WEBVTT 00:01.266 --> 00:03.000 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - [Announcer] Montana Ag Live is made possible 00:03.000 --> 00:06.433 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% by the Montana Department of Agriculture. 00:07.733 --> 00:10.033 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% The MSU Extension Service. 00:10.033 --> 00:12.533 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% The MSU Ag Experiment Stations 00:12.533 --> 00:14.666 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% of the College of Agriculture. 00:14.666 --> 00:17.733 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% The Montana Wheat & Barley Committee. 00:17.733 --> 00:20.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% The Montana Bankers Association. 00:20.466 --> 00:23.100 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% Cashman Nursery & Landscaping. 00:23.100 --> 00:25.766 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% And the Gallatin Gardeners Club. 00:27.400 --> 00:30.566 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:39.38% (country banjo music) 00:32.833 --> 00:34.333 align:start position:31.25% line:79.33% size:37.5% ♪ If your herbicides and fungicides 00:34.333 --> 00:36.100 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45% ♪ And pesticides are old 00:36.100 --> 00:37.666 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:54.38% ♪ The veggies you are growing 00:37.666 --> 00:39.700 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% ♪ In your garden start to mold 00:39.700 --> 00:41.266 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:50.63% ♪ If the ants are attacking 00:41.266 --> 00:43.200 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:58.13% ♪ And you're having a hard time 00:43.200 --> 00:46.733 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% ♪ Call Montana Ag Live 00:46.733 --> 00:48.433 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:43.13% ♪ Knapweed in the ditch 00:48.433 --> 00:50.400 align:start position:36.88% line:79.33% size:24.38% ♪ and the old bull's got an itch. 00:50.400 --> 00:54.300 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% ♪ Ticks upon my sheep and the wool is really cheap. 00:54.300 --> 00:55.600 align:start position:23.75% line:84.67% size:52.5% ♪ The gophers in the pasture 00:55.600 --> 00:58.366 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% ♪ are even worse than last year. 00:58.366 --> 01:02.400 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% ♪ Montana Ag Live where are you? 01:11.766 --> 01:12.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - Good evening. 01:12.800 --> 01:15.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Welcome to Montana Ag Live originating tonight 01:15.400 --> 01:17.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% from the studios of KUSM 01:17.700 --> 01:21.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% on the beautiful campus of Montana State University. 01:21.500 --> 01:24.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% I'm Jack Riesselman, retired professor of plant pathology. 01:24.666 --> 01:26.800 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% I'll be your host this evening. 01:26.800 --> 01:28.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% We'll have an interesting show this evening 01:28.566 --> 01:30.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% because we always have a lot of questions 01:30.500 --> 01:33.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% about vertebrate pests and we've got a specialist 01:33.433 --> 01:35.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% here tonight to answer them. 01:35.400 --> 01:37.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% But before we start, let me introduce 01:37.200 --> 01:38.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% the panel this evening. 01:38.600 --> 01:42.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% To my immediate left, you all recognize Dave Baumbauer. 01:42.366 --> 01:45.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Dave is our horticultural specialist tonight 01:45.566 --> 01:48.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and if you have questions about bees also, 01:48.433 --> 01:52.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Dave knows an awful lot about honey bees. 01:52.066 --> 01:54.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Next to Dave is Laurie Kerzicnik. 01:54.033 --> 01:58.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Laurie is an insect pest diagnostician here at MSU. 01:58.366 --> 01:59.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% She does a wonderful job. 01:59.866 --> 02:02.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Questions about insects, get them in tonight. 02:02.500 --> 02:06.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% We'll go through them and cover as many as we can. 02:06.033 --> 02:08.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Clain Jones next to Laurie. 02:08.266 --> 02:12.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Clain is a soil specialist, extension soil scientist. 02:12.366 --> 02:14.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Clain's been here several times. 02:14.333 --> 02:15.900 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% If you have fertilizer questions, 02:15.900 --> 02:18.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% anything like that this evening, 02:18.000 --> 02:19.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% he'll be here to answer them. 02:19.600 --> 02:22.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And our special guest tonight, Steve Vantassel. 02:22.266 --> 02:25.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Steve is with the Montana department of Agriculture. 02:25.266 --> 02:28.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% His specialty and job description 02:28.500 --> 02:32.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% involves vertebrate pest specialties 02:32.100 --> 02:34.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and how to control some of these pests. 02:34.233 --> 02:37.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And the people answering the phone this evening. 02:37.566 --> 02:40.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% From the left, Barb Schaaf, Nancy Blake 02:40.866 --> 02:43.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and y'all recognize Don Mathre. 02:43.100 --> 02:44.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% The phone hasn't started ringing yet. 02:44.466 --> 02:46.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% There's the number. 02:46.066 --> 02:47.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% If you have questions, get them in tonight. 02:47.500 --> 02:49.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% We're gonna cover a lot of questions 02:49.033 --> 02:50.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% during the course of the evening. 02:50.933 --> 02:52.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Before we start, Steve tell us about 02:52.666 --> 02:54.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% what you do for the Department of Agriculture. 02:54.833 --> 02:57.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Well I work with producers and homeowners 02:57.933 --> 03:00.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and anyone who wants to call and ask questions 03:00.333 --> 03:02.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% about how to deal with various vertebrate pests. 03:02.433 --> 03:04.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% A lot of people don't know what vertebrate pest means. 03:04.200 --> 03:06.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% It's an animal with a spine. 03:06.733 --> 03:08.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So I don't do bugs but I will help you 03:08.700 --> 03:11.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% with raccoons, skunks, squirrels, ground squirrels, 03:11.300 --> 03:14.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% prairie dogs and that sort of thing. 03:14.066 --> 03:15.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Well we've always had a lot of questions 03:15.933 --> 03:19.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and before we go any farther, let's clarify something. 03:19.133 --> 03:22.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Everybody goes out with their .22s this time of year 03:22.166 --> 03:24.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and plinks at gophers. 03:24.266 --> 03:26.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Tell us what gophers really are. 03:26.433 --> 03:28.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Well gophers are ground squirrels 03:28.100 --> 03:30.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% so I like to try to get people. 03:30.200 --> 03:32.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So this would be an example of a Richardson ground squirrel 03:32.600 --> 03:34.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and this is a Columbian ground squirrel. 03:34.366 --> 03:36.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% These are the two most common ground squirrels 03:36.766 --> 03:38.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% that we have in the state. 03:38.700 --> 03:40.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% So these are the ones that are really 03:40.000 --> 03:42.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% bothering people so shoot away. 03:43.633 --> 03:45.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% This is a terminal lead velocity 03:45.466 --> 03:47.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% is a very good way of controlling these things. 03:47.966 --> 03:50.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But the reality is that it's gonna take some work 03:50.700 --> 03:54.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but if you're a good shot, you can do a lot. 03:54.766 --> 03:56.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Jack] Which one of the two is most common? 03:56.466 --> 03:58.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Oh the Richardson without a doubt. 03:58.166 --> 04:00.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% It's about 2/3 of the state. 04:00.166 --> 04:03.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% This guy is basically a Rocky Mountain ground squirrel 04:03.066 --> 04:04.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% so you have to be around the Rocky Mountains 04:04.966 --> 04:06.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% in order to have this one. 04:06.100 --> 04:07.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Sounds good. 04:07.033 --> 04:08.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Alright we'll come back to you cause I know 04:08.466 --> 04:10.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% we're gonna have a lot of questions. 04:10.366 --> 04:11.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% We'll start with Laurie. 04:11.800 --> 04:14.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% This question came in from Missoula last week. 04:14.566 --> 04:18.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% This person has a solitary orchard with Mason bees 04:20.766 --> 04:22.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that rest in blocks with straws. 04:22.433 --> 04:24.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Does that make any sense? 04:24.133 --> 04:26.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Yeah I think the Mason's, maybe Dave knows, 04:26.866 --> 04:28.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I forget the exact diameter that Mason bees 04:28.900 --> 04:31.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% use but that would make sense, yes. 04:31.833 --> 04:33.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Well they seem to have an influx 04:33.400 --> 04:35.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% of parasitic insects using these blocks 04:35.633 --> 04:37.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% he's never seen before. 04:37.233 --> 04:39.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% They wanna know is that a function 04:39.600 --> 04:43.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% of a warmer spring or of warmer temperatures over time, 04:43.233 --> 04:45.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% all these parasites showing up? 04:45.366 --> 04:47.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - I think they've been there for awhile. 04:47.666 --> 04:50.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% I don't know if Dave knows a little bit more about that 04:50.100 --> 04:52.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% but I think the parasites are common 04:52.466 --> 04:54.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% with native bees and honey bees 04:54.533 --> 04:57.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and I don't know exactly what parasites those are 04:57.166 --> 04:58.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% and how many the native bees have 04:58.833 --> 05:00.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% but I can definitely get back with them too 05:00.833 --> 05:02.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% on what those are. 05:03.666 --> 05:06.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Her phone number is on the screen 05:06.233 --> 05:07.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and she loves to take calls from everybody. 05:07.800 --> 05:12.533 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So call her directly and she can give you a better answer. 05:12.533 --> 05:15.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Steve, this came in from Great Falls this evening. 05:15.266 --> 05:18.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% They have a gopher digging up a young tree, 05:18.066 --> 05:21.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% what do they do with the gopher to save the tree? 05:21.366 --> 05:23.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I think that's an obvious answer. 05:23.366 --> 05:25.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Well yeah, it would depend 05:25.033 --> 05:27.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% if they were meaning gopher as in a ground squirrel 05:27.133 --> 05:30.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% or they mean gopher as in pocket gopher. 05:30.266 --> 05:32.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So if it's a pocket gopher, trapping, 05:32.633 --> 05:34.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% if you're dealing with just your own yard, 05:34.333 --> 05:36.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% trapping is gonna be a great solution. 05:36.866 --> 05:40.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% You wanna try and find the fresh mound activity 05:40.733 --> 05:43.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and get yourself a good pocket gopher trap and trap it. 05:43.566 --> 05:45.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% There's additional information on how to do 05:45.600 --> 05:48.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% all that in our bulletin available online. 05:48.666 --> 05:51.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Go to the Montana Department of Ag website. 05:51.066 --> 05:53.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But you'd wanna dig it out, go to the main burrow, 05:53.633 --> 05:57.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% set your trap, flag it, use a metal wire, 05:57.000 --> 06:00.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% anchor it with a surveyor's flag and just check it. 06:00.000 --> 06:02.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% You should be able to catch it within a day or two. 06:02.733 --> 06:04.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Sounds good. 06:04.400 --> 06:05.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Clain, from Wolf Creek. 06:05.733 --> 06:07.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Again this came in last week. 06:07.133 --> 06:09.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I'm not sure you're the person that can answer this 06:09.666 --> 06:11.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% but we're gonna give it a shot. 06:11.833 --> 06:14.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Is it possible that there is mineral 06:14.100 --> 06:17.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% in this person's well water that is killing her trees? 06:17.633 --> 06:19.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% They've lost two young apple trees, 06:19.500 --> 06:22.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% one fir and two blue spruce. 06:22.300 --> 06:25.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% The water leaves a grayish residue on the trees 06:25.500 --> 06:27.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and they water every evening. 06:27.666 --> 06:30.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% That may give you a clue too. 06:30.266 --> 06:33.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Certainly things in irrigation water can kill trees. 06:33.200 --> 06:35.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% The main thing would be salts in general. 06:35.766 --> 06:37.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% If you have too many salts, 06:37.300 --> 06:39.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% the tree has to work extra hard to pull up 06:39.733 --> 06:42.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% the water out of the salts essentially. 06:42.400 --> 06:46.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Gray, I'm more used to white if it's salts. 06:46.500 --> 06:48.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - [Jack] It's probably grayish white. 06:48.266 --> 06:49.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Yeah so it might be salty. 06:49.900 --> 06:52.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I would have your water tested 06:52.300 --> 06:54.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and there's a number of labs in Montana 06:54.366 --> 06:57.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% that can test for salt in water. 07:00.300 --> 07:03.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Irrigating every day seems to me 07:03.300 --> 07:05.066 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% maybe to be a little excessive, 07:05.066 --> 07:06.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% what do you guys think? 07:06.600 --> 07:09.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Especially if it is salty water. 07:09.866 --> 07:13.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Could be that they're rotting off the roots 07:13.466 --> 07:14.