1 00:00:00,333 --> 00:00:03,166 (soothing music) 2 00:00:07,133 --> 00:00:11,100 - [Narrator] Montana AG Live is made possible by 3 00:00:11,100 --> 00:00:14,400 the Montana Department of Agriculture, 4 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:16,566 the MSU Extension Service, 5 00:00:17,633 --> 00:00:19,800 the MSU AG Experiment Stations 6 00:00:19,800 --> 00:00:22,900 of the College of Agriculture, 7 00:00:22,900 --> 00:00:26,033 the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, 8 00:00:26,033 --> 00:00:29,066 the Montana Bankers Association, 9 00:00:29,066 --> 00:00:31,566 Cashman Nursery and Landscape, 10 00:00:32,466 --> 00:00:35,300 the Gallatin Gardeners Club 11 00:00:35,300 --> 00:00:39,866 and the Rocky Mountains Certified Crop Advisor Program. 12 00:00:39,866 --> 00:00:42,933 ♪ I've got hoppers in my wheat and my corn is not too sweet ♪ 13 00:00:42,933 --> 00:00:46,500 ♪ Taters lying on the ground and my hay is turning brown ♪ 14 00:00:46,500 --> 00:00:51,100 ♪ I've planted and I watered, I've got everything oughta ♪ 15 00:00:51,100 --> 00:00:55,100 ♪ Montana AG Live where are you ♪ 16 00:01:00,900 --> 00:01:01,733 - Good evening. 17 00:01:01,733 --> 00:01:05,233 Welcome to another new edition of Montana AG Live. 18 00:01:05,233 --> 00:01:07,833 Originating tonight from our homes 19 00:01:07,833 --> 00:01:10,533 in Montana beautiful Gallatin Valley. 20 00:01:10,533 --> 00:01:13,566 I'm Jack Riesselman, I'll be your host this evening. 21 00:01:13,566 --> 00:01:16,166 As you can see, we're doing this virtually again, 22 00:01:16,166 --> 00:01:17,933 this is our third effort 23 00:01:17,933 --> 00:01:20,000 and we're actually kind of enjoying it. 24 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:22,133 Although it's much more fun to be in the studio 25 00:01:22,133 --> 00:01:25,233 and have phone answers there and the phone ringing. 26 00:01:25,233 --> 00:01:28,133 Speaking of the phones, that's important, 27 00:01:28,133 --> 00:01:29,900 we need the questions because 28 00:01:29,900 --> 00:01:32,933 this program would not have been around for 25 years 29 00:01:32,933 --> 00:01:37,733 had you as viewers, not supplied questions of interest 30 00:01:37,733 --> 00:01:41,000 to yourself and to other people around the state. 31 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:43,900 So please phone in those questions tonight 32 00:01:43,900 --> 00:01:46,200 and we'll do our best to get the answers 33 00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:48,733 from this esteemed panel. 34 00:01:48,733 --> 00:01:50,533 Let me introduce the panel. 35 00:01:50,533 --> 00:01:53,966 First of all, Mary Burrows, everybody knows Mary. 36 00:01:53,966 --> 00:01:57,066 Mary raise your hand and show them who you are. 37 00:01:57,066 --> 00:01:58,200 Our special guest tonight 38 00:01:58,200 --> 00:02:00,100 and we're really happy to have him, 39 00:02:00,100 --> 00:02:02,200 is our new Vice President for Research, 40 00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:05,933 Economic Development in Graduate Studies, Jason Carter. 41 00:02:05,933 --> 00:02:09,800 Jason came to us about eight, nine months ago 42 00:02:09,800 --> 00:02:14,100 from Michigan Tech based in Horton, Michigan. 43 00:02:14,100 --> 00:02:16,400 I'm not a Midwesterner anymore, 44 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:19,366 so I have a little trouble with some of those Midwest names 45 00:02:19,366 --> 00:02:20,800 but we'd like to welcome Jason. 46 00:02:20,800 --> 00:02:23,233 He's gonna tell us a little bit about what he does 47 00:02:23,233 --> 00:02:25,833 and how it applies to agriculture. 48 00:02:25,833 --> 00:02:29,333 Laurie Kerzicnik, Laurie is our entomologist. 49 00:02:29,333 --> 00:02:31,833 We've got a lot of insect questions folks 50 00:02:31,833 --> 00:02:34,966 and we're gonna get to a few of those tonight. 51 00:02:34,966 --> 00:02:36,833 And of course, you all know Perry Miller, 52 00:02:36,833 --> 00:02:38,200 Perry is on every so often, 53 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:40,500 he's our Cropping Systems Agronomist 54 00:02:40,500 --> 00:02:42,800 and he's going to talk to us a little bit about 55 00:02:42,800 --> 00:02:45,966 some of the changes that we're seeing in agriculture. 56 00:02:45,966 --> 00:02:48,900 So before we get started with the questions I have 57 00:02:48,900 --> 00:02:51,233 and we have them in from Facebook, 58 00:02:51,233 --> 00:02:53,433 we're having a little audio problems tonight 59 00:02:53,433 --> 00:02:54,800 with the phones. 60 00:02:54,800 --> 00:02:56,400 So if you have some pertinent questions 61 00:02:56,400 --> 00:02:59,766 you oughta email them in, that will also work. 62 00:02:59,766 --> 00:03:01,933 But before we move into the questions, 63 00:03:01,933 --> 00:03:05,300 let me have Jason, talk to you a little bit about 64 00:03:05,300 --> 00:03:08,466 the Vice President's position here at MSU. 65 00:03:08,466 --> 00:03:09,500 Little bit of his history, 66 00:03:09,500 --> 00:03:14,333 I think he's kinesiologist, I probably can't spell that 67 00:03:14,333 --> 00:03:15,966 but tell us a little bit about your history 68 00:03:15,966 --> 00:03:18,033 and what you're doing here at MSU. 69 00:03:18,033 --> 00:03:19,466 - Yeah, thanks so much Jack 70 00:03:19,466 --> 00:03:21,800 and thanks for inviting me to the show. 71 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:23,433 It's been such a pleasure 72 00:03:23,433 --> 00:03:27,500 to get to know people here in Bozeman in Gallatin County 73 00:03:27,500 --> 00:03:30,533 and hopefully I had planned to do a lot of outreach 74 00:03:30,533 --> 00:03:32,433 this spring semester throughout the state, 75 00:03:32,433 --> 00:03:36,066 that's been put to the side but really enjoy your show 76 00:03:36,066 --> 00:03:38,966 and thankful that you've given me the opportunity 77 00:03:38,966 --> 00:03:40,200 to be part of it. 78 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:41,033 As you mentioned, 79 00:03:41,033 --> 00:03:44,666 I moved here with my family back in September. 80 00:03:44,666 --> 00:03:46,766 I was at Michigan Tech University before that, 81 00:03:46,766 --> 00:03:49,366 which is a a STEM oriented University 82 00:03:49,366 --> 00:03:52,933 not that very different from Montana State to be honest. 83 00:03:52,933 --> 00:03:57,300 Except that in Michigan, Michigan State is our AG school 84 00:03:57,300 --> 00:03:58,600 and our land grant, 85 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:02,866 but we do a lot of work at Michigan Tech 86 00:04:02,866 --> 00:04:05,500 and extension, and the experimental stations. 87 00:04:05,500 --> 00:04:07,966 There is experimental station about two hours 88 00:04:07,966 --> 00:04:10,400 to the west of Michigan Tech. 89 00:04:10,400 --> 00:04:14,333 So I grew up in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and 90 00:04:14,333 --> 00:04:16,700 there were really only about two or three universities 91 00:04:16,700 --> 00:04:18,133 I always kept an eye on. 92 00:04:18,133 --> 00:04:21,233 I was always looking for a place that had the right makeup 93 00:04:21,233 --> 00:04:25,366 of programs in an area that I thought I could contribute to 94 00:04:25,366 --> 00:04:26,966 and then I wanted to be around beauty 95 00:04:26,966 --> 00:04:30,000 because I left a lot of beauty and the Upper Peninsula. 96 00:04:30,000 --> 00:04:33,366 I traded the waters for the mountains but my family and I 97 00:04:33,366 --> 00:04:34,433 were really excited when 98 00:04:34,433 --> 00:04:36,633 the Montana State position opened up. 99 00:04:36,633 --> 00:04:38,500 And so happy to be here. 100 00:04:38,500 --> 00:04:40,833 I can't wait to talk a little bit in the show 101 00:04:40,833 --> 00:04:43,200 about my impressions of Montana State, 102 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:44,533 the faculty, the students 103 00:04:44,533 --> 00:04:47,100 and the remarkable things happening on campus. 104 00:04:47,100 --> 00:04:49,000 So thanks for having me. 105 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:50,933 - Well it's a pleasure Jason and we'll get back to you. 106 00:04:50,933 --> 00:04:55,500 I do have some questions that did come in via Facebook 107 00:04:55,500 --> 00:04:56,766 and a couple email ones, 108 00:04:56,766 --> 00:04:58,400 so we'll get to those in a little bit. 109 00:04:58,400 --> 00:05:01,733 But meanwhile, Laurie from Bozeman, 110 00:05:01,733 --> 00:05:05,233 this person has a bunch of relatively new two 111 00:05:05,233 --> 00:05:07,333 and three year old spruce trees 112 00:05:07,333 --> 00:05:09,700 that the tips are dying back. 113 00:05:09,700 --> 00:05:10,766 Any idea why? 114 00:05:11,866 --> 00:05:15,300 - Yeah, that is probably the White Pine Weevil 115 00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:18,200 and that is a pest that hits almost all of 116 00:05:18,200 --> 00:05:21,700 our Colorado Blue Spruce and spruce trees. 117 00:05:22,733 --> 00:05:26,333 It's a small weevil and adults come out in the spring 118 00:05:26,333 --> 00:05:28,000 when the weather starts to warm, 119 00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:31,333 they crawl up to the leader of the tree and they lay eggs, 120 00:05:31,333 --> 00:05:35,133 and then the eggs hatch and they burrow into the wood. 121 00:05:35,133 --> 00:05:38,733 And then mid summer, late summer, they start to wilt. 122 00:05:38,733 --> 00:05:40,000 The leaders start to wilt. 123 00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:43,866 So then you start to see that on some of 124 00:05:43,866 --> 00:05:45,300 the rest of the tree kind of competing, 125 00:05:45,300 --> 00:05:47,866 the leaders competing as codominant leaders. 126 00:05:47,866 --> 00:05:51,133 So it's a little tricky to, you could spray the terminal 127 00:05:51,133 --> 00:05:55,433 with a contact spray and I could help you with that, 128 00:05:55,433 --> 00:05:57,500 and in any sort of context spray 129 00:05:57,500 --> 00:06:00,766 that's labeled for that tree will work. 130 00:06:01,600 --> 00:06:05,966 There's also a systemic you could apply in the spring called 131 00:06:05,966 --> 00:06:08,066 and the active ingredient is dynatratephron, 132 00:06:08,066 --> 00:06:10,333 and it would have to be applied now in order 133 00:06:10,333 --> 00:06:11,166 for that to work. 134 00:06:11,166 --> 00:06:12,533 So a little tricky to time 135 00:06:12,533 --> 00:06:16,566 but it's also possible you could really control just 136 00:06:16,566 --> 00:06:18,133 by training a new leader. 137 00:06:18,133 --> 00:06:20,133 You could cut out where the damage is 138 00:06:20,133 --> 00:06:21,100 and you could train a new leader. 139 00:06:21,100 --> 00:06:23,966 So you don't have to use chemicals at all for this pest. 140 00:06:23,966 --> 00:06:27,866 - I got several out last year, it works. 141 00:06:27,866 --> 00:06:29,766 But you do have to train a new branch 142 00:06:29,766 --> 00:06:31,233 to become the main leader. 143 00:06:31,233 --> 00:06:32,900 - Yeah, you sure do. 144 00:06:33,900 --> 00:06:38,233 - Jason, this question came in via email from Conrad 145 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:42,433 and they would like to know if your impressions 146 00:06:42,433 --> 00:06:46,300 of Montana State University experiment stations located 147 00:06:46,300 --> 00:06:49,533 in six or seven different locations around the state. 148 00:06:49,533 --> 00:06:51,600 And they would like to know do you plan 149 00:06:51,600 --> 00:06:56,366 to attend any of the Field Days if they are held this year? 150 00:06:56,366 --> 00:06:58,966 - I mentioned that in my opening comments there 151 00:06:58,966 --> 00:07:01,333 that I was sent to go with Dean Bourgeois 152 00:07:01,333 --> 00:07:05,833 to a couple of the experimental stations this spring. 