WEBVTT 00:00.466 --> 00:03.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:21.18% - [Announcer] Montana Ag Live is made possible by 00:03.433 --> 00:06.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:20.17% the Montana Department of Agriculture, 00:07.200 --> 00:09.833 align:start position:17.5% line:86.38% size:22.69% the MSU Extension Service, 00:09.833 --> 00:12.300 align:start position:12.5% line:86.38% size:26.55% the MSU Ag Experiment Stations 00:12.300 --> 00:14.600 align:start position:12.5% line:86.38% size:22.9% of the College of Agriculture, 00:14.600 --> 00:17.666 align:start position:25.4% line:79.33% size:15.91% the Montana Wheat & Barley Committee, 00:17.666 --> 00:20.800 align:start position:10% line:86.38% size:27.56% the Montana Bankers Association, 00:20.800 --> 00:23.566 align:start position:12.5% line:86.38% size:27.76% Cashman Nursery & Landscaping, 00:23.566 --> 00:25.666 align:start position:15% line:86.38% size:23.1% the Gallatin Gardeners Club, 00:25.666 --> 00:29.433 align:start position:13.04% line:79.33% size:19.66% and the Rocky Mountain Certified Crop Adviser Program. 00:29.433 --> 00:32.000 align:start position:32.5% line:86.38% size:11.14% (folksy music) 00:43.766 --> 00:44.600 align:start position:30% line:10% size:12.97% - Good evening. 00:44.600 --> 00:46.566 align:start position:30.39% line:10% size:13.31% You are tuned to Montana Ag Live, 00:46.566 --> 00:49.933 align:start position:23.19% line:10% size:14.39% originating tonight from the studios of KUSM 00:49.933 --> 00:53.500 align:start position:15.44% line:10% size:21.89% on the very vibrant campus of Montana State University, 00:53.500 --> 00:56.133 align:start position:27.79% line:10% size:14.19% and also from our homes and offices 00:56.133 --> 00:58.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.46% throughout this beautiful state of Montana. 00:58.700 --> 01:00.066 align:start position:15% line:10% size:24.11% The program is coming to you 01:00.066 --> 01:02.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.66% over the Montana Public Television system. 01:02.966 --> 01:04.100 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.16% I'm Jack Riesselman, 01:04.100 --> 01:06.366 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.23% long retired professor of plant pathology. 01:06.366 --> 01:08.166 align:start position:29.53% line:10% size:10.13% I will be your host this evening, 01:08.166 --> 01:10.300 align:start position:20.81% line:10% size:19.96% and for those of you who have watched the program 01:10.300 --> 01:12.266 align:start position:28.97% line:10% size:12.36% in the past, you know how it works. 01:12.266 --> 01:15.933 align:start position:13.39% line:10% size:22.43% You phone in the questions, and we have this expert panel 01:15.933 --> 01:19.666 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.12% of very knowledgeable people this evening that will answer 01:19.666 --> 01:22.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.92% your questions to the best of their ability. 01:22.400 --> 01:25.066 align:start position:14.88% line:10% size:21.08% Without the questions, the program becomes pretty boring. 01:25.066 --> 01:27.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.37% So if you have questions, the phone number will be 01:27.433 --> 01:31.433 align:start position:17.63% line:10% size:21.08% on the screen here shortly and you can phone 'em in. 01:31.433 --> 01:32.933 align:start position:25.03% line:10% size:11.25% Before we get started this evening, 01:32.933 --> 01:34.366 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.48% let me introduce the panel. 01:34.366 --> 01:37.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.07% Here in the studio with me tonight is Mary Burrows. 01:37.166 --> 01:39.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:13.57% Mary is part-time administrator of 01:39.366 --> 01:40.566 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.37% the College of Agriculture 01:40.566 --> 01:44.066 align:start position:18.09% line:10% size:16.11% and also a part-time Extension plant pathologist. 01:44.066 --> 01:46.000 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.34% So if you have disease questions tonight 01:46.000 --> 01:49.333 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.13% or anything like that, hey, it's a great opportunity 01:49.333 --> 01:52.866 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.67% to find out what's going on and get your questions answered. 01:52.866 --> 01:56.566 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.71% Very popular guest, Cathy Cripps. 01:56.566 --> 01:59.166 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.73% Cathy is a mushroom specialist. 01:59.166 --> 02:03.300 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.27% We call her a mycologist, but her real love is mushrooms, 02:03.300 --> 02:06.066 align:start position:17.7% line:10% size:20.67% and if you have questions about mushrooms tonight, 02:06.066 --> 02:09.333 align:start position:19.17% line:10% size:16.22% hey, it's an excellent opportunity to learn a lot 02:09.333 --> 02:13.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.94% about a very intriguing type of growth here 02:13.700 --> 02:15.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.05% in the state of Montana. 02:15.300 --> 02:17.800 align:start position:24.93% line:10% size:11.75% Also joining us tonight is Abi Saeed. 02:17.800 --> 02:19.666 align:start position:18.51% line:10% size:15.91% Abi is our extension horticultural specialist. 02:19.666 --> 02:23.766 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.16% She'll answer questions about plants, horticultural plants, 02:23.766 --> 02:25.833 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.75% house plants, whatever you wanted to find out 02:25.833 --> 02:28.266 align:start position:25.2% line:10% size:15.4% about those plants, good chance to ask 02:28.266 --> 02:30.433 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.84% those questions and Tim Seipel. 02:30.433 --> 02:34.666 align:start position:19.54% line:10% size:15.88% Tim's, I would say a crop land weed scientist, 02:34.666 --> 02:36.666 align:start position:28.62% line:10% size:12.16% but he is a little broader than that. 02:36.666 --> 02:39.466 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:25.23% So if you have weed questions, excellent opportunity 02:39.466 --> 02:41.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.16% to ask them this evening. 02:41.833 --> 02:44.033 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.62% Taking the questions tonight via phone 02:44.033 --> 02:46.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.53% will be Cheryl Moore-Goff and Bruce Lobel. 02:46.900 --> 02:49.533 align:start position:25.46% line:10% size:16.01% They transmit those questions to me over 02:49.533 --> 02:51.500 align:start position:24.41% line:10% size:9.93% this little tiny computer in front of me 02:51.500 --> 02:53.833 align:start position:10% line:10% size:26.25% through technology called Slack. 02:53.833 --> 02:58.166 align:start position:15.18% line:10% size:24.55% Working Facebook and Twitter tonight is Sydney Timmermans 02:58.166 --> 03:00.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.38% and curating the questions for our newsletter 03:00.800 --> 03:03.700 align:start position:25.54% line:10% size:15.61% and so forth and so on is Abbey Wenger. 03:03.700 --> 03:07.533 align:start position:16.41% line:10% size:21.45% So with that, Cathy, I know you've been here many times. 03:07.533 --> 03:09.700 align:start position:26.02% line:10% size:12.87% Tell us a little bit about what you do 03:09.700 --> 03:12.366 align:start position:20.79% line:10% size:13.88% at Montana State University and also about 03:12.366 --> 03:14.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.88% your first love, mushrooms. 03:15.266 --> 03:17.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.74% - Yes, well I can always talk about mushrooms. 03:17.833 --> 03:22.833 align:start position:10% line:10% size:27.86% So, I teach classes on mushrooms and fungi at Montana State. 03:24.166 --> 03:25.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.95% I do research right now. 03:25.633 --> 03:27.866 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.55% The research we're doing is looking at 03:27.866 --> 03:31.766 align:start position:25.18% line:10% size:14.19% the biodiversity of mushrooms in Montana. 03:31.766 --> 03:36.300 align:start position:20.04% line:10% size:19.37% We're up to about 2,000 species, and I also work 03:36.300 --> 03:39.200 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.13% with whitebark pine restoration. 03:39.200 --> 03:41.533 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.47% Forest Service is planting a lot of seedlings 03:41.533 --> 03:46.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.65% and we're adding mycorrhizal fungi to help them survive. 03:46.600 --> 03:48.200 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.57% So that's the research for now. 03:48.200 --> 03:52.233 align:start position:23.9% line:10% size:13.92% I'm identified with the plant disease lab 03:52.233 --> 03:55.366 align:start position:22.77% line:10% size:15.44% and I'm on call with the Denver Poison Center 03:55.366 --> 03:57.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.9% for mushroom poison cases. 03:57.733 --> 03:59.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.57% Hopefully you never have to call me for that, 03:59.833 --> 04:02.000 align:start position:27.93% line:10% size:12.51% and I'll give you the morel report. 04:02.000 --> 04:04.266 align:start position:23.03% line:10% size:16.48% - Okay, Cathy let me ask you this question. 04:04.266 --> 04:07.833 align:start position:12.23% line:10% size:19.96% I mean, and I sat in plant pathology chair for a long time 04:07.833 --> 04:10.266 align:start position:19.14% line:10% size:17.09% and invariably, two or three or four times a year 04:10.266 --> 04:13.000 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:19.26% we had questions about mushroom poisoning. 04:13.000 --> 04:15.833 align:start position:21.12% line:10% size:17.02% How prevalent is that in a state like Montana? 04:17.000 --> 04:22.000 align:start position:15.69% line:10% size:17.84% - Well, it's, I do quite a few poison cases a year here, 04:24.066 --> 04:26.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:21.58% anywhere from, depending on if it's raining 04:26.600 --> 04:30.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:25.63% and the mushrooms are coming up, maybe five to 20 cases 04:30.900 --> 04:33.833 align:start position:24.07% line:10% size:14.79% a year, sometimes more casual but these 04:33.833 --> 04:38.133 align:start position:28.44% line:10% size:14.19% are not for deadly mushrooms usually. 04:38.133 --> 04:41.733 align:start position:24.79% line:10% size:16.28% We do not have that many deadly mushrooms. 04:41.733 --> 04:43.900 align:start position:10% line:10% size:26.49% They're, they can make you sick. 04:43.900 --> 04:46.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:15.4% They can send you to the hospital, 04:46.133 --> 04:50.633 align:start position:16.92% line:10% size:16.89% but deaths are really, really, really rare so yeah. 04:52.433 --> 04:54.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.66% - Okay, thank you. 04:54.066 --> 04:57.533 align:start position:15.15% line:10% size:16.96% Let's switch over to a Facebook question from Hamilton 04:57.533 --> 05:00.133 align:start position:25.06% line:10% size:11.76% and this is one that's been prevalent 05:00.133 --> 05:01.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.32% for the last two years. 05:01.433 --> 05:04.166 align:start position:18.97% line:10% size:16.31% This person has lost their rabbit, raspberries. 05:04.166 --> 05:07.566 align:start position:15.32% line:10% size:20.07% They have not leafed out on last year's clink canes. 05:07.566 --> 05:10.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.19% They want to know whether or not other folks 05:10.300 --> 05:12.066 align:start position:28.31% line:10% size:13.48% in Montana have the same problem. 05:12.066 --> 05:15.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.71% They have lots of new growth at the base of the plants. 05:15.100 --> 05:16.766 align:start position:30% line:10% size:13.07% What caused it? 05:16.766 --> 05:19.466 align:start position:24% line:10% size:12.49% Was it the early hard frost last year, 05:19.466 --> 05:22.600 align:start position:15.2% line:10% size:24.53% and should they go ahead and remove the dead canes down? 05:22.600 --> 05:24.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.48% I'm going to open that up to Abi to start with, 05:24.966 --> 05:27.566 align:start position:25.22% line:10% size:15.37% and Mary, you may want to jump in too. 05:27.566 --> 05:28.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.09% Abi, your opinion. 05:30.100 --> 05:34.566 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.51% - Yeah, so I have noticed and received a few phone calls 05:34.566 --> 05:38.000 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.1% about this, and my raspberry patch in the back too. 05:38.000 --> 05:42.533 align:start position:22.13% line:10% size:15.44% Some of last year's canes haven't leafed out 05:42.533 --> 05:46.033 align:start position:15.94% line:10% size:21.43% and I've scraped them and they were not alive anymore. 05:46.033 --> 05:50.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.43% So it is likely because of the early hard frost 05:50.133 --> 05:54.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.6% that some of them aren't going to leaf out. 05:54.433 --> 05:56.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.79% I would scrape them to see if they're still alive, 05:56.866 --> 06:00.100 align:start position:29.78% line:10% size:9.93% and if, if not, just remove them. 06:00.100 --> 06:01.766 align:start position:29.17% line:10% size:11.96% Right now, you can cut them back. 06:03.000 --> 06:06.133 align:start position:17.67% line:10% size:16.58% - I agree entirely, but it's been two years in a row 06:06.133 --> 06:09.066 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.39% that we lost raspberries and Mary's sitting here laughing 06:09.066 --> 06:11.500 align:start position:10% line:10% size:27.26% because she loves raspberry jam. 06:11.500 --> 06:12.333 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:4.66% - Yep. 06:12.333 --> 06:15.433 align:start position:25.74% line:10% size:14.03% - And it's tough to grow raspberries in 06:15.433 --> 06:17.366 align:start position:21.52% line:10% size:15.5% - I, you know, I was just really disappointed 06:17.366 --> 06:19.766 align:start position:14.71% line:10% size:15.1% and I think it was a combination this year, at least, 06:19.766 --> 06:22.466 align:start position:17.48% line:10% size:16.01% of that fall frost, and then I cut some to bring in 06:22.466 --> 06:25.166 align:start position:17.75% line:10% size:20.17% onto Ag Live just to show how to prune raspberries, 06:25.166 --> 06:28.500 align:start position:15.76% line:10% size:21.58% and there was some green ones, and then we got snow. 06:28.500 --> 06:31.933 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.7% So it just got a double whammy, and hopefully my third year 06:31.933 --> 06:36.433 align:start position:21.03% line:10% size:16.99% better produce really, really good raspberries. 06:36.433 --> 06:40.633 align:start position:11.89% line:10% size:21.9% - Well, I'm counting on next year and I'm watering my plants 06:40.633 --> 06:44.600 align:start position:13.21% line:10% size:21.79% very faithfully but about the mid, early-mid part of August 06:44.600 --> 06:46.900 align:start position:22.11% line:10% size:15.24% I'm going to kind of let them go on their own 06:46.900 --> 06:49.500 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.49% with a lot more, or a lot less water, 06:49.500 --> 06:51.900 align:start position:17.32% line:10% size:17.83% and hopefully they will harden off before the break. 