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% if it's over watered. 07:14.933 --> 07:16.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% A lot of it depends on the soil type 07:16.733 --> 07:20.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and newly established trees, you wanna keep it moist 07:20.133 --> 07:22.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but it probably doesn't require water every day. 07:22.600 --> 07:25.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Maybe every third day would be a recommendation. 07:25.066 --> 07:29.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - It just depends if it's sandy or good soil. 07:29.133 --> 07:32.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% Dave, this is really not your line 07:32.266 --> 07:33.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% but I think you can answer this. 07:33.700 --> 07:38.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% What is the best product to get rid of quack grass in lots? 07:38.566 --> 07:41.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - So that is a challenging task 07:41.500 --> 07:45.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% because any herbicide that's gonna kill quack grass 07:45.200 --> 07:47.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% is also gonna kill your Kentucky blue grass 07:47.933 --> 07:51.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% or your grass lawn so you can do some spot treatments 07:51.100 --> 07:55.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% with glyphosate and then be prepared to reseed. 07:55.200 --> 07:57.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Probably two weeks afterwards. 07:57.466 --> 07:59.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - I did it twice with Roundup. 07:59.166 --> 08:01.700 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Hit it once, watered it, waited 08:03.466 --> 08:05.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and then hit it again and then reseeded. 08:05.466 --> 08:06.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Cause it does have rhizome? 08:06.900 --> 08:09.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - It does have rhizomes and you might not get them all 08:09.033 --> 08:10.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% plus you're gonna get other wheat seeds 08:10.500 --> 08:11.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that come up after that. 08:11.666 --> 08:15.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% The other thing is you can just take cotton gloves 08:15.933 --> 08:18.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and a plastic glove under it and you know. 08:18.733 --> 08:20.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - You could rub it on and that would 08:20.033 --> 08:21.866 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% make the spot smaller but basically 08:21.866 --> 08:24.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% anywhere the glyphosate touches is gonna have some impact. 08:24.666 --> 08:26.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Jack, I've also heard from Toby 08:26.733 --> 08:28.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% at a talk recently that annual crabgrass 08:28.766 --> 08:31.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% is starting to sneak into Montana 08:31.266 --> 08:32.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and there's some similarities. 08:32.633 --> 08:34.266 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% How can people tell the difference 08:34.266 --> 08:36.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% between quack grass and crabgrass? 08:36.866 --> 08:39.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Well one of the easiest ways for me 08:39.300 --> 08:42.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% is crabgrass is not as vigorous or as big 08:44.400 --> 08:49.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and does not have as wide a leaves as the quack grass. 08:49.233 --> 08:52.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Crabgrass will succumb to several crabgrass herbicides. 08:52.366 --> 08:55.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - [Clain] So get it diagnosed first 08:55.100 --> 08:57.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% what you have before you spray. 08:57.766 --> 08:59.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Yeah, exactly, good idea. 08:59.300 --> 09:02.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Steve, from Corvallis, on the western part of the state. 09:02.633 --> 09:04.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% What can they do about Columbian ground squirrels 09:04.900 --> 09:07.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in a pasture and we all know that they are an issue. 09:07.833 --> 09:10.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Well you have a variety of things you can do, 09:10.066 --> 09:13.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% everything from toxicants down to trapping 09:13.000 --> 09:15.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% to shooting so you want to, 09:15.466 --> 09:17.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% if you're gonna use toxicants, 09:17.466 --> 09:19.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% you wanna be sure that they're actively feeding. 09:19.966 --> 09:22.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% There are some anticoagulant baits you can use. 09:22.800 --> 09:25.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Something like Rozol, if you have a pesticide license. 09:25.500 --> 09:27.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% If you don't, you can try Ramik Green, 09:27.500 --> 09:29.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% which is a general use pesticide. 09:29.566 --> 09:31.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% We have a 24C in it. 09:31.166 --> 09:34.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% A 24C label allows you to use the product 09:34.033 --> 09:36.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in ways the federal label doesn't allow you to use 09:36.600 --> 09:39.733 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and I would also encourage you to grab our bulletin 09:39.733 --> 09:42.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% on Columbia ground squirrels from our website. 09:42.433 --> 09:44.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% But those are our three main options. 09:44.233 --> 09:47.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% You want to try, the females should be coming out soon. 09:47.300 --> 09:49.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I was doing some trapping of ground squirrels 09:49.400 --> 09:52.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% about a week or so ago and I thought I saw 09:52.800 --> 09:55.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% some territorial chasing or maybe some mating chasing 09:55.833 --> 09:58.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% so now is going to be a good time to hit them 09:58.400 --> 10:00.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% before you have the young. 10:00.166 --> 10:03.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Steve, why don't raptors do a better job, 10:03.266 --> 10:06.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% I guess, in controlling ground squirrels? 10:06.000 --> 10:07.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Yeah the issue of raptors is that 10:07.400 --> 10:10.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% if you have a really efficient predator, 10:10.166 --> 10:12.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% he's gonna eat himself out of a job 10:12.933 --> 10:16.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% and so they help maybe reduce the rate 10:16.466 --> 10:18.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% of increase of reproduction but they're never 10:18.900 --> 10:21.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% going to eliminate your problem to a level 10:21.733 --> 10:24.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% that you want it to be at. 10:24.000 --> 10:26.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So that's the challenge cause if they're that effective, 10:26.866 --> 10:29.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% they're gonna basically starve to death. 10:29.333 --> 10:31.400 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - So on these anticoagulants, 10:31.400 --> 10:33.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% how much do they have to eat or how often 10:33.200 --> 10:37.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and what's kind of the, how soon do they work? 10:37.500 --> 10:39.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Well if an anticoagulant, 10:39.700 --> 10:43.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% these are first generations that require multiple feedings. 10:43.433 --> 10:45.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Generally they're gonna take two to three days 10:45.733 --> 10:47.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% of feedings before they get a toxic dose 10:47.700 --> 10:50.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and so the fastest they would die is day four. 10:50.266 --> 10:53.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% But you can wait sometimes out to a week or more 10:53.033 --> 10:54.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% for them to get enough. 10:54.700 --> 10:56.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So that's how long it's gonna take 10:56.666 --> 10:59.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% if you're gonna be using an anticoagulant, 10:59.366 --> 11:01.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% at least four days before they start dying. 11:01.433 --> 11:03.466 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - So you use a feeding station. 11:03.466 --> 11:05.766 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% You have to have this bait protected. 11:05.766 --> 11:09.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Right, this would be one that can be used. 11:10.766 --> 11:12.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% The same one you use for a rat. 11:12.833 --> 11:15.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Put the bait inside, anchor it down, put that bait in. 11:15.933 --> 11:17.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Remember it gonna take a couple of days 11:17.600 --> 11:19.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% for them to feel comfortable enough 11:19.300 --> 11:21.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% to get inside to start actively. 11:21.266 --> 11:22.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Then the dominant squirrels are gonna prevent 11:22.100 --> 11:24.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% the non dominants from feeding. 11:24.933 --> 11:27.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So then you got to wait for them to die 11:27.866 --> 11:29.733 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% and then the subordinates come in. 11:29.733 --> 11:31.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - [Dave] So the bullies go first? 11:31.400 --> 11:33.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - The bullies go first, yeah. 11:33.300 --> 11:34.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So you have to be patient. 11:34.700 --> 11:36.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So generally you should start seeing results 11:36.700 --> 11:37.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% in a couple of weeks. 11:37.900 --> 11:39.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - [Dave] Okay so keep this up for a month? 11:39.600 --> 11:41.500 align:start position:42.5% line:10% size:13.13% - Yeah. - It works better 11:41.500 --> 11:43.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% when there's not as much green vegetation out too. 11:43.433 --> 11:44.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Absolutely, you don't wanna have 11:44.866 --> 11:47.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% any food competition at all, if possible. 11:47.700 --> 11:49.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - So the earlier in the year, the better? 11:49.333 --> 11:51.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Yes or when things start to brown. 11:51.166 --> 11:53.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% But with Columbians, they go to hibernation 11:53.500 --> 11:55.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% pretty early so Columbians are tougher 11:55.633 --> 11:57.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% than Richardsons in that regard. 11:57.866 --> 11:58.966 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Sounds good. 11:58.966 --> 12:00.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% A comment came in from Bozeman. 12:00.233 --> 12:01.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Let's see what you guys think about this. 12:01.766 --> 12:04.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Ground squirrels serve as a major food source for raptors. 12:04.966 --> 12:06.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% You were talking about. 12:06.366 --> 12:09.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% If you shoot them, you should not use lead shot. 12:09.366 --> 12:10.766 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% Is that true? 12:10.766 --> 12:13.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - It would be helpful, maybe more expensive for people. 12:13.600 --> 12:15.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% You gotta make sure your gun can handle 12:15.966 --> 12:17.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% that kind of non toxic shot. 12:17.366 --> 12:18.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% But if you are gonna use lead, 12:18.666 --> 12:20.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% it's always better to use non frangible bullets 12:20.933 --> 12:22.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and you'll reduce the amount of lead poisoning 12:22.633 --> 12:27.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% that would occur from scavengers eating the carcasses. 12:27.533 --> 12:29.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - What does that mean, non frangible? 12:29.033 --> 12:30.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Doesn't break up? 12:30.133 --> 12:31.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Doesn't break up as much. 12:31.266 --> 12:32.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% It's a more solid shot. 12:32.566 --> 12:34.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - So the anticoagulant, 12:34.433 --> 12:37.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% is there a risk of secondary exposure? 12:39.533 --> 12:42.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% If a raptor eats- - Yes there is. 12:42.033 --> 12:44.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So if that's a concern, 12:44.433 --> 12:45.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% then you'd wanna start using 12:45.966 --> 12:48.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% a zinc phosphide type bait. 12:48.266 --> 12:51.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Zinc phosphide has a significantly lower risk 12:51.700 --> 12:55.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% of secondary poisoning with zinc phosphide 12:55.400 --> 12:56.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% than the anticoagulant does. 12:56.700 --> 12:59.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% But you're gonna need to have, generally, 12:59.433 --> 13:01.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% a pesticide license to use your zinc 13:01.900 --> 13:03.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and it doesn't have as much flexibility 13:03.200 --> 13:05.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% for people who are home owners or small acreages 13:05.400 --> 13:09.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% cause zinc phosphide's very toxic as an initial. 13:09.300 --> 13:13.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Whatever eats it initially is gonna get hit. 13:13.300 --> 13:15.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - What about cats and dogs 13:15.000 --> 13:17.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that decide to have a secondary lunch? 13:17.533 --> 13:19.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Well the zinc phosphide would be the choice 13:19.533 --> 13:21.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% if that's a concern. 13:21.300 --> 13:23.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Otherwise, remember that the anticoagulants 13:23.333 --> 13:24.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% are weight based. 13:24.500 --> 13:26.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So the bigger the animal is, 13:26.433 --> 13:27.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% the more it has to consume 13:27.500 --> 13:29.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and I would think it's gonna take a lot 13:29.166 --> 13:32.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% for a cat or dog to eat for that to become a problem. 13:32.800 --> 13:34.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Sounds good, thank you. 13:34.100 --> 13:35.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Clain, from Scobey. 13:36.833 --> 13:38.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Now I hear this a lot, it's a good question. 13:38.800 --> 13:41.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Is there any reasons to add nitrogen fertilizer 13:41.533 --> 13:45.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% to pulse crops which fix their own nitrogen? 13:45.966 --> 13:47.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Alright so the pulse crops, 13:47.366 --> 13:48.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% if you haven't heard that term, 13:48.933 --> 13:51.766 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% are things like lentils, peas, chickpeas. 13:51.766 --> 13:54.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% We now grow about a million acres of those 13:54.166 --> 13:57.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% in Montana and generally they're inoculated 13:57.366 --> 14:00.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% with a bacteria that resides on the roots, 14:00.200 --> 14:03.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% forms nodules and takes nitrogen out of the air 14:03.900 --> 14:06.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and puts it into the plant. 14:06.200 --> 14:09.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So generally you do not have to fertilize with nitrogen. 