153 00:07:05,833 --> 00:07:08,700 In fact, we hesitated to even. 154 00:07:08,700 --> 00:07:11,066 It was back I think in January, February, 155 00:07:11,066 --> 00:07:13,433 we had started planning those for late February 156 00:07:13,433 --> 00:07:14,266 or early March 157 00:07:14,266 --> 00:07:17,066 and we kept them all the way up until right before 158 00:07:17,066 --> 00:07:20,633 the stay at home orders got put into place. 159 00:07:20,633 --> 00:07:24,233 But I'm really eager to get out and get around the state, 160 00:07:24,233 --> 00:07:27,066 and especially visit with the experimental stations. 161 00:07:27,066 --> 00:07:30,966 There's such great work happening all around the state 162 00:07:30,966 --> 00:07:34,900 in the AG stations and I've been very impressed. 163 00:07:34,900 --> 00:07:37,833 I'm very impressed with the people, 164 00:07:37,833 --> 00:07:40,600 the quality of the research that's happening, 165 00:07:40,600 --> 00:07:44,133 both here at the mothership in Bozeman 166 00:07:44,133 --> 00:07:45,666 and then all around the state. 167 00:07:45,666 --> 00:07:48,166 So it is something that I wanna get to 168 00:07:48,166 --> 00:07:50,666 and I'm very hopeful that with 169 00:07:51,666 --> 00:07:54,500 the count here in Montana and the way 170 00:07:54,500 --> 00:07:56,233 we seem to be flattening the curve, 171 00:07:56,233 --> 00:07:58,566 that there might be a chance at some point 172 00:07:58,566 --> 00:07:59,866 to having some of those events. 173 00:07:59,866 --> 00:08:02,566 In a maintaining our distance from one another, 174 00:08:02,566 --> 00:08:04,966 wearing face coverings if so be it but 175 00:08:04,966 --> 00:08:08,200 if there are some of those I will be trying to attend 176 00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:09,966 and meet with people. 177 00:08:10,933 --> 00:08:13,000 - I really enjoyed the Field Days and Perry 178 00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:15,600 you guys go to several of them. 179 00:08:16,966 --> 00:08:18,166 Do you anticipate? 180 00:08:18,166 --> 00:08:21,666 Have you heard anything at all from any of the stations 181 00:08:21,666 --> 00:08:24,933 about whether or not they're considering delaying them 182 00:08:24,933 --> 00:08:26,700 or maybe having them? 183 00:08:33,366 --> 00:08:35,766 - I'll jump in here for a second. 184 00:08:35,766 --> 00:08:38,700 From what I hear they have not been officially canceled yet, 185 00:08:38,700 --> 00:08:41,866 they're hopeful but maybe that's 186 00:08:41,866 --> 00:08:43,200 a couple week old information. 187 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:44,933 So I don't know if that's actually accurate. 188 00:08:44,933 --> 00:08:48,566 Mary might have better information. 189 00:08:48,566 --> 00:08:49,900 - I have not heard anything. 190 00:08:49,900 --> 00:08:52,966 I think we live day to day by policy. 191 00:08:54,566 --> 00:08:59,566 - Mary while I've got you up, quick question from Helena. 192 00:08:59,733 --> 00:09:03,966 They have a 10 year old Spruce that was fine a month ago 193 00:09:03,966 --> 00:09:07,566 and now it's stone cold dead, any idea why? 194 00:09:09,066 --> 00:09:11,600 - Well that's pretty dramatic. 195 00:09:12,766 --> 00:09:15,733 I would suggest they contact us 196 00:09:15,733 --> 00:09:16,966 with anything that may have happened 197 00:09:16,966 --> 00:09:19,566 that isn't in that question. 198 00:09:19,566 --> 00:09:23,233 They can call the diagnostic lab at 994-5150 199 00:09:25,233 --> 00:09:27,966 or email diagnostics@montana.edu, 200 00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:31,866 or they can contact their local county extension agent 201 00:09:31,866 --> 00:09:33,633 to get some help on that. 202 00:09:33,633 --> 00:09:35,233 - Okay, thank you. 203 00:09:35,233 --> 00:09:37,633 Jason, a question from Helena. 204 00:09:37,633 --> 00:09:40,466 This person has been told and has read that 205 00:09:40,466 --> 00:09:44,233 MSU is one of the top undergraduate 206 00:09:44,233 --> 00:09:45,333 in the nation. 207 00:09:45,333 --> 00:09:48,866 They'd like to know how that is measured. 208 00:09:48,866 --> 00:09:50,900 - Well, one of the things 209 00:09:50,900 --> 00:09:54,433 that Montana State University's is really proud of is 210 00:09:54,433 --> 00:09:56,266 we have a designation. 211 00:09:57,233 --> 00:09:59,700 It's called RI Carnegie Designation 212 00:09:59,700 --> 00:10:03,766 and that is a designation that looks at 213 00:10:03,766 --> 00:10:06,366 your research expenditures as well as 214 00:10:06,366 --> 00:10:08,400 a number of other metrics, 215 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:11,066 like your number of PhD graduates, 216 00:10:11,066 --> 00:10:12,666 and some of those other markers. 217 00:10:12,666 --> 00:10:14,666 And so we are one of 130 218 00:10:15,566 --> 00:10:20,200 that are in that category, of those 130 only one or two 219 00:10:20,200 --> 00:10:22,800 have a really high undergraduate count like we do. 220 00:10:22,800 --> 00:10:24,233 And so it's very rare 221 00:10:24,233 --> 00:10:28,466 when you look at a lot of the R1 research universities 222 00:10:28,466 --> 00:10:31,200 that are out there, they tend to be. 223 00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:32,766 Sometimes universities that have 224 00:10:32,766 --> 00:10:35,133 really large graduate programs, 225 00:10:35,133 --> 00:10:37,366 they tend to have cadres of postdocs 226 00:10:37,366 --> 00:10:39,500 and maybe even are affiliated 227 00:10:39,500 --> 00:10:42,433 with medical campuses and colleges 228 00:10:42,433 --> 00:10:46,133 but at Montana State, we're one of those 130 and 229 00:10:46,133 --> 00:10:48,866 that creates unprecedented opportunities 230 00:10:48,866 --> 00:10:50,766 for our undergraduates. 231 00:10:52,266 --> 00:10:56,333 They become the replacement for the postdocs 232 00:10:56,333 --> 00:10:58,500 and the other personnel. 233 00:10:58,500 --> 00:11:01,633 So I think undergraduates here at at Montana State 234 00:11:01,633 --> 00:11:04,000 have a tremendous opportunity 235 00:11:04,000 --> 00:11:06,600 and it's because of the quality of faculty that we have, 236 00:11:06,600 --> 00:11:07,700 the research that we do, 237 00:11:07,700 --> 00:11:12,200 and in my eight months here, I've been so impressed. 238 00:11:12,200 --> 00:11:14,333 I came from a university that where I thought 239 00:11:14,333 --> 00:11:16,800 we did undergraduate research really well 240 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:18,533 when I was at Michigan Tech 241 00:11:18,533 --> 00:11:21,266 to a place that is just phenomenal at it. 242 00:11:21,266 --> 00:11:23,200 We were talking before the show started about 243 00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:25,666 how unfortunate it was that we had to cancel 244 00:11:25,666 --> 00:11:29,200 the Inca National Conference for Undergraduate Research 245 00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:30,500 that was supposed to be hosted 246 00:11:30,500 --> 00:11:33,333 on Montana State's campus in March. 247 00:11:33,333 --> 00:11:35,133 Which was really unfortunate because 248 00:11:35,133 --> 00:11:38,800 we had the second highest number of abstract applicants 249 00:11:38,800 --> 00:11:39,866 that were gonna come, 250 00:11:39,866 --> 00:11:42,766 so we were gonna have nearly 4000 undergraduates 251 00:11:42,766 --> 00:11:44,966 and their advisors here on our campus 252 00:11:44,966 --> 00:11:47,400 to talk about undergraduate research. 253 00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:49,766 So the reason, if you ask me, 254 00:11:49,766 --> 00:11:51,200 the reason why we have such 255 00:11:51,200 --> 00:11:52,900 a strong undergraduate research program, 256 00:11:52,900 --> 00:11:55,600 is because of the dedicated faculty that we have. 257 00:11:55,600 --> 00:11:57,600 And it's because they take the time 258 00:11:57,600 --> 00:12:00,166 to involve those students in their research. 259 00:12:00,166 --> 00:12:03,300 We have an amazing honors college. 260 00:12:03,300 --> 00:12:05,900 One of the statistics that is really remarkable 261 00:12:05,900 --> 00:12:07,600 is the number of Goldwater applications 262 00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:09,833 that we have here at Montana, 263 00:12:09,833 --> 00:12:12,166 since it's a highly prestigious award given 264 00:12:12,166 --> 00:12:13,833 to undergraduates for research. 265 00:12:13,833 --> 00:12:17,033 We rank right up there in the top 20 in the entire country, 266 00:12:17,033 --> 00:12:19,266 right there with the Stanford's and the Yale's, 267 00:12:19,266 --> 00:12:22,233 and so for a university to have that quality 268 00:12:22,233 --> 00:12:25,400 of an undergraduate is quite remarkable. 269 00:12:25,400 --> 00:12:28,733 - Perry have you had undergraduate 270 00:12:28,733 --> 00:12:30,500 and in your programs? 271 00:12:32,100 --> 00:12:34,500 - Yes, so actually, we're fortunate 272 00:12:34,500 --> 00:12:37,633 to have an undergraduate researcher right now, 273 00:12:37,633 --> 00:12:40,000 I think he'll eventually parlay the research 274 00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:43,300 that he's doing now into a Master's Program. 275 00:12:43,300 --> 00:12:45,400 He's been doing some work on control 276 00:12:45,400 --> 00:12:47,366 of perennial weeds in organic systems 277 00:12:47,366 --> 00:12:48,866 and using actually a pathogen 278 00:12:48,866 --> 00:12:51,600 to try and get some of that done. 279 00:12:54,233 --> 00:12:55,333 Maybe he's a pretty rare person 280 00:12:55,333 --> 00:13:00,333 but it's been a really fun to watch and fun to be a part of. 281 00:13:00,766 --> 00:13:02,600 - Mary, how about you? 282 00:13:04,466 --> 00:13:07,766 - We always have undergrads in the labs. 283 00:13:07,766 --> 00:13:10,033 This semester we have a Hillerman Scholar 284 00:13:10,033 --> 00:13:11,633 from northwest Montana 285 00:13:11,633 --> 00:13:13,300 and we had another person doing 286 00:13:13,300 --> 00:13:15,200 their undergrad research project, 287 00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:17,833 and then we always have a few that are just hourlies 288 00:13:17,833 --> 00:13:20,533 and learning about science. 289 00:13:20,533 --> 00:13:21,366 We usually get them out in the field 290 00:13:21,366 --> 00:13:24,266 and do a little extension if we can. 291 00:13:24,266 --> 00:13:26,933 - If I were a student, high school student, 292 00:13:26,933 --> 00:13:29,033 considering a university 293 00:13:29,033 --> 00:13:31,566 and had curiosity about various things. 294 00:13:31,566 --> 00:13:35,100 MSU is a wonderful place to be challenged 295 00:13:35,100 --> 00:13:36,366 to do some research. 296 00:13:36,366 --> 00:13:39,600 I saw it for years when I was on campus 297 00:13:39,600 --> 00:13:41,200 and it is impressive. 298 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:44,733 So with that Mary, let's change tune a little bit. 299 00:13:44,733 --> 00:13:47,766 This person in Bozeman, question came in last week, 300 00:13:47,766 --> 00:13:51,300 has tomatoes with interveinal chlorosis. 301 00:13:51,300 --> 00:13:53,733 He transferred those into a container 302 00:13:53,733 --> 00:13:56,800 that had once been bleached. 303 00:13:56,800 --> 00:13:59,733 Is this the cause of the chlorosis? 