROPERTY 798 00:39:27,533 --> 00:39:28,366 THAT YOU-- 799 00:39:28,366 --> 00:39:29,100 - [KENT] WE DO. 800 00:39:29,100 --> 00:39:31,333 - [BOB] GRAZE AND YOU ALWAYS SAY THAT'S A GOOD THING 801 00:39:31,333 --> 00:39:33,866 TO HAVE BECAUSE WHEN YOU FIRST TURN OUT WHAT USED TO BE 802 00:39:33,866 --> 00:39:37,200 YEARLINGS YOU COULD HIT THAT EARLY, IT GRAINS UP, THE FORAGE 803 00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:40,200 QUALITY IS PRETTY GOOD AND, I THINK, FROM A WILDLIFE 804 00:39:40,200 --> 00:39:43,866 PERSPECTIVE MORE IMPORTANTLY IS IT TAKES PRESSURE OFF 805 00:39:43,866 --> 00:39:47,666 YOUR NATIVES, THE NATIVES ARE ALLOWED TO GO TO SEED 806 00:39:47,666 --> 00:39:48,933 AND THEY'RE NOT HIT EARLY. 807 00:39:48,933 --> 00:39:51,166 AND, KENT, YOU'RE MORE OF AN EXPERT ON THAT THAN I AM. 808 00:39:51,166 --> 00:39:54,000 - [KENT] OH, I BELIEVE IN THAT ADAMANTLY, YOU KNOW, 809 00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:58,033 IN OUR COUNTRY IT'S ALMOST LATE MAY BEFORE WE START TO SEE 810 00:39:58,033 --> 00:40:02,533 THE WESTERN THOSE TYPE OF GRASSES START TO GREEN UP AND 811 00:40:02,533 --> 00:40:04,266 GET TO WHERE, YOU KNOW, YOU CAN'T GRAZE 'EM, I HAVE 812 00:40:04,266 --> 00:40:07,233 A THEORY, YOU HAVE TO LET IT GET BIG ENOUGH THAT YOU WON'T 813 00:40:07,233 --> 00:40:10,233 HURT IT, IF YOU GRAZE IT DOWN TO THE FLOOR YOU'LL NEVER, 814 00:40:10,233 --> 00:40:13,466 YOU'LL HURT THAT GROUND ALL THE TIME AND SO WE, WE DO 815 00:40:13,466 --> 00:40:14,900 HAVE SOME CRESTED WHEAT GRASS. 816 00:40:14,900 --> 00:40:18,400 IT'S OLD FARM GROUND THAT WAS SEEDED IN 40 YEARS AGO 817 00:40:18,400 --> 00:40:21,133 INTO CRESTED, IT'S NOT AS PRODUCTIVE AS IT USED TO BE 818 00:40:21,133 --> 00:40:23,700 BUT I THINK WE CAN WORK THROUGH IT, THE EASEMENT IS 819 00:40:23,700 --> 00:40:25,766 DETRIMENT THAT WE CAN'T GO IN AND TEAR IT UP AND 820 00:40:25,766 --> 00:40:28,866 RE-SEED IT, WE NEED TO, WE NEED TO DO IT A DIFFERENT 821 00:40:28,866 --> 00:40:31,166 WAY AND WE'LL FIND A DIFFERENT WAY TO DO THAT BUT IT 822 00:40:31,166 --> 00:40:33,933 DOES TAKE PRESSURE OFF OF THAT AND LEAVE THE NATIVE 823 00:40:33,933 --> 00:40:36,966 GROUND IN THOSE POTHOLES AROUND THOSE POTHOLES, 824 00:40:36,966 --> 00:40:39,700 'CAUSE MOST OF THIS GROUND IS NOT POTHOLED GROUND 825 00:40:39,700 --> 00:40:43,566 AND IT'LL LEAVE THAT GROUND TO WHERE THEY CAN DO THEIR 826 00:40:43,566 --> 00:40:46,466 NESTING AND THE CATTLE REALLY DON'T EVEN HIT THAT AREA 827 00:40:46,466 --> 00:40:50,133 VERY MUCH SO IT, I THINK IT'S A GOOD THING. 828 00:40:50,133 --> 00:40:53,300 WE NEED COOL AND WARM SEASON GRASSES IN OUR COUNTRY 829 00:40:53,300 --> 00:40:56,033 AND THEN WE TRY TO GET OFF AS QUICK AS WE CAN IN THE FALL 830 00:40:56,033 --> 00:40:58,366 SO THAT WE CAN GET THOSE CATTLE OFF OF THERE, TOO, TO LEAVE 831 00:40:58,366 --> 00:41:01,700 AT LEAST AT 30-50% RESIDUAL AND THAT'S GOOD 832 00:41:01,700 --> 00:41:05,300 FOR THE HABITAT, WE'VE, I'VE LEARNED A LOT FROM BOB, TOO. 833 00:41:05,300 --> 00:41:07,066 - [BARRY] THE OLD SAYING "TAKE HALF, LEAVE HALF." 834 00:41:07,066 --> 00:41:08,200 - [KENT] THAT'S, EXACTLY. 835 00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:09,266 - [JACK] SOUNDS GOOD. 836 00:41:09,266 --> 00:41:10,933 - [KENT] THOSE WHO DON'T DO IT THE NEXT YEAR 837 00:41:10,933 --> 00:41:13,766 IT, YOU CAN'T GRAZE IT AS WELL. 838 00:41:13,766 --> 00:41:15,333 - [BARRY] THAT'S EXACTLY RIGHT. 