WEBVTT 00:00.733 --> 00:05.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:43.13% - [Narrator] Montana Ag Live is made possible by 00:05.000 --> 00:07.766 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:41.25% The Montana Department of Agriculture. 00:07.766 --> 00:10.466 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% The MSU Extension Service. 00:10.466 --> 00:12.633 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% The MSU Ag Experiment Stations of the 00:12.633 --> 00:14.833 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% College of Agriculture. 00:14.833 --> 00:17.933 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% The Montana Wheat and Barley Committee. 00:17.933 --> 00:20.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% The Montana Bankers Association. 00:20.633 --> 00:23.366 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Cashman Nursery and Landscaping. 00:23.366 --> 00:26.133 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% And the Gallatin Gardeners Club. 00:26.133 --> 00:30.300 align:start position:38.75% line:79.33% size:22.5% (cow mooing) (country music) 00:32.800 --> 00:34.766 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% ♪ If your herbicides and fungicides 00:34.766 --> 00:36.300 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% ♪ And pesticides are old 00:36.300 --> 00:38.100 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% ♪ The veggies you are growing 00:38.100 --> 00:40.066 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% ♪ In your garden start to mold 00:40.066 --> 00:41.700 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% ♪ If the ants are attacking 00:41.700 --> 00:43.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% ♪ And you're having a hard time 00:43.600 --> 00:47.300 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% ♪ Call Montana Ag Live 00:47.300 --> 00:48.766 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% ♪ Knapweed in the ditch 00:48.766 --> 00:50.900 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% ♪ And the old bull's got an itch 00:50.900 --> 00:52.400 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% ♪ Ticks upon my sheep 00:52.400 --> 00:54.166 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% ♪ And the wool is really cheap 00:54.166 --> 00:55.900 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% ♪ The gophers in the pasture 00:55.900 --> 00:58.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% ♪ Are even worse than last year 00:58.466 --> 01:02.266 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% ♪ Montana Ag Live where are you ♪ 01:02.266 --> 01:04.933 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:28.13% (country music) 01:11.366 --> 01:12.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Good evening. 01:12.266 --> 01:14.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Welcome to Montana Ag Live 01:14.066 --> 01:17.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% originating tonight from the studios of KUSM 01:17.766 --> 01:20.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% on the campus of Montana State University. 01:20.366 --> 01:22.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And before I go any farther along tonight 01:22.666 --> 01:26.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% I'd like to wish everybody out there a Happy Mother's Day 01:26.433 --> 01:28.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% especially all you mothers. 01:28.166 --> 01:31.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I can't let that pass, or I'd be in big trouble. 01:31.533 --> 01:33.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Okay, with that I'm going to go ahead 01:33.633 --> 01:35.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and introduce the panel. 01:35.566 --> 01:36.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% You know the routine. 01:36.900 --> 01:39.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% If you have questions, pertinent to the panel this evening 01:39.400 --> 01:41.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% please phone them in. 01:41.733 --> 01:43.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% The phone number will be on the screen and the more 01:43.933 --> 01:47.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% questions you ask, the better off we are in here. 01:47.333 --> 01:49.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I'm going to start the introduction tonight 01:49.166 --> 01:50.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% with an old friend. 01:50.133 --> 01:52.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% On the far left, Hayden Ferguson. 01:52.566 --> 01:55.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Hayden has moderated this program for years 01:55.400 --> 01:57.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% lots of years, actually. 01:57.500 --> 02:00.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And he is here tonight as a soil scientist. 02:00.800 --> 02:03.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So if you have fertilizer questions, soil questions, 02:03.533 --> 02:06.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% potting questions for your garden pots 02:06.733 --> 02:09.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% tonight would be a good night to ask those questions 02:09.900 --> 02:12.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% because Hayden can definitely answer. 02:12.100 --> 02:14.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Our special guest tonight is Jeff Littlefield. 02:14.900 --> 02:17.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Jeff is a biocontrol expert, and has one of the best 02:17.933 --> 02:22.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% biocontrol programs for weeds going in the United States. 02:22.000 --> 02:24.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So Jeff, we're happy to have you here. 02:24.533 --> 02:26.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Barry Jacobsen would be sitting next to him. 02:26.966 --> 02:30.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Barry is a plant pathologist, he's also associative dean 02:30.533 --> 02:32.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% at the College of Agriculture. 02:32.066 --> 02:35.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But he's here as a plant pathologist this evening. 02:35.633 --> 02:37.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Y'all recognize Laurie. 02:37.200 --> 02:40.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% She always has a great smile on her face, Laurie Kerzicnik. 02:40.300 --> 02:42.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Love you have you, she's our entomologist. 02:42.366 --> 02:44.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And she'll be happy to answer any entomology 02:44.866 --> 02:47.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% or bug questions this evening. 02:47.133 --> 02:49.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% The phone operators, who will be taking your 02:49.766 --> 02:51.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% calls this evening. 02:51.200 --> 02:53.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% From the left is Barbara Shaw. 02:53.933 --> 02:57.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And in the middle is Judge Bruce Lobel back again 02:57.300 --> 03:01.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% as a phone operator, thanks for being here judge. 03:01.333 --> 03:02.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And Sheryl Moregoff. 03:02.800 --> 03:06.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So with that, let's start off with asking Jeff 03:06.300 --> 03:08.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% to tell us a little bit about what you do 03:08.733 --> 03:10.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% in Montana State University. 03:10.266 --> 03:12.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Well Jack, I think I'm a Jack of all trades. 03:12.933 --> 03:14.100 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% (laughing) You know I do 03:14.100 --> 03:14.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% a little of everything. 03:14.966 --> 03:18.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I the quarantine lab, I guess the payment laboratory 03:18.966 --> 03:20.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% for biocontrol. 03:21.266 --> 03:24.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Very kind of a specialized containment lab 03:24.000 --> 03:25.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% that's probably only maybe 03:25.933 --> 03:29.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% 30 such labs in across the United States. 03:29.133 --> 03:32.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And, we work primarily with biological control with weeds. 03:32.966 --> 03:36.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% But sometimes we do bring in plant pests 03:36.366 --> 03:38.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% to work on, as well. 03:38.600 --> 03:42.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So my function is to maintain the facility 03:42.733 --> 03:46.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% then for testing biocontrol agents we see 03:47.566 --> 03:51.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% what they feed on, how specific they are, 03:51.400 --> 03:53.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% what sort of impact they have. 03:54.833 --> 03:57.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Once we have a suitable agent we run them through 03:57.000 --> 04:00.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% the regulatory process then we 04:00.166 --> 04:02.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% bring them in to quarantine, 04:02.200 --> 04:06.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% bump up the numbers for field release, redistribute them 04:06.233 --> 04:07.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% across the state. 04:07.633 --> 04:11.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Then do research to see how effective they are. 04:11.066 --> 04:14.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So kind of a little of entomology, a little botany, 04:14.533 --> 04:17.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% a little bit of plant pathology at times. 04:17.500 --> 04:20.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - And over the past 15, 20, 30 years 04:20.300 --> 04:22.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% that I've been around here, Hayden's been around here. 04:22.600 --> 04:25.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Barry you're a youngster, you might have been here 15. 04:25.433 --> 04:28.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% We've seen a big improvement in the amount 04:28.933 --> 04:32.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% of biocontrol agents that we have available 04:32.033 --> 04:34.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% to control weeds, is that correct? 04:34.233 --> 04:36.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Yes, I think that when I first got here 04:36.366 --> 04:41.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% leafy spurge and spotted knapweed were the big programs. 04:41.266 --> 04:43.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% There was kind of a lag time there where we 04:43.866 --> 04:46.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% started to bring in new insects. 04:46.166 --> 04:48.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And now we're starting to put out agents for 04:48.766 --> 04:50.433 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88% hawkweed, 04:50.433 --> 04:52.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% tote flags, Russian knapweed. 04:53.733 --> 04:57.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Then we have agents in the pipeline. 04:57.000 --> 04:58.833 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% (crosstalk) 04:58.833 --> 05:00.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - I'd like to ask you a question. 05:00.366 --> 05:02.733 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Okay. - 100 or so years ago 05:02.733 --> 05:06.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I interviewed at a place called Deep Creek. 05:06.300 --> 05:08.166 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15% (laughs) - [Jeff] Yes. 05:08.166 --> 05:09.766 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - In Maryland. 05:09.766 --> 05:13.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Which was an army research center 05:13.333 --> 05:15.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% dealing with issues of 05:16.333 --> 05:17.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% using biocontrol of 05:20.333 --> 05:22.033 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% good plants 05:22.033 --> 05:23.200 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% to defeat some 05:24.433 --> 05:26.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% bad group of people. 05:26.466 --> 05:28.133 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% In theory. - Yep. 05:28.133 --> 05:29.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Do you interact with them? 05:29.966 --> 05:34.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And has any of that kind of information transferred 05:34.566 --> 05:37.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% into the kind of things you do? 05:37.000 --> 05:39.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Yes well they're not doing any germ warfare now. 05:39.933 --> 05:40.766 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% (laughing) 05:40.766 --> 05:43.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% But there is a specialized laboratory for plant pathology. 05:43.966 --> 05:46.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And they have been working on a number of plant 05:46.600 --> 05:48.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% pathogens for weed control. 05:48.400 --> 05:51.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And over the last couple years, they've actually 05:51.233 --> 05:54.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% partitioned several agents for release. 05:55.933 --> 05:58.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% They have one agent for yellowstar thistle. 05:58.833 --> 06:00.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Common (mumbling). 06:00.966 --> 06:04.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And Russian thistle. - [Jack] Okay. 06:04.100 --> 06:05.366 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:9.38% - So. 06:05.366 --> 06:07.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Appreciate the answer, thank you. 06:07.333 --> 06:10.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Hayden, from Belt, this came in last week. 06:10.633 --> 06:14.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Is it important to fertilize a lawn in the spring? 06:14.100 --> 06:16.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% I don't want to. (crosstalk) 06:16.833 --> 06:20.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Now that's a personal question because 06:20.100 --> 06:24.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% if I were to fertilize my lawn like two weeks ago 06:25.800 --> 06:30.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I couldn't keep my mowing machine sharp enough to do it. 06:30.000 --> 06:34.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So what I do is wait until things cool off 06:34.033 --> 06:36.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% in terms of rainfall and growth 06:36.866 --> 06:39.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and then I fertilize. 06:39.066 --> 06:42.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Now, is that, do I have a totally green lawn 06:44.300 --> 06:46.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% early in the spring? 06:46.200 --> 06:47.566 align:start position:46.25% line:10% size:5.63% No. (laughs) 06:47.566 --> 06:49.266 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% Do I care? (laughs) 06:49.266 --> 06:53.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% My mow machine works better. (laughing) 06:53.266 --> 06:54.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [Jack] That's a good point Hayden. 06:54.600 --> 06:57.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% If you fertilize too early you could pasture 06:57.366 --> 06:59.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% with a lot of sheep and never keep up. 06:59.500 --> 07:02.300 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15% (laughs) Okay, thank you. 07:02.300 --> 07:05.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Barry, from Cows Bell, this person called in last week. 07:05.733 --> 07:08.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% It's a little out of your area of expertise but you 07:08.500 --> 07:10.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% could probably answer this. 07:10.066 --> 07:13.