14:09.633 --> 14:12.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% There are a few exceptions where, for example, 14:12.766 --> 14:16.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% there's insects that eat the nodules of the plant 14:16.200 --> 14:18.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and then you can end up with nitrogen deficiency. 14:18.833 --> 14:20.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Sometimes early in the spring, 14:20.700 --> 14:22.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% right as the plant's getting going, 14:22.666 --> 14:24.366 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% there's not a lot of nitrogen there. 14:24.366 --> 14:27.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So a small amount applied near the time of seeding, 14:27.033 --> 14:30.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% five to 10 pounds, can really give that plant a jump start. 14:30.900 --> 14:32.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - Okay sounds good, thank you. 14:32.466 --> 14:35.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% We talked ahead of time about pea weevils. 14:35.600 --> 14:39.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% We're seeing more pea weevils, as I understand, 14:39.266 --> 14:43.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% in peas in this state and I think most people 14:43.333 --> 14:45.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% are now encouraging everybody 14:45.533 --> 14:49.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% to use fungicide and insecticide seed treatment 14:50.533 --> 14:53.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% to give added protection against the pea weevil. 14:53.566 --> 14:54.733 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% Is that true? 14:54.733 --> 14:56.400 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Yeah and the bigger pest right now 14:56.400 --> 14:58.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% is the pea leaf weevil 14:58.966 --> 15:00.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and then there's also pea weevil 15:00.566 --> 15:03.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% but an insecticide coat on the seed 15:03.033 --> 15:05.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% can help really reduce the numbers. 15:05.266 --> 15:06.166 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Sounds good. 15:06.166 --> 15:08.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Laurie, from Helena. 15:08.200 --> 15:10.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% This person has quote, thousands of ants 15:10.900 --> 15:14.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in the area between the foundation and her house. 15:14.900 --> 15:18.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Does she need to get rid of them and if so, how? 15:18.866 --> 15:21.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - That could be, if they're carpenter ants, 15:21.600 --> 15:23.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% yeah she definitely would need to get rid of those. 15:23.233 --> 15:25.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% If they stay outside, that's a good thing 15:25.300 --> 15:26.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% but if they're carpenter ants, 15:26.866 --> 15:29.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% they typically will start outside and move in. 15:29.300 --> 15:32.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So I would really keep an eye on the indoor movement 15:32.366 --> 15:34.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but there might just be a food source right there 15:34.700 --> 15:36.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that they're concentrating on. 15:36.066 --> 15:38.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% We got a lot of field ants that end 15:38.333 --> 15:39.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% kind of in that area there 15:39.766 --> 15:41.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% but carpenter ants are another story. 15:41.666 --> 15:43.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Send some to you and you'll figure it out. 15:43.633 --> 15:45.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Yeah, it depends on what ant species it is. 15:45.900 --> 15:48.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Sometimes it's a concern. 15:48.166 --> 15:49.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Okay sounds good. 15:49.266 --> 15:50.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Steve, this came in from Bozeman 15:50.933 --> 15:53.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and I've lived around Bozeman a long time to know 15:53.733 --> 15:57.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% that we do have a lot of voles in Bozeman. 15:57.000 --> 16:00.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% This person says that traps are too labor intensive, 16:00.100 --> 16:02.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% rat poison did not work. 16:02.533 --> 16:05.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Is there a pesticide or another method 16:05.400 --> 16:08.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that can be used to prevent vole damage. 16:08.533 --> 16:10.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Well with a lot of vertebrate work, 16:10.866 --> 16:12.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% it's not about using the silver bullet tool. 16:12.866 --> 16:15.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% It's about using multiple tools together 16:15.333 --> 16:17.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% at the right time to get the effects 16:17.333 --> 16:18.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that you're looking for. 16:18.400 --> 16:19.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So I would be asking questions about 16:19.800 --> 16:22.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% have you done a proper habitat modification? 16:22.366 --> 16:24.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% One of my favorite phrases; 16:24.200 --> 16:25.533 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% if you build it, they will come. 16:25.533 --> 16:27.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% If you remove it, they will go. 16:27.333 --> 16:29.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% So have you cut the grass properly, 16:29.800 --> 16:31.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% do you have a bird feeder on your property? 16:31.800 --> 16:33.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Bird feeders are just vole magnets. 16:33.966 --> 16:36.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So you're actually creating a problem. 16:36.533 --> 16:39.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I have a publication out there on the web 16:39.566 --> 16:41.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% on how to modify your bird feeder 16:41.200 --> 16:43.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% so that food's not reaching the ground. 16:43.100 --> 16:45.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Just google my name with bird feeder 16:45.133 --> 16:46.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and it'll come up for you. 16:46.233 --> 16:47.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% But otherwise you'd wanna think 16:47.366 --> 16:48.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% about multiple lines of attack, 16:48.966 --> 16:50.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% not just toxicants only, 16:50.733 --> 16:53.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% not just habitat modification only 16:54.433 --> 16:56.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% but multiple lines of attack 16:56.600 --> 16:57.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and then you'll find. 16:57.900 --> 16:59.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Also you're dealing with eruption. 16:59.200 --> 17:00.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% We've had several eruptions here in Montana 17:00.800 --> 17:02.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% so this too shall pass 17:02.833 --> 17:04.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% when the environmental conditions start to change 17:04.766 --> 17:07.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% but for long term control, 17:07.166 --> 17:08.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% you need to start thinking about 17:08.366 --> 17:11.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% the habitat modification along with toxicants. 17:11.066 --> 17:12.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - I agree with that entirely 17:12.333 --> 17:16.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and a good dog that doesn't like voles never hurt either. 17:16.933 --> 17:19.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Dave, from Bozeman, when is a good time 17:19.600 --> 17:21.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% to plant trees in a new yard 17:21.566 --> 17:25.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and do they need to amend the soil and/or stake the trees? 17:26.833 --> 17:29.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Well now's a really good time to plant trees. 17:29.133 --> 17:31.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Probably for the next month 17:31.166 --> 17:33.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and you can probably get more tree for your dollar 17:33.433 --> 17:35.133 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% if you go to the garden center 17:35.133 --> 17:37.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and look for bare root trees 17:37.133 --> 17:39.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% as opposed to those that are potted up. 17:39.466 --> 17:41.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So trees typically come one of three ways. 17:41.300 --> 17:43.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Bare root, just like it sounds, the roots are exposed. 17:43.466 --> 17:46.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% It was dug out of the field when it was dormant 17:46.333 --> 17:48.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and its been stored in the cooler. 17:48.933 --> 17:52.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Then there's containerized trees in a nursery pot. 17:52.033 --> 17:54.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% And then there's also ball and burlap trees, 17:54.166 --> 17:57.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% also dug to get a root ball attached to it. 17:57.933 --> 18:00.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% But you can probably get your best value, 18:00.266 --> 18:02.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% as far as you have a certain amount 18:02.300 --> 18:04.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% of money you want to spend on trees, 18:04.066 --> 18:05.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% by buying bare root trees. 18:05.433 --> 18:08.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Typically we say not to amend the soil 18:08.600 --> 18:10.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% unless it's extremely poor. 18:10.900 --> 18:12.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% You don't want to create that different kind 18:12.900 --> 18:14.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% of physical boundary between this amended soil 18:14.600 --> 18:16.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and your native soil. 18:16.200 --> 18:18.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% And staking the trees is a good idea 18:18.533 --> 18:20.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% at least for the first two years or so. 18:20.166 --> 18:21.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Until that tree gets establish 18:21.633 --> 18:24.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and protected from being damaged from the wind. 18:24.833 --> 18:27.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - What diameter do you start off with with bare root? 18:27.033 --> 18:28.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Or does it not- 18:28.733 --> 18:30.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Well once again, the larger the diameter 18:30.433 --> 18:33.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% typically it costs more but you get a larger tree. 18:33.366 --> 18:36.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% So I would think you'd wanna look 18:36.166 --> 18:38.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% for that inch, inch and a half at the smallest. 18:38.800 --> 18:42.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% That's kind of a nice size to work with. 18:42.000 --> 18:44.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Okay question came in from Big Timber. 18:44.000 --> 18:46.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% We don't have a wheat scientist on panel tonight 18:46.166 --> 18:49.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% but we're gonna have some in the next couple weeks. 18:49.000 --> 18:50.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% They wanna know how to get rid 18:50.633 --> 18:52.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% of cheat grass in pastures, tune in. 18:52.866 --> 18:55.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I do know that there are some herbicides 18:55.233 --> 18:58.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% you can apply in the fall that do a pretty good job 18:58.066 --> 19:02.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and we'll address those in a couple weeks. 19:02.100 --> 19:05.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Steve, this is a good one from Helena. 19:05.400 --> 19:08.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% They want to know how to get rid of foxes. 19:08.033 --> 19:10.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% They have a family in a culvert near the house 19:10.733 --> 19:12.966 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% and it's getting very aggressive, 19:12.966 --> 19:17.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% becoming concerned about the fox itself and their dog. 19:17.966 --> 19:21.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Well without knowing how big your dog is. 19:21.666 --> 19:24.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% If your dog is over 20 pounds, 19:24.200 --> 19:25.866 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I doubt the fox is gonna be 19:25.866 --> 19:28.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% much of a threat to your dog. 19:28.033 --> 19:30.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% If you're looking to get rid of the fox, 19:30.333 --> 19:32.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% one of the things you can do is try to, 19:32.033 --> 19:35.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% you can harass it at the location of its den. 19:36.633 --> 19:40.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So maybe taking some, if you feel comfortable doing this. 19:40.800 --> 19:43.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I can't always predict what an animal's gonna do 19:43.900 --> 19:48.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% but foxes are pretty small so you can take some water, 19:48.466 --> 19:50.766 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% try to put some water down the burrow 19:50.766 --> 19:52.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% to get them to move and if they feel spooked, 19:52.566 --> 19:55.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% they're gonna move to a different location 19:55.000 --> 19:56.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and that may be the simplest way 19:56.933 --> 19:58.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% for you to resolve that particular problem. 19:58.966 --> 20:02.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Otherwise you're looking at trapping to remove that 20:02.966 --> 20:05.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% so I would probably suggest a box trap, 20:05.466 --> 20:07.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% commonly known as a cage trap, 20:07.266 --> 20:10.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% then you would bait that with something 20:10.366 --> 20:12.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% you think the fox would like, like chicken, 20:12.700 --> 20:15.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and then just make sure you're ready to catch a skunk 20:15.166 --> 20:17.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% because people when they use cage traps 20:17.233 --> 20:20.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% always think that the skunk doesn't, 20:20.200 --> 20:22.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% the skunk can't read the sign. 20:22.100 --> 20:24.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So make sure you're prepared to deal with that 20:24.033 --> 20:27.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and there's publications I have for that as well for you. 20:27.000 --> 20:29.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - I'm told that if you get a skunk 20:29.066 --> 20:30.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% in one of these cage traps, 20:30.366 --> 20:32.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% you can walk up to it and pick it up 20:32.066 --> 20:35.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and put it inside of a gunny sack and carry it off. 20:35.500 --> 20:38.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - You can depending on how urbanized your skunk is 20:38.466 --> 20:40.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% but I would recommend people to be covering 20:40.666 --> 20:44.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% their cage traps prior to that particular problem. 20:44.166 --> 20:46.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% So I always tell people to cover 20:46.000 --> 20:48.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% your cage traps at least 50%. 20:48.200 --> 20:50.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% That allows you a blind side to come to the trap 20:50.833 --> 20:52.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% so if you do catch a skunk 20:52.533 --> 20:54.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% you can then cover the rest of it 20:54.533 --> 20:56.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% without being worried about being sprayed. 20:56.833 --> 20:58.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - I think I would probably look at 20:58.166 --> 21:00.