304 00:14:02,266 --> 00:14:03,533 - Probably not. 305 00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:05,433 Usually, 306 00:14:06,600 --> 00:14:10,966 it can be a several reasons but if he (mumbles) 307 00:14:10,966 --> 00:14:13,800 and rinsed it that should be fine. 308 00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:16,733 A lot of times it's nutritional deficiency 309 00:14:16,733 --> 00:14:18,800 and that can be from cold 310 00:14:18,800 --> 00:14:22,266 or it can be from lack of nutrient in the soil. 311 00:14:22,266 --> 00:14:24,766 And they could certainly shoot us a few pictures 312 00:14:24,766 --> 00:14:27,933 and we can help them get it narrowed down a little bit more 313 00:14:27,933 --> 00:14:29,533 if you wanted to. 314 00:14:29,533 --> 00:14:33,033 - Bleach breaks down pretty fast in sunlight as I recall, 315 00:14:33,033 --> 00:14:35,966 so if it's out for a day or so I don't think -- 316 00:14:35,966 --> 00:14:36,800 - Yeah. 317 00:14:39,766 --> 00:14:42,200 - Unless you're pouring bleach on there. 318 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:43,466 There are some municipal waters, 319 00:14:43,466 --> 00:14:46,900 they actually add small amounts of bleach to kill 320 00:14:46,900 --> 00:14:51,900 (mumbles) in the US municipal water for greenhouses. 321 00:14:52,466 --> 00:14:54,133 - Okay, thanks Mary. 322 00:14:55,433 --> 00:14:58,400 Laurie, this is a question that everybody has 323 00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:01,833 that tries to grow vegetables in Montana. 324 00:15:01,833 --> 00:15:06,100 Flea beetles, how do you prevent them in brassicas, 325 00:15:07,233 --> 00:15:09,266 or radishes or potatoes? 326 00:15:09,266 --> 00:15:11,766 Their larvae, any suggestions? 327 00:15:13,666 --> 00:15:16,433 - Flea beetles are really difficult. 328 00:15:16,433 --> 00:15:18,400 I think one of the best things you could do 329 00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:22,800 is rope covers early on, try to protect the early seedlings. 330 00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:24,400 They can take a lot of damage from, 331 00:15:24,400 --> 00:15:26,566 the leaves themselves can take a lot of damage 332 00:15:26,566 --> 00:15:28,000 from flea beetles 333 00:15:29,200 --> 00:15:30,966 after they've grown. 334 00:15:30,966 --> 00:15:33,000 So protect those early seedlings, 335 00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:36,933 try to plan a trap crop, something like radishes. 336 00:15:36,933 --> 00:15:40,033 They're so highly mobile that they're difficult to control. 337 00:15:40,033 --> 00:15:44,600 I got a question about using parasitic beneficial nematodes 338 00:15:44,600 --> 00:15:48,400 for flea beetles and there on the label 339 00:15:48,400 --> 00:15:51,933 and they do deposit their eggs in the soil 340 00:15:51,933 --> 00:15:54,000 but they haven't been very effective for flea beetles 341 00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:56,233 because they're so mobile, 342 00:15:56,233 --> 00:15:59,533 and the same adults could just move over a little bit. 343 00:15:59,533 --> 00:16:01,466 So try to get those rope covers, 344 00:16:01,466 --> 00:16:04,700 try to protect the early seedlings and then just know 345 00:16:04,700 --> 00:16:08,466 that they can take a a lot of damage. 346 00:16:08,466 --> 00:16:10,466 It's a constant problem. 347 00:16:11,333 --> 00:16:14,800 - Years ago we use a product called Diathanon, 348 00:16:14,800 --> 00:16:19,133 it did a wonderful job but they did not re-register. 349 00:16:20,833 --> 00:16:22,600 - Jack, can I follow up there? 350 00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:24,766 I don't know if I'm muted or not. 351 00:16:24,766 --> 00:16:26,033 - No you're not. - No. 352 00:16:26,033 --> 00:16:31,033 - So Laurie last year, we had several demonstration crops, 353 00:16:31,333 --> 00:16:34,466 different types of brassicas at the post farm 354 00:16:34,466 --> 00:16:37,533 and I was astonished at how the flea beetles 355 00:16:37,533 --> 00:16:40,500 went to the yellow mustard instead of canola, 356 00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:44,466 instead of Oriental mustard, other brassicas 357 00:16:44,466 --> 00:16:46,866 that we had in there. 358 00:16:46,866 --> 00:16:48,100 I liked your idea of a trap crop 359 00:16:48,100 --> 00:16:50,400 but wonder yellow mustard seeds pretty easy to grow. 360 00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:53,600 So I wonder if that would work in a garden situation. 361 00:16:53,600 --> 00:16:55,366 - That's a good idea. 362 00:16:56,366 --> 00:16:58,500 - We learned something tonight, that's good. 363 00:16:58,500 --> 00:17:01,133 - (laughs) 364 00:17:01,133 --> 00:17:02,800 - Jason from Helena. 365 00:17:05,566 --> 00:17:09,000 They have friends that work in the College of AG 366 00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:12,333 and they're always talking about overhead charges. 367 00:17:12,333 --> 00:17:15,366 What are they and do they vary with 368 00:17:15,366 --> 00:17:19,500 the various different departments at the university? 369 00:17:19,500 --> 00:17:20,333 - Sure. 370 00:17:22,266 --> 00:17:24,866 Overhead charges is a term that we 371 00:17:24,866 --> 00:17:28,600 are trying to move away from actually, Jack. 372 00:17:28,600 --> 00:17:31,233 It refers to a grant and then 373 00:17:31,233 --> 00:17:32,800 there's what's called facilities 374 00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:34,933 and administrative costs above and beyond that. 375 00:17:34,933 --> 00:17:37,333 So you say you get a grant from 376 00:17:37,333 --> 00:17:38,733 the Department of Agriculture 377 00:17:38,733 --> 00:17:40,733 or National Institutes of Health. 378 00:17:40,733 --> 00:17:43,766 You have what are called your direct costs for research 379 00:17:43,766 --> 00:17:44,600 and then you have 380 00:17:44,600 --> 00:17:47,066 what had been previously referred to as overhead 381 00:17:47,066 --> 00:17:49,266 or indirect costs. 382 00:17:49,266 --> 00:17:50,533 It was several years about, 383 00:17:50,533 --> 00:17:52,333 probably about three or four years back. 384 00:17:52,333 --> 00:17:54,800 Where you might remember early on in 385 00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:57,966 the current administration's timeframe 386 00:17:57,966 --> 00:18:00,466 there was a lot of questions about this. 387 00:18:00,466 --> 00:18:04,133 There was actually, some individuals in DC 388 00:18:04,133 --> 00:18:07,766 that were were saying, "Why do we have any of this?" 389 00:18:07,766 --> 00:18:09,266 And that's really when we started to move away 390 00:18:09,266 --> 00:18:11,300 from the term overhead or indirect 391 00:18:11,300 --> 00:18:12,600 because things that are not, 392 00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:14,433 things that are indirect are not direct 393 00:18:14,433 --> 00:18:15,900 and they're not important or 394 00:18:15,900 --> 00:18:18,400 overhead had a bad kind of connotation. 395 00:18:18,400 --> 00:18:21,400 What it really is a rate for the facilities 396 00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:24,066 and the administrative aspects of the research, 397 00:18:24,066 --> 00:18:27,666 and it pays for the compliance aspects for the research. 398 00:18:27,666 --> 00:18:30,333 It pays for the office of sponsored programs 399 00:18:30,333 --> 00:18:32,133 to make sure that they are there 400 00:18:32,133 --> 00:18:34,233 and available to help the faculty members, 401 00:18:34,233 --> 00:18:36,666 and other researchers to be able to process 402 00:18:36,666 --> 00:18:40,266 their grants efficiently, and for facilities as well. 403 00:18:40,266 --> 00:18:42,000 And so we do reinvest 404 00:18:43,900 --> 00:18:46,700 what are what were previously referred as overheads in F&A. 405 00:18:46,700 --> 00:18:49,366 Now we call them facilities and administrative aspects. 406 00:18:49,366 --> 00:18:52,366 We invest those back in to the facilities 407 00:18:52,366 --> 00:18:57,266 and to our individuals in various forms 408 00:18:57,266 --> 00:18:59,700 but they're very important to universities. 409 00:18:59,700 --> 00:19:03,400 They really are important to research at universities 410 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:06,600 and they really, I think, if you look at 411 00:19:06,600 --> 00:19:11,000 the growth of research at MSU in the past couple decades, 412 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:13,066 it's been enabled because of a lot of that. 413 00:19:13,066 --> 00:19:14,733 The re-investments that have been able 414 00:19:14,733 --> 00:19:18,266 to be made in facilities and research through those. 415 00:19:18,266 --> 00:19:21,000 So that's really what overhead is all about. 416 00:19:21,000 --> 00:19:23,900 - I might follow that up a little bit, Jason. 417 00:19:23,900 --> 00:19:25,900 What is the out reach research? 418 00:19:25,900 --> 00:19:27,200 I can't say out reach. 419 00:19:27,200 --> 00:19:28,466 What is the research budget 420 00:19:28,466 --> 00:19:32,266 in Montana State University right now? 421 00:19:32,266 --> 00:19:37,033 - We operate almost exclusively off of that F&A. 422 00:19:37,033 --> 00:19:40,333 We do have a small amount that does come 423 00:19:40,333 --> 00:19:43,100 from the state budget as well for some research aspects 424 00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:46,200 but it runs around 19 to $20 million. 425 00:19:47,233 --> 00:19:49,733 Of that 19 to 20 million, 426 00:19:49,733 --> 00:19:51,900 well over half of that are fixed costs. 427 00:19:51,900 --> 00:19:52,733 For example, 428 00:19:52,733 --> 00:19:55,200 several years back, we made a strategic decision, 429 00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:56,400 and I think it was a good one, 430 00:19:56,400 --> 00:20:00,866 to build a new chemistry, biochemistry building on campus. 431 00:20:00,866 --> 00:20:04,033 We're still paying off the bonds on that building 432 00:20:04,033 --> 00:20:06,533 as well as the operations and maintenance budget. 433 00:20:06,533 --> 00:20:10,300 So we reinvest a lot of that into that F of the F&A, 434 00:20:10,300 --> 00:20:11,600 the facilities portion. 435 00:20:11,600 --> 00:20:15,333 So it's about 20 million or so, Jack. 436 00:20:15,333 --> 00:20:16,700 - Okay, thank you. 437 00:20:16,700 --> 00:20:19,500 We don't have the person on the panel to answer this. 438 00:20:19,500 --> 00:20:22,200 The scenario is in a comment from Helena. 439 00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:24,400 They have noticed many of their neighbors 440 00:20:24,400 --> 00:20:26,266 have been cleaning their garages. 441 00:20:26,266 --> 00:20:29,666 I can relate to that, outbuildings, et cetera. 442 00:20:29,666 --> 00:20:33,033 They would like to know if there is a Toxic Recycle Day 443 00:20:33,033 --> 00:20:35,766 for the counties this year? 444 00:20:35,766 --> 00:20:37,433 If so, what does the panel suggest? 445 00:20:37,433 --> 00:20:39,400 What I'm gonna as is that we'll check 446 00:20:39,400 --> 00:20:41,700 with the Department of AG next week 447 00:20:41,700 --> 00:20:44,766 and we'll have an answer for that question next week. 448 00:20:44,766 --> 00:20:46,800 I'm sure in whatever state they are. 449 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:48,533 Laurie you know anything about that? 450 00:20:48,533 --> 00:20:50,133 - Yeah, I was just reading 451 00:20:50,133 --> 00:20:53,166 the last Lives and Landscapes that publication 452 00:20:53,166 --> 00:20:55,433 and it said that there is, 453 00:20:55,433 --> 00:20:56,833 I don't know if they're gonna do it this year 454 00:20:56,833 --> 00:21:01,833 but they're supposed to have a pesticide waste drop off 455 00:21:02,033 --> 00:21:04,966 in the western region in September. 