839 00:41:15,333 --> 00:41:17,266 - [JACK] OKAY, LET'S MOVE OVER TO BARRY, 840 00:41:17,266 --> 00:41:19,733 ANOTHER QUESTION FROM SHOTO, HOW OFTEN 841 00:41:19,733 --> 00:41:22,133 DO THEY NEED TO ROTATE THEIR POTATO PATCH 842 00:41:22,133 --> 00:41:25,200 AND WHAT WOULD YOU SUGGEST THEY ROTATE WITH? 843 00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:28,200 - [BARRY] WELL, POTATO IS A MEMBER OF THE PLANT 844 00:41:28,200 --> 00:41:32,300 FAMILY SOLANACEAE, SO TOMATOES, EGGPLANTS, PEPPERS 845 00:41:32,300 --> 00:41:35,700 ARE IN THAT FAMILY SO YOU CAN ROTATE WITH ANY OTHER 846 00:41:35,700 --> 00:41:40,133 VEGETABLE CROP, THE CUCURBITACEAE, YOUR SQUASHES OR 847 00:41:40,133 --> 00:41:46,066 CUCUMBERS, SPINACH IS A CHENOPODIACEAE, ANY OF THE 848 00:41:46,066 --> 00:41:50,333 LEGUMES ARE WONDERFUL AND IDEALLY YOU'D LIKE TO NOT 849 00:41:50,333 --> 00:41:52,333 HAVE POTATOES ON A PIECE OF GROUND MORE THAN ONCE 850 00:41:52,333 --> 00:41:55,966 IN THREE YEARS, THERE'S A NUMBER OF CELL-BORN DISEASES. 851 00:41:55,966 --> 00:41:58,266 THE OTHER REALLY IMPORTANT THING IS DON'T SAVE YOUR OWN 852 00:41:58,266 --> 00:42:02,533 POTATOES, BUY NEW CERTIFIED SEED THAT'S DISEASE FREE 853 00:42:02,533 --> 00:42:05,800 AND WITH A THREE YEAR ROTATION YOU'LL SEE THE BENEFITS. 854 00:42:05,800 --> 00:42:06,733 - [JACK] ABSOLUTELY. 855 00:42:06,733 --> 00:42:08,000 - [TOBY] WELL ANOTHER THING, TOO, IS IF YOU'RE GROWING 856 00:42:08,000 --> 00:42:10,900 POTATOES IN THE SAME SPOT YEAR AFTER YEAR YOU'RE DEPLETING 857 00:42:10,900 --> 00:42:13,966 THE NUTRIENTS, ESPECIALLY PHOSPHORUS IN THOSE SOILS 858 00:42:13,966 --> 00:42:16,300 AND THAT CAN BE AN ISSUE IN SOME GARDENS. 859 00:42:16,300 --> 00:42:17,833 - [BARRY] WELL, ONE OF THE THINGS A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK 860 00:42:17,833 --> 00:42:21,300 POTATOES ARE LIKE OTHER CROPS, THEY'RE DEEP ROOTED. 861 00:42:21,300 --> 00:42:23,800 THEY'RE GONNA BASICALLY GET THEIR WATER AND NUTRIENTS 862 00:42:23,800 --> 00:42:25,966 OUT OF ABOUT A FOOT OF SOIL. 863 00:42:25,966 --> 00:42:28,633 - [JACK] ON THAT NOTE, AND THE SARE PROGRAM, THERE WAS 864 00:42:28,633 --> 00:42:33,100 A THERE SARE GRANT TO SIGNED THIS YEAR AT MSU, DAVE SANDS, 865 00:42:33,100 --> 00:42:36,666 TO LOOK AT REDUCING THE GLYCEMIC INDEX WHICH SPIKES BLOOD 866 00:42:36,666 --> 00:42:40,733 PRESSURE AND THAT WAS A SARE GRANT WHAT, TWO, THREE YEARS 867 00:42:40,733 --> 00:42:41,700 AGO I BELIEVE. 868 00:42:41,700 --> 00:42:42,600 - [KENT] MAYBE FOUR OF FIVE YEARS AGO. 869 00:42:42,600 --> 00:42:44,133 - [JACK] FOUR OR FIVE YEARS AGO THERE'S-- 870 00:42:44,133 --> 00:42:45,100 - [BARRY] I'M ON THAT. 871 00:42:45,100 --> 00:42:45,933 - [JACK] IT'S INNOVATIVE. 872 00:42:45,933 --> 00:42:46,633 - [KENT] IT IS. 873 00:42:46,633 --> 00:42:48,200 - [BARRY] AND THAT HAS TO DO WITH STRAIGHT CHAIN STARCHES 874 00:42:48,200 --> 00:42:51,133 VERSUS BRANCH STARCHES, MOST POTATOES HAVE A STARCH 875 00:42:51,133 --> 00:42:54,000 THAT LOOKS LIKE THIS AND WE DIGEST STARCH FROM THE ENDS. 876 00:42:54,000 --> 00:42:54,733 - [JACK] YEAH. 877 00:42:54,733 --> 00:42:56,633 - [BARRY] IF IT'S ONE STRAIGHT CHAIN YOU CAN ONLY NIBBLE 878 00:42:56,633 --> 00:42:58,233 WITH THE ENDS. 879 00:42:58,233 --> 00:42:58,900 - [JACK] OKAY. 880 00:42:58,900 --> 00:43:01,100 - [BARRY] SO WE CAN ENJOY OUR POTATOES AND NOT PAY FOR IT. 881 00:43:01,100 --> 00:43:02,833 (LAUGHING) 882 00:43:02,833 --> 00:43:08,633 - [JACK] ALL RIGHT, TOBY, THIS REPORT CAME FROM BILLINGS, 883 00:43:08,633 --> 00:43:12,400 THEY'RE CONCERNED THAT THE EMERALD ASH BORER WILL BE 884 00:43:12,400 --> 00:43:15,700 IN THE STATE IN THE NEXT COUPLE YEARS, WHAT DO YOU THINK? 