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% another solution for myself. 21:01.800 --> 21:03.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% From Manhattan, Clain, this person 21:03.466 --> 21:07.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% has attended MSU Field Days in the past 21:07.000 --> 21:08.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and they have a busy schedule. 21:08.966 --> 21:11.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% They'd like to know where they can find out 21:11.200 --> 21:15.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% the schedule for the research Field Days are this year. 21:15.833 --> 21:17.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - The College of Agriculture, 21:17.300 --> 21:19.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Montana Ag Experiment Station site. 21:19.333 --> 21:22.266 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% I think it's agresearch.montana.edu 21:24.133 --> 21:26.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% has the list of the six field days for Manhattan, 21:26.700 --> 21:29.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% the closest to the Manhattan location 21:29.500 --> 21:31.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% would be the Post Farm field day 21:31.366 --> 21:34.866 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% which is Friday, July 7th and it starts at eight am 21:34.866 --> 21:37.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% at the Post Farm, four miles west of Bozeman. 21:37.933 --> 21:39.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Okay thank you. 21:39.666 --> 21:41.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% From Helena, good question. 21:42.966 --> 21:45.833 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% Please address hantavirus and deer mice. 21:45.833 --> 21:48.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Do we have it in the Helena area? 21:48.333 --> 21:49.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I know they have deer mice. 21:49.966 --> 21:51.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And should they be concerned? 21:51.600 --> 21:54.033 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Yes whenever you have deer mice 21:54.033 --> 21:56.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% you should be concerned about hantavirus. 21:56.300 --> 21:59.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% The CDC is gonna be your go to place for that. 21:59.966 --> 22:03.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% But when I talk to people about hantavirus 22:03.200 --> 22:05.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% or any type of deer mice, you wanna be sure 22:05.266 --> 22:07.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that you're never sweeping up droppings. 22:07.500 --> 22:11.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% You wanna make sure you're treating the droppings 22:11.266 --> 22:14.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% as potential vectors of hantavirus 22:14.433 --> 22:16.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% so you could use Lysol, you could use 10% bleach. 22:16.966 --> 22:19.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% You wanna mop up things, you wanna air out the room. 22:19.600 --> 22:22.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% But the CDC has some very basic steps 22:22.200 --> 22:24.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% of how you'd clean something up. 22:24.233 --> 22:26.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So never just simply sweep up droppings 22:26.366 --> 22:28.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% that look like mice droppings 22:28.566 --> 22:30.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% because you don't know if they're house mouse 22:30.233 --> 22:31.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% or whether they're deer mouse 22:31.466 --> 22:33.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and we have deer mice across the entire state. 22:33.233 --> 22:36.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So that's very important to protect yourself from that. 22:36.200 --> 22:38.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - And they're pretty common in forest service cabins? 22:38.600 --> 22:39.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% That's where I always worry about them. 22:39.833 --> 22:41.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Oh yeah, we have a very high rate 22:41.966 --> 22:44.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% of hantavirus exposure given our population size 22:44.466 --> 22:46.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% in the state so absolutely if you're, 22:46.666 --> 22:49.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I think that's why we have such a high. 22:49.466 --> 22:52.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% People have this cabin, they go in the spring 22:52.700 --> 22:54.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% to sort of clean it out and I think that's where 22:54.966 --> 22:56.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% they're exposing themselves. 22:56.900 --> 22:59.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% So follow those instructions from the CDC 22:59.166 --> 23:00.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and they're not very complicated. 23:00.733 --> 23:02.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Sounds good, good question. 23:02.633 --> 23:06.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% From Billings, Dave and I don't know this one myself. 23:06.666 --> 23:08.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% What is vermicompost and how 23:08.933 --> 23:11.833 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and why do gardeners use it? 23:11.833 --> 23:12.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% First of all, what is it? 23:12.900 --> 23:16.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - So vermicompost is compost produced by worms 23:21.800 --> 23:23.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and you would use it, 23:23.500 --> 23:26.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% it's fairly expensive if you think about, 23:26.833 --> 23:30.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and it's worm droppings so how much droppings is a worm, 23:30.566 --> 23:33.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% it's a fairly labor intensive process 23:33.800 --> 23:37.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% so it's fairly expensive and so it's commonly used 23:37.266 --> 23:39.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% in seed starting mixes. 23:39.133 --> 23:42.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% The interest in it is so many 23:42.066 --> 23:44.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% of our seed starting mixes are sold as sterile 23:44.633 --> 23:47.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% or essentially sterile and there's some research 23:47.233 --> 23:50.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% to suggest that adding a microbial component 23:50.066 --> 23:54.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% so vermicompost is a pretty clean way to do that. 23:55.066 --> 23:58.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% That you're reintroducing some microbial activity 23:58.500 --> 24:01.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% to your potting mix without the risk 24:01.466 --> 24:05.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% of weed seeds or pathogens or things like that. 24:06.666 --> 24:09.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Now I know, I won't have to ask again. 24:09.000 --> 24:10.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - When's your birthday, Jack? 24:10.466 --> 24:11.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% I'll get you a bag. 24:11.466 --> 24:13.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - I can't remember any more. 24:13.666 --> 24:17.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% From Bozeman, actually Madison County questions, Steve. 24:17.933 --> 24:20.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% This person wants to get rid of badgers, any suggestions? 24:20.233 --> 24:22.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Get rid of their prey. 24:22.266 --> 24:24.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% No prey, no badger. 24:24.233 --> 24:26.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So if they're feeding on ground squirrels, 24:26.466 --> 24:27.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% control the ground squirrels. 24:27.600 --> 24:29.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% If they're feeding on pocket gophers, 24:29.333 --> 24:30.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% remove the pocket gophers 24:30.966 --> 24:32.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and that'll get rid of your badger. 24:32.400 --> 24:35.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% That's gonna be the easiest way to go. 24:35.700 --> 24:37.366 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Sounds good. 24:37.366 --> 24:38.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Laurie, from Billings. 24:38.500 --> 24:40.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% This person would like a recommendation 24:40.033 --> 24:42.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% on an insect field guide suitable 24:42.333 --> 24:45.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% for someone who is a master gardener. 24:45.700 --> 24:47.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - I would recommend Whitney Cranshaw, 24:47.300 --> 24:49.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% there are a lot of different field guides 24:49.633 --> 24:51.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% but Whitney Crashaw has The Garden Insects of North America 24:51.900 --> 24:53.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% which it's a pretty thick book 24:53.100 --> 24:57.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but I think you can get it for $25, $30 on Amazon 24:57.033 --> 24:59.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% or wherever and he actually is coming out 24:59.200 --> 25:00.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% with a new edition so if you could hold off 25:00.700 --> 25:02.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% for just a little bit, I would wait. 25:02.233 --> 25:04.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% But you can go back to the host 25:04.166 --> 25:06.300 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and it'll describe the problems 25:06.300 --> 25:08.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and list all the insects that are in there 25:08.200 --> 25:09.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and beautiful pictures. 25:09.133 --> 25:10.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% I know he works really hard on that. 25:10.566 --> 25:12.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% That's my standard. 25:12.866 --> 25:14.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - I always like pictures to identify things 25:14.833 --> 25:18.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and keys were always a little foreign to me. 25:18.533 --> 25:19.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Yeah that's very user friendly. 25:19.866 --> 25:21.766 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% That's the one I'd recommend. 25:21.766 --> 25:23.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Okay sounds good. 25:23.833 --> 25:25.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% From Laurel, Clain. 25:27.266 --> 25:29.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% This person says it's warmed up considerably 25:29.266 --> 25:32.300 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% and I have seen in that area, 25:32.300 --> 25:34.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% the spring wheat and barley's up already. 25:34.800 --> 25:37.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But they have grass that is really greening up. 25:37.133 --> 25:38.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% I assume it's in a yard. 25:38.400 --> 25:40.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Should they fertilize now or wait? 25:40.733 --> 25:41.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - I would wait. 25:41.600 --> 25:44.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% This is Montana and it could be cold 25:44.200 --> 25:45.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% for the rest of April. 25:45.666 --> 25:49.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% And generally turf grass has a decent amount 25:49.033 --> 25:53.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% of nitrogen to get that turf through a few weeks 25:53.533 --> 25:57.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% to maybe a month before it needs fertilizer. 25:57.300 --> 25:59.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So I would probably way until May. 25:59.700 --> 26:01.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% I think now is a little too eager. 26:01.400 --> 26:03.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - I agree, I don't like to mow that much myself. 26:03.733 --> 26:06.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - Right, it does create more mowing. 26:06.133 --> 26:08.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - Interesting question, Steve. 26:08.633 --> 26:10.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% A visitor here from Boulder. 26:10.766 --> 26:12.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Welcome to Montana. 26:12.366 --> 26:15.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% As I say visit but don't stay 26:15.200 --> 26:17.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% but I don't really mean that. 26:17.666 --> 26:21.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% No seriously we welcome visitors here. 26:21.300 --> 26:24.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% This person lives adjacent to a lot of prairie dogs. 26:24.333 --> 26:27.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% They're concerned about plague. 26:27.166 --> 26:29.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% Is that a legitimate concern? 26:29.233 --> 26:30.766 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Yeah it is. 26:30.766 --> 26:32.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Plague does affect prairie dogs 26:32.833 --> 26:35.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and also kills humans as well. 26:35.200 --> 26:38.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% There was a recent death in Colorado in 2015 26:38.300 --> 26:40.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% where a 16 year old died. 26:40.333 --> 26:42.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% The key there is you can always treat 26:42.700 --> 26:44.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% the prairie dogs for fleas, 26:44.900 --> 26:46.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% is one thing that's actually done 26:46.466 --> 26:47.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% in some parts of the country 26:47.666 --> 26:49.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% to protect black footed ferrets for instance. 26:49.933 --> 26:52.033 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% But the key is avoidance. 26:53.500 --> 26:57.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So fleas jump four inches, I think that's correct. 27:01.466 --> 27:04.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So you wanna stay away, don't be roaming around. 27:04.500 --> 27:06.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Also make sure your pets aren't gonna be 27:06.866 --> 27:09.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% roaming around in that area because they could 27:09.233 --> 27:10.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% bring the fleas back to you as well. 27:10.500 --> 27:12.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% And then monitor your health. 27:12.233 --> 27:13.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% So if you're starting to feel sick, 27:13.866 --> 27:15.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% don't just assume it's the flu, 27:15.133 --> 27:19.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% especially if you've seen the prairie dogs disappear. 27:19.233 --> 27:20.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% The prairie dogs could disappear pretty quickly 27:20.966 --> 27:23.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% when plague hits them, in a couple of weeks. 27:23.466 --> 27:24.766 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% So if you're starting to see that 27:24.766 --> 27:26.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and you're feeling sick, you need to 27:26.333 --> 27:28.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% get to the doctor and tell them plague is a possibility. 27:28.933 --> 27:30.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - While I have you up, we have another question here 27:30.933 --> 27:33.200 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% from Billings concerning prairie dogs. 27:33.200 --> 27:35.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% This person obviously owns some ground 27:35.400 --> 27:38.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% that they want to sell and they would like to know 27:38.433 --> 27:40.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% do they have to move prairie dogs 27:40.633 --> 27:43.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and relocate them before development? 27:44.833 --> 27:47.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% He was told that this is required 27:47.400 --> 27:49.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% in many parts of Colorado and Utah. 27:49.800 --> 27:51.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Yeah, not in Montana, no. 27:51.700 --> 27:53.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% You'd have to get some permissions 27:53.700 --> 27:55.966 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% to be moving prairie dogs around. 27:55.966 --> 27:57.666 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% So don't move prairie dogs around 27:57.666 --> 28:00.766 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% but you're allowed to certainly remove them permanently 28:00.766 --> 28:04.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% as we would say, if you desire to do that. 28:04.966 --> 28:06.066 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Okay sounds good. 28:06.066 --> 28:07.