06:51.900 --> 06:53.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.08% - I was also thinking about planting some of these, 06:53.966 --> 06:58.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.25% like, haskap berries and some of the other fruits 06:58.333 --> 07:00.900 align:start position:14% line:10% size:19.91% that they're testing at the research station in Corvallis, 07:00.900 --> 07:03.600 align:start position:19.58% line:10% size:17.43% just to mix it up a little bit and not have to depend 07:03.600 --> 07:06.100 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.91% so much on that set the previous year. 07:06.100 --> 07:08.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:13.48% - Not a bad plan. 07:08.133 --> 07:10.700 align:start position:28.07% line:10% size:12.71% Let's go back to Cathy, and this is 07:10.700 --> 07:12.800 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.92% a Facebook question that came in. 07:14.366 --> 07:17.566 align:start position:20.86% line:10% size:17.33% This person identified morels from your article 07:17.566 --> 07:20.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.53% in Montana Outdoors, and I saw that article, 07:20.100 --> 07:22.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:13.68% very nicely done. 07:22.000 --> 07:25.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.77% You said in that article not to eat old morels. 07:25.300 --> 07:27.400 align:start position:24.12% line:10% size:14.59% They would like to know how you can tell 07:27.400 --> 07:30.200 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.91% an old morel versus a young morel. 07:30.200 --> 07:31.366 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:15.71% It's all yours, Cathy. 07:32.400 --> 07:36.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:12.96% - Okay well, first of all, thanks for 07:36.700 --> 07:38.200 align:start position:26.29% line:10% size:13.48% and those of you who haven't seen it, 07:38.200 --> 07:42.600 align:start position:18.09% line:10% size:20.21% it's in Montana Outdoors, and talking about the main 07:42.600 --> 07:45.933 align:start position:15% line:10% size:24.93% edible mushrooms in Montana. 07:45.933 --> 07:50.933 align:start position:20.26% line:10% size:18.99% For morels, there's kind of, there's ways you can 07:51.866 --> 07:53.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.89% check this if they're old. 07:53.800 --> 07:56.033 align:start position:25.77% line:10% size:9.82% First of all, if they're just dried up, 07:56.033 --> 07:58.733 align:start position:25.65% line:10% size:14.7% dried on the hood, don't even pick 'em. 07:58.733 --> 08:00.833 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.83% Let them just stay and spread their spores, 08:00.833 --> 08:03.266 align:start position:28.77% line:10% size:10.58% so if it's dried up, they're hard, 08:03.266 --> 08:07.366 align:start position:14.09% line:10% size:19.45% even if only part of them has dried up, just leave 'em. 08:07.366 --> 08:10.166 align:start position:25.76% line:10% size:11.75% Now, the other possibility is that 08:10.166 --> 08:14.933 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.7% they might be turning rotten, but you'd see dark areas. 08:14.933 --> 08:18.033 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.72% It looks like a fresh mushroom, but there'd be a dark area, 08:18.033 --> 08:22.800 align:start position:23.07% line:10% size:12.36% kind of soft and squishy, watch for that. 08:22.800 --> 08:27.800 align:start position:14.44% line:10% size:20.94% Also I do the sniff test and every morel smells pretty good 08:30.633 --> 08:35.633 align:start position:14.7% line:10% size:19.26% until it gets old and then you'll get an unpleasant odor. 08:36.133 --> 08:39.533 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.44% So right before it turns, it'll get that off odor. 08:39.533 --> 08:43.566 align:start position:25% line:10% size:13.75% So I actually sniff one the morels. 08:43.566 --> 08:44.400 align:start position:40% line:10% size:5.74% - Okay. 08:44.400 --> 08:47.300 align:start position:22.66% line:10% size:13.78% - So make sure it doesn't have that awful. 08:47.300 --> 08:48.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.9% - Let me ask you a question. 08:48.700 --> 08:50.900 align:start position:20.68% line:10% size:17.53% When I picked morels and I haven't found any 08:50.900 --> 08:51.866 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.21% last couple of years. 08:51.866 --> 08:53.500 align:start position:27.88% line:10% size:13.93% They've not been great morel years, 08:53.500 --> 08:56.533 align:start position:21.3% line:10% size:16.05% but there's always a few bugs on the inside. 08:56.533 --> 09:00.333 align:start position:17.13% line:10% size:17.73% Is that an indication of older morels, or do you just 09:00.333 --> 09:04.533 align:start position:11.62% line:10% size:23.21% go ahead and use the added protein when you fry the morels? 09:05.633 --> 09:09.466 align:start position:18.01% line:10% size:20.27% - Yeah, I think I can show you a morel here for those 09:09.466 --> 09:12.533 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.25% that haven't seen one just to, 09:12.533 --> 09:14.066 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.42% here's what we're talking about. 09:14.066 --> 09:17.100 align:start position:27.53% line:10% size:10.64% This is a nice fresh, yellow morel. 09:17.100 --> 09:19.333 align:start position:28.56% line:10% size:11.45% I think that will focus pretty well. 09:19.333 --> 09:21.133 align:start position:10% line:10% size:26.45% So you can see pitch and ridges. 09:21.133 --> 09:24.866 align:start position:23.33% line:10% size:15.2% The thing of it is, is they're hollow inside, 09:24.866 --> 09:28.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.19% and so, as Jack mentioned, they'll get critters inside. 09:28.633 --> 09:32.666 align:start position:22.65% line:10% size:17.02% So what I do is either slice them lengthwise 09:32.666 --> 09:35.300 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.98% and make sure there's no critters in there. 09:35.300 --> 09:36.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.56% It doesn't bother me. 09:36.733 --> 09:38.833 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.43% I mean, you can have a snail in there, 09:38.833 --> 09:41.066 align:start position:24.83% line:10% size:14.29% a little escargot to go with your mushroom 09:42.666 --> 09:46.600 align:start position:22.95% line:10% size:16.72% but also, centipedes, might want to pick out 09:46.600 --> 09:49.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.14% and some of the other, but I don't think it 09:49.466 --> 09:52.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.82% necessarily indicates an old morel. 09:52.166 --> 09:54.600 align:start position:10% line:10% size:23.91% The critters have just found it, 09:54.600 --> 09:56.266 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.42% so I don't worry about that. 09:56.266 --> 09:57.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.75% - Okay, I never have either. 09:57.600 --> 10:00.400 align:start position:19.43% line:10% size:17.17% If I'm lucky enough to find a morel I'm gonna eat 10:00.400 --> 10:02.233 align:start position:10% line:10% size:26.29% as many bugs as they're in there 10:02.233 --> 10:03.966 align:start position:24.54% line:10% size:12.81% because they're pretty tasty, and then 10:03.966 --> 10:05.900 align:start position:25.69% line:10% size:13.93% you'll never know the bugs are there. 10:05.900 --> 10:10.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.81% Tim, last week from Laurel, I love this question. 10:10.533 --> 10:13.333 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.82% This person wants to kill weeds in an alley 10:13.333 --> 10:17.833 align:start position:12.87% line:10% size:19.86% but does not want to use Roundup because of its toxicity. 10:17.833 --> 10:20.233 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.53% What should they use to kill the weeds? 10:20.233 --> 10:21.066 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:8.71% Good luck. 10:22.166 --> 10:24.433 align:start position:19.83% line:10% size:16.02% - Well, there's some other herbicides out there 10:24.433 --> 10:29.166 align:start position:20.54% line:10% size:18.04% that you can use to kill weeds in your alleyway. 10:29.166 --> 10:31.900 align:start position:25.94% line:10% size:14.53% There's some that have longer residual 10:31.900 --> 10:33.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.96% you can buy at the store. 10:33.733 --> 10:36.666 align:start position:19.36% line:10% size:17.27% They're likely as toxic as glyphosate would be in 10:36.666 --> 10:41.233 align:start position:19.58% line:10% size:15.3% in this context or at least toxicity to humans. 10:41.233 --> 10:45.333 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.04% You could also consider just, you know, rippin' it up with 10:45.333 --> 10:48.533 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.52% and dig them, digging them up or ripping them with a harrow 10:48.533 --> 10:50.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.39% or something to knock them down or keep 'em mowed. 10:50.933 --> 10:52.866 align:start position:20.01% line:10% size:14.39% That would be my suggestions if you didn't 10:52.866 --> 10:54.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.73% want to use herbicide. 10:54.733 --> 10:58.666 align:start position:13.21% line:10% size:22.8% As it gets warmer and hotter too, even spraying glyphosate 10:58.666 --> 11:02.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.89% on weeds in the alley is not gonna, not gonna kill them. 11:02.600 --> 11:05.066 align:start position:16.69% line:10% size:18.75% Especially in the Laurel area, there'll be some hard, 11:05.066 --> 11:07.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.98% tough kochia and Russian thistle that'll probably 11:07.533 --> 11:10.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.38% pop up in those alleyways. 11:10.066 --> 11:11.933 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.56% - While we're on that subject, you know, 11:11.933 --> 11:15.133 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.49% there's been some bad press about Roundup. 11:15.133 --> 11:18.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:24.05% You know, people can choose to use or not use it, 11:18.566 --> 11:22.600 align:start position:17.08% line:10% size:17.29% but in reality, for most people Roundup has been found 11:22.600 --> 11:24.366 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.21% to be relatively safe. 11:24.366 --> 11:25.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.06% Would you agree with that? 11:27.266 --> 11:28.866 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.69% - In general, yeah. 11:28.866 --> 11:30.966 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.9% I think, you know, there's big debates out there. 11:30.966 --> 11:32.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.89% There's lots of lawsuits. 11:32.433 --> 11:35.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.94% There are a lot of different herbicide molecules 11:35.800 --> 11:38.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.73% and active ingredients on the market. 11:39.433 --> 11:43.233 align:start position:16.99% line:10% size:18.1% The acute toxicity, the, the very emergency toxicity 11:43.233 --> 11:47.066 align:start position:16.03% line:10% size:17.9% of glyphosate is really, really low in that context. 11:47.066 --> 11:48.333 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:7.3% - I agree. 11:48.333 --> 11:49.533 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.78% Mary, from Missoula. 11:49.533 --> 11:53.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.29% Again, last week hollyhocks have holes in the leaves. 11:53.466 --> 11:55.000 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.7% This due to insects, or do you think 11:55.000 --> 11:56.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.07% it might be hollyhock rust? 11:56.700 --> 11:59.666 align:start position:13.53% line:10% size:17.17% - If it was a rust you'd actually see the spores of rust 11:59.666 --> 12:03.300 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.8% and my hollyhocks are still a little low and it's been dry. 12:03.300 --> 12:05.333 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.79% So unless they've been pretty wet I don't, 12:05.333 --> 12:08.766 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:21.89% but I do get holly rust every year, but it's like clockwork 12:08.766 --> 12:10.433 align:start position:27.61% line:10% size:9.77% and often I'll bring it on Ag Live. 12:10.433 --> 12:12.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.66% - Okay, thank you. 12:12.533 --> 12:16.233 align:start position:13.51% line:10% size:22.39% From Bozeman, this person has June bearing strawberries 12:16.233 --> 12:19.766 align:start position:18.41% line:10% size:18.65% that have not produced blossoms for three years. 12:19.766 --> 12:22.833 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:15.81% She is not fertilizing early in the season 12:22.833 --> 12:24.433 align:start position:27.69% line:10% size:14.59% and the plants are green and healthy. 12:24.433 --> 12:28.100 align:start position:20.53% line:10% size:18.64% Any idea why there are no blossoms and I don't. 12:28.100 --> 12:30.200 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.94% So you guys have any thoughts on that? 12:31.600 --> 12:32.600 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.24% - I don't know, Abi? 12:34.200 --> 12:37.833 align:start position:21% line:10% size:13.78% - It could, it could depend on the age of the, 12:37.833 --> 12:42.766 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.09% of the strawberries too, and so if they're an old patch 12:42.766 --> 12:47.433 align:start position:18.87% line:10% size:17.02% of strawberries, older than five to seven years, 12:47.433 --> 12:52.100 align:start position:14.74% line:10% size:19.7% then they probably won't produce flowers as frequently, 12:52.100 --> 12:56.733 align:start position:15.61% line:10% size:20.68% and then another chance, another issue could be that 12:56.733 --> 13:01.000 align:start position:19.35% line:10% size:15.65% you've had the new growth kind of freeze in, 13:01.000 --> 13:04.333 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.79% in the past couple of years. 13:04.333 --> 13:09.366 align:start position:17.09% line:10% size:17.62% So it's, it's hard to say but it would be a good idea 13:11.866 --> 13:14.633 align:start position:15.05% line:10% size:18.75% to maybe get a soil test to see if, if the nutrients 13:14.633 --> 13:19.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.54% in the soil are available for the strawberries, 13:19.700 --> 13:22.066 align:start position:18.16% line:10% size:16.32% but other than that, I don't have very many ideas. 13:22.066 --> 13:23.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:11.05% Anyone else? 13:23.233 --> 13:25.366 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.39% - Well, maybe they could plant a few new plants in there 13:25.366 --> 13:27.000 align:start position:25% line:10% size:13.93% and just see if it's age of the patch. 13:27.000 --> 13:29.000 align:start position:25.31% line:10% size:14.79% - I think that would be a good solution. 