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% This person is concerned about the anticoagulant 07:13.666 --> 07:16.100 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% properties of yellow sweet clover. 07:16.100 --> 07:18.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% If it's used as a cover crop. 07:18.033 --> 07:20.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Is this a real concern for a beef producer 07:20.600 --> 07:22.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% if they pasture that cover crop? 07:22.700 --> 07:25.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Well they produce a compound called (mumbling). 07:25.833 --> 07:29.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And when molds start to attack that hay 07:29.233 --> 07:33.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% it's only the moldy sweet clover hay that's a problem. 07:33.000 --> 07:37.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% It forms an anticoagulant compound in there, (mumbling). 07:38.366 --> 07:42.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And it's you'll only see it as a problem if you 07:42.000 --> 07:45.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% feed it long-term more than seven to 10 days in a row. 07:45.000 --> 07:46.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And that's exclusive feed. 07:46.566 --> 07:49.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So is the dose that makes the poison. 07:49.166 --> 07:50.933 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% - Exactly. - [Barry] And there are 07:50.933 --> 07:53.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% varieties of sweet clover that don't produce this 07:53.600 --> 07:55.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% compound for very high levels. 07:55.600 --> 07:57.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% One of them is polar. 07:57.300 --> 08:01.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So I would say it's not going to be a serious problem. 08:01.833 --> 08:05.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Avoid feeding moldy sweet clover in hay. 08:05.300 --> 08:06.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [Jack] Exactly. - That's all you have 08:06.733 --> 08:09.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% to worry about. - Thank you. 08:09.266 --> 08:11.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Laurie, from Bowsman. 08:11.533 --> 08:13.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% This came in again last week. 08:13.966 --> 08:16.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% This person has about a dozen ant hills, many of which 08:16.800 --> 08:20.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% are burrowing their way into the irrigation ditch. 08:20.900 --> 08:21.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% On his property. 08:21.966 --> 08:25.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Is there a non-toxic control measure for ants? 08:26.866 --> 08:28.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Well I mean I think a lot of people will turn 08:28.733 --> 08:30.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% to boric acid to treat ants. 08:30.933 --> 08:34.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Or I think one of the least toxic methods you could use is 08:34.500 --> 08:36.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% (mumbling) Earth. 08:36.266 --> 08:39.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And it's a dust formulation, it's very affordable. 08:39.766 --> 08:41.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And especially if you know where the ant hills are 08:41.466 --> 08:43.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% that's usually the challenge with ants. 08:43.566 --> 08:45.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% You could put the (mumbling) Earth on 08:45.566 --> 08:47.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and it will end up smothering the ants 08:47.666 --> 08:50.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and won't be as toxic as some of the other methods 08:50.400 --> 08:52.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that are available. 08:52.333 --> 08:55.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - One of our previous entomologists here 08:55.100 --> 08:57.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% recommended feeding them yeast. 08:57.400 --> 08:59.066 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - [Laurie] Oh. - Because when the yeast 08:59.066 --> 09:01.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% expands, the ants blow up. 09:01.200 --> 09:02.833 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15% (laughs) Now I don't know 09:02.833 --> 09:03.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% if that's actually. - [Laurie] That sounds 09:03.866 --> 09:05.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% like a fun thing to test out. (laughing) 09:05.533 --> 09:07.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - [Jack] Well I just thought I'd bring it up because 09:07.133 --> 09:09.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that was mentioned years ago. 09:09.366 --> 09:11.533 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:9.38% Okay. - [Hayden] Sweet clover 09:11.533 --> 09:12.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% was used utilized 09:13.833 --> 09:17.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% as a big time hay crop that fed the dairy cows 09:17.533 --> 09:19.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and that was their exclusive food. 09:19.700 --> 09:23.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Barry] Yeah. They died right and left. 09:23.166 --> 09:25.000 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - [Barry] Yeah - But it's not 09:25.000 --> 09:26.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% an issue today. - [Barry] No. 09:26.166 --> 09:27.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% It's not an issue today. 09:27.633 --> 09:30.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - [Jack] Okay, Jeff, from Bowsman. 09:30.400 --> 09:33.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% This person is thinking of starting a milk weed garden 09:33.966 --> 09:35.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% for monarch butterflies. 09:35.333 --> 09:38.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% We all know that monarchs are kind of in a decline phase. 09:38.900 --> 09:41.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Any suggestions for this individual? 09:43.166 --> 09:45.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Well maybe Laurie can help me out. 09:45.166 --> 09:48.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% First of all, I'm not sure if 09:48.233 --> 09:50.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% have you ever seen any monarchs in Bowsman? 09:50.733 --> 09:53.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - I hardly ever get any butterfly samples. 09:53.566 --> 09:55.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% But I get questions about them. 09:55.800 --> 09:58.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So I'm not sure what their population is 09:58.600 --> 10:02.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and how much milk weed we have around the state. 10:02.833 --> 10:05.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - [Jeff] There's quite a bit of milk weed 10:05.966 --> 10:07.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% over in the Billings area. 10:07.800 --> 10:09.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Probably a little bit around Bowsman 10:09.533 --> 10:11.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% probably not a whole lot. 10:11.200 --> 10:13.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% For planting it, I would suggest 10:16.566 --> 10:20.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% planting native milk weed rather than more tropical things. 10:20.400 --> 10:25.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And providing some other plants for nectar sources. 10:25.100 --> 10:27.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% I really have some questions whether you will attract 10:27.966 --> 10:32.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% any monarch butterflies to the Bowsman area. 10:32.166 --> 10:35.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I haven't seen any in and I'm not sure 10:35.066 --> 10:37.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% the last one I saw in Montana at all. 10:37.566 --> 10:40.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - [Barry] We're not really in a major migration routes. 10:40.166 --> 10:42.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - No, we're kind of at the edge of the 10:42.700 --> 10:46.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% probably what little there is for migration. 10:46.300 --> 10:48.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So if you're interested in butterflies I would 10:48.300 --> 10:51.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% probably go with a more diverse planting. 10:51.300 --> 10:52.766 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - [Barry] Yes. - Of flowers 10:52.766 --> 10:56.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% or even some other things to attract native bees. 10:56.633 --> 10:58.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Jack] Okay, Barry. 10:58.800 --> 11:00.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% This is an interesting question and I've read 11:00.700 --> 11:01.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% quite a little bit about this. 11:01.900 --> 11:03.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% It's from Great Falls. 11:03.600 --> 11:07.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And he's heard that planting intentions indicate that 11:07.600 --> 11:11.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% we're going to have over 200,000 acres of chickpeas. 11:11.233 --> 11:13.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Is that a concern to you? 11:13.266 --> 11:15.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Yeah, the two reasons. 11:18.366 --> 11:20.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% A lot of our field crops 11:20.266 --> 11:22.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% we really don't have any diseases 11:22.866 --> 11:25.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that we absolutely have to use fungicides for. 11:25.100 --> 11:27.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Sometimes we have to but 11:27.266 --> 11:30.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in the case of chickpeas, especially the large seeded 11:30.100 --> 11:34.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% or (mumbling) types, there's a disease called Ascochyta. 11:34.333 --> 11:36.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And one of the key controls for this 11:36.833 --> 11:38.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% is disease free seed. 11:38.366 --> 11:40.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And there's no way in the world we had enough 11:40.700 --> 11:44.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% disease free seed to plant 200,00 acres. 11:44.766 --> 11:48.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So we're going to plant some diseased stuff. 11:48.166 --> 11:49.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% And we have a lot of new growers 11:49.800 --> 11:51.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and they don't realize that you've got to get out 11:51.466 --> 11:52.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and scout for this. 11:52.866 --> 11:55.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% And you have to use fungicides for control of this. 11:55.733 --> 11:59.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Now the small seeded chickpeas or (mumbling) 11:59.733 --> 12:01.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% are less susceptible 12:01.266 --> 12:03.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% although it can still be a serious disease. 12:03.700 --> 12:06.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% And some of the newer varieties do have some resistance. 12:06.366 --> 12:09.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% But I foresee some real wrecks Jack. 12:09.700 --> 12:12.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - I've seen those in the past. 12:12.900 --> 12:14.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So, you nailed it. 12:14.500 --> 12:18.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% You need to really watch that crop day in and day out. 12:18.533 --> 12:20.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And watch the fungicides, a lot of the fungicides 12:20.833 --> 12:23.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% we used to use are now. 12:23.433 --> 12:27.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - [Barry] Well any of the Headline of that quadrants 12:27.400 --> 12:28.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% they don't work anymore. 12:28.800 --> 12:31.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Right now I talked to Mary Burrows 12:31.533 --> 12:35.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Headline is not effective, but Preaxor is still effective. 12:35.666 --> 12:39.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Which has got Headline's component Bravo. 12:39.233 --> 12:41.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But this is a difficult disease to control. 12:41.933 --> 12:45.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So if you start seeing little tan spots on the leaves 12:45.033 --> 12:47.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and you're serious about what you've got invested 12:47.133 --> 12:50.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and you've got a high seed cost. 12:50.400 --> 12:51.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Jack] Yo do. - You really need 12:51.666 --> 12:53.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% to think about a fungicide program. 12:53.500 --> 12:55.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Potential for high profitability. 12:55.733 --> 12:59.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But it's a management issue with (mumbling) 12:59.766 --> 13:01.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - [Barry] Clearly. 13:01.100 --> 13:03.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - I assume my knowledge about 13:03.733 --> 13:05.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% growing those things 13:05.600 --> 13:07.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% is infinitely small. 13:09.800 --> 13:11.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Are they related to legumes? 13:11.966 --> 13:13.700 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - [Barry] Yes. - They are a legume? 13:13.700 --> 13:14.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Barry] Yeah. 13:14.833 --> 13:19.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - The legume for run of the galloot is valley peas. 13:19.033 --> 13:21.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Barry] Yeah. - With diseases. 13:21.633 --> 13:24.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Barry] Yeah. - Does that disease transfer 13:24.233 --> 13:27.066 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88% to other? - Not to the chickpeas. 13:27.066 --> 13:29.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But we've gone in this state from 13:31.266 --> 13:33.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% probably Jack when you retired we had maybe 13:33.066 --> 13:36.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% 70,000 acres of peas, something like that? 13:36.166 --> 13:40.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Last year we were over 600, 700,000 acres. 13:40.166 --> 13:42.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% With any of these pulse crops, peas, lentils, 13:42.800 --> 13:46.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% chickpeas, beans, if you don't practice long rotations 13:46.866 --> 13:49.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% three or four years, the root diseases are gonna 13:49.633 --> 13:51.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% drive you out of business. 13:51.233 --> 13:52.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% That's just the fact of life. 13:52.633 --> 13:54.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Jack] You're absolutely right. 13:54.033 --> 13:57.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Jeff, from Innsdale, for biological control 13:57.500 --> 14:01.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% of orange hawkweed, what type of habitat is needed? 14:01.633 --> 14:04.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And what are the best practices to benefit 14:04.400 --> 14:06.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% those biological controls? 14:06.600 --> 14:09.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - We've been putting out a gall wire 14:10.633 --> 14:12.