885 00:43:15,700 --> 00:43:17,600 - [TOBY] I DON'T THINK SO. 886 00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:19,366 THE ONLY WAY THAT I CAN REALLY SEE THAT COMING INTO 887 00:43:19,366 --> 00:43:23,033 MONTANA IS FROM FIREWOOD THAT IS MOVED FROM AN AREA 888 00:43:23,033 --> 00:43:26,366 THAT HAS GREEN ASH AND THAT GREEN ASH IS MOVED HERE, 889 00:43:26,366 --> 00:43:29,300 AND EVEN IF IT IS RIGHT NOW OUR RECOMMENDATION IS, IS NOT 890 00:43:29,300 --> 00:43:32,500 TO WORRY ABOUT IT AT THIS POINT IN TIME. 891 00:43:32,500 --> 00:43:35,766 UNTIL IT GETS INTO THE STATE, AGAIN, LOTS OF CONVERSATIONS 892 00:43:35,766 --> 00:43:38,900 AT THIS TREE SCHOOL THAT I WENT TO ABOUT TRYING TO PROTECT 893 00:43:38,900 --> 00:43:42,033 TREES AT THIS POINT IN TIME WHICH, YOU KNOW, I HAD TO 894 00:43:42,033 --> 00:43:45,000 SAY IT, IT'S KIND OF LIKE GIVING, YOU KNOW, CHEMOTHERAPY 895 00:43:45,000 --> 00:43:47,800 TO SOMEBODY THAT DOESN'T HAVE CANCER, YOU KNOW, TO TRY 896 00:43:47,800 --> 00:43:51,000 TO PREVENT CANCER, IT DOESN'T MAKE A WHOLE LOT OF SENSE 897 00:43:51,000 --> 00:43:53,666 AT THIS POINT IN TIME, SO EXTENSION'S RECOMMENDATION 898 00:43:53,666 --> 00:43:59,033 IS NOT TO TREAT FOR EMERALD ASH BORER, HOWEVER, YOU STILL 899 00:43:59,033 --> 00:44:02,200 CAN TREAT YOUR, FOR YOUR TREES, AND THAT WAS THE DISCUSSION 900 00:44:02,200 --> 00:44:06,133 FOR OTHER INSECTS THAT MAY HAVE SOME CONTROL FOR EMERALD ASH 901 00:44:06,133 --> 00:44:09,333 BORER IF IT COMES IN BUT I WOULDN'T ADVISE IT, IT'S. 902 00:44:09,333 --> 00:44:10,933 - [BARRY] WELL, I THINK WITH TREES, THOUGH, TOBY, THERE 903 00:44:10,933 --> 00:44:15,033 A LONG TERM THING, WE'RE TALKING 30, 40, 50 PLUS YEARS 904 00:44:15,033 --> 00:44:19,166 AND I LOOK AT, FOR EXAMPLE, THIRD STREET IN BOSEMAN, 905 00:44:19,166 --> 00:44:22,766 ASH, ASH, ASH, ASH, ASH, WE NEED TO HAVE A DIVERSITY. 906 00:44:22,766 --> 00:44:23,600 - [TOBY] YES. 907 00:44:23,600 --> 00:44:26,033 - [BARRY] IN DIVERSITY YOU HAVE STRENGTH, WE'VE GONE 908 00:44:26,033 --> 00:44:28,833 THROUGH IT WITH DUTCH ELM, ELM TREES. 909 00:44:28,833 --> 00:44:30,033 - [TOBY] CHESHIRE BORER. 910 00:44:30,033 --> 00:44:33,400 - [BARRY] A LOT OF DIFFERENT THINGS SO I THINK IF PEOPLE 911 00:44:33,400 --> 00:44:38,300 OR MUNICIPALITIES, FORESTERS AND WHAT NOT, PLANT A DIVERSITY 912 00:44:38,300 --> 00:44:40,600 OF THINGS THAT ARE ADAPTED TO THAT AREA. 913 00:44:40,600 --> 00:44:41,800 - [TOBY] WELL, AND I SHOULD ALSO SAY THAT WE HAVE 914 00:44:41,800 --> 00:44:44,766 FORESTER, URBAN FORESTERS THROUGHOUT MONTANA, 915 00:44:44,766 --> 00:44:47,233 WE'RE DOING A LOT OF TRAINING ON WHAT TO LOOK FOR. 916 00:44:47,233 --> 00:44:49,566 WE'RE HAVING THEM SEND IN SAMPLES SO THAT WE CAN TEST 917 00:44:49,566 --> 00:44:52,700 TO SEE WHETHER OR NOT WE ACTUALLY HAVE IT BECAUSE 918 00:44:52,700 --> 00:44:56,066 IN SOME OF THESE AREAS THEY EXPECT, OR SUSPECTED 919 00:44:56,066 --> 00:44:58,633 THAT THEY HAD EMERALD ASH BORER FOR FIVE OR TEN YEARS 920 00:44:58,633 --> 00:45:01,700 BEFORE THEY ACTUALLY FOUND IT AND SO WE ARE PROACTIVE 921 00:45:01,700 --> 00:45:04,700 OUT THERE IN THE STATE LOOKING FOR THIS AND I GUARANTEE 922 00:45:04,700 --> 00:45:08,366 YOU WHEN WE DO FIND IT YOU'LL BE THE FIRST TO KNOW. 923 00:45:08,366 --> 00:45:10,533 - [JACK] OKAY, EARLIER IN THE PROGRAM THE FARM BILL 924 00:45:10,533 --> 00:45:15,500 