13:31.433 --> 13:33.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.7% From Three Forks, Cathy. 13:33.500 --> 13:35.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.79% This person wants to know exactly 13:35.700 --> 13:37.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.6% where you found that morel. 13:37.700 --> 13:40.066 align:start position:21.99% line:10% size:14.66% Would you care to share that information? 13:40.066 --> 13:42.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:8.81% (chuckling) 13:42.266 --> 13:43.100 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:3.95% - No. 13:44.033 --> 13:46.733 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.26% I, I did find, this came up. 13:46.733 --> 13:50.700 align:start position:20.41% line:10% size:16.31% This has been in my refrigerator for about, 13:50.700 --> 13:55.700 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.52% I can say about a week when I found it and it's holding up 13:57.033 --> 13:59.766 align:start position:24.07% line:10% size:14.7% in there and then I went back and I found 13:59.766 --> 14:02.866 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.32% a couple more and that was it. 14:02.866 --> 14:06.000 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.75% So that's three yellow morels. 14:06.000 --> 14:08.533 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:26.72% We have not had a good season. 14:08.533 --> 14:11.333 align:start position:16.77% line:10% size:18.24% Just like the gardening you guys are talking about, 14:11.333 --> 14:16.333 align:start position:14.89% line:10% size:16.26% it's been too cold for mushrooms, too cold for morels, 14:17.000 --> 14:20.966 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.48% and we also have, besides the yellow morels, 14:20.966 --> 14:23.000 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.07% we have the black morels. 14:23.000 --> 14:27.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.91% They come up in the conifers, like I think Tim found 14:27.233 --> 14:29.633 align:start position:23.41% line:10% size:13.98% some of these up high in the conifers. 14:29.633 --> 14:32.800 align:start position:19.25% line:10% size:18.08% They don't necessarily have to come up on burns. 14:32.800 --> 14:34.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:21.28% They would come up next. 14:34.633 --> 14:36.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.67% The yellow morel season, I thought would maybe, 14:36.900 --> 14:38.633 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:23.25% we'd have one more chance. 14:38.633 --> 14:40.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.06% That would be this week. 14:40.100 --> 14:43.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.9% It's not going to happen because it's too dry. 14:43.300 --> 14:46.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.36% The black morels, maybe at the higher elevations 14:46.233 --> 14:49.300 align:start position:14.05% line:10% size:19.5% will come out, but I don't have a lot of hope for those. 14:49.300 --> 14:52.766 align:start position:15.1% line:10% size:21.89% Apparently in Missoula, the gray morels are coming out 14:52.766 --> 14:57.766 align:start position:13.51% line:10% size:20.88% but not the black, so not a good season at all for these, 14:58.633 --> 15:01.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19% and no, I'm not going to tell where I found this. 15:01.000 --> 15:02.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:8.81% (chuckling) 15:02.433 --> 15:04.600 align:start position:17.57% line:10% size:19.12% - That is one of the best kept secrets in the state 15:04.600 --> 15:06.900 align:start position:22.75% line:10% size:16.42% of Montana is where you find your morels. 15:06.900 --> 15:08.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.62% There's no doubt about it. 15:09.733 --> 15:12.866 align:start position:17.94% line:10% size:21.11% Tim, this question came in last week from Gold Creek, 15:12.866 --> 15:15.233 align:start position:27.23% line:10% size:12.67% and for those of you who do not know 15:15.233 --> 15:18.733 align:start position:21.14% line:10% size:17.02% where Gold Creek is, it's near Drummond, so. 15:18.733 --> 15:20.800 align:start position:25.15% line:10% size:15.4% They have a lots of weeds and grasses 15:20.800 --> 15:22.466 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.35% in their three-acre pond. 15:22.466 --> 15:26.300 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.71% They would like to know what they could do to minimize 15:26.300 --> 15:30.200 align:start position:12.38% line:10% size:21.89% or control those weeds and grasses without using chemicals. 15:30.200 --> 15:31.633 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.43% Any suggestion, Tim? 15:32.933 --> 15:36.866 align:start position:16.27% line:10% size:18.84% - Hmm, I think keep the water cool, keep it flowing. 15:36.866 --> 15:38.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.89% Hopefully it comes in and out well. 15:38.333 --> 15:42.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:24.12% They do make pond rakes out there so you can reach in 15:42.533 --> 15:44.666 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.52% and sort of dig some of that stuff out, 15:44.666 --> 15:48.933 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.85% but I do not know much about aquatic plants. 15:48.933 --> 15:53.866 align:start position:15.63% line:10% size:19.05% - Nor do I, and I will say it's probably pretty tough. 15:53.866 --> 15:58.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.48% There are some things like Cutrine which you can use 15:58.166 --> 16:03.100 align:start position:13.31% line:10% size:22.29% on aquatic plants, but most, almost all things are chemical 16:03.333 --> 16:05.800 align:start position:25.31% line:10% size:12.81% and if they don't want to use chemicals, 16:05.800 --> 16:08.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.49% they're probably gonna have to live with them. 16:08.433 --> 16:11.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.28% Interesting question email. 16:11.133 --> 16:16.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.71% They would like to know what you should use to bait traps 16:16.766 --> 16:20.533 align:start position:14.2% line:10% size:19.55% to catch yellow jackets if you don't have an attractant. 16:20.533 --> 16:23.233 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.23% Abi, you wanna know or answer that? 16:23.233 --> 16:25.500 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.94% What would you put in a yellow jacket trap? 16:26.733 --> 16:30.933 align:start position:28.51% line:10% size:11.85% - Sure, so they have these lures. 16:30.933 --> 16:33.300 align:start position:10% line:10% size:22.44% I believe it's heptyl butyrate. 16:33.300 --> 16:38.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.48% They have these lures that you can buy with the traps 16:38.100 --> 16:39.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.35% at any kind of box store. 16:39.700 --> 16:44.300 align:start position:10% line:10% size:23.51% That will be a great attractant to those yellow jackets. 16:44.300 --> 16:49.133 align:start position:16.19% line:10% size:19.2% If they don't want to use one of those specific lures, 16:49.133 --> 16:52.300 align:start position:20.87% line:10% size:17.78% you're not really going to have an effective way 16:52.300 --> 16:54.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.64% to catch yellow jackets. 16:54.633 --> 16:57.266 align:start position:19.76% line:10% size:14.77% You'll probably get anything that's attracted 16:57.266 --> 17:02.233 align:start position:15.54% line:10% size:20.27% to something sweet, but I would recommend getting those, 17:02.933 --> 17:07.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.66% getting those wasp lures that you can purchase 17:07.000 --> 17:09.333 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.11% with those yellow jacket traps. 17:09.333 --> 17:10.866 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.91% - They work very, very well. 17:10.866 --> 17:14.400 align:start position:22.94% line:10% size:14.08% I will attest to that although ironically, 17:14.400 --> 17:15.800 align:start position:25.79% line:10% size:13.22% and I don't know the answer to this, 17:15.800 --> 17:18.100 align:start position:20.38% line:10% size:19.2% but we haven't seen the number of yellow jackets 17:18.100 --> 17:21.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.34% the past two years that we have previously. 17:21.500 --> 17:24.066 align:start position:19.1% line:10% size:16.97% I don't know why that is, maybe a harsh winter, 17:24.066 --> 17:26.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.15% something but definitely they don't seem to be 17:26.666 --> 17:29.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.18% as big a pest as they were a couple of years ago. 17:29.666 --> 17:32.900 align:start position:15.73% line:10% size:21.85% Mary, this also came in last week and they want to know, 17:32.900 --> 17:35.766 align:start position:25.26% line:10% size:15.2% is MSU working on perennial crops like 17:35.766 --> 17:39.733 align:start position:16.62% line:10% size:19.86% the Land Institute is, and that came in from Facebook. 17:39.733 --> 17:42.666 align:start position:18.19% line:10% size:17.63% - Right, so there are a number of research programs 17:42.666 --> 17:45.800 align:start position:12.02% line:10% size:20.68% going on in the College of Agriculture on perennial crops. 17:45.800 --> 17:48.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.06% We have a perennial wheat that is used as a forage. 17:48.866 --> 17:52.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.67% Then the research station at Corvallis works on 17:52.100 --> 17:55.300 align:start position:22.7% line:10% size:12.53% a lot of different fruit crops and apples. 17:55.300 --> 17:56.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.64% There's a heritage apple program. 17:56.866 --> 17:58.600 align:start position:27.67% line:10% size:13.11% There's all kinds of stuff going on. 17:58.600 --> 18:00.266 align:start position:18.67% line:10% size:18.14% They could learn more about that on our website 18:00.266 --> 18:02.400 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.19% or just call us and tell us specifically 18:02.400 --> 18:03.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.72% what they're interested in. 18:03.466 --> 18:04.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.66% - Okay, thank you. 18:06.733 --> 18:10.833 align:start position:13.82% line:10% size:22.29% Question from Clinton Rock Creek area, and I have no clue 18:10.833 --> 18:13.933 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.73% where that is and I've been in this state for 40 years. 18:13.933 --> 18:16.333 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.83% So if somebody would care to let me know, 18:16.333 --> 18:20.066 align:start position:16.14% line:10% size:19.8% I'll learn something there myself, but they say morels 18:20.066 --> 18:22.533 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.55% have disappeared over the last few years, 18:22.533 --> 18:26.300 align:start position:15.43% line:10% size:19.26% and Cathy, they'd like to know how the morel population 18:26.300 --> 18:29.700 align:start position:20.45% line:10% size:17.64% can be repopulated to its previous glory days, 18:29.700 --> 18:32.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:21.58% and can mushroom spores for that be introduced? 18:35.100 --> 18:40.133 align:start position:19.61% line:10% size:14.76% - Well, I would say probably not effectively. 18:41.800 --> 18:45.633 align:start position:20.03% line:10% size:19.19% Yes, last year was not a great yellow morel year. 18:45.633 --> 18:48.433 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.24% This year, even worse. 18:49.466 --> 18:51.600 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:21.99% It is, seems to be declining. 18:51.600 --> 18:56.133 align:start position:13.36% line:10% size:22.09% I mean the solution, rain, or if you happen to be in a place 18:56.133 --> 19:01.000 align:start position:15.55% line:10% size:19.8% where you've had a river runoff and then that runoff 19:01.000 --> 19:03.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.59% is receding and the ground is wet, that's another 19:03.666 --> 19:06.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.96% possible place you might be able to find them. 19:06.000 --> 19:09.400 align:start position:27.6% line:10% size:14.08% As far as seeding them with spores, 19:09.400 --> 19:14.433 align:start position:20.94% line:10% size:14.54% I've not heard that that's effective at all. 19:15.200 --> 19:19.100 align:start position:19.7% line:10% size:17.93% Now I can tell you that there's some new research, 19:20.066 --> 19:23.066 align:start position:23.72% line:10% size:16.11% this is coming out of China and then France 19:23.066 --> 19:27.533 align:start position:20.63% line:10% size:17.78% where they've learned how to cultivate morels, 19:27.533 --> 19:31.766 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.87% and this was a researcher working on it for 27 years, 19:31.766 --> 19:35.500 align:start position:23.14% line:10% size:15.85% and apparently he's figured out the secret 19:35.500 --> 19:40.400 align:start position:17.99% line:10% size:20.41% and they're growing them in greenhouses, in domes, 19:40.400 --> 19:42.700 align:start position:14.76% line:10% size:17.88% and it doesn't look like there are any trees in there. 19:42.700 --> 19:46.966 align:start position:22.85% line:10% size:15.7% It looks more like a, a mossy kind of soil, 19:46.966 --> 19:51.233 align:start position:13.04% line:10% size:22.34% and they're growing them in quite large quantities though. 19:51.233 --> 19:55.033 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.23% Commercially, that would really interesting to see 19:55.033 --> 19:57.266 align:start position:24.22% line:10% size:15.2% if we could get that going here in Montana, 19:57.266 --> 20:01.466 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.11% but I don't know anything about the, the process 20:01.466 --> 20:03.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.5% and I'm sure the patents are pretty expensive. 20:05.000 --> 20:08.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.8% To get them going ourselves with morel spores, 20:08.600 --> 20:12.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:16.36% you're going to have to find the right soil, 20:12.566 --> 20:14.800 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.4% the right conditions, and put them in at the right time, 20:14.800 --> 20:19.833 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.94% and then wait a long time before the mycelium can establish. 20:20.500 --> 20:22.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.91% Probably not gonna happen. 20:22.900 --> 20:24.466 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:10.43% Pray for rain. - Okay, 20:24.466 --> 20:28.766 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.93% and we have another question, and this person from Missoula 20:28.766 --> 20:31.066 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.64% would like to know how to store mushrooms. 20:31.066 --> 20:34.566 align:start position:11.63% line:10% size:21.26% They buy 'em, put 'em in a plastic bag, and two days later 20:34.566 --> 20:36.600 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.72% they don't look very good. 20:36.600 --> 20:37.966 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:19.05% Any suggestions there? 20:39.333 --> 20:42.