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% for orange hawkweed. 14:12.833 --> 14:15.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And unfortunately we haven't established it 14:15.666 --> 14:17.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% on orange hawkweed. 14:17.200 --> 14:19.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Even though it's a laboratory host it doesn't seem 14:19.466 --> 14:21.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% to be a good field host. 14:21.500 --> 14:24.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Up in Canada they have the same agent 14:24.966 --> 14:26.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% established on a closely 14:28.033 --> 14:31.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% related species whiplash hawkweed 14:31.366 --> 14:34.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% it seems to be a little better host. 14:34.866 --> 14:36.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% They have recovered it on orange hawkweed 14:36.666 --> 14:38.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but at very low levels. 14:38.300 --> 14:39.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% So I'm not sure 14:41.633 --> 14:43.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% right now it doesn't look too promising. 14:43.600 --> 14:44.566 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - [Jack] Okay. - However we do 14:44.566 --> 14:47.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% have a new agent that we hope to release 14:47.033 --> 14:49.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% probably next year, or the following year 14:49.866 --> 14:52.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% that attacks a variety of invasive hawkweeds. 14:52.800 --> 14:54.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Appreciate it. 14:54.466 --> 14:56.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Laurie, from Billings. 14:56.533 --> 14:58.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% They have some young plains cottonwoods 14:58.933 --> 15:01.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% with thousands of tiny black bugs 15:01.300 --> 15:03.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% about the size of ants. 15:03.466 --> 15:06.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% What do you think they are, and are they hurting the trees? 15:06.800 --> 15:08.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - And you can guess at that one. 15:08.700 --> 15:10.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Yeah, those are probably aphids. 15:10.266 --> 15:12.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% They could either be aphids without wings 15:12.500 --> 15:13.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% or aphids with wings. 15:13.833 --> 15:15.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And that would probably be the most likely thing 15:15.466 --> 15:17.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% that would be on the trees right now. 15:17.266 --> 15:21.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And most aphids are controlled by natural enemies. 15:21.033 --> 15:23.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And especially with all these rains coming in 15:23.000 --> 15:25.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I think that we could maybe it will take 15:25.100 --> 15:26.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% care of a lot of the aphid populations 15:26.533 --> 15:28.000 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% we've just seen them recently. 15:28.000 --> 15:30.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I try to steer people away from doing a lot of 15:30.700 --> 15:32.200 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% treatments for aphids because if you 15:32.200 --> 15:33.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% take care of the natural enemies 15:33.366 --> 15:36.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% you might just have a secondary pest infestation. 15:36.300 --> 15:37.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - All right, thank you. 15:37.800 --> 15:40.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Hayden, this person from Havern wants to know 15:40.633 --> 15:45.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% what causes dark green spots in their winter wheat fields? 15:45.366 --> 15:48.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Well if you drive around this part of the world 15:48.700 --> 15:51.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% especially in northern Idaho 15:52.233 --> 15:55.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% you look at a winter wheat field and there will be 15:55.433 --> 15:58.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% a whole series of spots about this big 16:01.066 --> 16:03.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% out in that field that are dark green. 16:03.933 --> 16:06.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Now what you know about that 16:06.300 --> 16:08.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% is the cows stop there. 16:08.300 --> 16:10.800 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% (laughing) 16:10.800 --> 16:12.500 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - I would have guessed that Hayden. 16:12.500 --> 16:13.766 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% (laughing) 16:13.766 --> 16:17.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - And you don't need the soil to disc 16:17.200 --> 16:20.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% if you have that kind of thing on your farm. 16:20.633 --> 16:23.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% You need some nitrogen management. 16:23.933 --> 16:25.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [Jack] Exactly. 16:25.633 --> 16:27.366 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% From Bowsman. 16:27.366 --> 16:30.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Interesting, if you live around Bowsman 16:30.133 --> 16:34.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% you know we are inundated with plenty of dandelions. 16:34.600 --> 16:36.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% And this person would like to know 16:36.300 --> 16:39.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% is there any biocontrol for dandelions? 16:39.666 --> 16:41.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - As a matter of fact there is. 16:41.233 --> 16:42.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Oh, I didn't know that. 16:42.966 --> 16:44.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - There's a very good 16:46.266 --> 16:48.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I think it's called Setorra or something like that. 16:48.633 --> 16:51.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% It's a (mumbling) minor 16:51.766 --> 16:54.100 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% which will not produce Sclerotia. 16:54.100 --> 16:57.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But they put it on and the Sclerotinia attacks 16:57.300 --> 16:59.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% dandelions and any broad leaf. 16:59.333 --> 17:00.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And it works very very well 17:00.533 --> 17:03.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% in over winter, go to any of our crops. 17:03.666 --> 17:06.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And that's a very very nice biological control 17:06.433 --> 17:08.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Disease-wise there might be an insect or two. 17:08.766 --> 17:10.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - There's no insects from here. 17:10.900 --> 17:12.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Is that a commercial product? 17:12.533 --> 17:14.500 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% - Yes, yes. - [Laurie] Deer are too. 17:14.500 --> 17:16.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I've watched all the deer eat all the heads 17:16.666 --> 17:17.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% off my dandelions. 17:17.900 --> 17:19.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Why do I even have to treat them? 17:19.900 --> 17:20.766 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% (laughing) 17:20.766 --> 17:22.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - They do other things Laurie. 17:22.233 --> 17:23.433 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. (laughing) 17:23.433 --> 17:24.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - This I think 17:26.266 --> 17:28.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% it's white mold control for dandelions. 17:28.533 --> 17:30.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% I'm sure if somebody Googles it 17:30.066 --> 17:31.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% they can find the name of that product. 17:31.733 --> 17:34.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% It's a Canadian product, but it does work very well. 17:34.866 --> 17:37.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - I bet it's a little pricier than your standard. 17:37.733 --> 17:39.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - [Barry] It's more expensive than 240, yes. 17:39.800 --> 17:41.100 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Yeah, okay. 17:41.100 --> 17:45.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Jeff, what's that dead plant you've got there? 17:45.133 --> 17:48.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Well I told you I was a jack of all trades. 17:48.133 --> 17:50.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% And currently I'm a bug sucker. 17:52.000 --> 17:55.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So what I have here is Russian knapweed. 17:57.300 --> 18:00.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And what you see here are what the biocontrol 18:00.866 --> 18:04.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% agents that we're releasing and moving around the state. 18:04.900 --> 18:07.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And this is a Cynipid wasp. 18:09.400 --> 18:11.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% A Cynipid wasp people are really concerned 18:11.800 --> 18:13.066 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% do they sting. - [Jack] Yeah. 18:13.066 --> 18:14.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - [Jeff] And they don't. 18:14.100 --> 18:16.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% What they do is they lay their eggs in the plant 18:16.200 --> 18:18.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% the larvae hatch out and cause these skulls 18:18.500 --> 18:21.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% that you see here on the plant. 18:21.133 --> 18:23.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% And I get my coordination here. 18:26.400 --> 18:30.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And they kind of stunt the plant a little bit. 18:30.000 --> 18:33.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And what we're hoping to see that some long-term 18:33.533 --> 18:35.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% impacts with reduced 18:37.633 --> 18:39.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% plant density and 18:40.633 --> 18:42.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% reduced flowering. 18:42.066 --> 18:44.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% In some of our sites we've had this out for 18:44.500 --> 18:46.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% about nine years now. 18:46.400 --> 18:49.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And not even nine years and maybe we're just 18:49.266 --> 18:53.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% starting to see some impact on some of our populations. 18:53.300 --> 18:55.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% You can kind of see here the plant 18:55.633 --> 18:58.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% kind of compensates a little bit. 18:58.200 --> 19:00.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% So even putting these out about 19:00.500 --> 19:02.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% about 10 to 20 sites 19:03.633 --> 19:05.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% now across the state. 19:05.666 --> 19:08.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - [Hayden] Are those bugs elective in the type 19:08.500 --> 19:10.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% of weed that they eat? 19:10.700 --> 19:13.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - [Jeff] These are very specific to Russian knapweed. 19:13.433 --> 19:16.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - They don't, how about the others? 19:17.266 --> 19:19.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - [Jeff] Even though it's called knapweed 19:19.800 --> 19:22.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% it's a lot different than spotted knapweed 19:22.066 --> 19:23.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% or diffused knapweed. 19:23.766 --> 19:27.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And completely different set of insects that 19:28.333 --> 19:29.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% that attack it. 19:29.566 --> 19:31.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So Russian knapweed, Asian small tag. 19:31.900 --> 19:34.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Spotted knapweed, spotted knapweed agents won't attack 19:34.366 --> 19:36.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% a Russian knapweed. 19:36.700 --> 19:39.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% This is one agent that we're putting out. 19:39.666 --> 19:41.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% The other one is a small (mumbling) 19:41.500 --> 19:43.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% that attacks the tips of the plant. 19:43.500 --> 19:44.966 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% And that has multiple generations. 19:44.966 --> 19:46.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - [Barry] I think Jeff, Hayden just brought up 19:46.500 --> 19:49.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% something that you spent a lot of your time on 19:49.533 --> 19:52.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% as we import some of these biological control agents 19:52.100 --> 19:54.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% from overseas, you have to make sure they don't 19:54.100 --> 19:55.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% attack our crops. 19:56.366 --> 19:58.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Yes, it depends on. 19:58.366 --> 20:00.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - A lot off the work that Jeff does. 20:00.566 --> 20:02.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - And some of that work is done overseas 20:02.300 --> 20:03.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% by a co-operators. 20:04.700 --> 20:06.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - [Jack] On that note we had a questions come in 20:06.700 --> 20:07.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% from out in Gateway. 20:07.866 --> 20:10.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And they have a small patch of leafy spurge. 20:10.933 --> 20:12.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Would it be better to spray it? 20:12.666 --> 20:16.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Or would it be better to use a biocontrol agent? 20:16.366 --> 20:18.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - One thing I found over the years 20:18.300 --> 20:22.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% what people consider a small batch is quite variable. 20:22.133 --> 20:24.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Sometimes a small batch 20:24.766 --> 20:26.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% is just a few plants. 20:27.833 --> 20:29.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Sometimes it's much bigger infestation. 20:29.800 --> 20:32.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% If it's a really small infestation 20:33.700 --> 20:36.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% my suggestion would be to probably just spray it 20:36.333 --> 20:39.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% if you don't have anything else in the area. 20:39.866 --> 20:41.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% The small infestations, the roots haven't 20:41.866 --> 20:44.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% been established very well, in leafy spurge 20:44.100 --> 20:46.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% they go down quite deep 20:46.000 --> 20:47.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and quite extensive root system. 20:47.766 --> 20:50.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So if you can get that early before the roots 20:50.100 --> 20:52.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% really become established 20:53.266 --> 20:56.