CAME UP AND WE MENTIONED THAT THERE WAS A PERCEIVED 925 00:45:15,500 --> 00:45:19,966 CONFLICT BETWEEN PRODUCERS MANY TIMES AND CONSERVATION 926 00:45:19,966 --> 00:45:23,900 PROGRAMS, THERE'S AN ISSUE WITH THE FARM BILL OR PART OF 927 00:45:23,900 --> 00:45:27,200 THE FARM BILL THAT COUPLES CONSERVATION COMPLIANCE TO THE 928 00:45:27,200 --> 00:45:31,200 AVAILABILITY OF SUBSIDIZED CROP INSURANCE AND I'M TOLD THAT 929 00:45:31,200 --> 00:45:36,900 90% OF THE PRODUCERS ARE UTILIZING SUBSIDIZED CROP 930 00:45:36,900 --> 00:45:40,166 INSURANCE BY MAINTAINING CONSERVATION COMPLIANCE. 931 00:45:40,166 --> 00:45:44,400 WHAT IS CONSERVATION COMPLIANCE? 932 00:45:44,400 --> 00:45:47,133 - [KENT] WELL, CONSERVATION COMPLIANCE, THEY CHANGE 933 00:45:47,133 --> 00:45:48,733 THE RULES ALL THE TIME. 934 00:45:48,733 --> 00:45:49,966 - [JACK] RIGHT. 935 00:45:49,966 --> 00:45:54,300 - [KENT] SO I THINK IT'S A LOT OF RECORD KEEPING, IT'S A LOT 936 00:45:54,300 --> 00:45:59,600 OF HERBICIDE PRODUCTION RECORDS THAT YOU KEEP, 937 00:45:59,600 --> 00:46:04,966 IT'S THE WAY YOU FARM AND THE WAY YOU 938 00:46:04,966 --> 00:46:10,200 TELL THE FSA OF HOW YOU FARM, IF YOU'RE CHEMFO, 939 00:46:10,200 --> 00:46:11,866 AND YOU KNOW RECREATION TILLAGE 940 00:46:11,866 --> 00:46:15,133 THOSE TYPE OF THINGS AND I THINK WE NEED TO EXTEND THAT 941 00:46:15,133 --> 00:46:17,733 A LITTLE FARTHER, I'VE BEEN TALKING, YOU KNOW, I'VE BEEN 942 00:46:17,733 --> 00:46:21,433 ON SARE, I'M OPEN TO A LOT OF THESE THINGS, OR HAVE 943 00:46:21,433 --> 00:46:24,766 AVAILABILITY TO THE COVER CROP CONFERENCES AND 944 00:46:24,766 --> 00:46:29,400 THINGS TO ENHANCE THIS LAND AND I AGREE THAT THEY'RE 945 00:46:29,400 --> 00:46:32,666 GONNA TRY TO PUSH US TO TAKE AWAY THAT SUBSIDY ON THE 946 00:46:32,666 --> 00:46:37,600 CROP INSURANCE AND IF THEY DO IT'S A HUGE DETRIMENT TO 947 00:46:37,600 --> 00:46:42,700 AGRICULTURE IN MONTANA, WE CAN GET RID OF THE OTHER 948 00:46:42,700 --> 00:46:45,766 SUBSIDIES AND THAT'S FINE, WE'LL PLAY OUR GAME, BUT THE 949 00:46:45,766 --> 00:46:49,166 CROP INSURANCE, WE'RE OUT THERE DOING A GOOD JOB 950 00:46:49,166 --> 00:46:51,900 OF FERTILITY, WE'RE OUT THERE PUTTING THE DOLLARS OF 951 00:46:51,900 --> 00:46:56,366 THE INPUTS IN THE LAND AND I THINK WITH THE COVER CROPS 952 00:46:56,366 --> 00:46:59,700 WITH THE CHEMFO, WITH THE ROTATIONS, I THINK THERE OUGHTA 953 00:46:59,700 --> 00:47:03,600 BE BONUS SYSTEM, A POINTS SYSTEM THAT WOULD ENHANCE THAT. 954 00:47:03,600 --> 00:47:06,333 THAT WOULD HELP YOU GO TOWARDS THE CROP INSURANCE. 955 00:47:06,333 --> 00:47:09,133 I'M NOT SURE THEY'VE GOT TO THAT POINT YET, BUT IT'S TIME 956 00:47:09,133 --> 00:47:10,400 TO DO THAT. 957 00:47:10,400 --> 00:47:11,800 - [JACK] OKAY. 958 00:47:11,800 --> 00:47:15,100 - [BOB] YEAH, THERE IS A PROVISION IN THE FARM BILL NOW 959 00:47:15,100 --> 00:47:18,633 CALLED THE SOD SAVER PROVISION AND, BASICALLY, 960 00:47:18,633 --> 00:47:21,800 THAT ADDRESSES THE BREAKING OUT OF NATIVE PRAIRIE 961 00:47:21,800 --> 00:47:24,333 AND A LOT OF FOLKS BELIEVE THAT, YOU KNOW, WE'VE BEEN 962 00:47:24,333 --> 00:47:28,500 ON THE LANDSCAPE FOR 150 YEARS IN MONTANA FARMING 963 00:47:28,500 --> 00:47:32,700 AND RANCHING, YOU KNOW, THE BEST LAND, IF THERE'S GOOD 964 00:47:32,700 --> 00:47:35,633 FARM LAND OUT THERE, IT'S PROBABLY ALREADY BEEN BROKEN 965 00:47:35,633 --> 00:47:38,800 OUT SO YOU'RE REALLY STARTING TO MAKE SOME DECISIONS 966 00:47:38,800 --> 00:47:43,100 TO FARM VERY MARGINAL, SEMI-PRODUCTIVE