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.2% - Never put wild mushrooms, cultivated mushrooms, 20:42.966 --> 20:47.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.16% any mushrooms from the store in a plastic bag. 20:47.066 --> 20:52.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:24.62% Plastic bag makes them sweat and it'll grow bacteria 20:52.133 --> 20:56.700 align:start position:18.88% line:10% size:17.88% and it'll deteriorate the mushrooms really rapidly. 20:56.700 --> 20:59.066 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.43% So that is not the way to store mushrooms, 20:59.066 --> 21:00.700 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.77% and if you're picking them wild, 21:00.700 --> 21:03.566 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.33% never put them in a plastic bag. 21:03.566 --> 21:06.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.71% You can use a paper bag. 21:06.066 --> 21:08.700 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.22% Even if you buy them from the store and they're in plastic, 21:08.700 --> 21:12.600 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:19.1% bring 'em home and put them in a paper bag. 21:12.600 --> 21:16.200 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.05% You can put them in Tupperware plastic. 21:16.200 --> 21:20.033 align:start position:15.61% line:10% size:21.28% I kept that morel for over a week in Tupperware plastic. 21:20.033 --> 21:23.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.56% Every day I open the lid, I wipe out the moisture, 21:24.300 --> 21:29.333 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:15.71% close it up, and you really can't store it 21:29.933 --> 21:32.300 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.02% in those plastic bags, and they did a study 21:32.300 --> 21:37.300 align:start position:14.02% line:10% size:22.5% and found a lot of the edible mushrooms making people sick 21:38.133 --> 21:41.133 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.33% because were storing them in plastic bags. 21:41.133 --> 21:45.433 align:start position:26.19% line:10% size:13.93% So just don't do it for wild mushrooms, 21:45.433 --> 21:47.500 align:start position:28.42% line:10% size:10.48% don't do it for cultivated mushroom. 21:47.500 --> 21:49.833 align:start position:25% line:10% size:18.24% Some of them come in those clam shells. 21:49.833 --> 21:54.900 align:start position:13.24% line:10% size:20.26% That plastic works for the mushrooms, but not plastic bags. 21:54.900 --> 21:55.933 align:start position:40% line:10% size:5.74% - Okay. 21:55.933 --> 21:57.633 align:start position:23.31% line:10% size:16.15% Yeah, that brings up a question I've always 21:57.633 --> 21:59.166 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.01% been curious about. 21:59.166 --> 22:02.033 align:start position:24.1% line:10% size:16.96% You can buy Shiitake mushrooms now in cans. 22:02.033 --> 22:04.066 align:start position:27.63% line:10% size:15.54% You can buy button mushrooms in cans 22:04.066 --> 22:05.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.79% or pieces of stems and mushrooms. 22:05.933 --> 22:10.933 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:27.46% How come those mushrooms stay so solid in artificial media 22:13.033 --> 22:16.900 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.63% like that whereas they rot or deteriorate 22:16.900 --> 22:19.533 align:start position:10% line:10% size:23.61% so rapidly in other situations? 22:19.533 --> 22:22.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:16.72% How do canners and packers do that? 22:23.200 --> 22:24.600 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.4% - Well, that's just preserved. 22:24.600 --> 22:28.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.08% I don't know the actual process, but I mean, 22:28.200 --> 22:32.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.09% preserving the mushrooms, if they're cooking them 22:32.166 --> 22:35.766 align:start position:20.65% line:10% size:11.14% a little bit first, they'll, once you cook them, 22:35.766 --> 22:40.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.7% enzyme processes stop and then they can be preserved 22:40.900 --> 22:42.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:15.81% for a little bit longer. 22:43.533 --> 22:47.366 align:start position:17.65% line:10% size:18.75% If you have chantrelles, if they come out this fall 22:47.366 --> 22:51.333 align:start position:16.11% line:10% size:20.71% where there's chantrelles, it's a very chewy mushroom. 22:51.333 --> 22:53.300 align:start position:10% line:10% size:26.53% You can't dry them to keep them. 22:53.300 --> 22:56.433 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.82% If you can cook them a little bit in water, 22:56.433 --> 23:01.200 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.09% stop the enzymatic process and then freeze them 23:01.200 --> 23:05.333 align:start position:22% line:10% size:14.74% and then they'll be fine in storage that way 23:05.333 --> 23:07.700 align:start position:20.18% line:10% size:17.94% and then you can, you know unthaw them and then, 23:07.700 --> 23:11.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.71% make sure you're cooking them in butter, but, 23:12.300 --> 23:13.333 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.42% yeah, not in the fridge in bags. 23:13.333 --> 23:15.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:16.52% - All right, thank you. 23:15.233 --> 23:17.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:13.42% Let's switch over to Tim and Abi. 23:17.933 --> 23:21.600 align:start position:25.21% line:10% size:16.21% From Helena, this is a perennial problem. 23:21.600 --> 23:24.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.7% How do you, or do you have a solution for getting 23:24.233 --> 23:27.033 align:start position:27.9% line:10% size:14.39% quackgrass out of a raspberry patch? 23:27.033 --> 23:28.100 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.84% You guys have at it. 23:28.100 --> 23:30.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.03% That's a perennial problem. 23:35.033 --> 23:36.866 align:start position:23.81% line:10% size:11.25% - Well, I'll take the first stab at it. 23:36.866 --> 23:41.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:15.4% So quackgrass is a real pain and so. 23:42.166 --> 23:45.833 align:start position:10% line:10% size:28.88% So quackgrass has an underground rhizominous root system 23:45.833 --> 23:47.766 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.98% and spreads via the roots. 23:47.766 --> 23:52.766 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23% So what I do in my garden is I keep a tilled buffer edge 23:53.033 --> 23:57.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.69% out away from the raspberry patch three, four feet, 23:57.566 --> 24:01.566 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.71% maybe two tiller passes wide, so that whenever it shows up 24:01.566 --> 24:04.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.18% in that middle area, it's sort of the buffer area 24:04.666 --> 24:08.200 align:start position:15.76% line:10% size:21.38% where I can take care of it, and then towards the middle 24:08.200 --> 24:11.200 align:start position:20.91% line:10% size:16.72% of the patch usually I can keep it out of there 24:11.200 --> 24:13.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.11% once I've gotten it all out. 24:13.800 --> 24:17.300 align:start position:11.27% line:10% size:21.16% So that's, that's kind of my strategy when I think about it. 24:17.300 --> 24:19.766 align:start position:20.69% line:10% size:13.78% There are grassy herbicides that you could 24:19.766 --> 24:24.266 align:start position:19.58% line:10% size:16.62% potentially apply that would kill the quackgrass. 24:24.266 --> 24:27.133 align:start position:20.41% line:10% size:17.19% In those buffer areas, you could also use Roundup 24:27.133 --> 24:29.733 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.51% or glyphosate to go around the edges. 24:29.733 --> 24:33.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.79% If the plants are completely dormant, the raspberries, 24:33.100 --> 24:37.866 align:start position:21.52% line:10% size:17.73% and the quackgrass is growing, you may be able 24:37.866 --> 24:40.233 align:start position:18.51% line:10% size:19.76% to apply glyphosate over the top but you would have 24:40.233 --> 24:44.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.3% to be very, very careful to not further damage 24:44.466 --> 24:47.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.73% our raspberry patches around the state. 24:47.266 --> 24:49.633 align:start position:16.27% line:10% size:19.25% So those are kind of the couple of strategies I have. 24:49.633 --> 24:52.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.99% I don't know if Abi could add anything to that. 24:53.266 --> 24:54.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:12.46% - So I really like the buffer idea, 24:54.833 --> 24:58.700 align:start position:14.78% line:10% size:20.06% and I would also add if, if you keep a nice layer of mulch 24:58.700 --> 25:01.366 align:start position:17.21% line:10% size:15.1% at the base of your raspberries, that would reduce 25:01.366 --> 25:05.633 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.21% the likelihood of that quackgrass kind of 25:05.633 --> 25:07.500 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.34% popping through there. 25:07.500 --> 25:10.433 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.9% So combination of those two things could really help you 25:10.433 --> 25:13.966 align:start position:10% line:10% size:27.46% reduce your quackgrass problems in your raspberry bushes. 25:15.333 --> 25:16.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.24% - All right, thanks folks. 25:16.333 --> 25:20.900 align:start position:20.78% line:10% size:17.39% Mary, from Malta, this person has noticed that 25:20.900 --> 25:24.833 align:start position:22.7% line:10% size:15.61% his field peas along the edge of the field 25:24.833 --> 25:29.833 align:start position:18.99% line:10% size:19.15% are shorter and partially stunted when it's compared 25:30.233 --> 25:32.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:13.07% to the innermost part of the field. 25:32.700 --> 25:35.166 align:start position:27.08% line:10% size:11.76% Any thought of what that might be? 25:35.166 --> 25:37.700 align:start position:24.45% line:10% size:13.72% - If it's very even, I would say some sort 25:37.700 --> 25:39.500 align:start position:27.63% line:10% size:10.74% of application might be harming it. 25:39.500 --> 25:44.333 align:start position:12.75% line:10% size:19.6% If it, and if it's all around, it's probably not anything 25:44.333 --> 25:45.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.56% that came with the wind. 25:45.166 --> 25:47.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.18% It was probably something that happened in the field 25:47.233 --> 25:51.333 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.29% but they could sure send us a sample or some pictures 25:51.333 --> 25:53.833 align:start position:19.27% line:10% size:17.84% and get, get started or contact your county agent. 25:53.833 --> 25:56.966 align:start position:16.29% line:10% size:19.62% - Would the pea leaf, if it around the edge of the field 25:56.966 --> 25:58.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.5% cause that type of damage? 25:58.733 --> 26:00.766 align:start position:22.88% line:10% size:15.8% - It comes in so late and you'd only see it 26:00.766 --> 26:03.833 align:start position:20.15% line:10% size:17.63% on the prevailing wind side, it would come in. 26:05.366 --> 26:06.766 align:start position:21.38% line:10% size:16.29% Yeah, I can't think of anything that would just 26:06.766 --> 26:09.100 align:start position:15.51% line:10% size:20.47% border a field like that but maybe a better description 26:09.100 --> 26:11.000 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.36% can help us figure it out. 26:11.000 --> 26:12.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:16.52% - All right, thank you. 26:12.333 --> 26:17.333 align:start position:22.65% line:10% size:17.53% A Facebook question, and this is a good one 26:17.733 --> 26:19.866 align:start position:25.16% line:10% size:14.64% because I've seen dogs eating mushrooms. 26:19.866 --> 26:24.866 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.92% Do people need to be worried about poisonous mushrooms 26:25.366 --> 26:28.266 align:start position:27.76% line:10% size:9.93% in the yard if their dog eats 'em? 26:30.733 --> 26:31.566 align:start position:30% line:10% size:12.17% - That's for me. 26:33.233 --> 26:34.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:9.56% Yes and no. 26:34.833 --> 26:38.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.99% I would say not too obsess. 26:38.400 --> 26:42.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.53% That's the no part because it's not all that common 26:42.933 --> 26:46.800 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.21% but also yes, it does happen. 26:46.800 --> 26:48.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:24.72% Dogs can get into mushrooms. 26:48.566 --> 26:50.466 align:start position:27.02% line:10% size:13.98% They can get into the wrong mushrooms 26:50.466 --> 26:54.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.95% and especially puppies, which will eat anything. 26:56.833 --> 27:00.233 align:start position:25.25% line:10% size:15.61% So if you see a dog eating a mushroom, 27:00.233 --> 27:05.233 align:start position:16.26% line:10% size:20.37% the best thing you can do is try to save that mushroom 27:05.900 --> 27:08.066 align:start position:10% line:10% size:21.89% if possible for identification. 27:09.633 --> 27:13.800 align:start position:15.96% line:10% size:20.47% If you can take a photo of the top and the underneath, 27:13.800 --> 27:16.466 align:start position:14.05% line:10% size:21.12% that could help if you don't want to collect the mushroom. 27:16.466 --> 27:19.033 align:start position:10% line:10% size:23.86% It's not gonna hurt touching it, 27:20.000 --> 27:22.700 align:start position:21.2% line:10% size:15.71% but it really helps to know what the mushroom is. 27:22.700 --> 27:27.200 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.05% Most of the mushrooms are not toxic in the yard 27:27.200 --> 27:29.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.73% or the forest, although they don't taste good. 27:29.433 --> 27:32.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.94% That's why we don't eat them, and a lot of them 27:32.633 --> 27:35.466 align:start position:21.05% line:10% size:13.68% are just digestive upset, but there are some 27:35.466 --> 27:40.433 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:19.46% that can make dogs and puppies really sick. 27:40.433 --> 27:44.866 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.74% If we can identify the mushroom and tell the veterinarian 27:44.866 --> 27:49.866 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.42% which kind of toxin is involved, and there are maybe six, 27:50.533 --> 27:55.300 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.91% seven different major categories of toxins and it really 27:55.300 --> 27:59.766 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.29% helps the vet to know which one they're dealing with 27:59.766 --> 28:04.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.69% because the tendency is to use atropine or everything, 28:04.800 --> 28:08.166 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.83% and atropine is contraindicated for some of these. 