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Laurie, from Kalispell. 28:07.533 --> 28:09.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% How do you get rid of stink bugs 28:09.233 --> 28:11.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in their house and porch? 28:11.400 --> 28:12.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% No problems 20 years ago 28:12.833 --> 28:14.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and now they've become a huge problem. 28:14.833 --> 28:16.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - So those probably aren't stink bugs. 28:16.566 --> 28:18.733 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Those are probably western conifer seed bugs 28:18.733 --> 28:20.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and they look a lot like a stink bug 28:20.300 --> 28:22.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% but they're really bad home invaders. 28:22.166 --> 28:25.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% We had a lot of seed production on our conifers 28:25.500 --> 28:30.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% so we had a huge western conifer seed bug population 28:30.400 --> 28:33.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% this year especially up in Kalispell. 28:33.300 --> 28:34.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% So I would just try to wait it out 28:34.666 --> 28:36.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and they don't reproduce inside the home 28:36.533 --> 28:37.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% even though it seems like it. 28:37.933 --> 28:39.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% So just vacuum them up. 28:39.500 --> 28:41.400 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% They look kind of awkward when they're in the house 28:41.400 --> 28:44.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and everything but they have piercing, sucking mouth parts 28:44.466 --> 28:46.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% but they not assassin bugs. 28:46.500 --> 28:48.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% A lot of people think they are 28:48.366 --> 28:50.733 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% so they really don't bite humans. 28:50.733 --> 28:52.333 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% So just try to hold out this year 28:52.333 --> 28:53.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and I don't think we'll have 28:53.400 --> 28:55.033 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% as high a population this next coming year. 28:55.033 --> 28:56.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - You mentioned another bug 28:56.200 --> 28:58.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and we have a question here from Winnett. 28:58.166 --> 29:02.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% They have an infestation of assassin bugs every spring. 29:02.600 --> 29:05.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Why and what do they do about it? 29:05.633 --> 29:07.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - You might need to send something in to Schutter Lab 29:07.833 --> 29:09.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% to make sure that's not an assassin bug. 29:09.900 --> 29:11.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Assassin bugs really do bite 29:11.400 --> 29:12.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and a lot of people are really concerned 29:12.833 --> 29:16.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% about assassin bugs and they're also concerned 29:16.266 --> 29:20.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% with the disease that they vector called Chagas disease 29:20.700 --> 29:22.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and we don't have the three species 29:22.700 --> 29:27.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% that vector Chagas disease but it'd be important 29:27.333 --> 29:28.633 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% to try to figure out what that is 29:28.633 --> 29:30.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% but that might also be the western conifer seed bug 29:30.500 --> 29:32.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% because if you go online, it looks almost 29:32.266 --> 29:34.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% exactly like the assassin bug. 29:34.033 --> 29:36.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Send them to the Schutter Diagnostic Lab, 29:36.100 --> 29:39.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% MSU, Bozeman, 59717. - That's right. 29:39.733 --> 29:41.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% You know that address. 29:41.133 --> 29:42.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Dave, from Laurel. 29:44.566 --> 29:46.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% This person would like to know if it's too early 29:46.733 --> 29:50.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% to plant irises that she dug up last fall. 29:50.633 --> 29:51.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - I would think so. 29:51.733 --> 29:53.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I would probably wanna wait for another month or so. 29:53.200 --> 29:56.266 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% You get some 20 degree nights, 29:56.266 --> 29:58.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% I would think that would be, 29:58.066 --> 30:00.600 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% injury would be susceptible. 30:00.600 --> 30:02.500 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% It'd be susceptible to injury. 30:02.500 --> 30:05.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Steve, this question came in from Alberton. 30:05.766 --> 30:07.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% I think it's the first time 30:07.033 --> 30:08.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% we've had a question from Alberton. 30:08.500 --> 30:11.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% They have seven acres with a huge problem 30:11.766 --> 30:15.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% of pocket gophers, wants to put in an orchard. 30:16.466 --> 30:20.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% How do they control the pocket gophers? 30:20.166 --> 30:23.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - With seven acres, you could do trapping. 30:23.700 --> 30:26.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Otherwise you're looking at some toxicants. 30:26.866 --> 30:29.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So hand baiting with toxicants 30:29.100 --> 30:30.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% might be the most efficient method 30:30.766 --> 30:32.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% then follow up maybe with some trapping. 30:32.900 --> 30:35.266 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% I would suggest, you have a variety. 30:35.266 --> 30:37.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% You have zinc phosphide, you have strychnine 30:37.133 --> 30:38.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and you have anticoagulants. 30:38.800 --> 30:41.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So I would say yes to all of that. 30:41.800 --> 30:43.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Especially if you're dealing with alfalfa. 30:43.500 --> 30:45.233 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% You're gonna have to really work hard 30:45.233 --> 30:46.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% to get rid of them if you try to plow that under. 30:46.966 --> 30:48.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% If you wanna reduce your workload, 30:48.666 --> 30:51.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% get rid of the grass or whatever you have growing there 30:51.933 --> 30:54.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and then no food, no pocket gopher. 30:54.400 --> 30:56.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Make sure you have everything cleaned out 30:56.833 --> 30:58.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% before you put in the orchard 30:58.233 --> 31:00.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and I would do something to protect the roots 31:00.033 --> 31:02.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% because you'll probably have reinvasion in the future 31:02.466 --> 31:04.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% so you might want to put some sort 31:04.500 --> 31:07.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% of a screening base underneath your root system. 31:07.333 --> 31:10.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Have it come up above the ground at least 12 inches 31:10.000 --> 31:13.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% to prevent pocket gophers from attacking those roots 31:13.433 --> 31:15.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% cause they can really devastate your trees. 31:15.633 --> 31:17.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - I head you mention a name I've heard a lot 31:17.833 --> 31:20.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% in the past and this question in from Livingston 31:20.666 --> 31:22.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% so we'll address it right now. 31:22.433 --> 31:24.333 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Strychnine, what's the use of strychnine? 31:24.333 --> 31:25.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% What's the restrictions now 31:25.733 --> 31:27.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and does it work to control pocket gophers 31:27.966 --> 31:29.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and ground squirrels? 31:29.033 --> 31:31.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Yes it does work for pocket gophers. 31:31.200 --> 31:35.366 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% It is only legal for pocket gophers in below ground use. 31:36.366 --> 31:37.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So if you're using strychnine 31:37.933 --> 31:40.566 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% for ground squirrels or voles or prairie dogs, 31:40.566 --> 31:43.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% those are illegal uses of strychnine. 31:43.800 --> 31:45.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% It is only allowed for below ground use 31:45.833 --> 31:47.833 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% for pocket gophers only. 31:49.033 --> 31:50.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Okay good to know. 31:50.233 --> 31:51.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Clain, from Missoula. 31:51.633 --> 31:55.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% This person has a large vegetable garden 31:55.200 --> 31:59.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and they hear a lot of conflicting recommendations 31:59.433 --> 32:03.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% relative to fertilizing their vegetable garden. 32:03.333 --> 32:05.933 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Do you want to give them some advice? 32:05.933 --> 32:07.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - I have a couple documents out there. 32:07.566 --> 32:10.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Mont Guide on Soil Test Interpretation 32:10.966 --> 32:13.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% for the Home Gardener and I also have 32:13.900 --> 32:15.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% what's called a soil scoop 32:15.566 --> 32:18.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% which is a scaled down version, just a front and a back, 32:18.166 --> 32:20.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% it gets right to the point. 32:20.233 --> 32:23.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Both of those can be found on my soil fertility website 32:23.900 --> 32:27.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% that you can find by googling Clain, C L A I N 32:27.633 --> 32:31.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and soil and it's usually the top hit there. 32:31.000 --> 32:34.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So soil scoop called Feeding the Vegetable Garden 32:34.566 --> 32:36.666 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% or a mock guide on the same topic. 32:36.666 --> 32:37.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Okay sounds good. 32:37.766 --> 32:39.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Dave, from Lewistown. 32:39.766 --> 32:42.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Obviously they have a lot of horses 32:42.566 --> 32:44.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% in the Lewistown area as they do 32:44.133 --> 32:45.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% in a lot of parts of Montana 32:45.900 --> 32:48.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and they save the horse manure for their garden. 32:48.433 --> 32:51.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Is it better to apply this in the fall 32:51.566 --> 32:55.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and the spring and how much should they put on? 32:55.666 --> 32:58.066 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - Wow that's a good question. 32:58.966 --> 33:00.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% If it's your horse manure, 33:00.433 --> 33:02.433 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% so you know what the feed stocks were 33:02.433 --> 33:05.066 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% then there's a couple concerns here. 33:05.066 --> 33:06.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% One, you can overdo it. 33:06.533 --> 33:11.366 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Too much salt and this is your turf so jump in at any time. 33:11.366 --> 33:13.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Then the other concern, if you don't know 33:13.166 --> 33:16.666 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% the source of the manure and what the animals were fed, 33:16.666 --> 33:21.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% we're always concerned about residual herbicides 33:21.133 --> 33:23.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and some of them hang around for a long time. 33:23.666 --> 33:25.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% For years and some of them actually even 33:25.533 --> 33:27.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% survive the composting process. 33:27.333 --> 33:31.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% So you really should, if you think you're gonna put manure 33:32.700 --> 33:35.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% or any kind of an amendment that has a potential 33:35.766 --> 33:39.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% for herbicide residues, you should take a little bit 33:39.200 --> 33:41.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% of your soil, add some of the manure, 33:41.033 --> 33:43.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% mix it up, put some susceptible plant seeds in there 33:43.866 --> 33:46.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% like tomato and green beans and grow them up 33:46.466 --> 33:48.233 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and see what happens before you. 33:48.233 --> 33:49.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Because once you put it on, 33:49.700 --> 33:52.566 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% it's really hard to get it out. 33:52.566 --> 33:54.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% I prefer a fall application just so that 33:54.800 --> 33:56.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% if it hasn't fully composted, 33:56.433 --> 33:58.066 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% it has a chance to do that 33:58.066 --> 33:59.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and there's some guidelines 33:59.766 --> 34:03.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% if you're a commercial grower, like an organic grower, 34:03.033 --> 34:05.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% you have to have a certain number of days 34:05.400 --> 34:08.333 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% between manure application and harvest. 34:08.333 --> 34:10.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% I wanna say it's like 120 days. 34:10.166 --> 34:11.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So fall applications make a lot of sense. 34:11.900 --> 34:16.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% How do you figure how much nitrogen's in there? 34:16.533 --> 34:18.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - The best way would be send in a sample 34:18.800 --> 34:21.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% or use the internet to get a rough range, 34:21.633 --> 34:24.233 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% an average for how much nitrogen, 34:24.233 --> 34:27.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% phosphorus and potassium are in horse manure. 34:27.066 --> 34:28.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [Jack] It's not very high as I recall. 34:28.666 --> 34:30.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - No because they're not ruminants, 34:30.300 --> 34:32.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% they basically are pooping out grass. 34:32.700 --> 34:36.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% It's not heavily digested like in a cow 34:36.000 --> 34:38.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and so it probably isn't very high. 34:38.433 --> 34:41.033 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - [Jack] Chicken seems to be the best 34:41.033 --> 34:42.366 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% if you have a bunch of chickens. 34:42.366 --> 34:44.266 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Right but chicken manure can be hot 34:44.266 --> 34:45.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% meaning it has a lot of ammonia 34:45.600 --> 34:48.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% so it's best to compost chicken manure 34:48.133 --> 34:49.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% before you apply it. 34:49.833 --> 34:52.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Ammonia can kill seedlings. 34:52.233 --> 34:53.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Okay sounds good. 34:53.433 --> 34:54.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% We got that out of the way. 34:54.766 --> 34:56.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Steve, from Missoula. 34:56.633 --> 34:58.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% I've heard of this before. 