GROUND SO WHAT 967 00:47:43,100 --> 00:47:46,233 THE SOD SAVER PROVISION IN THE FARM BILL SAYS IS, 968 00:47:46,233 --> 00:47:48,500 "HEY, IT'S AMERICA. IT'S YOUR LAND, IF YOU WANT TO BREAK 969 00:47:48,500 --> 00:47:52,933 "IT OUT, DO IT," BUT DON'T DO IT WITH, YOU FOREGO CROP 970 00:47:52,933 --> 00:47:56,566 INSURANCE FOR A PERIOD OF TIME AND IN MY MIND THAT'S 971 00:47:56,566 --> 00:48:01,200 A LOT LIKE, WELL, IT FORCES A FARMER TO MAKE SOUND 972 00:48:01,200 --> 00:48:04,966 STEWARDSHIP DECISIONS ON THEIR LAND. 973 00:48:04,966 --> 00:48:08,300 IF YOU CAN DO IT WITHOUT CROP INSURANCE, GREAT. 974 00:48:08,300 --> 00:48:11,933 BUT IF YOU CAN'T, A LOT OF PEOPLE DON'T KNOW THAT 975 00:48:11,933 --> 00:48:15,066 THE AMERICAN TAXPAYER, IT'S BASICALLY THE FEDERAL 976 00:48:15,066 --> 00:48:18,100 GOVERNMENT INSURES THE INSURERS THAT INSURE 977 00:48:18,100 --> 00:48:21,566 THE LANDOWNER AND INSURE THE PRODUCER AND ABOUT 978 00:48:21,566 --> 00:48:25,666 75% OF THAT BILL IS PICKED UP BY THE AMERICAN TAXPAYER, 979 00:48:25,666 --> 00:48:29,066 SO, AGAIN, IT'S IF YOU'RE MAKING GOOD STEWARDSHIP DECISIONS 980 00:48:29,066 --> 00:48:31,600 ON THE LAND I THINK IT'S GOING TO BE GOOD ALL THE WAY 981 00:48:31,600 --> 00:48:32,433 DOWN THE LINE. 982 00:48:32,433 --> 00:48:33,133 - [KENT] I AGREE. 983 00:48:33,133 --> 00:48:35,133 - [BOB] FROM THE TAXPAYER ALL THE WAY DOWN TO THE FARMER 984 00:48:35,133 --> 00:48:37,166 AND THE AG ECONOMY AS A WHOLE. 985 00:48:37,166 --> 00:48:38,566 - [JACK] I AGREE. 986 00:48:38,566 --> 00:48:41,833 OKAY, I WAS CORRECTED, THE GLYCEMIC INDEX EFFECTS 987 00:48:41,833 --> 00:48:44,066 BLOOD SUGAR, NOT BLOOD PRESSURE. 988 00:48:44,066 --> 00:48:48,500 SO, I'VE BEEN WRONG BEFORE, I ADMIT IT. 989 00:48:48,500 --> 00:48:52,300 BARRY, IF YOU NEED TO ROTATE EVERY THREE YEARS, 990 00:48:52,300 --> 00:48:54,666 HOW DOES IDAHO GET AWAY WITH PLANTING POTATOES 991 00:48:54,666 --> 00:48:57,233 YEAR AFTER YEAR, IF THEY DO? 992 00:48:57,233 --> 00:48:59,600 - [BARRY] THERE'S A LOT OF POTATOES, COMMERCIAL POTATOES 993 00:48:59,600 --> 00:49:03,200 IN IDAHO THAT ARE MORE THAN THREE YEAR ROTATIONS, THERE'S 994 00:49:03,200 --> 00:49:08,700 SOME THAT ARE EVERY OTHER YEAR, THEIR YIELDS REFLECT IT. 995 00:49:08,700 --> 00:49:13,066 WE SEE HERE IN MONTANA WITH OUR SECRET GROWERS 996 00:49:13,066 --> 00:49:15,600 WE'LL SEE YIELD BENEFITS AND QUALITY BENEFITS ALL THE WAY 997 00:49:15,600 --> 00:49:19,033 UP THROUGH SIX AND SEVEN YEARS OUT OF POTATOES 998 00:49:19,033 --> 00:49:23,266 SO TRUST ME IN OUR FARM BACK IN ILLINOIS, WHEN WE WENT 999 00:49:23,266 --> 00:49:26,833 FROM A THREE YEAR TO A FOUR YEAR ROTATION WE BUMPED 1000 00:49:26,833 --> 00:49:33,100 YIELDS AN EXTRA 10% SO IT, IT MAKES A DIFFERENCE. 1001 00:49:33,100 --> 00:49:34,700 - [JACK] ACTUALLY MANY OF OUR PRODUCERS HERE IN THE 1002 00:49:34,700 --> 00:49:36,966 GALLATIN VALLEY ARE NOW FOUR TO FIVE YEARS AREN'T THEY? 1003 00:49:36,966 --> 00:49:40,166 - [BARRY] YES, AND THEY'D, IF THEY HAD ENOUGH AVAILABLE 1004 00:49:40,166 --> 00:49:41,933 LAND THEY'D GO FARTHER. 1005 00:49:41,933 --> 00:49:43,700 - [JACK] OKAY. 1006 00:49:43,700 --> 00:49:47,666 BOB, HOW RESTRICTIVE ARE DU EASEMENTS AND THIS, AGAIN, 1007 00:49:47,666 --> 00:49:49,533 CAME FROM MALTA? 1008 00:49:49,533 --> 00:49:51,333 - [BOB] OKAY, DUCKS UNLIMITED, WE DON'T DO A LOT 1009 00:49:51,333 --> 00:49:52,800 OF OUR OWN EASEMENTS. 