456 00:21:06,266 --> 00:21:08,366 That's all I saw. 457 00:21:08,366 --> 00:21:10,466 - Well, we'll follow up on that a little bit next week, 458 00:21:10,466 --> 00:21:13,133 I'll find out from somebody what's going on. 459 00:21:13,133 --> 00:21:16,366 Please don't throw it in the garbage can 460 00:21:16,366 --> 00:21:19,566 that's not a good place to put toxic pesticides 461 00:21:19,566 --> 00:21:20,733 and so forth. 462 00:21:20,733 --> 00:21:23,966 Hold on to them until you can properly dispose of them. 463 00:21:23,966 --> 00:21:27,933 Perry, this question came in last week from Chester. 464 00:21:27,933 --> 00:21:30,000 They would like to know how climate change 465 00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:32,900 will affect crops on the Highline. 466 00:21:32,900 --> 00:21:34,666 It's a good question. 467 00:21:38,166 --> 00:21:40,466 - You can think of climate in two ways 468 00:21:40,466 --> 00:21:42,800 from a Montana dryland farmer perspective 469 00:21:42,800 --> 00:21:47,800 and one is that there's climate change is a background trend 470 00:21:47,866 --> 00:21:50,500 of things that are usually general. 471 00:21:50,500 --> 00:21:52,900 If it's temperatures it's usually increasing 472 00:21:52,900 --> 00:21:55,966 and if you reach a particular threshold at certain points 473 00:21:55,966 --> 00:21:57,666 that can actually be very damaging 474 00:21:57,666 --> 00:21:59,866 to crops at certain life stages 475 00:21:59,866 --> 00:22:03,000 but for us, the bigger factor is the variability 476 00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:04,733 around that line. 477 00:22:04,733 --> 00:22:07,300 Especially rainfall but it can be temperature also. 478 00:22:07,300 --> 00:22:09,500 And so to the extent that that variation, 479 00:22:09,500 --> 00:22:11,266 it's already pretty bad. 480 00:22:11,266 --> 00:22:13,333 And so if that variation gets worse 481 00:22:13,333 --> 00:22:15,566 that will make it even more challenging. 482 00:22:15,566 --> 00:22:17,966 If you get a really severe frost event at the wrong time 483 00:22:17,966 --> 00:22:20,366 that can be incredibly damaging. 484 00:22:20,366 --> 00:22:22,933 If you get too much rain, if you get not enough rain 485 00:22:22,933 --> 00:22:27,033 at the right time that can be as damaging too 486 00:22:27,033 --> 00:22:31,000 The precipitation part of this is a lot harder to predict 487 00:22:31,000 --> 00:22:33,200 than the temperature side. 488 00:22:35,533 --> 00:22:38,700 We'll try to adapt the best we can but 489 00:22:39,700 --> 00:22:42,333 it would be best not to have to deal with it 490 00:22:42,333 --> 00:22:44,000 in a very large way. 491 00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:47,433 - Certainly in years I've been around Montana 492 00:22:47,433 --> 00:22:49,866 which started in 1979. 493 00:22:49,866 --> 00:22:52,466 We used to grow a lot of spring wheat 494 00:22:52,466 --> 00:22:57,366 in the Hardin County area, great for spring wheat. 495 00:22:57,366 --> 00:22:59,466 With temperatures now in the summertime 496 00:22:59,466 --> 00:23:03,500 at pollination exceeding 100 degrees almost every year. 497 00:23:03,500 --> 00:23:06,966 We can't grow spring wheat there so it's moved north. 498 00:23:06,966 --> 00:23:09,933 Even in the northern part of the state I'm told that 499 00:23:09,933 --> 00:23:13,066 it's gotten hotter and some of these spring wheat crops 500 00:23:13,066 --> 00:23:16,366 have a tendency to abort during the bloom period. 501 00:23:16,366 --> 00:23:17,566 So it's changed, 502 00:23:17,566 --> 00:23:20,300 we're growing a lot more corn up in the Highline 503 00:23:20,300 --> 00:23:21,666 than we used to. 504 00:23:21,666 --> 00:23:24,733 So climate change has a huge effect. 505 00:23:24,733 --> 00:23:25,566 - Yeah, it does. 506 00:23:25,566 --> 00:23:27,133 So Luther Talbert, 507 00:23:27,133 --> 00:23:29,300 you know speaking of spring wheat actually did 508 00:23:29,300 --> 00:23:34,066 some interesting climate change assessment over time. 509 00:23:34,066 --> 00:23:36,066 He was probably being a little bit tongue in cheek 510 00:23:36,066 --> 00:23:37,966 before he retired but he was worried about 511 00:23:37,966 --> 00:23:40,600 whether there would be a need for a spring wheat breeder 512 00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:42,666 because things were getting so bad. 513 00:23:42,666 --> 00:23:45,700 But then you get a year like last year where it was cool 514 00:23:45,700 --> 00:23:49,633 and we never had any amount of drought the entire. 515 00:23:49,633 --> 00:23:51,833 That's that variation part again. 516 00:23:51,833 --> 00:23:53,900 - Yeah, I agree. 517 00:23:53,900 --> 00:23:58,033 Jason, this question came in from Belgrade. 518 00:23:58,033 --> 00:24:00,700 How is the university returning to research 519 00:24:00,700 --> 00:24:02,400 in the wake of COVID-19? 520 00:24:02,400 --> 00:24:05,200 I assume they're talking about agricultural research 521 00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:07,766 and also on campus in the labs. 522 00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:12,600 - We took a real careful and disciplined approach 523 00:24:12,600 --> 00:24:15,500 when we started talking here at the university about 524 00:24:15,500 --> 00:24:17,766 how to scale down research? 525 00:24:19,266 --> 00:24:21,233 We had some benefit of being able to see 526 00:24:21,233 --> 00:24:23,066 what happened on the East Coast and the West Coast 527 00:24:23,066 --> 00:24:24,300 that were ahead of us. 528 00:24:24,300 --> 00:24:26,700 Some universities went to a complete shutdown 529 00:24:26,700 --> 00:24:29,300 and I can tell you, after being in a call 530 00:24:29,300 --> 00:24:33,533 with some other VPRs here recently, a lot of them I think, 531 00:24:33,533 --> 00:24:35,000 regretted going that far. 532 00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:36,200 We took a different approach, 533 00:24:36,200 --> 00:24:39,266 we developed what we called research operation levels, 534 00:24:39,266 --> 00:24:41,066 zero through one through four 535 00:24:41,066 --> 00:24:44,766 and each of them had different mitigation strategies. 536 00:24:44,766 --> 00:24:45,633 During the outbreak, 537 00:24:45,633 --> 00:24:48,200 we got to level two research operations, 538 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:50,966 which was where we asked all of our researchers 539 00:24:50,966 --> 00:24:55,200 both here on campus as well as in our experimental stations 540 00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:58,266 and extension to pause their research 541 00:24:59,833 --> 00:25:02,866 in the data acquisition phase if they could. 542 00:25:02,866 --> 00:25:05,533 But we always allow them to make an appeal under 543 00:25:05,533 --> 00:25:08,466 what we term essential research guidelines, 544 00:25:08,466 --> 00:25:12,400 which stated that if you stopped collecting data 545 00:25:12,400 --> 00:25:16,166 it would cause irreversible data or financial loss. 546 00:25:16,166 --> 00:25:20,100 And situations like for example, the birthing season, 547 00:25:20,100 --> 00:25:23,533 you just can't walk away from that type of research, 548 00:25:23,533 --> 00:25:25,966 you have to do it in a mitigated manner. 549 00:25:25,966 --> 00:25:28,433 We had individuals who had been collecting data for two, 550 00:25:28,433 --> 00:25:29,766 three consecutive years 551 00:25:29,766 --> 00:25:32,633 and we're coming up on their longitudinal data points, 552 00:25:32,633 --> 00:25:36,166 that would be irreversible, irrevocable data damage. 553 00:25:36,166 --> 00:25:37,833 And so we allowed those individuals 554 00:25:37,833 --> 00:25:39,366 to put together a plan 555 00:25:39,366 --> 00:25:41,333 with our Office of Research Compliance 556 00:25:41,333 --> 00:25:43,600 to keep their operations moving forward 557 00:25:43,600 --> 00:25:45,733 in a mitigated manner. 558 00:25:45,733 --> 00:25:49,833 I can tell you that almost 80, 85% of our faculty 559 00:25:49,833 --> 00:25:54,000 did exactly what we asked them, within one week they said, 560 00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:54,833 "You know what? 561 00:25:54,833 --> 00:25:56,166 "I'm able to go offline for a while, 562 00:25:56,166 --> 00:25:59,333 "I'll work on my papers, I'll work on a new grant, 563 00:25:59,333 --> 00:26:01,700 "I'll get to that data that's been sitting there 564 00:26:01,700 --> 00:26:03,333 "and I haven't analyzed for a while." 565 00:26:03,333 --> 00:26:04,966 And so for about four weeks there, 566 00:26:04,966 --> 00:26:08,933 they took a complete pause on the actual data acquisition 567 00:26:08,933 --> 00:26:11,233 but there was still about 15 or so percent 568 00:26:11,233 --> 00:26:12,666 that still needed to do something. 569 00:26:12,666 --> 00:26:13,666 And we had to work with them 570 00:26:13,666 --> 00:26:17,100 on making sure they had good personal protective equipment 571 00:26:17,100 --> 00:26:19,100 that they were social distancing 572 00:26:19,100 --> 00:26:21,833 and we did everything in our power to keep them moving. 573 00:26:21,833 --> 00:26:24,200 And that includes some of our COVID research, 574 00:26:24,200 --> 00:26:26,766 we had several people that pivoted 575 00:26:26,766 --> 00:26:28,366 a lot in the College of Agriculture. 576 00:26:28,366 --> 00:26:30,933 I'm sure we'll get to some of that during today's show 577 00:26:30,933 --> 00:26:34,700 that pivoted away from research they'd been doing previously 578 00:26:34,700 --> 00:26:36,733 to COVID-19 research. 579 00:26:36,733 --> 00:26:39,000 And we definitely wanted to be part of that, 580 00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:40,566 we had to be part of that solution. 581 00:26:40,566 --> 00:26:43,000 And there's some really great stuff coming out from that, 582 00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:45,700 particularly related to monitoring of wastewater 583 00:26:45,700 --> 00:26:47,433 and other types of things that 584 00:26:47,433 --> 00:26:50,200 I look forward to briefing your viewers on. 585 00:26:50,200 --> 00:26:52,266 I think it's really important for them to understand 586 00:26:52,266 --> 00:26:55,400 some of what we're doing to help be part of the solution. 587 00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:57,233 So we took a careful approach Jack 588 00:26:57,233 --> 00:27:00,500 and we were very careful in making sure that we ramped up 589 00:27:00,500 --> 00:27:02,466 and actually slowly down our activities 590 00:27:02,466 --> 00:27:04,566 but ramped up our mitigation strategies. 591 00:27:04,566 --> 00:27:05,900 And now we're getting to a point 592 00:27:05,900 --> 00:27:08,066 where we just released a memo on Friday, 593 00:27:08,066 --> 00:27:09,933 where we're gonna be going back to level one, 594 00:27:09,933 --> 00:27:11,766 which is still very mitigated 595 00:27:11,766 --> 00:27:14,266 but it's allowing even more research to begin to go back 596 00:27:14,266 --> 00:27:17,700 to that data acquisition phase, beginning May 18th. 597 00:27:17,700 --> 00:27:20,733 So I think a very careful and disciplined approach, 598 00:27:20,733 --> 00:27:23,500 and we've been corresponding with academics 599 00:27:23,500 --> 00:27:25,333 and Mary's part of that. 600 00:27:25,333 --> 00:27:27,566 We've been working with our department heads 601 00:27:27,566 --> 00:27:29,600 and our center and institute directors, 602 00:27:29,600 --> 00:27:33,733 both on campus and off campus to try to make sure that 603 00:27:33,733 --> 00:27:36,066 we were making the right policy decisions in this. 604 00:27:36,066 --> 00:27:38,700 I think for the most part, 605 00:27:38,700 --> 00:27:42,633 we did a pretty good job of balancing the governor's order 606 00:27:42,633 --> 00:27:43,866 and making sure we were safe 607 00:27:43,866 --> 00:27:45,833 but also still allowing exemptions 608 00:27:45,833 --> 00:27:49,633 for those essential research activities. 