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% that is probably the better than biocontrol. 20:56.366 --> 20:58.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Who is the best person for someone to contact? 20:58.166 --> 21:00.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I get a lot of calls from extension agents 21:00.033 --> 21:01.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% in the community, they want to 21:01.733 --> 21:03.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% release the agents or want to know who to contact. 21:03.866 --> 21:07.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Is there a lot of them, or some of your agents 21:07.366 --> 21:09.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% available though the state 21:09.166 --> 21:10.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that they could, I mean. 21:10.766 --> 21:14.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - There's a variety of sources for agents. 21:15.500 --> 21:18.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% You can buy some of them commercially. 21:18.233 --> 21:20.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Some of the newer ones, I'm always looking 21:20.666 --> 21:22.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% for research sites. 21:23.600 --> 21:27.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Over in Missoula County Melissa Mageo Cassner 21:27.100 --> 21:29.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% is the biocontrol coordinator. 21:29.900 --> 21:33.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Every winter she puts out a request list 21:34.533 --> 21:38.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% for mostly state and county people. 21:38.066 --> 21:40.066 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Okay. - Wheat suppliers 21:40.966 --> 21:43.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% requesting that might have a request for 21:43.500 --> 21:44.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% biocontrol agents. - [Laurie] Oh great. 21:44.833 --> 21:49.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - There's also school groups that produce biocontrol agents. 21:49.766 --> 21:51.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And will give them out. 21:51.533 --> 21:52.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - [Laurie] Okay. 21:52.833 --> 21:55.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - [Jack] Barry, on a related topic from Three Forks. 21:55.533 --> 21:58.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I kind of have to agree with this question. 21:58.066 --> 22:00.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% They have seen a lot of advertisement 22:00.633 --> 22:03.700 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% and a lot of information crossing 22:03.700 --> 22:06.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% their magazines, Ag magazines talking about 22:06.800 --> 22:08.800 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% biostimulants. 22:08.800 --> 22:10.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Are these bathtub brews, or are they actually 22:10.966 --> 22:12.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% some good biostimulants out there? 22:12.666 --> 22:14.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% What is a biostimulant? 22:14.200 --> 22:18.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Well, there are bacterias that colonize roots 22:19.866 --> 22:22.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and sometimes they get insides of plants 22:22.900 --> 22:25.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% that produce some of the plant hormones 22:25.200 --> 22:27.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that cause things to grow faster. 22:27.266 --> 22:29.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% More importantly they're probably very very important 22:29.500 --> 22:33.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% (mumbling) both phosphorous and potassium. 22:35.100 --> 22:37.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So there are legitimate things, I would have said 22:37.700 --> 22:40.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% 20 years ago we had a lot of things 22:40.266 --> 22:43.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% that were probably witches brews of some sort. 22:43.266 --> 22:46.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Today we've really got some actual products out there 22:46.600 --> 22:49.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that work as advertised. 22:49.200 --> 22:53.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% They can be applied as seed treatments, most of them. 22:53.466 --> 22:55.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% You got to remember with anything when you're 22:55.033 --> 22:56.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% dealing with biocontrol, you're dealing with 22:56.533 --> 22:57.866 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% living things. - [Jack] Right. 22:57.866 --> 23:00.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - So you've got to take care of your (mumbling). 23:00.233 --> 23:02.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% It's just like the (mumbling) we put on 23:02.333 --> 23:04.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% (mumbling) for example. 23:04.066 --> 23:06.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% If it's dead it's not gonna fix nitrogen. 23:06.766 --> 23:09.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - [Jack] Most of what I've read about the biostimulants 23:09.100 --> 23:11.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% in the magazines and so forth 23:11.866 --> 23:15.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% are geared towards row crops more than 23:15.000 --> 23:17.900 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% wheat or pulse crops, is that true? 23:17.900 --> 23:19.466 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88% - No, no. - [Jack] Okay. 23:19.466 --> 23:21.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - We've actually gotten some pretty good materials 23:21.533 --> 23:23.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% coming down the road. 23:24.266 --> 23:26.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% This is one of the reasons we actually 23:26.566 --> 23:29.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% at the Central Agricultural Research Station 23:29.100 --> 23:31.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Judd Eberly is a new scientist. 23:31.600 --> 23:34.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And he's applied so much (mumbling) 23:34.000 --> 23:36.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% It's his job to actually find out how these 23:36.266 --> 23:38.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% things will work in Montana. 23:38.833 --> 23:41.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% On what crops, and how to use them the best way. 23:41.766 --> 23:44.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Do they actually help in water uptake. 23:44.400 --> 23:47.500 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% Phosphorous solubization, potassium, 23:47.500 --> 23:48.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% plant hormones. 23:49.900 --> 23:52.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So that's gonna be his area of study. 23:52.166 --> 23:53.100 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - [Jack] Good. 23:53.100 --> 23:54.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Laurie, from Bowsman. 23:56.933 --> 23:59.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% This person's neighbors 23:59.266 --> 24:03.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% cottonwood tree is dropping tons of sticky leaf buds. 24:03.900 --> 24:05.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% The dogs get them stuck in their fur 24:05.866 --> 24:07.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and bring them inside. 24:07.400 --> 24:09.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% The cat licks them off her fur. 24:09.800 --> 24:11.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Are they toxic? 24:11.266 --> 24:13.366 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% Or what do you think that might be? 24:13.366 --> 24:15.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - I think that might be another aphid issue. 24:15.433 --> 24:17.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% So if it's if you got some aphids 24:17.900 --> 24:19.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% aphids release honeydew, and that's the sticky stuff 24:19.566 --> 24:21.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that's coming off the leaves. 24:21.700 --> 24:23.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So, it's not toxic. 24:23.000 --> 24:25.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% It is a little bit of a nuisance and sometimes 24:25.100 --> 24:26.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% can attract sitting molds. 24:26.700 --> 24:28.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Jack] That's true. - And it's sometimes 24:28.066 --> 24:30.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% on sidewalks it can turn black 24:30.033 --> 24:31.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and from the sitting mold. 24:31.366 --> 24:33.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - [Jack] You don't want to park your car under those trees. 24:33.200 --> 24:34.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - No (laughs) no. 24:34.733 --> 24:37.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Hayden, why is phosphorous deficiency 24:38.933 --> 24:41.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% more of an issue in eastern Montana? 24:41.500 --> 24:45.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And this question actually came in from Mile City. 24:45.333 --> 24:48.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Well for one thing, phosphorous is generally 24:48.900 --> 24:52.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% tied up to a very high degree with calcium. 24:53.866 --> 24:57.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And the eastern Montana soils are loaded 24:57.566 --> 24:58.666 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% with calcium. 25:00.533 --> 25:03.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So it's a very slow release process. 25:04.400 --> 25:08.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Now if you analyzed some of that soil 25:08.133 --> 25:11.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and really analyzed it completely you'd find 25:11.233 --> 25:15.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% enough phosphorous to fertilize half of the Gallatin Valley. 25:17.100 --> 25:19.866 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% But it ain't available to plants. 25:21.000 --> 25:21.833 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25% So the 25:25.333 --> 25:28.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% calcium issue in eastern Montana 25:28.900 --> 25:33.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% is a bigger factor in phosphorous availability 25:33.000 --> 25:36.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% than the actual amount of phosphorous that's there. 25:36.800 --> 25:40.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - This is ties back into the biostimulant. 25:40.133 --> 25:43.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% If you can get some good root colonizing bacteria 25:43.300 --> 25:45.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that actually start to disassociate 25:45.733 --> 25:47.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% the calcium and phosphorus 25:47.366 --> 25:49.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% makes it available to the plant. 25:49.300 --> 25:52.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And this is a huge area of research 25:52.866 --> 25:55.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% with tremendous economic implications. 25:55.966 --> 25:56.933 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% - Yeah yeah. 25:56.933 --> 25:58.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I didn't know it was going on 25:58.633 --> 26:03.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% but it makes total sense if you could make it work 26:03.100 --> 26:06.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% in any place that is dominated with 26:07.633 --> 26:10.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% the kind of rock that's east of Bowsman 26:13.500 --> 26:15.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% is gonna be short of phosphorous. 26:15.800 --> 26:17.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Barry] Yeah. - You know Hayden 26:17.233 --> 26:19.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% I've always been told that phosphorous 26:19.366 --> 26:22.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% to be available to a plant has to be 26:22.000 --> 26:24.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% incorporated in the soil. 26:24.233 --> 26:26.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And a lot of people put 26:26.333 --> 26:29.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% nitrogen phosphorous from potassium on their lawn 26:29.066 --> 26:31.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and they just sprinkle it over the top. 26:31.533 --> 26:34.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Is that phosphorous ever available to? 26:34.166 --> 26:35.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - [Hayden] Oh yeah some of it is. 26:35.500 --> 26:37.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Let me tell you a story about. 26:37.566 --> 26:39.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - Uh oh I shouldn't have asked. 26:39.033 --> 26:40.033 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% (laughing) 26:40.033 --> 26:42.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - A long time ago my dad decided 26:42.966 --> 26:45.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% he would plant a lot of potatoes. 26:45.900 --> 26:47.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Along came a county agent 26:50.366 --> 26:53.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% who was an icon in this part of the world. 26:55.133 --> 26:58.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And my brother and I were walking along 26:58.133 --> 27:02.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% throwing a spoonful of treble super phosphate 27:02.600 --> 27:04.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% on each seed potato. 27:06.833 --> 27:10.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And the county agent said, "I think that's gonna 27:10.033 --> 27:11.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% "burn the potato. 27:14.300 --> 27:18.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% "So plant it a couple of three inches away from that seed." 27:20.700 --> 27:24.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Okay, we harvested those things next fall 27:24.600 --> 27:28.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% where we put the phosphorous on the seed 27:28.666 --> 27:31.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% the potatoes were this big. 27:31.066 --> 27:35.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Where we put it several inches from the seed 27:35.033 --> 27:37.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% you could stuff it in that cup. 27:37.500 --> 27:41.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Phosphorous does not move readily in soils. 27:42.800 --> 27:45.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% The roots have to go get it. 27:46.933 --> 27:48.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Good story Hayden. (laughs) 27:48.766 --> 27:50.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And I have heard this before. 27:50.933 --> 27:53.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Jeff, from (mumbling), what establishes 27:53.366 --> 27:55.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% a biological control for one of my 27:55.833 --> 28:00.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% all-time least favorite weeds, houndstongue? 28:00.000 --> 28:01.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Houndstongue. 28:01.200 --> 28:04.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Hmmm, that is a sticky (laughs) 28:04.900 --> 28:07.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% question biocontrol-wise. 28:09.800 --> 28:13.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% There's one agent that attacks the 28:13.000 --> 28:14.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% developing seeds 28:17.300 --> 28:20.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% that will probably be petitioned for a field release 28:20.300 --> 28:21.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% in another year. 28:21.666 --> 28:24.