34:58.500 --> 35:02.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% This person found a bat in their bedroom when they woke up. 35:02.900 --> 35:04.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% Number one, should they panic? 35:04.833 --> 35:06.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I would, not really. 35:08.800 --> 35:11.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Is that a problem and what would they do about it? 35:11.966 --> 35:13.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - It is a concern. 35:13.400 --> 35:14.900 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% One thing we tell people to do 35:14.900 --> 35:17.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% is to make sure you capture that bat. 35:17.800 --> 35:20.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Because if you wake up in a room with a bat, 35:20.366 --> 35:22.966 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% you don't know whether the bat bit you or not. 35:22.966 --> 35:24.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Well wouldn't I know? 35:24.000 --> 35:25.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Well not necessarily. 35:25.800 --> 35:28.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% If you were awake, you would know 35:28.000 --> 35:30.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% but if you're sleeping and you wake up 35:30.233 --> 35:32.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and you see a bat it could be you woke up 35:32.300 --> 35:33.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% because the bat bit you. 35:33.733 --> 35:34.833 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So don't assume you're gonna know that. 35:34.833 --> 35:36.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So you wanna capture that bat in a way 35:36.466 --> 35:38.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% that doesn't damage the brain. 35:38.466 --> 35:40.700 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So no tennis rackets folks. 35:40.700 --> 35:42.400 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Don't hit it with a tennis racket. 35:42.400 --> 35:45.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% So take a piece of Tupperware, take some gloves, 35:45.866 --> 35:48.266 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Tupperware, wait for it to land, 35:48.266 --> 35:49.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% put it over the bat and scoop it up inside 35:49.966 --> 35:52.533 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% then contact our local health department. 35:52.533 --> 35:54.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% They will interview you to determine 35:54.733 --> 35:57.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% whether that bat needs to be tested for rabies 35:57.300 --> 35:59.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and they'll take it from there. 35:59.333 --> 36:01.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Okay bats a common problem 36:01.900 --> 36:04.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% in houses in this state? - Yes. 36:05.400 --> 36:08.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Yeah alright I kind of recognize that. 36:09.633 --> 36:10.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - So part of my goal is to get the word out 36:10.966 --> 36:13.166 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% to people to treat it seriously. 36:13.166 --> 36:14.633 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% It's not the end of the world 36:14.633 --> 36:16.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% but when you're dealing with a human exposure, 36:16.600 --> 36:18.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% it's a lottery. 36:18.233 --> 36:19.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Most bats are not rabid. 36:19.866 --> 36:22.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But it's a lottery you don't wanna win if it is. 36:22.700 --> 36:26.200 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% So that's why there's this concern. 36:26.200 --> 36:27.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So ultimately you can find out 36:27.700 --> 36:31.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% if the bat tested positive then they can do the shots. 36:31.566 --> 36:33.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% If it's negative, that saves you the money 36:33.266 --> 36:35.900 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% of having to get the shots. 36:35.900 --> 36:37.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - [Jack] And the discomfort. 36:37.300 --> 36:39.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - The discomfort isn't as bad as it used to be 36:39.166 --> 36:40.866 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% so all the horror stories you heard. 36:40.866 --> 36:43.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% The first shot is the one that hurts the most 36:43.200 --> 36:44.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% it's called the gammaglobulin. 36:44.733 --> 36:46.566 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% That one's based on weight. 36:46.566 --> 36:49.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% So the more you weigh, the more you get. 36:49.133 --> 36:52.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% But otherwise it's nowhere near what it used to be. 36:52.333 --> 36:53.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Okay, sounds good. 36:53.866 --> 36:55.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Laurie, from Helena. 36:55.500 --> 36:58.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% Earwigs in the spring in the garden. 36:58.933 --> 37:01.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% They don't want them anymore 37:02.233 --> 37:04.233 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% so how would you get rid of them. 37:04.233 --> 37:05.333 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - That's a tough one. 37:05.333 --> 37:07.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Definitely they come back every year. 37:07.600 --> 37:09.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% They really don't like moisture. 37:09.433 --> 37:10.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% You have to do something 37:10.666 --> 37:13.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% to keep that area free of moisture 37:13.166 --> 37:14.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% or give them somewhere else to hide. 37:14.666 --> 37:16.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% So give them some corrugated cardboard 37:16.800 --> 37:19.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% or roll up a newspaper and wet it down 37:19.566 --> 37:21.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and try to give them somewhere like that. 37:21.333 --> 37:25.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% Cause they're just looking for a place to hide 37:25.133 --> 37:27.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and that would be a good way to get rid of them. 37:27.233 --> 37:29.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But we had a bad earwig year last year too 37:29.400 --> 37:31.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% so they'll be back. 37:31.000 --> 37:35.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% They also eat aphids too so they're not terrible. 37:36.466 --> 37:38.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% But could go either way on that one. 37:38.800 --> 37:39.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% But nobody likes them. 37:39.633 --> 37:41.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% I don't like them myself. 37:41.300 --> 37:42.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - They're not particularly attractive bugs. 37:42.500 --> 37:44.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - No they're not. 37:44.166 --> 37:46.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Anyway to keep them out of your corn patch 37:46.100 --> 37:47.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% or out of your cob? 37:47.500 --> 37:49.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - That's the worst report. 37:49.433 --> 37:52.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% They love corn. - [Clain] Anything to do? 37:52.100 --> 37:55.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - Well not really, just live with it. 37:55.800 --> 37:58.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Okay from earwigs to blue spruce. 38:00.800 --> 38:03.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% This person has a windbreak of about 50 trees. 38:03.233 --> 38:06.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% They're about 25 years old so they're well established. 38:06.533 --> 38:08.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% One tree started to have needles turn brown 38:08.733 --> 38:10.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% from the trunk out. 38:10.666 --> 38:12.500 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Now there's another one starting to have needles 38:12.500 --> 38:14.600 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% turn brown from the trunk out. 38:14.600 --> 38:17.333 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Any idea why or what can they do? 38:18.766 --> 38:20.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Natural needle cast? 38:22.733 --> 38:24.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - I think they would've seen it before. 38:24.600 --> 38:26.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - Yeah you would think so. 38:26.266 --> 38:30.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - So conifers do shed needles and so I think 38:30.766 --> 38:33.700 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% it varies on genus as far as how long 38:33.700 --> 38:36.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% a needle lives before they're shed. 38:38.033 --> 38:40.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% That's a good question. 38:40.066 --> 38:41.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - We have a tough time with spruces. 38:41.533 --> 38:43.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% They come into the Schutter lab all the time 38:43.000 --> 38:45.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% with similar symptoms of browning in some way. 38:45.600 --> 38:47.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% When you have a windbreak like that 38:47.400 --> 38:50.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% when you have 50 trees, they're probably extremely stressed. 38:50.333 --> 38:52.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% They need a lot of supplemental water 38:52.466 --> 38:54.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and they're great for a windbreak 38:54.933 --> 38:56.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% but they also suffer that way 38:56.666 --> 38:58.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that they don't get any extra water. 38:58.733 --> 39:02.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - If they're close together, you can root girdling too 39:02.233 --> 39:06.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% which will cause some inner needles to start to drop off. 39:06.266 --> 39:10.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% So if they planted them too close, that's a possibility. 39:10.433 --> 39:12.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% From Choteau, Steve. 39:12.100 --> 39:14.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% This person wants to know 39:14.300 --> 39:16.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% if there's a biological control for prairie dogs 39:16.700 --> 39:19.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% such as a virus or anything else. 39:20.533 --> 39:23.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Well plague is the big one but don't move it. 39:23.800 --> 39:25.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% People have asked me where they can find plague 39:25.866 --> 39:27.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% so they can go move it to their location. 39:27.866 --> 39:31.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% That's a violation of federal law because it's a, 39:31.366 --> 39:34.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% that's like a domestic terrorism type thing. 39:34.166 --> 39:37.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But no there is nothing that's gonna be available 39:37.533 --> 39:41.266 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% to the public to use that's a biological control. 39:41.266 --> 39:42.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Okay sounds good. 39:42.333 --> 39:45.000 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Clain, this person from Townsend 39:46.966 --> 39:51.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% has heard conflicting reports on how much nitrogen 39:51.600 --> 39:53.966 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% is needed to produce a bushel of wheat. 39:53.966 --> 39:56.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% You want to clarify roughly the amount 39:56.766 --> 39:58.433 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% of nitrogen per bushel of wheat? 39:58.433 --> 40:01.066 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Spring wheat by the way. 40:01.066 --> 40:02.633 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - Sure so when we talk nitrogen 40:02.633 --> 40:03.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% we're talking available nitrogen 40:03.933 --> 40:06.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% so that means the amount of nitrogen in the soil 40:06.966 --> 40:09.566 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% plus the amount that you fertilize 40:09.566 --> 40:12.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% should be about 2.5 pounds of nitrogen 40:12.400 --> 40:14.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% per bushel of winter wheat 40:14.000 --> 40:18.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and about 3.3 pounds of N per bushel of spring wheat. 40:19.000 --> 40:23.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% The reason I moved away from that a little bit 40:23.100 --> 40:25.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% is, of course, depends on the price of wheat 40:25.433 --> 40:28.833 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% which is low right now and also the cost of fertilizer. 40:28.833 --> 40:31.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So I recommend using an economic model 40:31.200 --> 40:32.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% which I have on my website, 40:32.500 --> 40:34.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% An Economic Nitrogen Rate calculator. 40:34.766 --> 40:36.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% When protein discounts are high, 40:36.833 --> 40:38.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I might recommend four pounds of nitrogen per bushel. 40:38.966 --> 40:42.133 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% When protein discounts are low and wheat prices are low, 40:42.133 --> 40:43.800 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I might recommend two pounds. 40:43.800 --> 40:46.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% So your bottom line is more important 40:46.133 --> 40:48.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% than your yield and that's why I recommend 40:48.500 --> 40:50.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% moving a little bit away from those pounds 40:50.700 --> 40:53.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% of N per bushel which maximize yield 40:53.600 --> 40:56.566 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% but don't necessarily maximize profit. 40:56.566 --> 40:58.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - Okay sounds good, thank you. 40:58.700 --> 41:01.133 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% This is one of my all time favorite questions. 41:01.133 --> 41:03.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% Ever since I've sat in that chair. 41:03.533 --> 41:07.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% It came in from Libby and it's for Clain or David. 41:07.366 --> 41:10.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% They want to know is mink manure as hot as chicken manure? 41:10.666 --> 41:13.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - [David] This is definitely Clain's. 41:13.433 --> 41:15.100 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% Clain has this one down. 41:15.100 --> 41:18.800 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - This is definitely the animal specialist's question. 41:18.800 --> 41:20.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Well they have access to a large quantity, 41:20.600 --> 41:24.500 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% obviously a mink farmer and they would like an answer. 41:24.500 --> 41:26.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Anybody have a guess. 41:26.266 --> 41:28.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - I would get it tested. 41:28.900 --> 41:33.566 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% - I don't think we know cause that's not a common question. 41:33.566 --> 41:37.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Okay Clain, it's not your area specifically 41:40.000 --> 41:42.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% but you can provide some guidance. 41:42.100 --> 41:46.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% From Missoula, the landlord used a very harsh herbicide, 41:46.233 --> 41:49.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% does not say what, to control weeds in the yard. 41:49.866 --> 41:51.900 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% How can a renter get soil tested 41:51.900 --> 41:55.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% for pesticide residue before he plants a garden. 41:55.200 --> 41:56.666 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - That's a tough one. 41:56.666 --> 41:58.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% The main lab that I know that does it 41:58.500 --> 42:00.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% is the Montana Department of Agriculture Lab 42:00.600 --> 42:02.966 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% on campus but it's not cheap. 42:02.966 --> 42:05.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Analyzing herbicides in soil 42:05.733 --> 42:08.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% can be a few hundred dollars. 42:08.166 --> 42:11.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I'd be a little more inclined to try David's bioassay. 