1010 00:49:52,800 --> 00:49:53,466 - [JACK] OKAY. 1011 00:49:53,466 --> 00:49:57,300 - [BOB] WE RELY ON OTHER PROGRAMS WHICH ARE SET UP 1012 00:49:57,300 --> 00:50:01,166 TO DO THAT, USDA IS A GOOD EXAMPLE, FISH & WILDLIFE 1013 00:50:01,166 --> 00:50:04,133 SERVICE IS PROBABLY THE GO-TO ONE, WE WORK A LOT 1014 00:50:04,133 --> 00:50:07,233 WITH THE FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE BOTH IN NORTH AND 1015 00:50:07,233 --> 00:50:10,700 SOUTH DAKOTA AS WELL AS MONTANA AND THE REASON WHY 1016 00:50:10,700 --> 00:50:14,766 WE DO THAT, MULTIPLE REASONS, BUT THE MAIN REASON IS 1017 00:50:14,766 --> 00:50:17,600 THAT THEY'RE VERY RANCHER FRIENDLY. 1018 00:50:17,600 --> 00:50:20,266 BASICALLY YOU LOOK AT THE TERM OF THE EASEMENT AND 1019 00:50:20,266 --> 00:50:24,033 I THINK THERE ARE SIX RESTRICTIONS IN 1020 00:50:24,033 --> 00:50:29,533 ON GRAZING WHATSOEVER, THEY RELY ON THE GOOD STEWARDSHIP 1021 00:50:29,533 --> 00:50:34,400 OF THE RANCHER TO DICTATE STOCKING RIGHTS, 1022 00:50:34,400 --> 00:50:39,400 THE ONE RESTRICTION AS FAR AS REMOVAL OF GRASS COVER IS 1023 00:50:39,400 --> 00:50:43,333 INVOLVED, THE ONE RESTRICTION IS HAYING, HAYING CAN NOT 1024 00:50:43,333 --> 00:50:46,800 OCCUR UNTIL AFTER JULY 15TH AND THAT'S BECAUSE WE LOOK 1025 00:50:46,800 --> 00:50:51,533 AT THE PEAK OF NESTING FOR DUCKS, PHEASANTS, SHARP TAILS, 1026 00:50:51,533 --> 00:50:55,166 AND AFTER JULY 15TH YOU HAVE LESS OF A PROBABILITY OF 1027 00:50:55,166 --> 00:50:58,433 MOWING NESTS, THAT'S REALLY ONE OF THE ONLY RESTRICTIONS 1028 00:50:58,433 --> 00:51:01,433 ON THE WETLANDS SIDE, BASICALLY NOT DRAINING AND FILLING 1029 00:51:01,433 --> 00:51:04,366 WETLAND POTHOLES WHICH, FOR A RANCHER, IS A GOOD SOURCE 1030 00:51:04,366 --> 00:51:07,700 OF NOT ONLY FORAGE AROUND THAT WETLAND BUT ALSO 1031 00:51:07,700 --> 00:51:09,500 A STOCK WATER SUPPLY. 1032 00:51:09,500 --> 00:51:10,800 - [JACK] YEAH, ABSOLUTELY. 1033 00:51:10,800 --> 00:51:13,000 OKAY, THIS PERSON FROM MISSOULA'S CALLED BEFORE, 1034 00:51:13,000 --> 00:51:16,300 THEY HAVE A 7" LINDER PINE WHICH IS BROWNING 1035 00:51:16,300 --> 00:51:19,566 AT THE TOP, IT WAS PROFESSIONALLY SPRAYED BUT 1036 00:51:19,566 --> 00:51:21,733 "IT ISN'T LOOKING GOOD". 1037 00:51:21,733 --> 00:51:22,600 - [TOBY] OKAY. 1038 00:51:22,600 --> 00:51:24,766 - [JACK] CAN SHE DO ANYTHING ELSE FOR THIS TREE? 1039 00:51:24,766 --> 00:51:25,900 - [TOBY] OH, IT COULD BE A WHOLE BUNCH OF DIFFERENT 1040 00:51:25,900 --> 00:51:28,800 THINGS AND I'M GUESSING IT'S A LIMBER PINE, 1041 00:51:28,800 --> 00:51:32,066 WHICH IS, WOULD BE COMMON TO MONTANA 1042 00:51:32,066 --> 00:51:35,433 THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS THAT CAN CAUSE TIP DIE BACK 1043 00:51:35,433 --> 00:51:38,633 AND I DON'T KNOW HOW FAR THIS IS, WHAT I WOULD DO 1044 00:51:38,633 --> 00:51:41,900 IS GIVE ME A CALL, WE CAN WORK THROUGH THIS IF THEY'VE 1045 00:51:41,900 --> 00:51:46,833 CALLED A COUPLE TIMES 994-6523 IS MY OFFICE NUMBER 1046 00:51:46,833 --> 00:51:48,500 AND WE CAN TALK ABOUT THAT 'CAUSE THERE'S A LOT OF THINGS 1047 00:51:48,500 --> 00:51:49,366 TO LOOK FOR. 1048 00:51:49,366 --> 00:51:51,233 NOW IF IT WAS COLORADO SPRUCE THE TOP THREE INCHES, 1049 00:51:51,233 --> 00:51:55,200 WHITE PINE WEEVIL ALMOST IS ALWAYS ACROSS THE STATE BUT 1050 00:51:55,200 --> 00:51:58,000 IN A PINE THAT MIGHT BE A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT. 1051 00:51:58,000 --> 00:52:00,533 - [JACK] ALL RIGHT, I WANT TO GET INTO A TOPIC THAT I THINK 1052 00:52:00,533 --> 00:52:03,700 IS REAL INTERESTING, IT'S HOW CROPS HAVE 1053 00:52:03,700 --> 00:52:05,700 EVOLVED INTO MONTANA. 