28:08.166 --> 28:10.500 align:start position:15.42% line:10% size:20.25% You don't want to give up certain kinds of poisoning. 28:10.500 --> 28:14.833 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.14% So if you see your dog is eating a mushroom, 28:14.833 --> 28:16.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.58% save the mushroom for us. 28:16.366 --> 28:19.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:21.58% The Denver Poison Center usual gets a hold of me 28:19.433 --> 28:22.933 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.97% or the Schutter Diagnostic Lab, I'll identify it 28:22.933 --> 28:25.566 align:start position:25.69% line:10% size:14.03% to see if it's worth worrying about, so, 28:27.200 --> 28:28.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.46% but yeah, it can happen. 28:28.800 --> 28:30.833 align:start position:10% line:10% size:28.98% They do eat poisonous mushrooms. 28:30.833 --> 28:31.900 align:start position:35% line:10% size:10.1% - Thank you. 28:31.900 --> 28:34.700 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.1% Tim, I'm going to go to you with 28:34.700 --> 28:36.566 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.84% a really good question here in a moment. 28:36.566 --> 28:39.400 align:start position:22.53% line:10% size:15.81% Before we do that, I want to make a comment. 28:39.400 --> 28:43.533 align:start position:11.34% line:10% size:22.46% We had a caller call us from Kalispell concerning a question 28:43.533 --> 28:47.700 align:start position:17.49% line:10% size:18.14% we had last week from Lavina about a naked rodent 28:47.700 --> 28:49.933 align:start position:18.36% line:10% size:18.85% that was popping out of the ground, and they said 28:49.933 --> 28:52.900 align:start position:19.3% line:10% size:17.23% that this is probably a shrew, and we didn't think 28:52.900 --> 28:55.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.53% about that, and I think they're probably right, 28:55.266 --> 28:59.866 align:start position:18.31% line:10% size:21.68% and shrews are small, very predacious type of mammals 28:59.866 --> 29:02.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.59% that probably feed on other rodents. 29:02.266 --> 29:03.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.54% So that's probably what that was. 29:03.933 --> 29:07.500 align:start position:18.69% line:10% size:17.98% I thought I'd throw that out, and now to you, Tim. 29:07.500 --> 29:12.533 align:start position:18.26% line:10% size:20.46% From Great Falls, why do weeds develop resistance? 29:13.600 --> 29:15.500 align:start position:10% line:10% size:23.96% - Ooh, that's a great question. 29:15.500 --> 29:18.933 align:start position:28.41% line:10% size:13.38% So weeds devel, develop resistance 29:18.933 --> 29:21.666 align:start position:26.82% line:10% size:12.57% through applied selection pressures. 29:21.666 --> 29:24.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.51% So it's evolution in action. 29:24.966 --> 29:28.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.77% We get to watch evolution in weed science all the time, 29:28.400 --> 29:32.233 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.33% and so what happens is we've typically, 29:32.233 --> 29:35.266 align:start position:27.02% line:10% size:11.23% I'll use, I'll use Roundup as an example. 29:35.266 --> 29:39.766 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:26.82% We use Roundup in our chemical fallow no-till for example. 29:39.766 --> 29:41.633 align:start position:23.61% line:10% size:16.72% I was out in the state this weekend and I saw 29:41.633 --> 29:44.900 align:start position:20.3% line:10% size:18.24% lots of people spraying chem fallow, and so we 29:44.900 --> 29:49.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.46% very predictably, predictably spray our chem fallow 29:49.233 --> 29:52.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.85% two, three times a year, and so these plants, 29:52.533 --> 29:53.800 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.77% they know it's coming. 29:53.800 --> 29:57.966 align:start position:10% line:10% size:27.1% That'd be our kochia and Russian thistle, and when we apply 29:57.966 --> 29:59.633 align:start position:29.53% line:10% size:10.74% that selection pressure on there, 29:59.633 --> 30:04.233 align:start position:15.05% line:10% size:19.15% every time we select for plants that are a little bit 30:04.233 --> 30:07.866 align:start position:18.31% line:10% size:16.62% more resistant and a little bit more resistant, 30:07.866 --> 30:10.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.85% and so then it becomes a really slippery slope. 30:10.966 --> 30:13.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.83% All of a sudden we've killed all the plants in the field 30:13.900 --> 30:17.100 align:start position:13.74% line:10% size:21.38% that are susceptible to that herbicide, and we've selected 30:17.100 --> 30:20.900 align:start position:25.15% line:10% size:14.09% for the plants that are surviving that. 30:20.900 --> 30:24.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.22% Well very quickly, the whole population in the field 30:24.133 --> 30:27.700 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.85% then becomes resistant to that herbicide. 30:27.700 --> 30:31.633 align:start position:15.61% line:10% size:18.83% So it's a, it's a selection process in the same way 30:31.633 --> 30:33.966 align:start position:24.02% line:10% size:13.68% that we breed for resistance in certain, 30:33.966 --> 30:39.000 align:start position:19.43% line:10% size:17.23% in wheat, in wheat for fungal disease resistance. 30:39.000 --> 30:43.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.13% We continually select the lines that do the best. 30:43.433 --> 30:45.966 align:start position:21.39% line:10% size:16.38% Unfortunately, this is an example of selecting 30:45.966 --> 30:48.933 align:start position:20.63% line:10% size:17.33% for resistance that we don't want and we do it 30:48.933 --> 30:51.733 align:start position:27.6% line:10% size:12.36% in the field over and over again. 30:51.733 --> 30:53.000 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.19% - Okay, great answer. 30:53.000 --> 30:54.300 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:9.02% Thank you. 30:54.300 --> 30:59.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.98% From Butte, this caller says they are extremely allergic, 30:59.133 --> 31:02.433 align:start position:23.51% line:10% size:17.43% anaphylactic shock to mushrooms and lobster, 31:02.433 --> 31:06.133 align:start position:22.08% line:10% size:17.02% and Cathy would you know what the component 31:06.133 --> 31:08.300 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.49% that causes this reaction is? 31:08.300 --> 31:13.200 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:21.58% The caller believes it starts with a C or K, any idea? 31:14.800 --> 31:18.666 align:start position:16.97% line:10% size:16.01% - Yep, that would be chitin, and chitin is found 31:18.666 --> 31:22.200 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.11% in shells of seafood. 31:22.200 --> 31:25.033 align:start position:21.01% line:10% size:16.02% That's the hard stuff on the, on the outside. 31:25.033 --> 31:28.833 align:start position:26.34% line:10% size:13.73% It's also found on insect exoskeletons. 31:28.833 --> 31:33.166 align:start position:23.18% line:10% size:14.03% That's also chitin, C-H-I-T-I-N, I think. 31:34.166 --> 31:36.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:15.91% Mushrooms contain a lot of chitin, 31:36.800 --> 31:39.433 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.35% but they don't have that exoskeleton. 31:39.433 --> 31:42.800 align:start position:18.22% line:10% size:18.93% They're soft, they're not hard, but they have chitin 31:42.800 --> 31:46.933 align:start position:10% line:10% size:22.39% around all of their cell walls. 31:46.933 --> 31:51.933 align:start position:18.8% line:10% size:14.53% So it's this cellular process, so it's microscopic 31:52.766 --> 31:56.900 align:start position:21.77% line:10% size:16.01% but there is quite an quite a large component 31:56.900 --> 32:00.633 align:start position:26.87% line:10% size:14.29% in the cell walls of fungi and mushrooms, 32:00.633 --> 32:04.300 align:start position:22.6% line:10% size:16.62% so that allergy would probably be to chitin. 32:05.866 --> 32:08.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.66% - Okay, thank you. 32:08.966 --> 32:10.400 align:start position:30.08% line:10% size:12.51% I'm going to run this back to Tim 32:10.400 --> 32:12.366 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.69% because I find this one interesting. 32:12.366 --> 32:14.700 align:start position:18.85% line:10% size:16.26% It's something that a lot of people are facing. 32:15.800 --> 32:16.833 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.84% It's from Sheridan, Montana. 32:16.833 --> 32:19.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.66% How soon after spraying 2,4-D on the lawn 32:19.866 --> 32:22.566 align:start position:24.31% line:10% size:10.94% can the grass clippings be composted, 32:22.566 --> 32:25.500 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.93% or in other words, how long will the 2,4-D 32:25.500 --> 32:27.800 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.42% stay in a composted pile also? 32:29.200 --> 32:34.233 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.91% - So 2,4-D is a member of the synthetic oxyherbicide group, 32:35.333 --> 32:37.933 align:start position:22.8% line:10% size:16.42% and we use it on our lawns because it kills 32:37.933 --> 32:42.966 align:start position:13.85% line:10% size:17.94% only broadleaf or dicot plants, and so when we do that, 32:42.966 --> 32:45.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.5% when we use it on our lawn, we spray it, we mow it, 32:45.666 --> 32:49.400 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.92% we collect those, and then we put 'em in our compost pile. 32:49.400 --> 32:51.866 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.7% Well, those molecules actually break down 32:51.866 --> 32:56.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.29% very slowly sometimes, and if we then use that compost 32:56.700 --> 32:58.800 align:start position:10% line:10% size:28.27% in our gardens we can cause some 32:58.800 --> 33:00.666 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.08% pretty serious herbicide injury. 33:00.666 --> 33:05.366 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.93% In the Schutter Diagnostic Lab, we see lots of leaf twisting 33:05.366 --> 33:09.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.05% and curled up tomatoes from this kind of injury. 33:09.133 --> 33:12.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.63% So with 2,4-D specifically, I would have to go back 33:12.566 --> 33:15.466 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.87% and look at the label and look at the formulation 33:15.466 --> 33:18.933 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.06% that you're using in your lawn, but there's a large number 33:18.933 --> 33:21.566 align:start position:19.45% line:10% size:15.81% of herbicides in that group that'll stick around 33:21.566 --> 33:26.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:25.13% and damage your compost and make your compost unusable. 33:26.566 --> 33:28.333 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.92% So a lot of people avoid using 33:28.333 --> 33:30.500 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.8% grass clippings in their lawn. 33:30.500 --> 33:32.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.23% I know a lot of people who run professional 33:32.466 --> 33:35.100 align:start position:22.88% line:10% size:16.52% compost businesses and they don't accept 33:35.100 --> 33:37.033 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.21% lawn clippings at all. 33:37.033 --> 33:40.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.69% Abi, do you know how long it might 2,4-D itself 33:40.333 --> 33:42.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.54% lasts in lawn clippings? 33:43.266 --> 33:47.866 align:start position:15.81% line:10% size:19.76% - No, I do not know, but I agree with you in terms of, 33:47.866 --> 33:52.866 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.02% I tend to avoid grass clippings in compost, just period. 33:53.600 --> 33:56.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.43% I try and avoid putting that on any of my, 33:56.400 --> 34:00.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:19.05% any of my garden beds. 34:00.466 --> 34:03.100 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.68% - Okay, thanks to both of you. 34:03.100 --> 34:06.366 align:start position:19.65% line:10% size:18.91% Mary, from Butte, home gardener wants to know how 34:06.366 --> 34:10.000 align:start position:15.25% line:10% size:21.48% to take care of potato scab in a home garden situation. 34:10.000 --> 34:11.133 align:start position:30% line:10% size:14.39% Any suggestions? 34:12.500 --> 34:17.333 align:start position:28.24% line:10% size:12.3% - So there's not a lot you can use 34:17.333 --> 34:20.433 align:start position:25.89% line:10% size:14.03% that's available to the home gardener. 34:20.433 --> 34:22.566 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.33% I think Nina swears by oatmeal. 34:23.566 --> 34:24.433 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:20.61% - [Jack] I think that's right. 34:24.433 --> 34:28.266 align:start position:14.17% line:10% size:17.43% - Yeah, and include it, incorporate it into the soil. 34:28.266 --> 34:31.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.2% You can choose varieties that are more resistant, 34:31.400 --> 34:33.533 align:start position:21.82% line:10% size:13.78% and you can also rotate out of that area 34:33.533 --> 34:37.500 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:23.01% and choose a new area, and probably some fertility. 34:37.500 --> 34:39.433 align:start position:30.13% line:10% size:12.2% I'd have to look up a fact sheet. 34:39.433 --> 34:42.333 align:start position:12.86% line:10% size:20.06% - I think fertility does play a role, but I think varieties 34:42.333 --> 34:44.800 align:start position:19.22% line:10% size:16.72% are the real key here because certain varieties 34:44.800 --> 34:46.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.99% just don't develop scab. 34:46.633 --> 34:49.700 align:start position:20.79% line:10% size:14.89% I tell you what, call Nina Zidack at Potato Lab, 34:49.700 --> 34:52.866 align:start position:14.56% line:10% size:20.92% and she'll ferret out, and if you wanna, everybody call her. 34:52.866 --> 34:55.833 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.72% Well, she'll know she's re. 34:55.833 --> 34:56.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:9.19% - 994-6110. 34:57.866 --> 35:00.433 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.67% - 6110, 994-6110, and Nina will tell you. 35:02.566 --> 35:06.966 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.16% Hey Cathy, from Billings, this is an interesting question. 35:06.966 --> 35:10.966 align:start position:15.25% line:10% size:22.9% Are these mushrooms found in Montana and if so, where? 35:10.966 --> 35:14.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.99% One, chicken of the woods, two, hen of the woods, 35:14.833 --> 35:17.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:19.25% and three, entomoloma. 35:17.166 --> 35:20.400 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:12.13% Any, go ahead. 35:20.400 --> 35:23.066 align:start position:24.55% line:10% size:12.77% - Chicken of the woods, yes it's found 35:23.066 --> 35:25.