609 00:27:49,633 --> 00:27:53,200 - As a follow up, this question did come in from Bozeman 610 00:27:53,200 --> 00:27:55,366 while you were answering the first part. 611 00:27:55,366 --> 00:27:57,433 They're curious, do you feel that 612 00:27:57,433 --> 00:27:59,833 with all the COVID-19 research 613 00:27:59,833 --> 00:28:03,500 that is going on nationwide right now, 614 00:28:03,500 --> 00:28:07,466 that other grants for other researchers 615 00:28:07,466 --> 00:28:09,433 will be impacted negatively 616 00:28:09,433 --> 00:28:12,700 because everything focused on one area? 617 00:28:14,266 --> 00:28:17,466 - That's a really good question, we don't know yet. 618 00:28:17,466 --> 00:28:21,700 The economic downturn that's being caused by COVID 619 00:28:21,700 --> 00:28:25,400 is certainly gonna be felt for some years to come, I think, 620 00:28:25,400 --> 00:28:28,633 and what that means for some of our areas of research 621 00:28:28,633 --> 00:28:30,266 is unknown at this point. 622 00:28:30,266 --> 00:28:31,600 There are a lot of resources 623 00:28:31,600 --> 00:28:33,666 that are going into COVID research 624 00:28:33,666 --> 00:28:35,000 but a lot of that is stimulus, 625 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:36,466 a lot of that is stimulus dollars. 626 00:28:36,466 --> 00:28:40,533 And we actually were having a really great year anyway here, 627 00:28:40,533 --> 00:28:43,800 a lot of that was coming out of our College of AG 628 00:28:43,800 --> 00:28:44,933 in other areas. 629 00:28:44,933 --> 00:28:47,233 We are still projecting 630 00:28:47,233 --> 00:28:50,066 a record year for research expenditures 631 00:28:50,066 --> 00:28:53,100 even though we've had a little bit of a slow down 632 00:28:53,100 --> 00:28:55,533 with our expenditures in March and April. 633 00:28:55,533 --> 00:28:57,400 We're having a great you're actually. 634 00:28:57,400 --> 00:28:59,733 Our faculty have been submitting grants. 635 00:28:59,733 --> 00:29:01,766 I think we're on track to submit 636 00:29:01,766 --> 00:29:05,066 the most grants that we have in at least recent history 637 00:29:05,066 --> 00:29:06,066 that I've seen. 638 00:29:06,066 --> 00:29:08,000 A lot of that is because of some of the new calls 639 00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:09,400 that are coming out from COVID 640 00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:13,066 but the funding agencies, the federal funding agencies, 641 00:29:13,066 --> 00:29:16,500 were strong for fiscal year 20 and 19. 642 00:29:16,500 --> 00:29:19,433 So what happens in fiscal years 21 and 22 643 00:29:19,433 --> 00:29:21,766 is really a crapshoot yet. 644 00:29:21,766 --> 00:29:24,133 We really have to wait and see the outcomes of it 645 00:29:24,133 --> 00:29:26,333 and could there be a little bit of a shift 646 00:29:26,333 --> 00:29:27,500 in some of the funding agencies? 647 00:29:27,500 --> 00:29:29,433 I believe there could be a little bit 648 00:29:29,433 --> 00:29:31,133 and we have to monitor that, 649 00:29:31,133 --> 00:29:33,333 and help our faculty navigate those waters 650 00:29:33,333 --> 00:29:36,100 because part of it is diversifying 651 00:29:36,100 --> 00:29:38,266 our research portfolios as well. 652 00:29:38,266 --> 00:29:41,166 Engaging with industry, engaging with foundations. 653 00:29:41,166 --> 00:29:42,133 There's a lot of foundations 654 00:29:42,133 --> 00:29:43,833 that are supporting research now 655 00:29:43,833 --> 00:29:46,366 and giving our faculty the resources and tools 656 00:29:46,366 --> 00:29:48,833 to be able to pursue other avenues 657 00:29:48,833 --> 00:29:52,400 for their research beyond just the federal agencies. 658 00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:55,133 - Okay thank you, I agree with you entirely. 659 00:29:55,133 --> 00:29:58,133 We're getting a lot of questions emailed, phoned in 660 00:29:58,133 --> 00:30:00,100 about horticultural problems. 661 00:30:00,100 --> 00:30:02,833 I'm gonna plug in for next week's program, 662 00:30:02,833 --> 00:30:04,900 we're gonna have a gardening special. 663 00:30:04,900 --> 00:30:07,600 So we don't have the people to answer those tonight 664 00:30:07,600 --> 00:30:08,900 but stay tuned next week 665 00:30:08,900 --> 00:30:12,400 and we'll talk a lot about gardening here in the state. 666 00:30:12,400 --> 00:30:13,400 Before the program, 667 00:30:13,400 --> 00:30:15,766 we talked a little bit about some insects. 668 00:30:15,766 --> 00:30:19,433 And there is a question here that says, 669 00:30:19,433 --> 00:30:23,200 "What does Laurie know about the Asian Giant Horner 670 00:30:23,200 --> 00:30:26,766 "that's been observed in Washington State?" 671 00:30:28,133 --> 00:30:30,133 And another question like that, 672 00:30:30,133 --> 00:30:31,633 what are the big brown beetles 673 00:30:31,633 --> 00:30:34,233 they're seeing around the state? 674 00:30:34,233 --> 00:30:37,966 - Okay, the Asian Giant Hornet I don't know too much about 675 00:30:37,966 --> 00:30:38,966 but I've just recently, 676 00:30:38,966 --> 00:30:43,066 just started reading about it this weekend. 677 00:30:43,066 --> 00:30:46,066 It was detected in a couple spots in northwest Washington 678 00:30:46,066 --> 00:30:49,133 in the fall 2019 and in British Columbia. 679 00:30:49,133 --> 00:30:52,400 And it will decapitate honeybees, 680 00:30:52,400 --> 00:30:53,800 bring back the second segment 681 00:30:53,800 --> 00:30:56,600 of the bees called the thorax and bring that back 682 00:30:56,600 --> 00:30:59,333 to the nest for them to feed on. 683 00:30:59,333 --> 00:31:00,733 It can reach up to two inches. 684 00:31:00,733 --> 00:31:04,066 So it's a pretty little large hornet and 685 00:31:04,066 --> 00:31:05,733 I was just looking at our Western Yellow Jacket 686 00:31:05,733 --> 00:31:08,033 those are the queens that that get to be that size 687 00:31:08,033 --> 00:31:10,333 but then our Western Yellow Jackets 688 00:31:10,333 --> 00:31:12,833 which are one of our most aggressive wasps 689 00:31:12,833 --> 00:31:14,100 that we have here in the state. 690 00:31:14,100 --> 00:31:16,733 The queen's will reach about three quarters of an inch 691 00:31:16,733 --> 00:31:17,666 to an inch. 692 00:31:20,900 --> 00:31:23,533 For multiple stings it can can release a lot of venom, 693 00:31:23,533 --> 00:31:25,333 it's a very painful wasp 694 00:31:25,333 --> 00:31:30,366 that could actually produce fatalities but could be. 695 00:31:30,433 --> 00:31:32,466 They're really monitoring for it in Washington State 696 00:31:32,466 --> 00:31:33,300 and hoping 697 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:38,566 that it won't spread but that's about all I know. 698 00:31:38,566 --> 00:31:40,300 And for the brown beetles 699 00:31:40,300 --> 00:31:43,266 and I don't think they're gonna show up very well 700 00:31:43,266 --> 00:31:46,533 but it's good, pretty good for TV here. 701 00:31:49,500 --> 00:31:52,433 Those are May June Beetles are out right now 702 00:31:52,433 --> 00:31:56,200 and they actually spend most of their time in the turf grass 703 00:31:56,200 --> 00:31:59,233 but they will fly to lights this time of year. 704 00:31:59,233 --> 00:32:02,133 And that's why they're called May June Beetles 705 00:32:02,133 --> 00:32:04,500 and most of the time you just see one or two, 706 00:32:04,500 --> 00:32:06,200 it's not that big of a deal 707 00:32:06,200 --> 00:32:07,800 but if you start to see a bunch of them, 708 00:32:07,800 --> 00:32:10,566 you might wanna try to test your turf grass a little bit 709 00:32:10,566 --> 00:32:12,266 and go down and just do a tug test 710 00:32:12,266 --> 00:32:15,933 to see if they're causing some dead areas in your grass. 711 00:32:15,933 --> 00:32:19,066 They should be closer to the surface of the soil right now 712 00:32:19,066 --> 00:32:21,733 but they can go down as far as eight inches. 713 00:32:21,733 --> 00:32:24,433 So just maybe, we have a lot of problems with our turf grass 714 00:32:24,433 --> 00:32:25,700 so it could be multiple issues 715 00:32:25,700 --> 00:32:28,233 but if you see multiple take a peek 716 00:32:28,233 --> 00:32:31,066 and see if we've got some problems with the turf. 717 00:32:31,066 --> 00:32:34,266 - There's been plenty of vole damage in turf. 718 00:32:34,266 --> 00:32:35,100 - Yeah. 719 00:32:38,200 --> 00:32:42,433 - Mary, this question came in last week from Malta. 720 00:32:43,433 --> 00:32:47,733 They have a lentil seed that had been tested at MSU 721 00:32:47,733 --> 00:32:51,266 and it showed that the seed has anthracnose. 722 00:32:51,266 --> 00:32:53,333 What can they do, plant it or not? 723 00:32:53,333 --> 00:32:57,466 And you might tell growers what anthracnose is. 724 00:32:57,466 --> 00:33:00,366 - So anthracnose is a fungus 725 00:33:00,366 --> 00:33:05,066 that probably looks a lot like ascochyta blight on lentil 726 00:33:05,066 --> 00:33:08,033 if you don't know exactly what you're looking for 727 00:33:08,033 --> 00:33:12,800 but it's much more aggressive on lentil than ascochyta is 728 00:33:14,866 --> 00:33:18,933 and it can infect many different plants. 729 00:33:18,933 --> 00:33:22,966 If you do have some on your seed that is a risk. 730 00:33:22,966 --> 00:33:25,733 It really depends on how much you have on your seed, 731 00:33:25,733 --> 00:33:28,766 if it's 80% I probably have other issues 732 00:33:28,766 --> 00:33:30,400 with your seed anyway. 733 00:33:30,400 --> 00:33:32,200 If it's 5% or so, 734 00:33:33,200 --> 00:33:35,666 I would just use a seed treatment, 735 00:33:35,666 --> 00:33:38,466 fungicide that has activity against anthracnose 736 00:33:38,466 --> 00:33:42,500 and you can find activity versus chemistry table 737 00:33:44,433 --> 00:33:49,100 on my website, the extension plant prep website. 738 00:33:49,100 --> 00:33:51,000 Use a seed treatment with advocacy 739 00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:55,533 and make sure your seed is healthy and has good germ. 740 00:33:55,533 --> 00:33:57,000 And then watch during the season 741 00:33:57,000 --> 00:33:59,066 you may have to apply a fungicide. 742 00:33:59,066 --> 00:34:02,200 This one comes in kinda late. 743 00:34:02,200 --> 00:34:03,800 - Mary, 744 00:34:03,800 --> 00:34:08,800 you've got a lot to do with the Pulse Seed Diagnostics Lab. 745 00:34:09,066 --> 00:34:10,166 Any idea on what's happening 746 00:34:10,166 --> 00:34:12,933 for demand for lentil seed this year? 747 00:34:12,933 --> 00:34:16,500 Is it hard to find good seed if somebody's got disease seed 748 00:34:16,500 --> 00:34:19,766 or do you have any idea about that? 749 00:34:19,766 --> 00:34:21,933 - I don't know about demand. 750 00:34:21,933 --> 00:34:23,733 We have gotten a lot of lentil samples, 751 00:34:23,733 --> 00:34:27,266 there's gonna be a lot more lentils going in this year. 752 00:34:27,266 --> 00:34:28,800 Most of the seed coming through the lab 753 00:34:28,800 --> 00:34:30,733 has been pretty clean. 754 00:34:30,733 --> 00:34:35,733 We had enough drop out last year that it cleaned up a lot of 755 00:34:35,866 --> 00:34:37,200 the seed stocks. 756 00:34:40,266 --> 00:34:42,933 - Paper says that we'll probably see an increase 757 00:34:42,933 --> 00:34:46,233 in pulse crop production in the state 758 00:34:46,233 --> 00:34:49,433 because of the high protein and possible shortage of meat. 759 00:34:49,433 --> 00:34:52,066 We'll see if that holds true. 760 00:34:52,066 --> 00:34:53,666 The phones are not working again, folks. 