42:11.733 --> 42:14.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% See if plants can grow in the soil 42:14.966 --> 42:18.800 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% before resorting to a few hundred dollar cost. 42:20.233 --> 42:21.500 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Sounds good. 42:21.500 --> 42:23.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Laurie, you brought a bunch of dead stuff in. 42:23.600 --> 42:25.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% You wanna tell us what it is? 42:25.233 --> 42:26.866 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - I brought some live stuff too. 42:26.866 --> 42:28.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% I think I'm gonna go to that 42:28.033 --> 42:29.733 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% because it's a little bit more exciting. 42:29.733 --> 42:31.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So this is one of my pets 42:31.333 --> 42:33.900 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and I see David is moving away from me, 42:33.900 --> 42:36.100 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% which this one's actually pretty friendly. 42:36.100 --> 42:39.466 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - [David] I've heard that before. 42:39.466 --> 42:42.366 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - So this is a giant African, gosh, 42:44.433 --> 42:45.866 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% now I can't remember. 42:45.866 --> 42:46.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - [Jack] Why don't you hold it Dave? 42:46.800 --> 42:48.533 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - [Dave] No way. 42:48.533 --> 42:49.866 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - This is a vinegaroon. 42:49.866 --> 42:51.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% I forgot what it was for a second there. 42:51.133 --> 42:52.533 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I don't know if you can see it 42:52.533 --> 42:54.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% crawling up my hand here. 42:54.100 --> 42:56.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% It's usually not held up high enough. 42:56.466 --> 42:57.800 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% There we go. 42:57.800 --> 42:59.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So this would actually be, 42:59.633 --> 43:00.533 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% we don't have these here in Montana. 43:00.533 --> 43:01.966 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% But it's call a vinegaroon 43:01.966 --> 43:03.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% because it will shoot out acetic acid 43:03.166 --> 43:06.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% which is basically vinegar, out of its tail 43:06.033 --> 43:07.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and use that as a defense. 43:07.366 --> 43:10.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% It eats insects and other arachnids. 43:11.933 --> 43:15.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So this is an arachnid and it'll grow pretty large 43:15.000 --> 43:17.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% but it's a very docile creature. 43:17.333 --> 43:20.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% I could let it hang out on my arm all day. 43:20.700 --> 43:22.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% It's not gonna do anything. 43:22.200 --> 43:23.933 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So this is my new favorite pet 43:23.933 --> 43:26.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and again we don't have these in Montana. 43:26.100 --> 43:27.600 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - [Clain] Too bad. 43:28.533 --> 43:29.600 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Yeah too bad for all the people 43:29.600 --> 43:31.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% that wanna go get a pet. 43:33.800 --> 43:34.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - [David] You know there were puppies 43:34.666 --> 43:36.733 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% at the sports shop, I have to say it. 43:36.733 --> 43:38.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - These are much easier. 43:41.866 --> 43:43.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Is that scales on that? 43:43.466 --> 43:45.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Yeah I was gonna talk about this as well. 43:45.666 --> 43:48.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% I was pruning my catoni asters 43:48.033 --> 43:50.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and catoni asters have smooth bark. 43:54.166 --> 43:57.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% This is actually covered with a scale 43:57.000 --> 43:59.166 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% called oyster shell scale 43:59.166 --> 44:01.500 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and it's pretty much every branch 44:01.500 --> 44:05.000 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% on my catoni aster was dead and if you look up closely, 44:05.000 --> 44:07.100 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% you probably need a hand lens to see it, 44:07.100 --> 44:09.133 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% you scrape them off and there are thousands 44:09.133 --> 44:10.666 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% and thousands of these scales. 44:10.666 --> 44:12.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% So these kind of numbers, 44:12.533 --> 44:14.633 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% they're definitely gonna kill your branches 44:14.633 --> 44:16.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% and you're gonna have major die back. 44:16.466 --> 44:18.366 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% You can use a horticulture oil right now 44:18.366 --> 44:21.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% to take care of them because the eggs 44:21.633 --> 44:24.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% will actually over winter under the shell of the mother, 44:24.333 --> 44:28.766 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% they're kind of a strange insect but they will, 44:28.766 --> 44:31.333 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% right now is a good time to treat them. 44:31.333 --> 44:33.300 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% If they're left untreated, 44:33.300 --> 44:35.300 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% they could pretty much take over your whole. 44:35.300 --> 44:36.466 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% - You wanna do it pretty quick 44:36.466 --> 44:38.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% because you want it while the tree is totally dormant. 44:38.700 --> 44:39.700 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Yes you do. 44:39.700 --> 44:42.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - So if it's already starting to break bud, 44:42.300 --> 44:45.833 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% it's too late for the dormant oil, 44:45.833 --> 44:49.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% is there a more ultra refined horticulture oil 44:49.266 --> 44:51.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% is that also effective? 44:51.466 --> 44:53.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% - You can use that but the problem 44:53.200 --> 44:55.966 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% with the oyster shell scale is they have a crawler stage. 44:55.966 --> 44:57.466 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% That's the only time they're active. 44:57.466 --> 45:00.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So if you miss the dormant stage of the plant, 45:00.666 --> 45:03.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% then you're actually going to have to wait 45:03.400 --> 45:04.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% for the crawlers to become active 45:04.866 --> 45:06.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% which would be late May or so 45:06.433 --> 45:08.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% and you have to take a piece of paper 45:08.366 --> 45:10.733 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% and shake the branch a little bit 45:10.733 --> 45:13.433 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% to test for the crawlers that are about pin sized. 45:13.433 --> 45:15.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% And you could use another oil then 45:15.666 --> 45:19.866 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% but you have to make sure you contact the scales themselves. 45:19.866 --> 45:22.666 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Okay Steve, and I'm not sure we can answer this 45:22.666 --> 45:24.433 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% but we'll give it a shot. 45:24.433 --> 45:25.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% It's from Billings. 45:25.633 --> 45:27.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% For the past two falls, we've found two 45:27.300 --> 45:32.033 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% to two and a half inch holes near the house foundations, 45:32.033 --> 45:34.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% near the concrete base of the house. 45:34.300 --> 45:35.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% They live in a town. 45:35.666 --> 45:38.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Do you have any idea what might be making these holes 45:38.566 --> 45:40.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% about two to two and a half inches in diameter 45:40.700 --> 45:43.333 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and if so, what can they do 45:43.333 --> 45:46.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% to prevent whatever's doing it? 45:46.133 --> 45:49.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - Well I would assume if you had ground squirrels, 45:49.400 --> 45:51.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% you would've seen them 45:51.366 --> 45:52.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% because they're coming out during the day. 45:52.700 --> 45:53.833 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% The fact that you're not seeing them 45:53.833 --> 45:57.033 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% suggests to me that you might be dealing with a rat. 45:57.033 --> 46:00.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Norway rat, so that would be my initial guess. 46:00.100 --> 46:02.833 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% In terms of what you can do with it, 46:02.833 --> 46:05.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% certainly you can use traps. 46:05.233 --> 46:07.200 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% You can also use various toxicants, 46:07.200 --> 46:09.900 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% there's a whole host of toxicants for Norway rat. 46:09.900 --> 46:12.266 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% You know sometimes a trail camera 46:12.266 --> 46:14.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% can be quite helpful when you have a situation 46:14.200 --> 46:16.233 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% where you're not exactly sure, 46:16.233 --> 46:18.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% just stick a trail camera out there 46:18.100 --> 46:19.333 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and you can know pretty quickly. 46:19.333 --> 46:20.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% If you can't afford that you can also 46:20.666 --> 46:23.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% put in talcum powder around that hole 46:23.800 --> 46:26.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% and look for tracks and then take a picture of it, 46:26.600 --> 46:28.966 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% send it to me and I'll do my best 46:28.966 --> 46:31.166 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% to try to evaluate what that is for you. 46:31.166 --> 46:33.566 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:22.5% But also you sometimes have holes 46:33.566 --> 46:35.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% that just simply collapse in the soil 46:35.000 --> 46:36.833 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% because maybe things are settling. 46:36.833 --> 46:39.533 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Sometimes builders try to backfill with old things 46:39.533 --> 46:40.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and those are rotting over time. 46:40.966 --> 46:44.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Sometimes just backfill the hole just with loose soil 46:44.766 --> 46:47.700 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and see if that hole gets reopened 46:47.700 --> 46:51.133 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% and that'll be another clue that it's actually active. 46:51.133 --> 46:53.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - Sounds good, good answer. 46:53.300 --> 46:55.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Laurie, from Bozeman. 46:55.100 --> 46:56.700 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% This person wants to know 46:56.700 --> 46:59.700 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% how she can control ants in her lawn 47:01.600 --> 47:04.200 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% without poisoning her dog. 47:04.200 --> 47:05.566 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Well there's a lot of things you could do 47:05.566 --> 47:06.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% but like I just said before, 47:06.933 --> 47:10.733 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% the two most common ants that we have in our yard 47:10.733 --> 47:12.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% are field ants and carpenter ants. 47:12.766 --> 47:14.800 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% You could start off with some baits 47:14.800 --> 47:16.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% that you get at the hardware store 47:16.166 --> 47:17.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% just to see where they're coming from. 47:17.766 --> 47:20.300 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% And actually the baits themselves 47:20.300 --> 47:23.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% usually the ants will take to the bait 47:23.000 --> 47:25.200 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and then there's a poison inside the bait 47:25.200 --> 47:28.666 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and it takes it probably several weeks for that to work 47:28.666 --> 47:31.700 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% because they come back to the nest and clean themselves. 47:31.700 --> 47:33.166 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% So I would start off that way 47:33.166 --> 47:36.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% because you can keep the bait stations 47:36.233 --> 47:37.466 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% away from the animals. 47:37.466 --> 47:38.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% You can just put them in areas you know 47:38.766 --> 47:40.166 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% your dog's not gonna be 47:40.166 --> 47:41.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and as long as they can't reach them 47:41.466 --> 47:42.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% they'll be fine that way. 47:42.933 --> 47:44.266 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Sounds good, thank you. 47:44.266 --> 47:47.033 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Clain, another manure question. 47:47.033 --> 47:48.966 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% How about pig manure, is that hot 47:48.966 --> 47:51.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% or is that low nitrogen? 47:51.466 --> 47:54.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Intermediate so it's between chicken and steer. 47:54.500 --> 47:57.600 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% It has more ammonia than dairy manure 47:58.733 --> 48:01.000 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% and it has less than chicken manure. 48:01.000 --> 48:04.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Again the best thing likely is to send it 48:04.000 --> 48:06.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% to a laboratory that can test 48:06.033 --> 48:07.433 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% how much ammonia is in there. 48:07.433 --> 48:11.400 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% How much total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 48:11.400 --> 48:14.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% so that you don't under or over apply. 48:14.533 --> 48:18.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Interesting question, combination of 48:20.300 --> 48:25.233 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% This person had the EPA, which took out lots of gardens 48:25.233 --> 48:27.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% and hauled out dirt and brought back 48:27.366 --> 48:30.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in clay replacement soil. 48:30.233 --> 48:32.566 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% They said get baby shampoo 48:32.566 --> 48:35.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and put on clay soil to soften. 48:35.133 --> 48:37.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% When they did that, they grew thistles, 48:37.300 --> 48:39.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% now they have lizards and tree frogs. 48:39.366 --> 48:40.466 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% Nothing grows. 48:40.466 --> 48:43.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% Put in potting soil but nothing else helps. 48:43.866 --> 48:45.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Any suggestions there? 48:45.633 --> 48:47.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% It's a tough question. 48:47.166 --> 48:49.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - Yeah I would probably bring in new soil 48:49.366 --> 48:52.000 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% if nothing else is growing there unfortunately. 48:52.000 --> 48:55.666 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - They ought to call you because you're just 48:57.533 --> 48:59.933 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% replacing good topsoil with clay soil 48:59.933 --> 49:02.133 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% isn't probably the best thing to do. 49:02.133 --> 49:06.433 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Yeah it depends why nothing's growing there. 