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% That's very host specific agent. 28:24.733 --> 28:27.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% The other agent is an agent that had been approved 28:27.266 --> 28:30.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% up in Canada, but not approved down in the U.S. 28:30.200 --> 28:33.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% because of a possible non-target impacts 28:34.533 --> 28:38.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% on other native (mumbling). 28:38.633 --> 28:42.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% However, that agent has moved over the border. 28:43.366 --> 28:45.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And established in Montana. 28:45.133 --> 28:46.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So the question now is 28:49.766 --> 28:51.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% whether or not to move it around the state 28:51.600 --> 28:53.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and which we're not recommending 28:53.466 --> 28:56.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% until we get some additional information 28:56.766 --> 28:58.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% about what sort of impact it might have 28:58.866 --> 29:00.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% or it might not have 29:00.500 --> 29:01.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% on native plants. 29:01.900 --> 29:05.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Right now it looks like they have very little impact. 29:05.200 --> 29:08.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% And that we can petition for release. 29:08.933 --> 29:12.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So technically you cannot move that agent 29:12.533 --> 29:14.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% across state lines 29:14.300 --> 29:16.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% without being penalized. 29:17.266 --> 29:20.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% We're not recommending that be moved within state. 29:20.966 --> 29:23.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Up in Canada it is a good agent. 29:23.266 --> 29:24.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Jack] Barry. 29:24.200 --> 29:28.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Now when (mumbling) was in my lab 29:28.600 --> 29:31.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and I had a lab did a lot of biological control work. 29:31.600 --> 29:34.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% She had a bacterium (mumbling) 29:34.700 --> 29:37.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% common leaf occurring thing. 29:38.100 --> 29:39.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And it worked quite well on houndstongue 29:39.933 --> 29:41.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that were out in the full sun. 29:41.600 --> 29:43.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% If they were in partial sun 29:43.666 --> 29:45.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% it didn't work so well. 29:45.000 --> 29:47.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And there are a lot of, it had worked well 29:47.966 --> 29:49.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% enough people said you should commercialize that. 29:49.866 --> 29:53.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Well you had something for one single plant 29:53.033 --> 29:55.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and it's to get through all the EPA labeling 29:55.700 --> 29:57.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and everything like that 29:57.333 --> 30:00.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% is just too much for just that single use. 30:00.866 --> 30:03.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But there are some other biological controls 30:03.433 --> 30:05.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I've seen houndstongue dying from 30:05.466 --> 30:07.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% what I think is a (mumbling) wilt. 30:07.966 --> 30:10.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So they are attacked by other things. 30:10.533 --> 30:12.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - [Jack] A day where I run around with the dogs 30:12.966 --> 30:15.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% most of the houndstongue is pretty active. 30:15.433 --> 30:16.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - [Barry] Well Jack, that's why I've got 30:16.833 --> 30:19.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% the German shorthairs. (laughing) 30:19.866 --> 30:22.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [Jack] Yeah the goldens do have an issue 30:22.033 --> 30:24.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% with weeds, I agree with you there. 30:24.300 --> 30:26.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Laurie, from Missoula. 30:27.233 --> 30:31.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% This person has brown beetles and grubs in their garden. 30:31.300 --> 30:33.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Will they hurt the vegetables? 30:33.733 --> 30:35.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - At this time of year that maybe there is 30:35.566 --> 30:36.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% May June beetles. 30:36.866 --> 30:41.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And they're more of a issue with turf grass. 30:41.266 --> 30:43.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And I actually would check your turf grass 30:43.533 --> 30:46.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and in the turf grass they're called white grubs. 30:46.266 --> 30:48.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% And they spend most of their time under the soil. 30:48.366 --> 30:50.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% They can potentially cause some damage 30:50.766 --> 30:51.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% in your garden. 30:51.833 --> 30:56.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% But it's they're more of a nuisance in the turf grass 30:56.033 --> 30:58.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and then more of a nuisance they come to your porch lights 30:58.100 --> 31:00.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% kind of in a couple weeks here. 31:00.666 --> 31:02.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So not much of a problem. 31:02.233 --> 31:05.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - I actually rototilled a patch of garden last week 31:05.566 --> 31:08.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and I saw some cut worms in the garden. 31:08.433 --> 31:09.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Laurie] Oh really. 31:09.466 --> 31:13.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - So that could be what those grubs look like. 31:13.366 --> 31:16.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Probably the army cut worms, I would assume? 31:16.066 --> 31:18.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Yeah the grubs for the May June beetles 31:18.200 --> 31:20.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% are white and they're C-shaped. 31:20.000 --> 31:23.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But there are the army cut worms are 31:23.133 --> 31:24.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% have a little bit of striping 31:24.900 --> 31:26.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and a little bit different. 31:26.633 --> 31:28.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - [Jack] I've seen cut worms in gardens 31:28.566 --> 31:31.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% go to town on a lot of different plants. 31:31.800 --> 31:32.666 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% - Oh yeah. 31:32.666 --> 31:35.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - If they really want to know for sure 31:35.833 --> 31:37.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% they could send you some. 31:37.333 --> 31:38.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Laurie] They could send me the grub. 31:38.666 --> 31:39.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - (laughs) Okay. - Or the immature. 31:39.966 --> 31:41.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - [Jack] All right. 31:41.233 --> 31:43.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Barry, question came in 31:43.733 --> 31:46.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% I think it was from Highsham last week. 31:46.366 --> 31:49.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% They say they had lesions on spring wheat. 31:49.366 --> 31:51.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% It headed out and didn't produce any berries 31:51.833 --> 31:54.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% on the variety vita, which is a very popular variety 31:54.666 --> 31:55.833 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% in the state. 31:55.833 --> 31:58.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Any thought what might have caused that 31:58.433 --> 32:00.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% without seeing it? 32:00.733 --> 32:02.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Yeah without seeing it it's difficult. 32:02.400 --> 32:05.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% It is in low areas I might suspect frost. 32:05.066 --> 32:07.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% We did have some frost lat year, right near 32:07.700 --> 32:09.333 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% heading time. 32:09.333 --> 32:12.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% It could be a headlight or scab. 32:12.333 --> 32:14.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Another one that they talked about lesions 32:14.800 --> 32:17.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% if they had kind of diamond shaped lesions 32:17.233 --> 32:18.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% down on the lower part of the stem 32:18.733 --> 32:22.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% this could be (mumbling) sharp eye spot. 32:22.100 --> 32:25.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And actually I have seen that not very far from Highsham. 32:25.900 --> 32:28.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% A good friend of mine had some on his farm 32:28.333 --> 32:31.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and we got him changed up on seed treatment. 32:31.000 --> 32:33.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And that took care of it. 32:34.633 --> 32:36.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - [Jack] All right thanks Barry. 32:36.700 --> 32:40.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% From Hindsdale, Jeff, is there any biological control 32:40.033 --> 32:42.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% available for field bind wheat? 32:42.466 --> 32:44.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - [Jeff] For field bind wheat we were working with 32:44.666 --> 32:47.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% a gall mite back in the mid '90's. 32:49.200 --> 32:52.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% The mite attacks the leaves causing it to fold 32:52.200 --> 32:53.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and to curl up. 32:53.466 --> 32:57.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And under heavy populations it really stunts the plant 32:57.500 --> 32:59.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% so your bind wheat plant just comes up 32:59.966 --> 33:04.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and it's just kind of a knotted mass of gall material. 33:06.966 --> 33:10.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% That was fairly widespread in eastern Montana. 33:10.100 --> 33:13.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But maybe about eight years ago we had that 33:13.000 --> 33:14.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% 100 year flood where we had 33:14.866 --> 33:16.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% a very very wet spring. 33:16.866 --> 33:18.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% That seemed to knock the population back 33:18.600 --> 33:21.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and it really hasn't rebounded very well. 33:21.366 --> 33:25.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So the mite does well in dry open areas. 33:25.400 --> 33:27.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% But it's very inconsistent. 33:27.133 --> 33:30.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% As you go south into Colorado, or even down Texas 33:30.466 --> 33:32.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% it seems to be more effective. 33:34.100 --> 33:36.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Another agent was a moth, a defoliating moth 33:36.966 --> 33:38.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% that we put out. 33:38.033 --> 33:41.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Established also down in Colorado and Idaho 33:41.533 --> 33:42.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% but not in Montana. 33:42.900 --> 33:45.466 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% And that has question about that. 33:45.466 --> 33:47.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - That is a tough wheat to control. 33:47.300 --> 33:48.133 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% - Oh yeah. 33:48.133 --> 33:49.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - They are looking for additional agents 33:49.833 --> 33:52.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and I think there's dust and mining lye 33:52.466 --> 33:54.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% that they're considering. 33:54.100 --> 33:55.433 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - [Jack] Okay. - In Europe. 33:55.433 --> 33:58.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - [Jack] Hayden, standard question 33:59.500 --> 34:01.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% comes in every spring. 34:01.566 --> 34:06.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% They need to know how much nitrogen is required 34:06.000 --> 34:08.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% to get a bushel of spring wheat 34:09.566 --> 34:11.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and/or winter wheat? 34:11.766 --> 34:14.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Do you want to get that one? 34:14.100 --> 34:16.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - A little more for winter wheat only because 34:16.633 --> 34:20.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% you probably have more water available. 34:20.166 --> 34:21.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% But, it takes about 34:23.366 --> 34:24.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% 100 pounds of N 34:26.666 --> 34:29.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% wherever the source of the N is 34:29.766 --> 34:33.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% for a 40 bushel crop of wheat, winter wheat. 34:33.566 --> 34:37.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And it takes a little more than that actually 34:38.766 --> 34:41.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% so it would be a little more careful 34:41.933 --> 34:42.766 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% with that. 34:43.700 --> 34:47.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And probably because the water ratio with spring wheat 34:49.066 --> 34:51.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% you might get by with less. 34:51.366 --> 34:53.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But that's questionable. 34:55.100 --> 34:58.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And it may not be questionable though with 35:00.066 --> 35:02.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% what's the cost of nitrogen today? 35:02.700 --> 35:05.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - [Jack] I'm not sure this year. 35:05.100 --> 35:06.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - 30 cents a pound? 35:08.300 --> 35:10.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - [Barry] No I'm gonna guess a little higher than that. 35:10.300 --> 35:13.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - It was 23 when I was dealing with it. 35:13.833 --> 35:14.666 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. 35:15.566 --> 35:19.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - You're doubling the cost of your input there 35:19.266 --> 35:21.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% so be a bit careful with that. 35:21.633 --> 35:24.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - [Jack] On that note, for winter wheat producers, 35:24.633 --> 35:27.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% spring wheat producers, most people do a pretty good 35:27.266 --> 35:29.