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.47% up in northwest Montana. 35:25.800 --> 35:29.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.9% It's not that common, but you have to be careful. 35:29.433 --> 35:33.066 align:start position:20.49% line:10% size:15.3% There are a couple species, and one of thems 35:33.066 --> 35:35.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.48% can cause digestive upset. 35:35.366 --> 35:37.233 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.71% So yeah, northwest Montana. 35:38.133 --> 35:42.466 align:start position:17.99% line:10% size:16.82% The other, hen of the woods, not that I have seen, 35:42.466 --> 35:45.466 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.22% maybe possible but I have not 35:45.466 --> 35:48.200 align:start position:27.52% line:10% size:8.31% personally encountered that here, 35:48.200 --> 35:51.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:13.38% and I think those are two edibles. 35:51.433 --> 35:56.466 align:start position:14.63% line:10% size:20.16% Now the third one, if they said entoloma, E-N-T, I guess, 35:56.733 --> 36:01.666 align:start position:14.15% line:10% size:20.51% that's a strange third one, because those are often toxic 36:02.833 --> 36:06.766 align:start position:20.61% line:10% size:17.53% and yes, we have lots of species of entoloma. 36:07.966 --> 36:11.700 align:start position:24.53% line:10% size:14.27% I'm not sure that's what you say on there. 36:11.700 --> 36:12.900 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.84% It's not an edible mushroom. 36:12.900 --> 36:17.733 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:21.22% It's not something that you really look for for foraging, 36:17.733 --> 36:19.500 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.54% but we do have a lot of species. 36:19.500 --> 36:24.166 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.77% They have pink spores, they're a pink spore, the entoloma. 36:24.166 --> 36:25.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.66% - Okay, thank you. 36:25.933 --> 36:27.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.59% Tim, I love this question. 36:27.366 --> 36:29.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.77% It comes in from Kalispell. 36:29.466 --> 36:33.066 align:start position:20.92% line:10% size:17.22% This person says, my neighbors eat purslane. 36:33.066 --> 36:35.600 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.12% So can we eat prickly lettuce? 36:35.600 --> 36:37.833 align:start position:37.5% line:10% size:7.5% (giggling) 36:38.733 --> 36:42.066 align:start position:15.76% line:10% size:16.31% - You can eat prickly lettuce when it's very young. 36:42.066 --> 36:44.166 align:start position:25.71% line:10% size:12.97% So I would get it early in the spring 36:44.166 --> 36:45.600 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:17.78% when it's a little softer. 36:46.566 --> 36:49.133 align:start position:24.49% line:10% size:10.03% I was pulling lambsquarter out of my, 36:49.133 --> 36:52.500 align:start position:17.79% line:10% size:19.25% out of my spinach patch the other day, and I was, 36:52.500 --> 36:54.833 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.73% tried the lambsquarter and I thought 36:54.833 --> 36:56.000 align:start position:29.63% line:10% size:9.93% it was a little bit more delicious 36:56.000 --> 36:59.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.09% than probably the prickly lettuce. 36:59.233 --> 37:01.166 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.69% The prickly lettuce that we here, 37:01.166 --> 37:03.533 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.2% have here is called lactuca serriola, 37:03.533 --> 37:06.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.19% and the serriola part means that there's a row of thorns 37:06.533 --> 37:08.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.5% on the bottom of the leaves. 37:08.666 --> 37:11.366 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:21.63% So get it while it's young or it might stick in your gums. 37:11.366 --> 37:15.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.39% - Okay, I think I prefer just iceberg myself, 37:15.500 --> 37:18.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.06% but you know, everybody to their own liking. 37:18.766 --> 37:21.633 align:start position:15.07% line:10% size:21.75% Mary, you have something, and this is very appropriate 37:21.633 --> 37:23.733 align:start position:28.11% line:10% size:13.08% even though the day is about over, 37:23.733 --> 37:26.866 align:start position:23.07% line:10% size:18.44% but today was National Weed Your Garden Day. 37:26.866 --> 37:29.500 align:start position:20.36% line:10% size:17.53% So after this program, folks, you probably got 37:29.500 --> 37:32.366 align:start position:25% line:10% size:13.99% a couple hours of sun left, of light. 37:32.366 --> 37:35.000 align:start position:27.96% line:10% size:14.19% Get out there and weed your garden. 37:35.000 --> 37:35.833 align:start position:30% line:10% size:9.53% - It's official. 37:35.833 --> 37:36.800 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:10.1% It was today. 37:36.800 --> 37:39.700 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.67% - [Jack] Yeah, okay, and that was today. 37:40.733 --> 37:45.733 align:start position:19.21% line:10% size:15.84% - [Tim] Red leaf, big leaf. Less of everything. 37:46.200 --> 37:49.633 align:start position:22.26% line:10% size:15.81% - Okay, while you're up, Mary, from Bozeman, 37:49.633 --> 37:51.400 align:start position:25.3% line:10% size:14.19% and I think I know the answer to this, 37:51.400 --> 37:52.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:18.79% but I'll let you go with it. 37:52.966 --> 37:55.066 align:start position:26.92% line:10% size:11.65% Their potatoes have crispy leaves. 37:55.066 --> 37:56.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.64% Is this drought or frost? 37:56.833 --> 37:58.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:13.17% - I would go with frost. (laughing) 37:58.733 --> 38:00.466 align:start position:18.79% line:10% size:18.61% - [Jack] Boy, it did crisp up the potatoes last week. 38:00.466 --> 38:02.633 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.61% - Yeah, yeah luckily I'm a late planter, 38:02.633 --> 38:05.366 align:start position:15.22% line:10% size:21.55% so my stuff was pretty safe but anyone that got in early 38:05.366 --> 38:07.200 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.43% and got some foliage. 38:07.200 --> 38:09.533 align:start position:28.16% line:10% size:11.55% - And even if it did burn it back, 38:09.533 --> 38:10.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.9% the potatoes will come back. 38:10.966 --> 38:11.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:12.78% - They'll be fine. 38:11.800 --> 38:13.066 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.76% - Yeah, absolutely. 38:13.066 --> 38:17.666 align:start position:26.15% line:10% size:10.54% Abi, an email question and this one, 38:17.666 --> 38:19.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.1% I'm curious about myself. 38:19.366 --> 38:22.566 align:start position:21.96% line:10% size:13.58% How, and is from Bozeman, how often should 38:22.566 --> 38:24.633 align:start position:10% line:10% size:22.8% they be fertilizing their yard? 38:26.633 --> 38:31.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.45% - So the easy answer is, it depends on your yard 38:31.266 --> 38:35.266 align:start position:20.96% line:10% size:17.94% but generally people, I would encourage people 38:35.266 --> 38:40.400 align:start position:15.36% line:10% size:19.25% to fertilize it two to three times a year in Montana. 38:40.400 --> 38:44.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.77% Once you want to get, get it in the late spring, 38:44.100 --> 38:47.900 align:start position:18.99% line:10% size:18.91% around mid to late May, then you want to maybe do 38:47.900 --> 38:52.900 align:start position:15.88% line:10% size:19.97% another round at the end of June, but you don't want 38:53.333 --> 38:56.433 align:start position:27.99% line:10% size:11.14% to fertilize it in that midsummer heat 38:56.433 --> 39:00.133 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.23% because that's going to be detrimental to the grass, 39:00.133 --> 39:03.033 align:start position:10% line:10% size:26.15% and then you want to do another application in September 39:03.033 --> 39:08.033 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:21.68% so that it has plenty of time to, before that hard frost 39:09.400 --> 39:14.033 align:start position:21.47% line:10% size:16.92% hits to grow and then develop that root system 39:14.033 --> 39:18.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:15.4% and go dormant for the winter season. 39:18.833 --> 39:23.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:19.55% So I usually only fertilize mine twice a year. 39:23.533 --> 39:27.400 align:start position:20.5% line:10% size:14.49% I do an early June fertilize, fertilization 39:27.400 --> 39:31.066 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.4% and then I do in September, but if, if your grass 39:31.066 --> 39:34.233 align:start position:23.41% line:10% size:15.6% is kind of struggling to grow then you can, 39:34.233 --> 39:37.366 align:start position:22.65% line:10% size:15.51% you can add a third application in there. 39:37.366 --> 39:40.000 align:start position:13.7% line:10% size:20.47% - You know, if you fertilize too early, and a lot of people 39:40.000 --> 39:43.166 align:start position:12.8% line:10% size:22.9% in Montana have a tendency the first few nice days of May 39:43.166 --> 39:45.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.36% to get out their spreader and their tractor 39:45.666 --> 39:47.933 align:start position:26.06% line:10% size:12.36% and go fertilize, and they pay for it 39:47.933 --> 39:50.566 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.56% because they're mowing every five days, whereas if you wait 39:50.566 --> 39:52.866 align:start position:26.19% line:10% size:13.52% 'til June, you can wait at least a week 39:52.866 --> 39:54.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.86% before you have to mow. 39:54.666 --> 39:56.300 align:start position:21.62% line:10% size:9.79% - Absolutely. Just a little bit of sage, 39:56.300 --> 39:57.933 align:start position:35% line:10% size:9.52% lazy advice. 39:57.933 --> 40:00.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:8.81% (chuckling) 40:00.300 --> 40:04.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.55% Okay, interesting comment here from Great Falls, 40:04.233 --> 40:06.133 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.94% and I appreciate when people do respond 40:06.133 --> 40:08.033 align:start position:15% line:10% size:24.22% and give us some good ideas. 40:08.033 --> 40:12.700 align:start position:14.11% line:10% size:18.24% This caller uses cut-up cardboard in her raspberry patch 40:12.700 --> 40:15.633 align:start position:19.93% line:10% size:13.11% and find it's very effective against quackgrass 40:15.633 --> 40:17.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.97% when laid on the ground. 40:17.566 --> 40:19.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.95% What do you guys think of that as a biological 40:19.366 --> 40:23.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.57% control method or cultural control, I should say? 40:23.233 --> 40:26.300 align:start position:20.33% line:10% size:18.69% - I, I've done cardboard and you have to kind of, 40:26.300 --> 40:28.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:13.42% you can't just lay it and forget it. 40:28.066 --> 40:29.566 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.44% You have to kind of keep on top of it 40:29.566 --> 40:31.966 align:start position:19.05% line:10% size:18.18% but in something that's perennial and established, 40:31.966 --> 40:33.533 align:start position:25% line:10% size:18.04% and then maybe cover it with some mulch 40:33.533 --> 40:36.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.5% and then you probably have to go back after a few years 40:36.633 --> 40:38.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.79% 'cause it does degrade. 40:38.033 --> 40:39.500 align:start position:40% line:10% size:5.74% - Okay. 40:39.500 --> 40:43.866 align:start position:15.52% line:10% size:18.1% I figure it rots off pretty fast the way it does but. 40:43.866 --> 40:45.500 align:start position:23.61% line:10% size:14.59% - And you can use landscape fabric too, 40:45.500 --> 40:49.166 align:start position:14.98% line:10% size:18.54% kind of similar just, and then it has water permeation. 40:49.166 --> 40:52.000 align:start position:15.03% line:10% size:19.9% It's not a plastic, but also putting that mulch on top 40:52.000 --> 40:53.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.82% really helps preserve it so you don't have 40:53.766 --> 40:55.100 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:21.25% to do it quite so frequently. 40:55.100 --> 40:56.700 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.55% - Okay, thanks Mary. 40:56.700 --> 40:59.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.76% Tim, from Billings, this person lives next to 40:59.800 --> 41:04.733 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.57% a daycare center and has a lot of broadleaf weeds 41:06.033 --> 41:09.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.56% and, including bindweed and houndstongue. 41:09.500 --> 41:12.200 align:start position:22.63% line:10% size:16.97% He feels he can't use Roundup glyphosate. 41:12.200 --> 41:14.333 align:start position:28.65% line:10% size:9.52% Is there any herbicide he can use 41:14.333 --> 41:16.666 align:start position:25.74% line:10% size:10.84% that would be non-toxic to children? 41:18.700 --> 41:20.100 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.51% - Ooh, that's a tough one. 41:20.100 --> 41:22.100 align:start position:26.42% line:10% size:13.88% I think in general, what you want to do, 41:22.100 --> 41:25.800 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.62% there are some herbicides that you can, that you could use. 41:25.800 --> 41:28.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:24.46% You could use some broadleaf herbicide, and I think 41:28.800 --> 41:32.100 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.19% if you consult the, the aisle at your, 41:32.100 --> 41:37.100 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.1% at your ranch supply store or talk to one of the dealers, 41:40.533 --> 41:43.333 align:start position:10% line:10% size:27.97% you could come up with something that'd be non-glyphosate. 41:43.333 --> 41:46.633 align:start position:20.56% line:10% size:13.27% I think the key to avoiding it is don't spray 41:46.633 --> 41:50.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.5% when the kids are out there, avoid spraying on any day 41:50.566 --> 41:53.933 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.86% when it's hot and things could volatilize and sort of get up 41:53.933 --> 41:57.266 align:start position:12.7% line:10% size:20.27% into the air a little bit, and just try to really avoid that 41:57.266 --> 42:01.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.7% and make sure you read the label carefully so you'll, 42:01.166 --> 42:03.533 align:start position:27.78% line:10% size:12.71% you'll know how to better do that. 42:03.533 --> 42:05.300 align:start position:23.08% line:10% size:15.09% - Tim, correct me if I'm wrong, but if you 42:05.300 --> 42:08.833 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.81% sprayed glyphosate, say after the kids go home at five, 42:08.833 --> 42:12.