761 00:34:53,666 --> 00:34:54,500 We had some problems 762 00:34:54,500 --> 00:34:57,833 with phones coming in kinda cutting out. 763 00:34:57,833 --> 00:34:59,900 If you have questions get on the phone now 764 00:34:59,900 --> 00:35:02,900 and you'll see a phone number on the screen. 765 00:35:02,900 --> 00:35:07,900 Give us your questions and we'll do our best to answer them. 766 00:35:07,933 --> 00:35:09,333 Interesting question, Jason. 767 00:35:09,333 --> 00:35:11,233 This came from Azure. 768 00:35:11,233 --> 00:35:12,733 What is your opinion 769 00:35:12,733 --> 00:35:16,800 of patenting research supported by public dollars 770 00:35:16,800 --> 00:35:18,966 in Montana's universities? 771 00:35:23,433 --> 00:35:26,633 - I think investments in research by the state 772 00:35:26,633 --> 00:35:28,166 are really important. 773 00:35:28,166 --> 00:35:30,066 If you look at other states 774 00:35:30,066 --> 00:35:33,800 that have strong public research universities 775 00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:38,233 there is an investment in the state 776 00:35:38,233 --> 00:35:41,033 and we have that here in Montana in various forms. 777 00:35:41,033 --> 00:35:43,700 Whether it be through some allocations 778 00:35:43,700 --> 00:35:45,800 of the general fund resources, 779 00:35:45,800 --> 00:35:49,200 all be it a very limited amount. 780 00:35:49,200 --> 00:35:52,566 Funding of our experimental stations is a great example 781 00:35:52,566 --> 00:35:55,333 of how the state is investing in research 782 00:35:55,333 --> 00:35:58,266 and then even previous to when I arrived 783 00:35:58,266 --> 00:36:00,166 and I know prior to COVID hitting, 784 00:36:00,166 --> 00:36:02,100 we were talking about the M-Ready Program 785 00:36:02,100 --> 00:36:05,733 which was the economic development research initiative 786 00:36:05,733 --> 00:36:07,566 that they had in 2016. 787 00:36:09,100 --> 00:36:12,500 Public investment in research pays itself back 788 00:36:12,500 --> 00:36:13,933 many, many fold. 789 00:36:13,933 --> 00:36:15,800 You look at what it can do 790 00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:18,566 as far as bolstering infrastructure within the state, 791 00:36:18,566 --> 00:36:21,733 bringing in high quality individuals that can then 792 00:36:21,733 --> 00:36:24,800 become contributors to the public, 793 00:36:24,800 --> 00:36:27,633 answer questions that are relevant to the public 794 00:36:27,633 --> 00:36:31,766 and also create a great tax base for a state. 795 00:36:31,766 --> 00:36:35,000 I've always said this about research. 796 00:36:35,000 --> 00:36:38,066 The federal government as tough as it is, 797 00:36:38,066 --> 00:36:41,733 it's never gonna stop spending in research and if anything, 798 00:36:41,733 --> 00:36:43,566 on the backside of COVID 799 00:36:43,566 --> 00:36:45,200 there's a lot of health sciences research 800 00:36:45,200 --> 00:36:46,833 that's gonna continue. 801 00:36:46,833 --> 00:36:48,533 States that decide to invest, 802 00:36:48,533 --> 00:36:50,533 they're gonna create infrastructure 803 00:36:50,533 --> 00:36:53,733 and those are gonna be the states that will have 804 00:36:53,733 --> 00:36:55,900 those influx of resources. 805 00:36:55,900 --> 00:36:59,066 So why shouldn't we have the best individuals here, 806 00:36:59,066 --> 00:37:01,633 in Montana conducting some of that research? 807 00:37:01,633 --> 00:37:05,766 Why does it always have to be in Tennessee or Virginia, 808 00:37:05,766 --> 00:37:08,366 or these other places, Texas? 809 00:37:08,366 --> 00:37:09,966 We can have that here in Montana 810 00:37:09,966 --> 00:37:11,533 and we have that 811 00:37:11,533 --> 00:37:14,300 both at Montana State and the University of Montana 812 00:37:14,300 --> 00:37:15,366 to a certain extent. 813 00:37:15,366 --> 00:37:17,133 And so I think it's a big part 814 00:37:17,133 --> 00:37:20,466 of the economic development ecosystem for a state 815 00:37:20,466 --> 00:37:25,166 to have really strong research public institutions. 816 00:37:25,166 --> 00:37:27,000 - Okay thanks, Jason. 817 00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:27,833 Perry, 818 00:37:29,100 --> 00:37:31,533 this game from Chester again. 819 00:37:34,600 --> 00:37:37,466 Their question is, do you believe that Montana is right 820 00:37:37,466 --> 00:37:40,133 for a canola explosion in acres? 821 00:37:44,933 --> 00:37:48,333 - Well, so canola is a crop we haven't grown very much of 822 00:37:48,333 --> 00:37:50,466 and we talked about climate issues earlier, 823 00:37:50,466 --> 00:37:53,433 and one of the reasons we haven't grown much canola is 824 00:37:53,433 --> 00:37:56,466 it doesn't tolerate heat very well, in the summer. 825 00:37:56,466 --> 00:37:59,300 So it's something that you've gotta get growing early, 826 00:37:59,300 --> 00:38:02,166 try and avoid some of that heat. 827 00:38:02,166 --> 00:38:04,800 There are breeding or genetic companies actually active 828 00:38:04,800 --> 00:38:06,566 in Montana right now that claim that 829 00:38:06,566 --> 00:38:09,433 they've got better heat tolerance varieties 830 00:38:09,433 --> 00:38:12,300 or more varieties that are more heat tolerant 831 00:38:12,300 --> 00:38:13,133 than in the past. 832 00:38:13,133 --> 00:38:16,633 There has been a game changer in the canola genetics world 833 00:38:16,633 --> 00:38:20,900 and that's the development of shatterproof pods. 834 00:38:20,900 --> 00:38:24,033 It used to be if you had a field that was ripening unevenly 835 00:38:24,033 --> 00:38:26,633 and canola was very prone to shattering, 836 00:38:26,633 --> 00:38:29,200 that could be a real challenge for the grower to deal with. 837 00:38:29,200 --> 00:38:32,866 And if you have green canola in your crop, 838 00:38:32,866 --> 00:38:33,833 green canola seed, 839 00:38:33,833 --> 00:38:36,933 it's a serious dockage factor 840 00:38:36,933 --> 00:38:38,533 but now with these shatterproof pods, 841 00:38:38,533 --> 00:38:39,400 I'll tell you what? 842 00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:42,200 My limited experience at our plots is, 843 00:38:42,200 --> 00:38:44,566 boy, I just can't believe how well they're working. 844 00:38:44,566 --> 00:38:48,000 So that allows the crop to stand a little bit longer 845 00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:50,933 and for it to eat, all evens out and all come matures. 846 00:38:50,933 --> 00:38:53,033 So that's a real plus. 847 00:38:53,033 --> 00:38:56,666 It may eliminate that swathing costs so that's a positive. 848 00:38:56,666 --> 00:39:00,433 There's been some work going on with winter canola 849 00:39:00,433 --> 00:39:02,133 and so that's looking a little more promising, 850 00:39:02,133 --> 00:39:03,533 and that's something that you would plant 851 00:39:03,533 --> 00:39:04,900 kinda like winter wheat. 852 00:39:04,900 --> 00:39:08,133 And so really get a jump on the season. 853 00:39:09,066 --> 00:39:13,033 Right now winter canola would be growing pretty vigorously. 854 00:39:13,033 --> 00:39:16,400 Some years we've actually had it flowering by May 1st. 855 00:39:16,400 --> 00:39:19,800 Now, wouldn't be the case this year but typically, 856 00:39:19,800 --> 00:39:22,133 it can certainly be flowering by June 1st 857 00:39:22,133 --> 00:39:24,666 and beat a lot of the heat. 858 00:39:24,666 --> 00:39:26,633 So there is a lot of interest in canola right now, 859 00:39:26,633 --> 00:39:30,233 we haven't had, Montana's been looked at as a potential area 860 00:39:30,233 --> 00:39:33,066 to diversify into that crop 861 00:39:33,066 --> 00:39:34,600 and there's some things changing genetically 862 00:39:34,600 --> 00:39:35,900 that might make that more realistic 863 00:39:35,900 --> 00:39:38,500 than it used to be in the past. 864 00:39:39,833 --> 00:39:42,400 - I like canola but I don't like seeds that are shatterproof 865 00:39:42,400 --> 00:39:44,166 because I like to hunt doves 866 00:39:44,166 --> 00:39:47,800 and doves really, really love canola. 867 00:39:47,800 --> 00:39:49,966 So good news and bad news. 868 00:39:49,966 --> 00:39:53,133 Good for a farmer, bad for us hunters. 869 00:39:54,233 --> 00:39:56,600 Laurie, when do they spray for coddling moth? 870 00:39:56,600 --> 00:39:59,933 You might just say what probably coddling moth is. 871 00:39:59,933 --> 00:40:01,866 - Coddling moth is they kinda call that the worm 872 00:40:01,866 --> 00:40:03,700 that's in your apple, so it hits pear, 873 00:40:03,700 --> 00:40:08,466 it hit some other things too but mainly apples and pears. 874 00:40:10,833 --> 00:40:13,233 Kind of tunneling in and and kind of ruining the inside 875 00:40:13,233 --> 00:40:14,400 of the fruits. 876 00:40:15,966 --> 00:40:18,166 Commercially we get them in the backyard 877 00:40:18,166 --> 00:40:20,566 and they're a little bit difficult to spray for, 878 00:40:20,566 --> 00:40:23,066 to time it right but basically 879 00:40:24,166 --> 00:40:28,300 and it differs around state so when we're in bloom 880 00:40:28,300 --> 00:40:31,100 that's when we start to see the adults come out, 881 00:40:31,100 --> 00:40:32,900 the males come out, they mate, 882 00:40:32,900 --> 00:40:34,433 and then they lay eggs on the leaves. 883 00:40:34,433 --> 00:40:37,600 The larvae feed on the leaves for a little bit 884 00:40:37,600 --> 00:40:39,766 but the whole, and I can help anybody 885 00:40:39,766 --> 00:40:42,200 if they need to time spraying depending on 886 00:40:42,200 --> 00:40:44,333 how many apple trees they have, 887 00:40:44,333 --> 00:40:47,100 but never ever want to spray during bloom. 888 00:40:47,100 --> 00:40:50,666 So we use a calculation called degree days, 889 00:40:50,666 --> 00:40:52,433 which is based on temperature 890 00:40:52,433 --> 00:40:54,500 and the development of the, 891 00:40:54,500 --> 00:40:57,500 50 degree development temperature of the insect. 892 00:40:57,500 --> 00:41:00,900 It's a little tricky but if you only have one tree 893 00:41:00,900 --> 00:41:03,666 then practice sanitation, pick up those apples, 894 00:41:03,666 --> 00:41:05,200 try to thin your fruit out 895 00:41:05,200 --> 00:41:07,800 but just just remember there's several products available 896 00:41:07,800 --> 00:41:10,533 and don't spray during bloom. 897 00:41:10,533 --> 00:41:12,033 - And any of your local nursery 898 00:41:12,033 --> 00:41:16,066 would have the proper insecticides, I assume. 899 00:41:16,066 --> 00:41:17,500 - Yeah, yep. 900 00:41:17,500 --> 00:41:19,300 - Okay, Jason, (chuckles) 901 00:41:19,300 --> 00:41:20,966 Facebook is amazing. 902 00:41:22,533 --> 00:41:25,000 Question came in from Fort Collins 903 00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:28,533 and he is a student and he would like to know, 904 00:41:28,533 --> 00:41:29,633 I don't know if it's he. 905 00:41:29,633 --> 00:41:33,666 They would like to know, if MSU's graduate student stipends 906 00:41:33,666 --> 00:41:38,166 in AG are competitive with other Western universities. 907 00:41:42,300 --> 00:41:45,266 - We're working on our stipends for our graduate students. 908 00:41:45,266 --> 00:41:50,266 I just wanna thank our graduate students for what they do 909 00:41:50,700 --> 00:41:55,200 to this university and we talk a lot at MSU about 910 00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:57,700 our excellence in our undergraduate education 911 00:41:57,700 --> 00:42:00,600 but we've got some really phenomenal graduate students. 