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% job in today's world to fertilize. 35:29.033 --> 35:30.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - [Hayden] Yeah. - And that was not 35:30.800 --> 35:32.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% the case 30 years ago. 35:32.433 --> 35:34.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% There was a lot of people who did not use 35:34.266 --> 35:35.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% a lot of fertilizer. 35:35.600 --> 35:38.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Let's change the subject a little bit and go to lawns. 35:38.566 --> 35:41.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% How much nitrogen would you use 35:41.133 --> 35:43.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% on 1,000 square feet of lawn? 35:45.366 --> 35:46.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Well, any more 35:48.866 --> 35:51.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I tell the lady who sprays it 35:52.466 --> 35:54.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% to put on whatever the 35:55.566 --> 35:57.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% extents and service recommends. 35:57.966 --> 36:00.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - [Jack] (laughs) Okay. 36:00.066 --> 36:03.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% You know I probably under-fertilize my yard. 36:03.366 --> 36:05.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% But then again, I don't run my. 36:05.333 --> 36:07.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Hayden] Most people over-fertilize. 36:07.100 --> 36:07.966 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - That's true. 36:07.966 --> 36:10.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - [Hayden] And then they over-water. 36:10.100 --> 36:13.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% And nitrogen is extremely moldable 36:13.200 --> 36:14.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% because it's NIN. 36:16.100 --> 36:19.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Most of the nitrogen is, it's an NIN. 36:20.733 --> 36:23.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% And if you want to kill your neighbors cows 36:23.733 --> 36:26.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% with nitrate poisoning, that's probably 36:26.600 --> 36:28.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% a good way to do it. 36:28.000 --> 36:30.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - [Jack] (laughs) Okay. 36:30.066 --> 36:35.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Laurie, a comment from Plains on using yeast on the ants. 36:35.066 --> 36:38.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% This person says yeast packets work on sugar ants. 36:38.633 --> 36:40.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Was there such a thing as sugar ants? 36:40.833 --> 36:44.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - I don't know what, yeah I'm not sure. 36:44.833 --> 36:46.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Jack] What they do is they use a packet 36:46.933 --> 36:49.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% at the entry point into the house 36:49.400 --> 36:51.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and replenish until the ants stop. 36:51.866 --> 36:53.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% This will eliminate the problem. 36:53.966 --> 36:55.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Give them another source? 36:55.233 --> 36:56.900 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. - Yeah yeah. 36:56.900 --> 37:00.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Laurie, I want to have you up from Manhattan. 37:02.133 --> 37:04.333 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% This question concerns dandelions. 37:04.333 --> 37:06.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Some say they are the most important plant 37:06.533 --> 37:09.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% for maintaining honey bee populations. 37:09.366 --> 37:10.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% What are your thoughts on that? 37:10.633 --> 37:12.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - [Laurie] They are one of the earliest 37:12.600 --> 37:14.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% things out there for that are blooming. 37:14.666 --> 37:16.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So they're very important for 37:16.766 --> 37:18.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% if you do start a honey bee colony that's one of 37:18.833 --> 37:20.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% the things that they suggest is make sure that 37:20.533 --> 37:23.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% you have a good pollen source right away. 37:23.733 --> 37:26.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And early on, and if you can put your honey bees 37:26.433 --> 37:29.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% somewhere where you have some dandelions 37:29.533 --> 37:31.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% then yeah, it's they're important. 37:31.733 --> 37:33.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - [Jack] There's no shortage of dandelions 37:33.366 --> 37:35.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in the Gallatin County. - Yeah not at all. 37:35.100 --> 37:35.933 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:9.38% Yeah. 37:35.933 --> 37:38.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - And they're really attractive, I think. 37:38.700 --> 37:40.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - [Laurie] Yeah, early season. - They are. 37:40.100 --> 37:41.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - [Laurie] Yeah. 37:41.633 --> 37:45.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Barry, this probably came in last week 37:45.566 --> 37:48.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and we didn't get to it on the organic program we had. 37:48.766 --> 37:51.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But this person would like to know what is new 37:51.166 --> 37:53.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% in organic research at MSU? 37:55.033 --> 37:58.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Well I think MSU has had a long-term 37:58.033 --> 38:01.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% interest in organic related research. 38:01.966 --> 38:04.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Certainly Jeff Littlefield's lab 38:04.666 --> 38:07.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% using biocontrol for noxious weeds. 38:07.166 --> 38:09.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% We've had a lot of efforts in disease 38:09.200 --> 38:12.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and other insect control with biological agents. 38:12.966 --> 38:15.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Certainly we can, one of the things we're always 38:15.233 --> 38:17.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% studying is what are the mechanisms 38:17.000 --> 38:21.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% for the biological suppression of any of our pests. 38:21.166 --> 38:24.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Our breeding programs, particularly in our cereal crops 38:24.133 --> 38:26.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% breeding for disease resistance, that's 38:26.233 --> 38:28.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% organic-related work. 38:28.600 --> 38:31.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Doing a lot of work now in cropping systems. 38:31.366 --> 38:34.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And I think the Ag Experiment Station 38:35.633 --> 38:37.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% we look at biological systems 38:37.800 --> 38:39.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and try to understand them. 38:39.766 --> 38:43.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And I think from that work the organic producer 38:43.400 --> 38:45.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% gets very good information 38:45.366 --> 38:48.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% but as well as our traditional agriculture. 38:48.333 --> 38:52.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So we have relatively little work that just focuses 38:52.800 --> 38:55.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% strictly on organic agriculture. 38:55.300 --> 38:58.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I might say that the we've done some really 38:58.633 --> 39:02.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% revolutionary work in the area of cover crops. 39:02.233 --> 39:04.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% To use manual crop plannings for hay 39:04.800 --> 39:05.633 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% and whatnot. 39:05.633 --> 39:07.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And I think these are gonna play a real important role 39:07.833 --> 39:11.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% in Montana agriculture from more of the organic 39:11.366 --> 39:14.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% perspective perhaps long-term in getting 39:14.533 --> 39:16.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% organic matter up 39:16.366 --> 39:19.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and proving water infiltration, things of that nature. 39:19.666 --> 39:21.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - You know, you mention organic matter. 39:21.366 --> 39:23.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% We got one of our experts on that. 39:23.900 --> 39:27.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% It's my impression that over the last 20, 25 years 39:27.266 --> 39:31.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% statewide, the organic content of our soils 39:31.000 --> 39:33.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% has actually increased significantly. 39:33.533 --> 39:36.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Would you agree with that, Hayden or Barry? 39:36.333 --> 39:38.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - [Barry] I think no till has had a tremendous 39:38.900 --> 39:40.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% impact on that. 39:40.800 --> 39:43.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Although Jack, it's still not back where it needs to be. 39:43.966 --> 39:45.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% One of the things that's very impressive to me 39:45.700 --> 39:48.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% is up at the northern Ag Research Station in Havern 39:48.866 --> 39:50.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% we've got native prairie up there. 39:50.866 --> 39:53.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% That native prairie's got an organic matter 39:53.766 --> 39:55.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% levels five, three, five, 39:55.300 --> 39:57.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% five and a half percent. 39:57.533 --> 39:59.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Laurie] Wow. - Where we've cropped 39:59.433 --> 40:01.866 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% there for 100 years, the research 40:01.866 --> 40:05.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% we're down to one percent, one and a half percent. 40:05.133 --> 40:07.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - [Hayden] THat's right. - And you know 40:07.133 --> 40:11.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% a lot of our guys that have gone to no till 40:11.200 --> 40:14.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% we're starting to see that two, two and a half percent 40:14.233 --> 40:17.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% we're coming back up, but it takes a long time. 40:17.100 --> 40:18.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [Jeff] It does. 40:18.366 --> 40:20.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - All right, thank you. 40:20.033 --> 40:21.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Jeff, from Livingston. 40:21.800 --> 40:23.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% This person would like to know, are there any 40:23.633 --> 40:26.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% biocontrols for bell flower? 40:26.133 --> 40:28.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And I'm not sure what bell flower is. 40:28.366 --> 40:30.700 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% - [Jeff] No. - Okay. 40:30.700 --> 40:32.133 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% - Sometimes. - Not that I'm aware 40:32.133 --> 40:33.866 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% of, anyway. - All right. 40:33.866 --> 40:37.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And the other one that we have, have you ever heard of 40:37.733 --> 40:40.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% minors candle or mullen? 40:40.066 --> 40:43.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And are there any biological controls for those? 40:43.100 --> 40:45.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - [Jeff] For mullen 40:45.366 --> 40:48.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% there is a weavel that accidentally 40:48.100 --> 40:51.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% got introduced that attacks the flower heads. 40:51.133 --> 40:53.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% It is established in the state. 40:53.600 --> 40:56.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Unfortunately it doesn't build up high enough 40:56.033 --> 40:58.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% populations to impact the seed production. 40:58.833 --> 41:01.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% It has a lot of seeds and that mullens produce 41:01.800 --> 41:04.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and the weavels just can't keep up with that. 41:04.633 --> 41:07.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Mullen is a tough bugger to control period. 41:07.700 --> 41:09.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% There's no doubt about that. 41:09.266 --> 41:11.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% And I'll save that because Jane's gonna be around 41:11.766 --> 41:14.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and she might have some suggestions 41:14.166 --> 41:17.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% on which herbicides would work best for that. 41:17.566 --> 41:19.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Getting back to your last question 41:19.300 --> 41:21.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that me and Jeff just said no. 41:21.700 --> 41:25.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Just like our crop plants, or our ornamentals 41:25.200 --> 41:27.500 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% all plants are attacked by things. 41:27.500 --> 41:30.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And it's just understanding how we can manipulate 41:30.166 --> 41:33.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% the environment or manipulate the populations 41:33.233 --> 41:34.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% of these agents. 41:34.500 --> 41:35.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% So there are biocontrols 41:35.966 --> 41:38.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% they're just not commercial biocontrols. 41:38.533 --> 41:40.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - I was going to ask Jeff 41:40.366 --> 41:43.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% if the tell us about outstanding 41:46.033 --> 41:49.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% biocontrol systems that are documented 41:51.400 --> 41:55.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and have made a huge difference, huge, a big difference 41:56.533 --> 41:59.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% in the growth of some obnoxious plant. 42:00.866 --> 42:02.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - There's probably several examples. 42:02.666 --> 42:06.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% One that may relate to Montana is Tansy ragwort. 42:06.966 --> 42:09.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% We do have Tansy ragwort in the state up in 42:09.133 --> 42:10.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% the northwest corner. 42:11.900 --> 42:16.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% That was a big biocontrol project in western Washington, 42:16.133 --> 42:19.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and Oregon, and northern California. 42:19.966 --> 42:22.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% They had several agents center bar moth 42:22.966 --> 42:25.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and a three beetle that they introduced. 42:25.100 --> 42:28.