49:06.433 --> 49:10.100 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Laurie, blister beetles in their garden 49:10.100 --> 49:11.933 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% on several different plants. 49:11.933 --> 49:15.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% They caused the blisters on hands of family members. 49:15.300 --> 49:16.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% What to do about them? 49:16.766 --> 49:17.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Oh blister beetles. 49:17.633 --> 49:19.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% Well when those come out, those come out in groups 49:19.366 --> 49:21.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% and I think you can use any sort 49:21.200 --> 49:23.500 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% of contact insecticide to take care of those. 49:23.500 --> 49:25.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% It depends on what time of year 49:25.100 --> 49:29.266 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% and basically I think we have the gray blister beetle. 49:33.300 --> 49:34.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% Yeah I haven't really heard of too many complaints 49:34.733 --> 49:39.233 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% about them hurting people but contact insecticide 49:39.233 --> 49:40.766 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% would work as long as you could catch them 49:40.766 --> 49:43.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% in the right area. 49:43.033 --> 49:47.233 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Steve, from Lincoln, what type of product 49:47.233 --> 49:50.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% should they use to control wood rats 49:50.000 --> 49:52.200 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% or pack rats, they call them. 49:52.200 --> 49:54.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - You know there's not toxicants registered 49:54.166 --> 49:57.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% for the control of wood rats, also called pack rats. 49:57.533 --> 49:59.466 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% So you're gonna have to use snap traps 49:59.466 --> 50:03.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% or cage traps to control your wood rats. 50:03.400 --> 50:07.333 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% If there is a demand for getting a toxicant for that, 50:07.333 --> 50:09.433 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% definitely drop me an email. 50:09.433 --> 50:12.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% I've put a request out before and only got one person 50:12.733 --> 50:16.000 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% who wanted us to get a 24C for wood rats. 50:16.000 --> 50:18.133 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But otherwise if that's something of an interest 50:18.133 --> 50:21.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% in the state, we will pursue a 24C to a toxicant 50:21.166 --> 50:23.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% but otherwise there's no toxicants allowed for wood rats. 50:23.700 --> 50:24.866 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% - What is a 24C? 50:24.866 --> 50:27.700 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% - 24C is a special needs permit that allows us 50:27.700 --> 50:30.333 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% a little more flexibility than the restrictions 50:30.333 --> 50:34.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% that are on the federal label that allow people 50:34.300 --> 50:36.033 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:54.38% in Montana to use a pesticide 50:36.033 --> 50:38.600 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% beyond what the federal label restricts it to. 50:38.600 --> 50:40.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Okay thank you. 50:42.633 --> 50:46.966 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% Yellow jackets, they heard they eat honeybees, is that true? 50:46.966 --> 50:49.366 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - I think maybe the western yellow jacket 50:49.366 --> 50:51.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% would eat almost anything because they're scavengers 50:51.900 --> 50:54.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% but yeah it depends on the wasp. 50:59.666 --> 51:01.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - They wanna know what they can plant 51:01.000 --> 51:04.900 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in their garden tomorrow, here in Bozeman. 51:04.900 --> 51:06.466 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% - Right so if you can work the soil, 51:06.466 --> 51:10.400 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% you can put peas in, radishes, lettuce, 51:10.400 --> 51:13.433 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% kale, spinach - [Clain] Onion 51:13.433 --> 51:15.266 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Probably some onion. 51:18.966 --> 51:21.200 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% All those kind of cold hearty leafy greens. 51:21.200 --> 51:25.633 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% All the Asian greens are fairly cold hardy, peas. 51:25.633 --> 51:27.633 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% Some of those aren't going to germinate 51:27.633 --> 51:30.166 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% until the soil warms up but some of them, 51:30.166 --> 51:34.500 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% spinach and lettuce, they'll probably germinate 51:34.500 --> 51:36.466 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% and you might want to have some floating row cover 51:36.466 --> 51:38.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% on hand so if it's gonna get, once again, 51:38.566 --> 51:41.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% in the low 20s, you could cover up your seed bed 51:41.633 --> 51:44.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% with a floating row cover and would maybe 51:44.300 --> 51:45.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% buy you a little protection. 51:45.466 --> 51:47.166 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - Do you know what the all time record low 51:47.166 --> 51:49.000 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% for Bozeman was today? 51:50.300 --> 51:52.600 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - I'll guess probably minus 22. 51:52.600 --> 51:54.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% - Not quite, minus teens. 51:54.633 --> 51:56.733 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So it can still get cold here. 51:56.733 --> 51:59.300 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% But that was years ago. 51:59.300 --> 52:02.933 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Before we had a bunch of traps that you had. 52:03.966 --> 52:05.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% I want you to show the people a few of these 52:05.900 --> 52:08.933 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% and it goes with a question from Saco 52:08.933 --> 52:12.200 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% on how to control voles and some of the other things 52:12.200 --> 52:15.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% that we might use for rodent control. 52:16.566 --> 52:18.000 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Sounds like you got all kinds of stuff down there. 52:18.000 --> 52:19.833 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% - It's a lot of stuff in my job. 52:19.833 --> 52:21.066 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% A lot of stuff. 52:21.066 --> 52:24.100 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% So voles was the question? - Yeah 52:24.100 --> 52:26.900 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% - Well this is a vole box that's created 52:26.900 --> 52:29.766 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% sometimes people are concerned about traps 52:29.766 --> 52:33.633 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% hitting non targets and so this is something you could do. 52:33.633 --> 52:35.666 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% Voles often create trails in the grass 52:35.666 --> 52:40.233 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% so you simply line it up so that they'll come through here 52:40.233 --> 52:43.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% and then just put a bunch of snap traps in like that. 52:43.500 --> 52:46.400 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Notice I'm using expanded trigger traps. 52:46.400 --> 52:48.633 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% If you have a choice, these are always better 52:48.633 --> 52:50.233 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% than the metal ones. 52:50.233 --> 52:51.833 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% So always use expanded trigger 52:51.833 --> 52:53.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% and that's one way to do it. 52:53.066 --> 52:54.366 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% If you don't wanna go through all this work, 52:54.366 --> 52:56.533 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% you can simply get a large board, 52:56.533 --> 52:58.533 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% put it up on some bricks 52:58.533 --> 53:00.166 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% and just sort of angle it like that. 53:00.166 --> 53:01.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% Put your traps underneath there. 53:01.933 --> 53:03.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% What do you bait them with? 53:03.633 --> 53:04.766 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% Peanut butter. 53:04.766 --> 53:07.300 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% If you have actually nice clear trails 53:07.300 --> 53:08.666 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% you don't even need bait at all 53:08.666 --> 53:11.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% just simply place the trap so that it's perpendicular 53:11.933 --> 53:16.100 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% so that the vole just simply steps on this and gets snapped. 53:17.433 --> 53:19.433 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% They're not smart. 53:19.433 --> 53:20.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - Okay sounds good. 53:20.900 --> 53:24.600 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% Voles have always been a big issue in areas 53:24.600 --> 53:26.733 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% that have lots of snow cover during the winter time. 53:26.733 --> 53:29.300 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% And Bozeman is one of those cities 53:29.300 --> 53:32.800 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% that have extensive wintertime snow cover. 53:33.766 --> 53:35.566 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I do know we have plenty of voles. 53:35.566 --> 53:37.400 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - Plenty of voles in the state. 53:37.400 --> 53:41.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% - I've had good luck with strawberry 53:41.133 --> 53:43.400 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% - Really for catching voles? 53:43.400 --> 53:46.366 align:start position:38.75% line:10% size:20.63% What brand? - Bubblelicious. 53:46.366 --> 53:48.000 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% You should've seen the looks I got 53:48.000 --> 53:50.433 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% when I put a receipt into the accountant. 53:50.433 --> 53:52.600 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% For 12 packs of bubblegum? 53:55.566 --> 53:56.466 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% - I haven't heard that. 53:56.466 --> 53:58.033 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% I think you might find peanut butter 53:58.033 --> 54:01.066 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% a little cheaper for you but I'm up for trying bubblegum. 54:01.066 --> 54:03.633 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% - We'll have to do a trial. 54:03.633 --> 54:07.033 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% - We've done that with beer for slugs in gardens 54:07.033 --> 54:11.200 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and there was a preferred brand of beer so you never know. 54:12.200 --> 54:14.700 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% Alright we're running a little short of time. 54:14.700 --> 54:16.866 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% This is what I wanna get on, I'm curious. 54:16.866 --> 54:18.300 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% This came from Stevensville. 54:18.300 --> 54:20.200 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Laurie, they think they have an infestation 54:20.200 --> 54:24.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% of ladybugs in their house for the first time, why? 54:24.366 --> 54:26.766 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% I don't think it'd be ladybugs would it? 54:26.766 --> 54:27.966 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:24.38% - Yeah that's really interesting. 54:27.966 --> 54:29.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% So I know other states have had 54:29.133 --> 54:31.600 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% the multicolored Asian lady beetle 54:31.600 --> 54:33.400 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% and we haven't really had that reported here 54:33.400 --> 54:36.100 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:39.38% but they come in mass numbers in other states. 54:36.100 --> 54:38.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:28.13% That would be a good one to either 54:38.133 --> 54:39.900 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% send me a picture of or try to get a sample 54:39.900 --> 54:41.366 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% because that's not typical 54:41.366 --> 54:43.066 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% to have a lady beetle infestation 54:43.066 --> 54:45.133 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% and it could be carpet beetles, 54:45.133 --> 54:47.500 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% it could be something else that lives inside the homes. 54:47.500 --> 54:49.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% But now this is when all the over wintering insects 54:49.366 --> 54:52.066 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% are waking up but having that type 54:52.066 --> 54:54.066 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% of lady beetle infestation is kind of odd 54:54.066 --> 54:56.500 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:33.75% so I tend to think it'd be something else. 54:56.500 --> 54:58.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:35.63% - A sample would be good, out of curiosity. 54:58.200 --> 54:59.933 align:start position:20% line:10% size:58.13% - A sample would be good, yeah. 54:59.933 --> 55:01.200 align:start position:31.25% line:10% size:37.5% - Clain, we got just a couple seconds. 55:01.200 --> 55:05.100 align:start position:21.88% line:10% size:56.25% When do you start to fertilize winter wheat in the state? 55:05.100 --> 55:08.933 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:48.75% - I see people fertilizing winter wheat at seeding 55:08.933 --> 55:10.766 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% so back in September/October 55:10.766 --> 55:13.533 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% and going all the way into late April. 55:13.533 --> 55:15.100 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% I recommend the later the better 55:15.100 --> 55:17.800 align:start position:25.62% line:10% size:46.88% because the nitrogen gets used more efficiently 55:17.800 --> 55:19.500 align:start position:20% line:10% size:60% but I recognize a lot of farmers 55:19.500 --> 55:22.133 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% don't have a lot of time in spring 55:22.133 --> 55:24.066 align:start position:29.38% line:10% size:41.25% and so that's why they fertilize earlier. 55:24.066 --> 55:24.900 align:start position:36.88% line:10% size:26.25% - Sounds good. 55:24.900 --> 55:25.800 align:start position:33.12% line:10% size:31.88% Folks, thank you. 55:25.800 --> 55:26.933 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Thank the entire panel. 55:26.933 --> 55:30.166 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:50.63% It was kind of entertaining and I learned a lot tonight. 55:30.166 --> 55:32.966 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:43.13% Steve thanks for coming down, we appreciate it. 55:32.966 --> 55:34.366 align:start position:27.5% line:10% size:45% We'll be back next week. 55:34.366 --> 55:37.733 align:start position:35% line:10% size:30% Kevin McFee, pea breeder, lentil breeder 55:37.733 --> 55:40.466 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% for Montana State University will be the guest. 55:40.466 --> 55:44.800 align:start position:23.75% line:10% size:52.5% Join in, we'll be back, 5:30 to six o'clock next week. 55:44.800 --> 55:45.633 align:start position:40.62% line:10% size:18.75% Goodnight. 55:46.933 --> 55:50.200 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% (moderate banjo music) 56:16.300 --> 56:18.100 align:start position:29.38% line:79.33% size:39.38% - [Announcer] Montana Ag Live is made possible 56:18.100 --> 56:22.166 align:start position:25.62% line:79.33% size:46.88% by the Montana Department of Agriculture. 56:22.166 --> 56:24.566 align:start position:25.62% line:84.67% size:48.75% The MSU Extension Service. 56:24.566 --> 56:26.900 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% The MSU Ag Experiment Stations 56:26.900 --> 56:29.166 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% of the College of Agriculture. 56:29.166 --> 56:31.566 align:start position:33.12% line:79.33% size:31.88% The Montana Wheat & Barley Committee. 56:31.566 --> 56:34.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% The Montana Bankers Association. 56:34.466 --> 56:37.366 align:start position:21.88% line:84.67% size:56.25% Cashman Nursery & Landscaping. 56:37.366 --> 56:40.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% And the Gallatin Gardeners Club. 56:40.600 --> 56:43.866 align:start position:29.38% line:84.67% size:41.25% (electric guitar riff)