1054 00:52:05,700 --> 00:52:08,300 WHEN I MOVED HERE IN 1979, WE USED TO GROW A LOT OF 1055 00:52:08,300 --> 00:52:12,300 SPRING WHEAT DOWN INTO THE HARDIN AREA WITH 100 1056 00:52:12,300 --> 00:52:15,766 TEMPERATURES COMMON IN SEPTEMBER OR IN JUNE NOW 1057 00:52:15,766 --> 00:52:18,000 DURING POLLINATION WE CAN'T DO THAT. 1058 00:52:18,000 --> 00:52:20,333 YOU USED TO BE IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE STATE 1059 00:52:20,333 --> 00:52:24,033 STRICTLY SPRING WHEAT, NOW YOU'RE INTO WINTER WHEAT. 1060 00:52:24,033 --> 00:52:26,500 WINTER WHEAT WITH THE CANADIAN PROGRAM HAS BEEN 1061 00:52:26,500 --> 00:52:29,566 VERY BENEFICIAL FOR WILDLIFE. 1062 00:52:29,566 --> 00:52:31,533 WELL AND BETWEEN BOTH OF YOU EXPLAIN THE BENEFITS 1063 00:52:31,533 --> 00:52:34,800 OF WINTER WHEAT OVER SPRING WHEAT FOR WILDLIFE AND 1064 00:52:34,800 --> 00:52:38,333 ALSO HOW EXTENSIVE AND HOW YOU GOT IT INTO CANADA 1065 00:52:38,333 --> 00:52:40,900 IN NORTHERN MONTANA. 1066 00:52:40,900 --> 00:52:42,933 - [KENT] WELL, WINTER WHEAT IN OUR AREA, YOU KNOW WE LIVE 1067 00:52:42,933 --> 00:52:45,566 UP NEAR THE CANADIAN BORDER AND WE NEVER COULD GROW 1068 00:52:45,566 --> 00:52:49,066 WINTER WHEAT WORTH A DARN BEFORE THE VARIETIES HAVE 1069 00:52:49,066 --> 00:52:53,600 COME SO FAR OF WINTER HARDINESS THAT WE CAN, WE CAN 1070 00:52:53,600 --> 00:52:57,166 EVEN DETERMINE SEPTEMBER TO OCTOBER AND THEN WE CAN 1071 00:52:57,166 --> 00:52:59,666 GO INTO A MORGAN OR SOME TYPE OF WINTER WHEAT THAT'S 1072 00:52:59,666 --> 00:53:02,766 WINTER HARDIER YET IF WE HAVE TO, IF WE CAN GET IT IN 1073 00:53:02,766 --> 00:53:05,866 THE GROUND, IT BREAKS UP OUR ROTATION, 1074 00:53:05,866 --> 00:53:08,800 YOU KNOW, OF TIME SEEDING, OF TIME SPRAYED, 1075 00:53:08,800 --> 00:53:11,066 THOSE TYPE OF THINGS TO GET MORE WHEAT 1076 00:53:11,066 --> 00:53:15,633 IN THE GROUND IN THE SPRING WE HAVE, WE'RE RIGHT THERE. 1077 00:53:15,633 --> 00:53:17,966 YOU GET THE FIRST OF OCTOBER AND SEED IN WINTER, 1078 00:53:17,966 --> 00:53:20,700 SPRING WHEAT IN OUR COUNTRY WILL BEAT IT, USUALLY, 1079 00:53:20,700 --> 00:53:25,466 98% OF THE TIME, BUT IT'S BEEN A GOOD DEAL FOR COMBINING, 1080 00:53:25,466 --> 00:53:28,433 WE CAN COMBINE IN JULY, YOU KNOW, ALL OF A SUDDEN 1081 00:53:28,433 --> 00:53:31,966 WE'RE COMBINING PEAS AND WINTER WHEAT AND FLAX AND 1082 00:53:31,966 --> 00:53:35,600 THESE TYPE OF THINGS FOR ROTATIONS AND IT'S GOOD FOR, 1083 00:53:35,600 --> 00:53:38,233 IT'S GOOD FOR OUR CATTLE, IT'S GOOD FOR OUR GROUND, 1084 00:53:38,233 --> 00:53:40,566 IT'S GOOD FOR OUR DISEASE, IT'S GOOD FOR THE HABITAT, 1085 00:53:40,566 --> 00:53:43,833 AND THE WILDLIFE, I THINK IT'S A WIN/WIN. 1086 00:53:43,833 --> 00:53:46,133 - [JACK] CANADA, WE GROW A LOT MORE WINTER WHEAT 1087 00:53:46,133 --> 00:53:50,100 IN CANADA NOW AND DU WAS VERY RESPONSIBLE FOR THAT, 1088 00:53:50,100 --> 00:53:52,200 YOU WANT TO EXPLAIN HOW THAT OCCURRED? 