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And it was very effective in reducing Tansy ragwort. 42:28.300 --> 42:32.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Tansy ragwort is also poisonous to livestock cattle. 42:35.000 --> 42:37.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% We've introduced some of the same agents 42:37.933 --> 42:41.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% in northwest Montana and they've been equally effective. 42:41.900 --> 42:45.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% We've brought in a different strain of the flea beetle 42:45.100 --> 42:48.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that is more cold hearty that seems to be doing quite well. 42:48.966 --> 42:51.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% The center bar moth is really doing well 42:51.500 --> 42:53.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% up in northern Montana. 42:53.100 --> 42:56.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So, that would probably be an example of 42:57.833 --> 43:00.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% a really important biocontrol agent 43:00.100 --> 43:03.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% that's been effective across regions. 43:03.333 --> 43:05.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Rather than just localized. - Right. 43:05.766 --> 43:09.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Has there been a release of a particular bug 43:10.700 --> 43:13.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% that is dessimated the particular weed? 43:15.900 --> 43:17.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - [Jeff] Usually 43:18.600 --> 43:22.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% biocontrol the insects kind of leave a few 43:22.033 --> 43:23.733 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% weeks behind. - Yeah they have to 43:23.733 --> 43:25.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% if they want to eat wheat. 43:25.666 --> 43:28.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Although some of my ragwort agents 43:28.200 --> 43:32.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% actually will eliminate the weed from a particular area. 43:32.100 --> 43:34.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% But eventually the seeds might germinate 43:34.200 --> 43:35.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and they come back. 43:37.066 --> 43:37.900 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88% Let's see 43:41.166 --> 43:44.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% some of the agents on St John's Worts 43:44.666 --> 43:46.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% can be very effective 43:46.866 --> 43:49.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% in reducing the populations down to low levels. 43:49.400 --> 43:52.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% But they have a kind of up and down cycles 43:52.566 --> 43:53.400 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88% where the 43:56.700 --> 43:59.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% we target weeds start to increase the 43:59.800 --> 44:02.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% biocontrol agents eventually catch us up with it 44:02.900 --> 44:05.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% to make an impact to make the population crash. 44:05.933 --> 44:09.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% With that system it's kind of a long up and down cycle 44:09.166 --> 44:11.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% maybe like 10 years. 44:11.000 --> 44:13.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% For something like. - Barry would agree 44:13.666 --> 44:15.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% that the lack of a dramatic 44:19.266 --> 44:20.100 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% control 44:22.133 --> 44:26.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% is more reason to work hard on it, than not. 44:26.466 --> 44:28.433 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. - We can't 44:28.433 --> 44:31.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% stop working on biocontrol. 44:31.433 --> 44:32.266 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:9.38% - No. 44:32.266 --> 44:34.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% You know one of the things I was gonna mention Jeff 44:34.266 --> 44:38.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% in sites we know the flea beetle won't spurge. 44:38.033 --> 44:40.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% When I first came here 25 years ago 44:40.866 --> 44:42.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% almost 26 years ago 44:42.700 --> 44:46.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% the Story Hills were just covered with spurge. 44:46.466 --> 44:49.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And there's still some spurge there 44:49.166 --> 44:51.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but not like it was. 44:51.433 --> 44:53.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% What's your impression of? 44:53.933 --> 44:56.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Well at least up there there has been some 44:56.100 --> 44:57.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% chemical treatments, as well. 44:57.566 --> 44:59.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% So it's not entirely biocontrol. 44:59.866 --> 45:03.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Leafy spurge has been pretty effective in some habitats. 45:04.866 --> 45:07.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% The flea beetles tend to be somewhat habitat specific 45:07.533 --> 45:08.733 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% sometimes. 45:08.733 --> 45:11.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And it's one of those systems where it 45:11.800 --> 45:14.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% can benefit from an integration of 45:14.333 --> 45:16.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% other management techniques. 45:16.133 --> 45:18.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Especially grazing with sheep 45:18.166 --> 45:21.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% you go in there, thin out the leafy spurge 45:21.233 --> 45:23.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% the flea beetles seem to be doing a lot better. 45:23.600 --> 45:26.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Same way with chemical control. 45:26.066 --> 45:28.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% The combination of simple techniques 45:28.400 --> 45:30.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that can benefit biocontrol now. 45:30.400 --> 45:32.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - The sheep are biocontrol agents. 45:32.100 --> 45:33.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Well they are. (laughing) 45:33.233 --> 45:34.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% They are kind of biocontrol. 45:34.533 --> 45:35.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [Jack] And they taste good too. 45:35.866 --> 45:37.200 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:15% (laughs) 45:37.200 --> 45:40.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - From Stephensville, is there a way to get rid of 45:40.466 --> 45:42.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% crab grass in the lawn, and the answer is no. 45:42.900 --> 45:46.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% The only way you can do it is take a glove 45:46.833 --> 45:50.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and Round Up, and that's a lot of work. 45:50.033 --> 45:52.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - It sounds like it. 45:52.000 --> 45:54.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - From Cut Bay, Hayden 45:54.333 --> 45:57.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% does the use of chemical fertilizers accelerate 45:57.166 --> 46:01.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% the decomposition of organic matter in the soil? 46:01.633 --> 46:05.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Well it might if it's supplied a nutrient 46:06.233 --> 46:10.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% that the bugs couldn't get on their own there. 46:11.633 --> 46:14.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But I would guess that proper fertilizer 46:16.166 --> 46:17.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% management at Cut Bay 46:18.933 --> 46:23.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% would have a positive effect on organic matter 46:23.466 --> 46:25.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% unless you burned it. 46:25.933 --> 46:27.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Then, then none 46:29.700 --> 46:31.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% fertilizer management. 46:31.700 --> 46:35.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So I think that the increase we may be seeing 46:36.300 --> 46:37.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% in organic matter 46:38.600 --> 46:39.433 align:start position:44.38% line:10% size:11.25% smally 46:41.100 --> 46:43.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% is probably more associated with 46:43.600 --> 46:47.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% good management than it is with anything else. 46:47.233 --> 46:50.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - [Jack] I would agree entirely with that Hayden. 46:50.933 --> 46:52.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Laurie, from Bowsman. 46:52.566 --> 46:55.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% They have a bunch of holes on the side 46:55.166 --> 46:56.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% of their pine tree. 46:56.766 --> 46:58.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Dozens all over the trunks and branches, 46:58.900 --> 47:00.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% is this an insect? 47:01.533 --> 47:04.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - If it's in a patterned form, and not just a couple 47:04.266 --> 47:07.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% holes here or there, it's likely is sapsucker damage. 47:07.533 --> 47:10.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And I have a lot of sapsucker damage on my pine trees 47:10.833 --> 47:12.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and several other trees. 47:12.733 --> 47:14.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And there's not much you can do about it 47:14.000 --> 47:17.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% except try to deter the birds in some way. 47:17.066 --> 47:19.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And you can use some flashy tape or something 47:19.066 --> 47:21.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% of that sort but are they protected so you 47:21.366 --> 47:22.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% can't get rid of the birds. 47:22.733 --> 47:24.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% It's they're taking the sap out of the tree 47:24.933 --> 47:26.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% they're not boring it and looking for insects. 47:26.933 --> 47:31.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So they're not, if you have dozens it could potentially 47:31.200 --> 47:33.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% threaten the health of your tree. 47:33.366 --> 47:35.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% But just try to get the birds away. 47:35.666 --> 47:36.666 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. 47:36.666 --> 47:39.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I have seen a lot of sapsucker damage around, 47:39.000 --> 47:40.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% there's no doubt about that. 47:40.266 --> 47:41.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Yeah, me too. 47:43.533 --> 47:46.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - From Clancy, Jeff, is there any biological control 47:46.900 --> 47:49.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% agents for poison ivy? 47:49.433 --> 47:52.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And is poison ivy a big issue in Montana? 47:53.866 --> 47:55.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - If you run into it, yes. 47:55.633 --> 47:57.233 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% (laughing) 47:57.233 --> 47:59.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% There are patches of poison ivy. 48:00.666 --> 48:04.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% To my knowledge, there's no bioocontrol agents that. 48:06.266 --> 48:08.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Barry do you happen to know if there's any 48:08.433 --> 48:10.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% any sort of pathogens that they have used? 48:10.300 --> 48:13.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - I'm sure there are insects and plant pathogens 48:13.400 --> 48:15.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that attack poison ivy. 48:16.233 --> 48:18.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% We just don't have really studied them, I think. 48:18.466 --> 48:19.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Jeff] Right. 48:19.433 --> 48:22.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% And typical most native plants 48:22.400 --> 48:24.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% we don't do a lot of biocontrol work on 48:24.900 --> 48:25.733 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% because of 48:28.000 --> 48:30.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% yeah, they're native. 48:30.166 --> 48:31.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - You know it's interesting 48:31.800 --> 48:33.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and maybe somebody can explain this. 48:33.800 --> 48:36.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I've been in poison ivy many times as a kid. 48:36.866 --> 48:38.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% I've never had an issue with it. 48:38.433 --> 48:41.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Do some people react to it, and others do not? 48:41.900 --> 48:43.633 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - I think so. 48:43.633 --> 48:47.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% I grew up back east and we had a lot of poison ivy. 48:47.233 --> 48:50.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And we would burn our fields or a brush pile. 48:51.900 --> 48:55.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% And with poison ivy and the oils 48:55.333 --> 48:56.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% would get onto your skin. 48:56.933 --> 48:58.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So it becomes quite a problem. 48:58.666 --> 49:01.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I think some people are fairly resistant to. 49:01.566 --> 49:03.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - A long time ago Ford Ord 49:05.066 --> 49:07.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% was a poison ivy area of the world. 49:10.100 --> 49:13.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% And so when you were marching and the guy said, 49:13.233 --> 49:15.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% "Hit the ground." 49:15.133 --> 49:16.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% it didn't bother me. 49:16.533 --> 49:18.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But we had people almost die from it. 49:18.900 --> 49:22.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - [Jack] Yeah I've seen some nasty reactions. 49:22.600 --> 49:25.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% All right from Bowsman, a comment about 49:25.866 --> 49:29.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% the cats that had stuff sticking to them 49:29.766 --> 49:30.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% from the cottonwoods. 49:30.933 --> 49:33.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% This person says, and this is true, 49:33.066 --> 49:35.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% that bud scales from cottonwoods have a resin 49:35.100 --> 49:37.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% on them that's naturally sticky. 49:37.733 --> 49:40.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% And it also could be aphids. 49:40.633 --> 49:42.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - Yeah, thanks for that comment. 49:42.200 --> 49:43.200 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% - All right. 49:44.966 --> 49:48.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Laurie, this is south of Billings toward 49:48.533 --> 49:51.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% caller is seeing an increase in ticks and grasshoppers 49:51.900 --> 49:53.466 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% this year. 49:53.466 --> 49:57.