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.59% 5:30 in the evening, it's basically inactivated 42:12.233 --> 42:15.966 align:start position:19.22% line:10% size:16.31% about the time it hits the ground or the plants. 42:15.966 --> 42:17.833 align:start position:28.8% line:10% size:11.49% It doesn't stick around very long. 42:17.833 --> 42:18.800 align:start position:30% line:10% size:12.06% Is that correct? 42:19.933 --> 42:22.133 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:10.64% - Yes and no. 42:22.133 --> 42:25.900 align:start position:13.27% line:10% size:16.96% It, it's still there, but it binds very strongly to the soil 42:25.900 --> 42:28.033 align:start position:23.44% line:10% size:13.37% or it makes it on, it's dry to the plant. 42:28.033 --> 42:32.200 align:start position:28.14% line:10% size:11.9% It's not likely to then volatilize or 42:32.200 --> 42:35.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.7% They have, there have been studies that have shown 42:35.266 --> 42:38.200 align:start position:17.98% line:10% size:16.58% that there is actually, they've detected glyphosate 42:38.200 --> 42:40.533 align:start position:12.58% line:10% size:23.86% in the rain though and they've detected glyphosate in blown, 42:40.533 --> 42:45.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:14.9% and in blowing soil so it is still there, 42:45.266 --> 42:48.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:19.8% but it's generally inactive and, and bonded tightly 42:48.600 --> 42:50.800 align:start position:26.57% line:10% size:11.35% to the soil and the plant material. 42:50.800 --> 42:52.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.66% - Okay, thank you. 42:52.033 --> 42:54.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.5% Okay. I'm going to throw this one out 42:54.633 --> 42:56.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.13% as something I've never heard of. 42:56.900 --> 43:00.166 align:start position:18.67% line:10% size:18.18% It's from Billings, and if we don't have an answer, 43:00.166 --> 43:01.966 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:14.53% we'll try to find out one of the future. 43:01.966 --> 43:04.433 align:start position:30.71% line:10% size:12.56% Does turkey tail grow in Montana, 43:04.433 --> 43:08.133 align:start position:27.48% line:10% size:9.22% and if so, is turkey tail edible? 43:08.133 --> 43:10.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:16.21% Anybody know what turkey tail is? 43:11.933 --> 43:13.766 align:start position:10% line:10% size:22.74% - Turkey tail, that's a fungus. 43:13.766 --> 43:14.600 align:start position:40% line:10% size:5.74% - Okay. 43:15.866 --> 43:17.333 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.79% - That's my category. 43:17.333 --> 43:19.900 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.11% Yeah, that's, it's a polypore. 43:19.900 --> 43:22.833 align:start position:15.67% line:10% size:15.85% It's called turkey tail because it looks like a shelf 43:22.833 --> 43:27.833 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.16% but it has zones of colors on top, so the zones 43:28.100 --> 43:31.700 align:start position:10% line:10% size:23.3% make it look like a turkey tail. 43:31.700 --> 43:35.700 align:start position:23.2% line:10% size:14.6% We don't have the real turkey tail here. 43:35.700 --> 43:38.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.13% That's more of an eastern fungus. 43:38.000 --> 43:43.033 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.89% We have some things that look like it, but it's not here. 43:44.700 --> 43:48.800 align:start position:23.97% line:10% size:15.91% It has been used as a medicinal mushroom. 43:48.800 --> 43:51.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.84% They've done trials with this. 43:51.633 --> 43:56.633 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.6% It has anti-cancer properties and it is actually sold 43:59.633 --> 44:04.566 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.72% as a mycomedicinal, and there does appear to be something 44:05.466 --> 44:09.400 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.17% to the properties that can help with certain kinds 44:09.400 --> 44:12.366 align:start position:23.89% line:10% size:13.78% of cancer, but we don't have that here. 44:13.266 --> 44:14.133 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.6% - Good information. 44:14.133 --> 44:15.433 align:start position:10% line:10% size:26.31% Thank you, Cathy, and I learned. 44:15.433 --> 44:18.066 align:start position:20.28% line:10% size:18.59% I've never heard of that particular fungus before 44:18.066 --> 44:20.733 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.8% and I been around it for a long time. 44:20.733 --> 44:22.733 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.49% Comment here from Cheryl. 44:22.733 --> 44:25.966 align:start position:22.55% line:10% size:16.72% She says that prickly lettuce going to seed 44:25.966 --> 44:29.633 align:start position:16.3% line:10% size:16.51% will cross with edible lettuce and render your plants 44:29.633 --> 44:32.100 align:start position:10% line:10% size:25.84% growing from that seed inedible. 44:32.100 --> 44:34.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.44% Tim, were you aware of that? 44:34.566 --> 44:36.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.53% - No, I was, I was not. 44:36.433 --> 44:38.033 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.61% I did not know that they could 44:38.033 --> 44:39.800 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23% cross like that and hybridize. 44:39.800 --> 44:41.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:11.9% - I didn't either. 44:41.600 --> 44:45.833 align:start position:13.38% line:10% size:24.79% Mary, from Loma and for those who do not know where Loma is, 44:45.833 --> 44:48.933 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.26% it's halfway between, not quite halfway between Great Falls 44:48.933 --> 44:53.566 align:start position:19.22% line:10% size:18.34% and Havre, this person is growing some chickpeas 44:53.566 --> 44:58.533 align:start position:10.2% line:10% size:23.05% and they're concerned about ascochyta, but it's a dry year. 44:58.533 --> 45:01.833 align:start position:16.55% line:10% size:19.91% Do you think we're going to have an ascochyta issue? 45:01.833 --> 45:03.933 align:start position:13.54% line:10% size:20.51% - Right, so we've had one sample in the clinic positive, 45:03.933 --> 45:08.933 align:start position:15.16% line:10% size:20.87% and growers at first flower tend to include a fungicide 45:09.366 --> 45:14.366 align:start position:15.96% line:10% size:21.99% in their mix and you know, I would stay away or blend any 45:15.200 --> 45:19.500 align:start position:13.36% line:10% size:21.68% of the strobilurin fungicides such, you know, the strobies, 45:19.500 --> 45:22.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:23.61% because we have seen some resistance in the state, 45:22.066 --> 45:26.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.65% and choose that for the susceptible varieties. 45:26.433 --> 45:28.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:21.58% Organic growers, we really don't have many options 45:28.666 --> 45:31.933 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.18% for them as far as a foliar fungicide, 45:31.933 --> 45:35.000 align:start position:25.1% line:10% size:12.97% but the resistant varieties, I find it 45:35.000 --> 45:37.200 align:start position:29.24% line:10% size:10.71% difficult to get the pathogen out. 45:37.200 --> 45:40.600 align:start position:19.92% line:10% size:13.68% So there is some suppression of the pathogen. 45:40.600 --> 45:42.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.37% As long as we have a dry year and it continues, 45:42.600 --> 45:44.933 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.97% we shouldn't see any epidemics at all. 45:44.933 --> 45:47.466 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.52% Just be conscious of your rotation, and, 45:47.466 --> 45:49.800 align:start position:16.85% line:10% size:18.49% and the other thing I've heard about right, right now 45:49.800 --> 45:52.033 align:start position:25.12% line:10% size:8.81% is just poor nodulation of chickpeas 45:52.033 --> 45:53.533 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.71% due to the cold temperatures. 45:53.533 --> 45:56.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:16.52% So they may want to look at their crop for, 45:56.333 --> 45:58.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.52% and talk to their crop advisor about that. 45:58.166 --> 46:01.466 align:start position:16.08% line:10% size:20.74% - Okay, thank you, and on that note, we had a question 46:01.466 --> 46:04.366 align:start position:24.93% line:10% size:13.88% from Stevensville about windy and colder 46:04.366 --> 46:08.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.5% than normal this spring, and she says her hardy shrubs 46:08.633 --> 46:10.266 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.53% are barely coming up. 46:10.266 --> 46:13.500 align:start position:16.57% line:10% size:19.65% Usually by this time they would be doing much better. 46:13.500 --> 46:17.033 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:26.18% Some of last year's wood seems viable but not all of it. 46:17.033 --> 46:19.433 align:start position:26.16% line:10% size:14.49% Should the woody material be cut down 46:19.433 --> 46:22.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:21.48% and any recommendations to help those shrubs, 46:22.566 --> 46:24.433 align:start position:12.58% line:10% size:18.59% and we'll get into that a little bit because we're seeing 46:24.433 --> 46:28.766 align:start position:19.83% line:10% size:16.62% an awful lot of winter damage the last two years 46:28.766 --> 46:31.166 align:start position:20.45% line:10% size:15.07% on a lot of different types of shrubs and trees. 46:31.166 --> 46:33.066 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:18.51% Abi, you can start it off. 46:34.600 --> 46:38.366 align:start position:14.1% line:10% size:20.11% - So I would say if you've kind of scratched the surface 46:38.366 --> 46:41.733 align:start position:21.57% line:10% size:15.1% and, and seen that live tissue underneath, 46:41.733 --> 46:45.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.08% that whitish with the green border of the cambium, 46:45.600 --> 46:49.466 align:start position:11.47% line:10% size:20.37% if you see that live tissue, then I would let that plant be, 46:49.466 --> 46:52.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.73% give it time to recover. 46:52.100 --> 46:56.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.26% If you have the unviable leaf tissues, though, 46:56.400 --> 47:01.033 align:start position:15.71% line:10% size:18.28% if it's just woody on the inside, I, there's no point 47:01.033 --> 47:02.166 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.56% in keeping that on there. 47:02.166 --> 47:05.966 align:start position:21.62% line:10% size:17.22% So I would remove or prune back any branches 47:05.966 --> 47:10.966 align:start position:19.27% line:10% size:17.43% that have the tips that have died, and in general, 47:11.366 --> 47:14.300 align:start position:15.64% line:10% size:19.91% we, we've been seeing a lot of new growth of things 47:14.300 --> 47:17.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.14% that had started to leaf out already this spring 47:17.033 --> 47:20.266 align:start position:23.73% line:10% size:14.36% be really affected, especially noticeable 47:20.266 --> 47:24.600 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.68% in some of our evergreens, and so if you have the tips 47:24.600 --> 47:28.100 align:start position:24.63% line:10% size:14.59% of the branches of your pines and spruces 47:28.100 --> 47:31.400 align:start position:21.06% line:10% size:17.33% that are starting to, or that were browning over 47:31.400 --> 47:35.333 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.97% the past couple of weeks, don't worry too much about those. 47:35.333 --> 47:38.800 align:start position:17.48% line:10% size:18.84% Either those will start to regrow and that green growth 47:38.800 --> 47:43.800 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.36% will take over and they, they will recover with patience 47:44.066 --> 47:46.266 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.82% and as long as those plants are healthy, 47:46.266 --> 47:50.966 align:start position:18.6% line:10% size:14.49% all of these issues generally on healthy plants 47:50.966 --> 47:55.800 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.45% will slowly disappear so. 47:55.800 --> 47:57.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.47% - Abi, a lot of people want to fertilize their bushes 47:57.633 --> 47:59.633 align:start position:26.72% line:10% size:10.51% and stuff and encourage new growth. 47:59.633 --> 48:00.666 align:start position:25% line:10% size:16.01% Is that a good idea? 48:01.800 --> 48:04.800 align:start position:20.72% line:10% size:16.4% - No, I don't think it's a good idea to fertilize 48:04.800 --> 48:07.766 align:start position:19.63% line:10% size:18.24% your bushes right now, encourage that new growth. 48:07.766 --> 48:10.533 align:start position:18.88% line:10% size:17.29% I would say, just keep your plants watered well, 48:10.533 --> 48:14.766 align:start position:15.71% line:10% size:19.86% make sure that there are no other stressors that are 48:14.766 --> 48:17.566 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.16% affecting them and just give them time to bounce back, 48:17.566 --> 48:19.466 align:start position:27.75% line:10% size:15.4% and as the growing season progresses, 48:19.466 --> 48:22.366 align:start position:24.83% line:10% size:13.88% they will naturally bounce back from that. 48:23.600 --> 48:26.300 align:start position:16.44% line:10% size:19.97% - You know, on that note, we've had several questions 48:26.300 --> 48:31.433 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.27% come in this spring about elm trees, ash trees, 48:31.433 --> 48:33.900 align:start position:10% line:10% size:26.45% which were generally considered to be quite hardy here 48:33.900 --> 48:37.300 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.9% in Montana that the past few years have really suffered 48:37.300 --> 48:40.500 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.81% some serious winter damage, and I can't figure out 48:40.500 --> 48:44.166 align:start position:13.78% line:10% size:21.95% quite why, but I am thinking maybe that with extended falls 48:44.166 --> 48:48.766 align:start position:16.13% line:10% size:20.31% and then they don't really have a chance to harden off 48:48.766 --> 48:51.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.12% like they normally do, maybe that first frost, 48:51.833 --> 48:54.033 align:start position:27.93% line:10% size:12.16% that killing frost is harder on 'em 48:54.033 --> 48:55.300 align:start position:17.57% line:10% size:13.88% than it used it be. - We've had a couple of years 48:55.300 --> 48:57.966 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.67% of drought too, and I think they're just struggling. 48:57.966 --> 49:02.000 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.37% - Well, and for years I always considered the green ash 49:02.000 --> 49:04.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.59% to be the smartest tree in Montana. 