912 00:42:00,600 --> 00:42:03,200 And what I can tell you is that 913 00:42:03,200 --> 00:42:07,966 we have varying levels across our different colleges 914 00:42:07,966 --> 00:42:10,200 and it goes across our different programs. 915 00:42:10,200 --> 00:42:12,433 There's not a single rate 916 00:42:12,433 --> 00:42:14,800 and so we have a basal rate, of course, 917 00:42:14,800 --> 00:42:17,600 that we have for a lot of our graduate teaching assistants 918 00:42:17,600 --> 00:42:18,733 and so forth 919 00:42:18,733 --> 00:42:20,666 but then we have other rates 920 00:42:20,666 --> 00:42:23,000 that are funded through the grant programs, 921 00:42:23,000 --> 00:42:26,066 the external grant programs and 922 00:42:26,066 --> 00:42:27,933 when an individual or a graduate student 923 00:42:27,933 --> 00:42:30,066 is externally funded by a grant, 924 00:42:30,066 --> 00:42:32,133 it can actually be very well funded, 925 00:42:32,133 --> 00:42:34,333 very well funded graduate students. 926 00:42:34,333 --> 00:42:37,733 It's hard to answer that question because 927 00:42:41,033 --> 00:42:44,266 there's can be such a wide spread of graduate stipends 928 00:42:44,266 --> 00:42:47,233 but it's something that we're keenly aware of, 929 00:42:47,233 --> 00:42:50,333 that it's really important and very, very tough 930 00:42:50,333 --> 00:42:52,333 for graduate students to 931 00:42:53,900 --> 00:42:56,666 live in areas like Bozeman and other places, 932 00:42:56,666 --> 00:42:57,933 and still do their education. 933 00:42:57,933 --> 00:43:00,466 So I think our faculty are strongly committed. 934 00:43:00,466 --> 00:43:02,133 I know our office is strongly committed 935 00:43:02,133 --> 00:43:03,400 and that's it actually Jack, 936 00:43:03,400 --> 00:43:08,433 one of the reasons why President Crisado actually added. 937 00:43:08,800 --> 00:43:10,166 My predecessor was 938 00:43:10,166 --> 00:43:12,566 the Vice President for Research and Economic Development 939 00:43:12,566 --> 00:43:14,300 and my title is Vice President 940 00:43:14,300 --> 00:43:17,166 for Research, Economic Development and 941 00:43:17,166 --> 00:43:18,933 And one of the reasons for that 942 00:43:18,933 --> 00:43:21,066 was because the executive team 943 00:43:21,066 --> 00:43:24,033 and the administration decided that we needed to do more 944 00:43:24,033 --> 00:43:25,300 for our graduate students. 945 00:43:25,300 --> 00:43:28,633 That we needed to put them at a higher priority, 946 00:43:28,633 --> 00:43:29,466 work with them 947 00:43:29,466 --> 00:43:31,766 and research really is the way that we should be funding 948 00:43:31,766 --> 00:43:32,666 our graduate students. 949 00:43:32,666 --> 00:43:36,166 So we're doing some pretty great initiatives here 950 00:43:36,166 --> 00:43:38,400 to try to bolster up some of the graduate stipends 951 00:43:38,400 --> 00:43:40,600 and graduate opportunities here. 952 00:43:40,600 --> 00:43:42,800 And I'm pretty excited about where we're gonna be, 953 00:43:42,800 --> 00:43:43,900 it's gonna take a little bit of time 954 00:43:43,900 --> 00:43:46,666 but we're very committed to that cause. 955 00:43:46,666 --> 00:43:47,833 - Okay, thank you. 956 00:43:47,833 --> 00:43:52,033 In my limited experience from graduate students years ago, 957 00:43:52,033 --> 00:43:55,633 stipends are important but who you're working with 958 00:43:55,633 --> 00:43:58,966 and what you're really interested in, 959 00:43:58,966 --> 00:44:02,100 If somebody really wants to work on cropping systems, 960 00:44:02,100 --> 00:44:04,333 Perry would be as good as anybody in the country. 961 00:44:04,333 --> 00:44:05,700 So it's that kinda thing 962 00:44:05,700 --> 00:44:09,500 that graduate student should also take into consideration. 963 00:44:09,500 --> 00:44:10,600 Mary, 964 00:44:10,600 --> 00:44:13,466 from Hailsham, this person would think they had late blight 965 00:44:13,466 --> 00:44:15,133 in their tomatoes. 966 00:44:15,133 --> 00:44:19,033 Last summer the tomatoes wilted and died quite rapidly, 967 00:44:19,033 --> 00:44:21,966 any clue what that might have been? 968 00:44:22,900 --> 00:44:27,233 - I doubt it was late blight just because we didn't. 969 00:44:28,600 --> 00:44:31,300 Well, there's a little bit in Idaho, I think on potato 970 00:44:31,300 --> 00:44:32,633 but they should get that diagnose. 971 00:44:32,633 --> 00:44:33,833 A lot of people think it's late blight 972 00:44:33,833 --> 00:44:35,600 and it's actually early blight. 973 00:44:35,600 --> 00:44:38,633 Another really common disease of tomato 974 00:44:38,633 --> 00:44:42,900 that can take them down rapidly is fusarium wilt 975 00:44:42,900 --> 00:44:45,466 and they could have submitted a sample last year, 976 00:44:45,466 --> 00:44:48,900 and in with those vascular wilts you really wanna 977 00:44:48,900 --> 00:44:51,633 use clean cropping material. 978 00:44:51,633 --> 00:44:54,100 There are resistant varieties that you can choose 979 00:44:54,100 --> 00:44:57,466 and you wanna rotate out of that area 980 00:44:57,466 --> 00:45:00,466 for instance all the salinatious crops out of that area 981 00:45:00,466 --> 00:45:02,233 for an extended period of time. 982 00:45:02,233 --> 00:45:04,866 So if they do plant some tomatoes in that same soil 983 00:45:04,866 --> 00:45:06,733 and get the same symptoms. 984 00:45:06,733 --> 00:45:10,666 Send us a sample, we love seeing little spores, 985 00:45:11,566 --> 00:45:12,566 they're really cute. 986 00:45:12,566 --> 00:45:15,633 So we're happy to help with that. 987 00:45:15,633 --> 00:45:17,833 - Mary knowing the Hailsham, 988 00:45:17,833 --> 00:45:20,366 years ago we had a lot of curly top there, 989 00:45:20,366 --> 00:45:22,600 killed tomatoes out there quite rapidly. 990 00:45:22,600 --> 00:45:25,733 You think it's possible at curly top virus might have been 991 00:45:25,733 --> 00:45:27,466 part of that problem? 992 00:45:29,100 --> 00:45:30,533 - It surely could. 993 00:45:30,533 --> 00:45:31,933 I don't know if there is a bunch of curly top 994 00:45:31,933 --> 00:45:33,033 in Wyoming last year. 995 00:45:33,033 --> 00:45:35,133 So it could come through. 996 00:45:36,166 --> 00:45:37,666 - Okay, Jason. 997 00:45:37,666 --> 00:45:41,266 - That one's a leaf hopper transmitted virus 998 00:45:41,266 --> 00:45:43,466 and would come in from another area. 999 00:45:43,466 --> 00:45:45,366 So then there would be no risk this year, 1000 00:45:45,366 --> 00:45:47,233 unless the leaf hoppers decided to come again 1001 00:45:47,233 --> 00:45:48,866 with the virus. 1002 00:45:48,866 --> 00:45:50,800 - Okay, thanks Mary. 1003 00:45:50,800 --> 00:45:54,266 Jason, this person would like to know 1004 00:45:54,266 --> 00:45:58,166 your concept of basic versus Applied Research 1005 00:45:58,166 --> 00:45:59,800 and do you see a role for each 1006 00:45:59,800 --> 00:46:02,666 in the College of Agriculture? 1007 00:46:02,666 --> 00:46:06,200 - Great question and I'll answer the later part first. 1008 00:46:06,200 --> 00:46:09,700 Absolutely, I think I do see a role within the College of AG 1009 00:46:09,700 --> 00:46:12,466 for both basic and Applied Research. 1010 00:46:12,466 --> 00:46:15,200 So Applied Research is gonna be a research 1011 00:46:15,200 --> 00:46:17,533 that has direct applications 1012 00:46:19,133 --> 00:46:21,266 to whether it be everyday life, 1013 00:46:21,266 --> 00:46:23,300 the ecosystem, whatever it might be. 1014 00:46:23,300 --> 00:46:25,966 Basic research is something fundamental. 1015 00:46:25,966 --> 00:46:27,766 It's really studying something 1016 00:46:27,766 --> 00:46:29,933 for the sake of understanding it. 1017 00:46:29,933 --> 00:46:32,033 A lot of the basic science 1018 00:46:32,033 --> 00:46:35,933 and basic research does translate at some point 1019 00:46:35,933 --> 00:46:38,700 to Applied Research levels, at some point. 1020 00:46:38,700 --> 00:46:41,533 But it can take years, it can take many, many years 1021 00:46:41,533 --> 00:46:45,833 and I think we've had several examples over several decades 1022 00:46:45,833 --> 00:46:47,200 that have shown the importance 1023 00:46:47,200 --> 00:46:49,566 and the value of basic research. 1024 00:46:49,566 --> 00:46:52,166 I think there's a really strong 1025 00:46:54,300 --> 00:46:56,533 bias within some sectors 1026 00:46:56,533 --> 00:47:00,666 of the federal funding agencies for Applied Research 1027 00:47:00,666 --> 00:47:04,600 and others that are more appreciative of the basic side 1028 00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:07,300 but even the Department of Defense, for example, 1029 00:47:07,300 --> 00:47:10,933 which is the largest funder of Applied Research 1030 00:47:10,933 --> 00:47:14,366 still has these categories called 61, 62, 63 1031 00:47:14,366 --> 00:47:17,866 and the 61 category is for that basic research. 1032 00:47:17,866 --> 00:47:21,866 So even the federal agency that values Applied Research 1033 00:47:21,866 --> 00:47:25,566 more than any other still values that basic research 1034 00:47:25,566 --> 00:47:29,066 and so in AG it absolutely has to be there. 1035 00:47:29,066 --> 00:47:32,533 I think a lot of efforts right now are on the applied side 1036 00:47:32,533 --> 00:47:35,200 but without that basic we can't forecast 1037 00:47:35,200 --> 00:47:38,566 where we're gonna need to be five, 10, 1038 00:47:38,566 --> 00:47:40,600 20 years down the road. 1039 00:47:40,600 --> 00:47:42,833 - I think there's a pretty good balance of both 1040 00:47:42,833 --> 00:47:43,666 in the College of AG, 1041 00:47:43,666 --> 00:47:46,000 I believe here at Montana State University. 1042 00:47:46,000 --> 00:47:47,366 - That's my impression as well. 1043 00:47:47,366 --> 00:47:51,300 That's my impression as well from what I what I've seen and 1044 00:47:51,300 --> 00:47:53,833 in particular, again, back to some of the work 1045 00:47:53,833 --> 00:47:56,833 that's happening on the COVID-19 side. 1046 00:47:56,833 --> 00:47:59,533 Some of our researchers that have been doing basic research, 1047 00:47:59,533 --> 00:48:02,300 looking at gene editing and CRISPR technologies, 1048 00:48:02,300 --> 00:48:05,466 and other types of things are now being able 1049 00:48:05,466 --> 00:48:08,366 to very rapidly turn their research into something 1050 00:48:08,366 --> 00:48:11,700 that is very important and very applied. 1051 00:48:12,566 --> 00:48:13,433 - Thank you. 1052 00:48:13,433 --> 00:48:16,200 Laurie from Darlene in Dry Creek. 1053 00:48:17,200 --> 00:48:20,733 They had a grasshopper situation last year 1054 00:48:20,733 --> 00:48:22,500 and they anticipate one this year, 1055 00:48:22,500 --> 00:48:25,400 do you know anything that would stop grasshoppers 1056 00:48:25,400 --> 00:48:27,166 in their situation 1057 00:48:27,166 --> 00:48:31,600 or do you foresee another bad grasshopper year? 1058 00:48:31,600 --> 00:48:33,800 - Grasshoppers get tricky depending on 1059 00:48:33,800 --> 00:48:38,200 if it's a backyard situation or if it's a range land area. 1060 00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:40,100 So I think a lot of the. 1061 00:48:40,100 --> 00:48:43,600 We had no low bait and a couple other baits 1062 00:48:43,600 --> 00:48:48,333 that we could order to kind of deter the grasshoppers but 1063 00:48:50,866 --> 00:48:54,100 one of them I think there's a fire in Durango, Colorado, 1064 00:48:54,100 --> 00:48:55,300 so that wasn't available 1065 00:48:55,300 --> 00:48:59,433 and I think the baits are hard to get right now. 1066 00:48:59,433 --> 00:49:00,800 They can certainly contact me 1067 00:49:00,800 --> 00:49:04,000 and we'll figure out what kind of situation they have 1068 00:49:04,000 --> 00:49:05,066 because they'll come in 1069 00:49:05,066 --> 00:49:07,366 and they'll eat everything in the backyard. 