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Would like suggestions on how to best control them. 49:57.533 --> 49:59.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Ticks are tough to control. 49:59.166 --> 50:00.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Ticks are very tough to control. 50:00.600 --> 50:01.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% I'll start with that. 50:01.466 --> 50:03.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% But just as a note I talked about this a 50:03.600 --> 50:05.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% few weeks ago when I was on. 50:05.400 --> 50:08.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% We don't have either species of ticks 50:08.133 --> 50:10.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% of the two ticks that vector 50:10.433 --> 50:12.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Lyme disease, so we're lucky there. 50:12.166 --> 50:14.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% If you're traveling outside of the state 50:14.233 --> 50:16.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% you might run into those. 50:16.533 --> 50:19.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% But they really like tall grass. 50:19.466 --> 50:22.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% I guess if you keep your, if you went away from your yard 50:22.266 --> 50:24.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% if you want to keep your lawn mowed short 50:24.933 --> 50:27.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and you don't have a lot of tall grasses 50:27.200 --> 50:29.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% then that would keep a lot of the ticks away. 50:29.133 --> 50:31.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But if you're going for a walk where anywhere 50:31.000 --> 50:33.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% you're encountering them you're gonna 50:33.000 --> 50:34.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% come across them. 50:34.066 --> 50:36.366 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Grasshoppers are really depending on 50:36.366 --> 50:39.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% they usually don't over winter don't spend 50:39.533 --> 50:41.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% don't ever spend winter in your yard. 50:41.566 --> 50:43.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% So they usually are in ditches. 50:43.833 --> 50:45.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Or somewhere close by. 50:45.266 --> 50:47.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But it's really important to try to target 50:47.266 --> 50:49.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% grasshopper control early before they 50:49.066 --> 50:52.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% get into the later stars or later stages. 50:52.333 --> 50:54.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - We actually had a question from back 50:54.733 --> 50:56.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% in the Jordan area a couple weeks ago. 50:56.466 --> 50:58.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% This person was driving along the highway 50:58.833 --> 51:00.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% from Jordan to someplace 51:00.866 --> 51:04.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and ran into swarms of small grasshoppers already. 51:04.100 --> 51:05.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - [Laurie] They're out. - Obviously there's 51:05.766 --> 51:08.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% probably a good year for grasshoppers 51:08.400 --> 51:10.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% so need to be watching for them. 51:10.166 --> 51:11.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - You need to be watching. 51:11.400 --> 51:15.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - Barry, this probably relates to last week's program. 51:17.733 --> 51:20.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% We talked a lot about production of organic crops 51:20.700 --> 51:22.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% especially organic wheat. 51:22.766 --> 51:25.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% If this person were to produce organic wheat 51:25.266 --> 51:27.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in the Gallatin Valley, is there a local elevator 51:27.900 --> 51:28.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that would take it? 51:28.966 --> 51:32.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% If not, where would you market this? 51:32.466 --> 51:34.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - I don't know the exact answer to that. 51:34.566 --> 51:36.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But I can tell you where they can get that answer. 51:36.866 --> 51:38.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% The State Department of Agriculture has an 51:38.866 --> 51:41.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% organic cropping specialist. 51:41.433 --> 51:42.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% And marketing specialist. 51:42.600 --> 51:45.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% And if you call the Montana Department of Agriculture 51:45.700 --> 51:49.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% up in Helena, and ask for the organic specialist 51:49.000 --> 51:51.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% they can give you that answer. 51:51.100 --> 51:53.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - [Jack] That's exactly right, thanks Barry. 51:53.133 --> 51:56.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Hayden, this person is from Mile City 51:56.766 --> 51:58.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and they want to know 51:58.500 --> 52:02.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% why an inch of rain in the Mile City area 52:02.566 --> 52:04.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% will penetrate to a foot deep? 52:04.233 --> 52:05.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Is there a reason? 52:05.266 --> 52:07.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Is that normal, or not? 52:07.033 --> 52:08.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Now, repeat that please. 52:08.766 --> 52:11.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - [Jack] Well this person says that if they get an inch 52:11.000 --> 52:13.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% of rain, on dry soil. - Oh. 52:13.366 --> 52:15.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [Jack] It would penetrate a foot deep. 52:15.100 --> 52:18.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Soil will basically the average soil, 52:19.333 --> 52:22.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% there's a huge difference there. 52:22.133 --> 52:25.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% An inch of rain would wet dry soil 52:25.333 --> 52:26.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% about a foot. 52:28.966 --> 52:32.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% That's the water holding capacity of that soil 52:32.766 --> 52:34.266 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% basically. 52:34.266 --> 52:36.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% If you got four feet of wet soil 52:39.500 --> 52:41.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% you've actually got four feet 52:43.366 --> 52:46.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% you've got four inches of available water 52:46.700 --> 52:48.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% for winter wheat. 52:49.033 --> 52:50.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - [Jack] That makes sense. 52:50.966 --> 52:53.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% All right, from Bellgrade. 52:53.800 --> 52:56.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Jeff, these homeowners have problems with dandelions 52:56.800 --> 52:58.200 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% and knapweed. 52:58.200 --> 53:00.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% They say one of the best biocontrol methods is 53:00.833 --> 53:03.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% to pull them and remove by the tap root. 53:03.700 --> 53:06.000 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% That works for dandelions, will that work 53:06.000 --> 53:08.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% as well for knapweed? 53:08.300 --> 53:11.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - You have to be somewhat persistent with knapweed. 53:11.066 --> 53:12.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Because of seed bank. 53:14.166 --> 53:16.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So if you can pull up a 53:17.500 --> 53:19.166 align:start position:31.25% line:84.67% size:37.5% most of the tap root 53:20.600 --> 53:21.433 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:16.88% it helps. 53:22.600 --> 53:25.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% If you start breaking it off it can regenerate. 53:25.466 --> 53:27.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But you just have to be persistent 53:27.200 --> 53:29.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in hand pulling knapweed. 53:29.633 --> 53:32.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - [Jack] Okay, thank you. 53:32.500 --> 53:35.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% This question came in from Helena. 53:35.333 --> 53:38.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% They have had issues with their Aspens 53:38.566 --> 53:40.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and insect damage. 53:40.166 --> 53:42.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% They see holes and sawdust. 53:42.066 --> 53:44.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% What causes this, and is there anything they can do 53:44.700 --> 53:47.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% to make their Aspens healthier? 53:48.133 --> 53:50.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - That would probably be 53:50.033 --> 53:51.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% based on those symptoms it probably would be 53:51.800 --> 53:52.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% the Poplar bore. 53:52.966 --> 53:54.766 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And once they've gotten into the tree 53:54.766 --> 53:56.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% they have a pretty complicated life cycle. 53:56.766 --> 53:58.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Sometimes up to three, three or four years 53:58.400 --> 54:00.333 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% to complete their life cycle. 54:00.333 --> 54:02.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% The best thing you could do is try to protect 54:02.133 --> 54:03.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% your other Aspen trees. 54:03.700 --> 54:06.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I would try to get any of your infested trees out 54:06.400 --> 54:07.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and away from your property 54:07.933 --> 54:09.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% so they don't infest your other trees. 54:09.300 --> 54:12.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% If your neighbor has them as well and they're infested 54:12.666 --> 54:13.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% that's a big deal. 54:13.566 --> 54:16.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But there are a lot of things that you could spray 54:16.766 --> 54:19.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% on the trunk to keep to protect the trees 54:19.933 --> 54:21.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that have not been infested yet. 54:21.566 --> 54:22.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - What about a middle culprit, 54:22.900 --> 54:25.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% would that a systemic on Aspens 54:25.833 --> 54:28.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% would that control the Poplar bores? 54:28.333 --> 54:31.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - That again that would have to be applied. 54:31.100 --> 54:33.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Now would not be the time to apply it 54:33.200 --> 54:34.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% to the (mumbling) because it takes 54:34.500 --> 54:35.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% several weeks to be absorbed. 54:35.766 --> 54:39.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% And your whole goal is to try to protect 54:39.066 --> 54:43.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% the eggs from hatching and burrowing into the trunk. 54:43.366 --> 54:45.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Barry] Laurie it's been my general impression 54:45.266 --> 54:47.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% you tell me if I'm wrong, and I might be wrong 54:47.200 --> 54:48.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% for this insect. 54:48.233 --> 54:51.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But on woody plants we tend to get the wood boring 54:51.700 --> 54:53.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% insects on stressed trees. 54:53.233 --> 54:54.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - That's right, yep. 54:54.300 --> 54:57.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - And I'm gonna guess if they're having real trouble 54:57.033 --> 54:59.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% on these Aspens, Aspens are a shallow 54:59.600 --> 55:01.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% shallow rooted thing, they're meant to grow 55:01.500 --> 55:02.900 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% on wet places. 55:02.900 --> 55:04.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And in Helena there's not a whole lot of 55:04.866 --> 55:06.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% really wet places. - Yeah. 55:06.300 --> 55:09.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - So I think if they do some mulching and watering 55:09.433 --> 55:12.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that might help just as much, about as much as anything. 55:12.066 --> 55:13.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - That's a great tip. 55:13.400 --> 55:14.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - [Jack] All right. 55:14.366 --> 55:16.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% With that folks we're down to our last 30 seconds. 55:16.766 --> 55:19.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I have a few calls that we didn't get to. 55:19.333 --> 55:21.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% We'll work on those next week. 55:21.266 --> 55:23.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I'd like to thank Jeff for being here. 55:23.400 --> 55:24.666 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% - Thank you. - Great job. 55:24.666 --> 55:26.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Laurie, you didn't get to show the scales 55:26.833 --> 55:30.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but we'll have those on again some other time. 55:30.433 --> 55:32.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Hayden, good to have you back. 55:32.433 --> 55:34.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Next week we have Miles Watts 55:35.800 --> 55:38.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% retired economist who wants to talk about 55:38.033 --> 55:41.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% the effect of public debt on agriculture in Montana. 55:41.600 --> 55:43.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Thanks for watching, have a good week. 55:43.866 --> 55:46.633 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% And we hope to see you next week. 55:47.500 --> 56:12.400 align:start position:33.12% line:84.67% size:31.88% ♪ (country music) 56:14.333 --> 56:18.500 align:start position:23.75% line:79.33% size:50.63% -[Narrator] Montana Ag Live is made possible by... 56:18.500 --> 56:21.700 align:start position:25.62% line:74% size:46.88% the Montana Department of Agticulture 56:21.700 --> 56:24.666 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% the MSU Extension Service 56:24.666 --> 56:28.866 align:start position:21.88% line:79.33% size:56.25% the MSU Ag Experiment Stations of the College of Agriculture 56:28.866 --> 56:31.700 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:48.75% the Montana Wheat & Barley Committee 56:31.700 --> 56:34.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% the Montana Bankers Association 56:34.600 --> 56:37.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% Cashman Nursery and Landscaping, 56:37.533 --> 56:39.533 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% and the Gallatin Gardeners Club 56:40.466 --> 56:44.466 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% ♪ bluesy guitar riff