49:04.233 --> 49:07.600 align:start position:20.51% line:10% size:16.31% It leafs out the latest and it loses its leaves 49:07.600 --> 49:10.900 align:start position:18.19% line:10% size:16.72% the earliest in the fall which should make it hardier 49:10.900 --> 49:14.033 align:start position:15.91% line:10% size:19.35% for our environment, but the last two years that has 49:14.033 --> 49:16.833 align:start position:23.64% line:10% size:15.2% not held to be true, and we've really seen 49:16.833 --> 49:19.966 align:start position:20.64% line:10% size:18.24% tremendous amount of damage, and maybe someday 49:19.966 --> 49:21.166 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:15.65% we'll figure that out. 49:23.866 --> 49:27.366 align:start position:25.69% line:10% size:15.35% Let's go to Conrad, and this person says 49:27.366 --> 49:29.500 align:start position:22.84% line:10% size:12.67% they have black streaks on their wheat. 49:29.500 --> 49:32.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.62% Mary, you have any clue what that might be. 49:32.200 --> 49:34.133 align:start position:16.4% line:10% size:19.7% - So we're starting to get some tan spot and septoria. 49:34.133 --> 49:37.833 align:start position:19.11% line:10% size:16.58% We do have a winter wheat variety that's new. 49:37.833 --> 49:40.633 align:start position:15.66% line:10% size:21.08% Some people are saying it was Bobcat and it looks like 49:40.633 --> 49:43.266 align:start position:22.31% line:10% size:13.72% tan spot but it's a physiological leaf spot. 49:43.266 --> 49:44.600 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.8% It's just like CDC Falcon. 49:44.600 --> 49:46.600 align:start position:24.99% line:10% size:12.2% That's how you recognize the variety. 49:46.600 --> 49:50.000 align:start position:25.33% line:10% size:14.64% So you don't need to spray it, and we, 49:50.000 --> 49:52.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.29% where you have hail or high winds, you might specie in 49:52.700 --> 49:54.700 align:start position:23.46% line:10% size:13.88% some leaf streak, bacterial leaf streak 49:54.700 --> 49:58.100 align:start position:13.69% line:10% size:20.07% and that would follow the vein, and that also wouldn't, 49:58.100 --> 49:59.666 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15.95% a fungicide wouldn't help with that. 49:59.666 --> 50:01.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:14.66% - Okay, thank you. 50:01.266 --> 50:05.766 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:19.09% Doesn't say from where but this caller says 50:05.766 --> 50:08.866 align:start position:26.62% line:10% size:14.89% they enjoy grocery store mushrooms, and 50:08.866 --> 50:10.000 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:18.24% I enjoy all mushrooms. 50:10.000 --> 50:12.600 align:start position:20.71% line:10% size:17.74% They're very tasty, but they would like to know, 50:12.600 --> 50:15.333 align:start position:21.33% line:10% size:13.38% do wild collected mushrooms taste different 50:15.333 --> 50:18.333 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.98% and are they much tastier, and is it worth the risk 50:18.333 --> 50:21.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.9% of getting a toxic mushroom, and we'll cover that 50:21.400 --> 50:23.966 align:start position:24.43% line:10% size:12.36% a little bit more, but Cathy have at it. 50:25.400 --> 50:28.766 align:start position:22.36% line:10% size:13.18% - Well, I think it's worth the risk actually. 50:28.766 --> 50:33.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20.7% Yes, the wild mushrooms, each different kind 50:33.266 --> 50:36.166 align:start position:15% line:10% size:20.67% has its own special flavor. 50:37.133 --> 50:38.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:13.61% You want to stick to what we call 50:38.500 --> 50:42.933 align:start position:20.08% line:10% size:15.3% the good edibles in Montana, the chantrelles, 50:42.933 --> 50:47.533 align:start position:24.02% line:10% size:15% king boletes, black morels, yellow morels. 50:47.533 --> 50:51.466 align:start position:17.36% line:10% size:14.89% They all have their different, special flavors. 50:51.466 --> 50:55.533 align:start position:20.03% line:10% size:17.23% Some of the meadow mushrooms that are related 50:55.533 --> 50:59.366 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.8% to store-bought mushrooms, I think are much tastier, 51:00.133 --> 51:02.233 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.33% but you need to know what you're doing. 51:02.233 --> 51:06.733 align:start position:21.9% line:10% size:15.85% Obviously you don't want to make a mistake. 51:06.733 --> 51:09.000 align:start position:23.65% line:10% size:13.17% I did want to say something about some of 51:09.000 --> 51:11.833 align:start position:20.54% line:10% size:17.13% the new store-bought mushrooms that are some of 51:11.833 --> 51:15.833 align:start position:13.67% line:10% size:23.71% the specialty mushrooms that are coming out in Bozeman now 51:15.833 --> 51:18.400 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.23% and around the state. 51:18.400 --> 51:22.033 align:start position:22.11% line:10% size:15.34% I don't know if Jack would even recognize it. 51:22.033 --> 51:26.200 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.9% This is an oyster mushroom, it's called a trumpet. 51:27.266 --> 51:30.633 align:start position:23.56% line:10% size:16.51% When we see oyster mushrooms in the wild, 51:30.633 --> 51:33.633 align:start position:25% line:10% size:14.74% they're all cap and very little stem. 51:34.966 --> 51:38.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.25% This trumpet mushroom is being grown locally, 51:38.366 --> 51:42.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:15.4% near Bozeman and in various stores. 51:42.833 --> 51:47.833 align:start position:19.28% line:10% size:15.95% It's all stem, but this makes some very tasty meals. 51:49.366 --> 51:54.366 align:start position:12.92% line:10% size:20.71% You can actually slice this down, make scallop sized pieces 51:56.833 --> 52:01.300 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.49% and cook it just like scallops or put it in with your stuff, 52:01.300 --> 52:04.800 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23% vegetarian scallops because of that nice texture 52:04.800 --> 52:07.133 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.42% of the stem, so while we're waiting for the mushrooms 52:07.133 --> 52:10.700 align:start position:20.45% line:10% size:20.06% to come out, some of the new specialty mushrooms 52:10.700 --> 52:12.466 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.53% are a good way to go. 52:12.466 --> 52:14.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:15.4% Some of the others are, I don't think 52:14.866 --> 52:16.533 align:start position:15% line:10% size:21.79% they have that much flavor. 52:16.533 --> 52:19.766 align:start position:23.88% line:10% size:12.81% I'm a little bored with the usual stuff. 52:19.766 --> 52:22.166 align:start position:22.38% line:10% size:16.72% So try some of those new specialty mushrooms. 52:22.166 --> 52:25.900 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.91% You might have to look up a particular recipe for it 52:25.900 --> 52:29.266 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:22.7% because you cook each one a little bit differently. 52:29.266 --> 52:32.466 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.67% - When it comes to oyster mushrooms, and I pick 52:32.466 --> 52:35.433 align:start position:15.33% line:10% size:20.97% a lot of them, not this year because it's been quite dry 52:35.433 --> 52:40.000 align:start position:14.22% line:10% size:19.91% and I saute 'em in butter, puree 'em, use a little cream, 52:40.000 --> 52:43.966 align:start position:18.01% line:10% size:20.06% little tarragon and I make a mushroom soup out of it 52:43.966 --> 52:48.700 align:start position:19.17% line:10% size:18.44% that puts any soup that you buy in a can to shame. 52:48.700 --> 52:51.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:17.73% The oyster mushroom has got a great flavor. 52:51.300 --> 52:53.300 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:15.71% I really enjoy those. 52:53.300 --> 52:55.466 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.2% - That's a good way to cook it because a lot of times 52:55.466 --> 52:59.000 align:start position:23.51% line:10% size:16.62% the texture might not quite be what you want 52:59.000 --> 53:02.100 align:start position:14.03% line:10% size:19.19% if you're just frying them individually, but in that soup 53:02.100 --> 53:06.400 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:24.12% with that flavor where you can pack it in, yeah excellent. 53:06.400 --> 53:08.633 align:start position:15% line:10% size:23.61% Jack has some good recipes. 53:08.633 --> 53:10.400 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.02% - I enjoy mushrooms. 53:10.400 --> 53:14.966 align:start position:21.76% line:10% size:17.87% Tim, this person has a neighbor here in Bozeman 53:14.966 --> 53:19.066 align:start position:16.99% line:10% size:19.19% that's spraying 2,4-D on weeds during a very hot day. 53:19.066 --> 53:21.500 align:start position:29.48% line:10% size:12.05% Will that drift-in harm his tomatoes? 53:21.500 --> 53:22.966 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23.05% That's an excellent question. 53:24.700 --> 53:25.966 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.83% - Yep, you can actually do that. 53:25.966 --> 53:28.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:20% You should be careful on these really hot days, 53:28.466 --> 53:30.300 align:start position:25% line:10% size:15% especially the next couple of days. 53:30.300 --> 53:32.800 align:start position:20.05% line:10% size:18.75% I would not be spraying in the middle of the day 53:32.800 --> 53:35.866 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.25% because it can volatilize and kind of drift around 53:35.866 --> 53:38.300 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:19.81% and don't want to curl up 53:38.300 --> 53:42.433 align:start position:26.95% line:10% size:12.41% your neighbor's tomato plant leaves. 53:42.433 --> 53:43.833 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:23% - Yeah, let me throw this out. 53:43.833 --> 53:48.766 align:start position:15.46% line:10% size:22.9% Most 2,4-D formulations that you buy for home and garden 53:48.766 --> 53:53.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:18.54% or home use is the, not the ethyl formulation, 53:53.333 --> 53:56.000 align:start position:19.71% line:10% size:11.45% but the methyl formulation, but if you use 53:56.000 --> 53:59.733 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.12% the ester formulation, is that more volatile? 54:00.900 --> 54:04.066 align:start position:16.27% line:10% size:19.56% - Yeah, I think the amine formulation is the other one 54:04.066 --> 54:06.633 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:15.81% and it can be, it can be pretty volatile. 54:06.633 --> 54:10.700 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.18% We don't tend to use that in Montana very often 54:10.700 --> 54:13.333 align:start position:27.85% line:10% size:11.96% because of the volatility issues. 54:13.333 --> 54:17.600 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:25.91% We have some tough conditions for applying herbicides. 54:17.600 --> 54:21.333 align:start position:17.75% line:10% size:18.1% We have relatively low humidity and hot sunny days, 54:21.333 --> 54:23.766 align:start position:18.61% line:10% size:17.53% and so for a couple of herbicides that can help, 54:23.766 --> 54:28.466 align:start position:17.18% line:10% size:18.34% but for for a lot of them it makes them more volatile. 54:28.466 --> 54:32.566 align:start position:13.07% line:10% size:17.88% They're more prone to evaporation and volatilization. 54:34.333 --> 54:35.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:10.1% - Thank you. 54:35.233 --> 54:36.666 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.51% We're getting down on time. 54:36.666 --> 54:41.233 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:16.82% Quick answer, Abi, is it too late to spray 54:42.066 --> 54:43.666 align:start position:10% line:10% size:24.01% or to prune their cherry trees? 54:45.600 --> 54:47.933 align:start position:19.56% line:10% size:15% - Yeah, I would not recommend pruning right now 54:47.933 --> 54:49.700 align:start position:27.48% line:10% size:11.35% in the midst of the growing season. 54:49.700 --> 54:54.700 align:start position:15% line:10% size:22.27% You're exposing your plants to potential disease risks. 54:54.700 --> 54:58.500 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.33% - And if you prune too late, you stimulate 54:58.500 --> 55:03.033 align:start position:13.01% line:10% size:24.42% too much new growth and that can become winter susceptible. 55:03.033 --> 55:05.566 align:start position:32.5% line:10% size:9.79% - Absolutely. 55:05.566 --> 55:06.933 align:start position:25.26% line:10% size:12.36% - All right, folks, thank you again 55:06.933 --> 55:08.666 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:20.57% for watching this evening. 55:08.666 --> 55:10.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:19.46% We'll be back next week and next week's show's 55:10.466 --> 55:12.033 align:start position:12.5% line:10% size:22.9% gonna be kind of interesting. 55:12.033 --> 55:15.033 align:start position:17.91% line:10% size:20.16% Our guest will be Kendall Van Dyk, who's director of 55:15.033 --> 55:19.233 align:start position:13.36% line:10% size:22.3% the Montana Land Reliance and our Montana line reliance 55:19.233 --> 55:21.966 align:start position:11.16% line:10% size:22.4% has done a wonderful job of preserving over a million acres 55:21.966 --> 55:25.100 align:start position:26.37% line:10% size:10.94% of agricultural land in this state. 55:25.100 --> 55:26.933 align:start position:22.5% line:10% size:17.23% So join us next week. 55:26.933 --> 55:28.100 align:start position:15% line:10% size:19.74% You'll learn a lot about it. 55:28.100 --> 55:29.333 align:start position:25% line:10% size:17.29% Thanks to everybody. 55:29.333 --> 55:30.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:15.71% Have a great week. 55:30.266 --> 55:31.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:9.43% Good night. 55:33.866 --> 55:35.466 align:start position:18.62% line:79.33% size:18.84% - [Announcer] For more information and resources 55:35.466 --> 55:39.366 align:start position:15% line:86.38% size:23.3% visit MontanaPBS.org/aglive. 55:40.800 --> 55:43.400 align:start position:32.5% line:86.38% size:11.14% (folksy music) 56:10.466 --> 56:12.733 align:start position:10% line:86.38% size:27.66% Montana Ag Live is made possible 56:12.733 --> 56:16.766 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:22.6% by the Montana Department of Agriculture, 56:16.766 --> 56:19.900 align:start position:17.5% line:86.38% size:22.69% the MSU Extension Service, 56:19.900 --> 56:22.300 align:start position:12.5% line:86.38% size:26.55% the MSU Ag Experiment Stations 56:22.300 --> 56:24.733 align:start position:12.5% line:86.38% size:22.9% of the College of Agriculture, 56:24.733 --> 56:27.700 align:start position:23.82% line:79.33% size:15.91% the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, 56:27.700 --> 56:30.000 align:start position:10% line:86.38% size:27.56% the Montana Bankers Association, 56:30.833 --> 56:33.600 align:start position:12.5% line:86.38% size:27.76% Cashman Nursery & Landscaping, 56:33.600 --> 56:35.700 align:start position:15% line:86.38% size:23.1% the Gallatin Gardeners Club, 56:35.700 --> 56:39.033 align:start position:13.04% line:79.33% size:19.66% and the Rocky Mountain Certified Crop Adviser Program.