1070 00:49:07,366 --> 00:49:10,666 Depending on what they have, what they're concerned about. 1071 00:49:10,666 --> 00:49:12,966 It's tricky because over winter in areas, 1072 00:49:12,966 --> 00:49:14,966 in ditches and things that we don't really know exactly 1073 00:49:14,966 --> 00:49:17,833 where they're over wintering. 1074 00:49:17,833 --> 00:49:20,433 They definitely follow drier years and 1075 00:49:20,433 --> 00:49:23,866 it could be a bad year just depends. 1076 00:49:23,866 --> 00:49:26,100 - Okay, thank you. 1077 00:49:26,100 --> 00:49:28,766 Perry, from Fort Benton. 1078 00:49:28,766 --> 00:49:30,466 This person would like to know 1079 00:49:30,466 --> 00:49:35,300 has the hemp acres increase significantly in the state 1080 00:49:35,300 --> 00:49:38,533 and what type of research is being done on hemp? 1081 00:49:38,533 --> 00:49:41,933 And also for the audience, what do you use it for? 1082 00:49:41,933 --> 00:49:46,600 - So hemp is this is a very versatile and very old crop. 1083 00:49:47,466 --> 00:49:52,133 The seed can be just consumed for human nutrition, 1084 00:49:52,133 --> 00:49:53,800 it can be pressed for oil, 1085 00:49:53,800 --> 00:49:57,800 there's actually some medicinal properties associated 1086 00:49:57,800 --> 00:50:00,433 with some of the oil extracts 1087 00:50:00,433 --> 00:50:02,133 that come out of hemp seed. 1088 00:50:02,133 --> 00:50:06,433 It's been used in fiber production for a long time. 1089 00:50:06,433 --> 00:50:08,833 It's a pretty versatile crop. 1090 00:50:10,333 --> 00:50:12,433 We were actually, the last two years in a row, 1091 00:50:12,433 --> 00:50:14,566 we've had the most acres of hemp production 1092 00:50:14,566 --> 00:50:17,700 anywhere in the United States in Montana. 1093 00:50:17,700 --> 00:50:19,666 That doesn't necessarily mean the most production 1094 00:50:19,666 --> 00:50:22,166 but we have been a pretty active player 1095 00:50:22,166 --> 00:50:23,633 and I really wanna do a shout out 1096 00:50:23,633 --> 00:50:25,466 for the Montana Department of Agriculture. 1097 00:50:25,466 --> 00:50:28,366 They have shown some real positive genuine leadership 1098 00:50:28,366 --> 00:50:31,566 on trying to get this new crop situated properly 1099 00:50:31,566 --> 00:50:33,300 for Montana farmers. 1100 00:50:33,300 --> 00:50:36,766 Right now I think we've got, the collective we, 1101 00:50:36,766 --> 00:50:39,400 I think there's something like 12 processors 1102 00:50:39,400 --> 00:50:42,333 that are either in operation or 1103 00:50:42,333 --> 00:50:44,633 in construction phase to be processing hemp 1104 00:50:44,633 --> 00:50:46,066 in different capacities. 1105 00:50:46,066 --> 00:50:50,566 Most of that is CBD oil extraction and that market is, 1106 00:50:52,633 --> 00:50:54,300 I wouldn't know how to characterize it other 1107 00:50:54,300 --> 00:50:55,900 than it's pretty. 1108 00:50:55,900 --> 00:50:58,300 There's a lot of sorting out going on right now 1109 00:50:58,300 --> 00:51:00,433 as the prices were very high at one time 1110 00:51:00,433 --> 00:51:04,166 and now those prices are ratcheting back down as supply 1111 00:51:04,166 --> 00:51:06,100 is getting figured out. 1112 00:51:07,000 --> 00:51:08,800 Still there's a there's a lot of interest 1113 00:51:08,800 --> 00:51:11,266 and there's some really, this is all secondhand, 1114 00:51:11,266 --> 00:51:16,066 but I have some really serious investment in processing 1115 00:51:16,066 --> 00:51:19,700 and harvesting machinery in the state of Montana. 1116 00:51:19,700 --> 00:51:24,100 So somebody thinks that this is gonna be useful crop. 1117 00:51:27,333 --> 00:51:30,000 Hemp is classified as a narcotic 1118 00:51:30,900 --> 00:51:33,633 and so it's been something that's been difficult 1119 00:51:33,633 --> 00:51:35,233 to get funding for. 1120 00:51:36,600 --> 00:51:40,366 We have done a little bit of preliminary research 1121 00:51:40,366 --> 00:51:42,233 with the proper licensing and whatnot 1122 00:51:42,233 --> 00:51:44,333 and so we're still and I would say at MSU. 1123 00:51:44,333 --> 00:51:46,100 We're in an exploratory phase. 1124 00:51:46,100 --> 00:51:47,900 One of the real problems right now is 1125 00:51:47,900 --> 00:51:50,266 there's a maximum allowance for the psychoactive component 1126 00:51:50,266 --> 00:51:53,100 of cannabis sativa and that's THC. 1127 00:51:56,566 --> 00:51:59,600 When you're producing CBD oil sometimes you can run close 1128 00:51:59,600 --> 00:52:01,433 to that 0.3% limit 1129 00:52:01,433 --> 00:52:04,866 and so we'd like to know more about genetic 1130 00:52:04,866 --> 00:52:07,366 and environmental factors when we start 1131 00:52:07,366 --> 00:52:09,266 to run into higher THC levels. 1132 00:52:09,266 --> 00:52:12,000 That's probably one of the most pressing issues. 1133 00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:14,833 - How many acres (mumbles)? 1134 00:52:14,833 --> 00:52:17,800 - Last year, sorry did I get that. 1135 00:52:17,800 --> 00:52:19,333 Was a question how many acres? 1136 00:52:19,333 --> 00:52:20,433 - Yeah. 1137 00:52:20,433 --> 00:52:22,233 - Last year, 1138 00:52:22,233 --> 00:52:24,300 seeded was around 52,000, 1139 00:52:26,300 --> 00:52:28,366 harvested not nearly so many. 1140 00:52:28,366 --> 00:52:30,433 Remember we had that early winter 1141 00:52:30,433 --> 00:52:33,966 and that early October snow that caused a lot of trouble 1142 00:52:33,966 --> 00:52:37,866 for hemp growers in Montana, it was not good actually. 1143 00:52:37,866 --> 00:52:41,366 This year, I sit on the Hemp Advisory Committee 1144 00:52:41,366 --> 00:52:42,766 for the state of Montana 1145 00:52:42,766 --> 00:52:44,600 and it sounds like acreage is down 1146 00:52:44,600 --> 00:52:47,633 but nobody seems to know exactly how much down 1147 00:52:47,633 --> 00:52:49,666 from last year. 1148 00:52:49,666 --> 00:52:50,966 - Jason, you had a comment? 1149 00:52:50,966 --> 00:52:52,266 - Well, I was just gonna follow up 1150 00:52:52,266 --> 00:52:55,166 on something Perry mentioned which was. 1151 00:52:55,166 --> 00:52:58,066 This fall one of our classes at MSU, 1152 00:52:58,066 --> 00:53:00,633 it was a an interdisciplinary class 1153 00:53:00,633 --> 00:53:02,100 where they had a business student 1154 00:53:02,100 --> 00:53:05,766 and someone from agriculture and other areas 1155 00:53:06,833 --> 00:53:09,333 and even people from arts and humanities, 1156 00:53:09,333 --> 00:53:11,733 and there was a pitch pitch program on hemp. 1157 00:53:11,733 --> 00:53:12,566 It was fascinating. 1158 00:53:12,566 --> 00:53:14,566 I went to the event it was an hour and a half event 1159 00:53:14,566 --> 00:53:17,733 and everything from the fibers that Perry mentioned, 1160 00:53:17,733 --> 00:53:22,733 I think one of the most novel ones that I heard was, 1161 00:53:22,733 --> 00:53:24,700 when we weed whack around our house 1162 00:53:24,700 --> 00:53:27,733 with those plastic things that spin off 1163 00:53:27,733 --> 00:53:31,333 and we are injecting plastic all into our our lawns 1164 00:53:31,333 --> 00:53:33,133 and our home care. 1165 00:53:33,133 --> 00:53:37,800 They had put together a prototype of using 1166 00:53:37,800 --> 00:53:39,833 to use that as a weed whacker. 1167 00:53:39,833 --> 00:53:41,666 Now it needs to definitely move on 1168 00:53:41,666 --> 00:53:43,100 to some validation stages 1169 00:53:43,100 --> 00:53:46,300 but it was really fascinating to see 1170 00:53:46,300 --> 00:53:47,833 those students, those undergraduate students, 1171 00:53:47,833 --> 00:53:50,433 challenged how can we use hemp 1172 00:53:50,433 --> 00:53:53,400 and how can we use it to its fullest potential? 1173 00:53:53,400 --> 00:53:56,066 And that was one of the ones Perry mentioned was the fibers. 1174 00:53:56,066 --> 00:53:58,800 It isn't always just about the oil, and the oil extractions, 1175 00:53:58,800 --> 00:54:01,266 and the THC that everybody gets focused in on 1176 00:54:01,266 --> 00:54:02,666 but there's a lot of potential 1177 00:54:02,666 --> 00:54:05,033 with the fiber structures as well. 1178 00:54:05,033 --> 00:54:06,466 - Okay, I like it. 1179 00:54:06,466 --> 00:54:08,033 I'm familiar with that program. 1180 00:54:08,033 --> 00:54:13,033 We had a couple other people on last year that (mumbles). 1181 00:54:14,033 --> 00:54:16,133 Laurie we're getting low on time 1182 00:54:16,133 --> 00:54:19,233 but a quick answer would help here. 1183 00:54:19,233 --> 00:54:22,900 Ponderosa Pine Spruce, all kinds of evergreen trees 1184 00:54:22,900 --> 00:54:24,533 have scales right now. 1185 00:54:24,533 --> 00:54:27,933 Good time to to control them or not? 1186 00:54:27,933 --> 00:54:31,200 - It depends on which one it is. 1187 00:54:31,200 --> 00:54:32,033 So usually 1188 00:54:33,166 --> 00:54:36,433 we have some plant indicators that when they're in bloom 1189 00:54:36,433 --> 00:54:38,333 that could help us with control. 1190 00:54:38,333 --> 00:54:41,266 So you can contact me if you've got a question on scales, 1191 00:54:41,266 --> 00:54:43,200 it just depends on what scale it is 1192 00:54:43,200 --> 00:54:45,766 because you wanna try to control them during 1193 00:54:45,766 --> 00:54:48,033 the active stage called the crawler stage, 1194 00:54:48,033 --> 00:54:50,300 and they're only out at certain times. 1195 00:54:50,300 --> 00:54:51,600 - Okay, thank you. 1196 00:54:51,600 --> 00:54:53,700 Jason, 30 seconds. 1197 00:54:53,700 --> 00:54:56,533 What do you think of agriculture in Montana? 1198 00:54:56,533 --> 00:55:00,866 - Well, I think it's obvious there's a huge history. 1199 00:55:01,800 --> 00:55:05,300 It's gonna be and remain a huge aspect 1200 00:55:05,300 --> 00:55:07,700 of the research at MSU. 1201 00:55:07,700 --> 00:55:11,133 I'm proud of what I see coming out of our College of AG. 1202 00:55:11,133 --> 00:55:13,866 It's amazing that the quality of the faculty 1203 00:55:13,866 --> 00:55:15,933 and the students that we have out of 1204 00:55:15,933 --> 00:55:18,533 the College of AG is remarkable. 1205 00:55:18,533 --> 00:55:20,733 - Thank you and thanks for coming tonight Jason. 1206 00:55:20,733 --> 00:55:22,433 As I said earlier, next week, 1207 00:55:22,433 --> 00:55:24,933 we're gonna have a gardening special. 1208 00:55:24,933 --> 00:55:27,366 A lot of the questions that we did not get to tonight 1209 00:55:27,366 --> 00:55:30,433 pertaining to gardens, we'll cover next week. 1210 00:55:30,433 --> 00:55:33,666 Everybody, thank you for joining us tonight. 1211 00:55:33,666 --> 00:55:36,100 The audience out there, lots of questions. 1212 00:55:36,100 --> 00:55:39,233 We appreciate that, without you watching the program 1213 00:55:39,233 --> 00:55:40,433 we wouldn't be here. 1214 00:55:40,433 --> 00:55:45,433 So with that you folks see everybody next week, good night. 1215 00:55:45,933 --> 00:55:48,766 (soothing music) 1216 00:56:11,266 --> 00:56:15,066 - [Narrator] Montana AG Live is made possible by 1217 00:56:15,066 --> 00:56:18,066 the Montana Department of Agriculture, 1218 00:56:18,066 --> 00:56:20,233 the MSU Extension Service, 1219 00:56:21,600 --> 00:56:23,966 the MSU AG Experiment Stations 1220 00:56:23,966 --> 00:56:26,833 of the College of Agriculture, 1221 00:56:26,833 --> 00:56:30,066 the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, 1222 00:56:30,066 --> 00:56:33,133 the Montana Bankers Association, 1223 00:56:33,133 --> 00:56:36,400 Cashman Nursery and Landscaping, 1224 00:56:36,400 --> 00:56:39,266 the Gallatin Gardeners Club 1225 00:56:39,266 --> 00:56:43,766 and the Rocky Mountains Certified Crop Advisor Program. 1226 00:56:43,766 --> 00:56:46,600 (soothing music)