1089 00:53:52,200 --> 00:53:54,333 - [BOB] RIGHT, YEAH, WE WORKED WITH OUR STAFF 1090 00:53:54,333 --> 00:53:56,833 IN PRAIRIE, CANADA AS WELL AS IN THE DAKOTAS 1091 00:53:56,833 --> 00:54:00,333 PRIMARILY WE WORKED WITH ORGANIZATIONS LIKE 1092 00:54:00,333 --> 00:54:03,033 BEAR CROP SCIENCE TO DEVELOP DIFFERENT STRAINS 1093 00:54:03,033 --> 00:54:05,333 OF WHEAT AND ALSO TO PROMOTE THE PLANTING 1094 00:54:05,333 --> 00:54:07,433 OF WINTER WHEAT AND AGAIN, AS YOU POINTED OUT, 1095 00:54:07,433 --> 00:54:10,100 EARLIER, JACK, THE, WHEN THE BIRDS ARRIVE, 1096 00:54:10,100 --> 00:54:13,400 MIGRATORY BIRDS ARRIVE IN THE SPRING IF YOU'RE LOOKING 1097 00:54:13,400 --> 00:54:17,733 AT ANYTHING OTHER THAN WINTER WHEAT YOU TYPICALLY DON'T 1098 00:54:17,733 --> 00:54:20,700 HAVE A LOT OF COVER ON THE GROUND WHEN THEY ARRIVE 1099 00:54:20,700 --> 00:54:23,333 IN THE SPRING, NOW THEY'VE GOT SOME COVER AND SPECIES 1100 00:54:23,333 --> 00:54:28,266 LIKE PINTAIL, DUCK SPECIES LIKE PINTAIL THAT REALLY LIKE 1101 00:54:28,266 --> 00:54:31,966 A FAIRLY SHORT GRASS PRAIRIE TYPE SCENARIO AND 1102 00:54:31,966 --> 00:54:35,300 MONTANA'S PINTAIL HABITAT MORE THAN ANYTHING ELSE 1103 00:54:35,300 --> 00:54:37,233 YOU GET INTO THE DAKOTAS AND A LOT OF MALLARD 1104 00:54:37,233 --> 00:54:40,166 AND TEAL BUT PINTAILS IN MONTANA AND WHEN YOU LOOK 1105 00:54:40,166 --> 00:54:42,966 AT OTHER SPECIES OF DUCKS THEY ALL KIND OF RESPOND 1106 00:54:42,966 --> 00:54:45,200 WHEN THERE'S WET CYCLES, PINTAIL HAVE CONTINUED 1107 00:54:45,200 --> 00:54:48,466 KIND OF A LONG TERM DECLINE SO THERE A SPECIES OF 1108 00:54:48,466 --> 00:54:53,000 CONCERN TO SAY THE LEAST BUT THEY REALLY THRIVE ON 1109 00:54:53,000 --> 00:54:55,600 HABITATS THAT INCLUDE WINTER WHEAT. 1110 00:54:55,600 --> 00:54:59,166 IT'S NOT A PANACEA, NATIVE PRAIRIE, NATIVE GRASS IS STILL 1111 00:54:59,166 --> 00:55:03,233 MOST LIKELY THE BEST BUT WINTER WHEAT IS A VERY 1112 00:55:03,233 --> 00:55:06,666 GOOD ALTERNATIVE IF YOU'RE IN A HEAVILY CROPPED LANDSCAPE. 1113 00:55:06,666 --> 00:55:08,066 - [JACK] YOU KNOW, AND THE OTHER THING THAT HAS HELPED 1114 00:55:08,066 --> 00:55:11,533 WINTER WHEAT AND WE TALKED ABOUT THIS BEFORE IS GOING 1115 00:55:11,533 --> 00:55:14,866 INTO A NO-TELL SITUATION AND IT WILL SURVIVE SO MUCH 1116 00:55:14,866 --> 00:55:18,566 NICELY, MUCH NICER IF YOU HAVE SOME PROTECTION 1117 00:55:18,566 --> 00:55:20,233 FROM THE PREVIOUS CROP. 1118 00:55:20,233 --> 00:55:22,200 - [KENT] YOU CAN SEE IT IN THE STUBBLE AND THE SEED TREAT-- 1119 00:55:22,200 --> 00:55:23,133 - [JACK] YEAH. 1120 00:55:23,133 --> 00:55:26,366 - [KENT] THE SEED TREAT THAT IS OUT THERE NOW IS QUITE 1121 00:55:26,366 --> 00:55:30,266 AN ENHANCEMENT TO THIS TO THE SPRING AND WINTER WHEAT. 1122 00:55:30,266 --> 00:55:31,900 - [JACK] I AGREE. 1123 00:55:31,900 --> 00:55:33,266 FOLKS, WE'VE COME TO KIND OF THE END OF OUR 1124 00:55:33,266 --> 00:55:35,766 PROGRAM AGAIN, NEXT WEEK WE'RE GONNA HAVE 1125 00:55:35,766 --> 00:55:39,066 JESS ABER WITH DNRC HERE TALKING ABOUT DROUGHT 1126 00:55:39,066 --> 00:55:41,666 COUNCIL FOR THE GOVERNOR AND ALSO SOME WATER ISSUES 1127 00:55:41,666 --> 00:55:45,233 FOR MONTANA, I APPRECIATE THE GUESTS THIS EVENING, 1128 00:55:45,233 --> 00:55:46,966 THANK YOU GUYS FOR COMING. 1129 00:55:46,966 --> 00:55:49,800 ENJOYABLE AND THANK YOU FOR CALLING IN THE QUESTIONS. 1130 00:55:49,800 --> 00:56:21,333 GOOD NIGHT. 1131 00:56:21,333 --> 00:56:23,966 - [VOICEOVER] MONTANA AG LIVE IS BROUGHT TO YOU BY 1132 00:56:23,966 --> 00:56:26,533 THE MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1133 00:56:26,533 --> 00:56:28,033 THE MSU EXTENSION SERVICE 1134 00:56:28,033 --> 00:56:30,700 THE MSU AG EXPERIMENT STATION 1135 00:56:30,700 --> 00:56:33,066 THE MONTANA WHEAT & BARLEY COMMITTEE 1136 00:56:33,066 --> 00:56:35,500 THE MONTANA BANKERS ASSOCIATION 1137 00:56:35,500 --> 00:56:38,000 THE MSU COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND 1138 00:56:38,000 --> 00:56:39,000 THE GALLATIN GARDENERS CLUB.