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Making it Grow is brought to you 
in part by

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the South Carolina Department 
of Agriculture.

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Certified South Carolina grown 
helps consumers identify

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find and buy South 
Carolina products.

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McLeod Farms in McBee 
South Carolina.

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This family farm offers 
seasonal produce,

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including over 22 
varieties of peaches.

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Additional funding 
provided by International

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Paper and the South 
Carolina Farm Bureau

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Federation and Farm 
Bureau Insurance.

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♪

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Well, hello and welcome to 
making it grow here we

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are another Tuesday night 
so glad to be with you

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even though it's a little 
different than the way we

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used to be. And we are 
still hoping to give you

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answers to questions that 
you might be pondering

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and to show you some of 
the wonderful things that are

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happening in South 
Carolina. My name is

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Amanda McNulty and I'm a Clemson 
horticultural agent

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and joined with other 
people that know a lot

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more than I do, which 
makes my job so easy.

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And I want to welcome from 
Beaufort, my friend Laura Lee

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Rose. Laura Lee and I grew up in 
the same town, city now

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Columbia, our parents were 
friends and we really enjoyed

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renewing our friendship. 
Laura Lee it's been

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delightful and tell me how are 
things down there in Beaufort.

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Things are beautiful 
down here in Beaufort.

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We've had some 
unusually cool weather

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for June. And so yeah, 
it's been gorgeous.

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The water temperature is 
lovely. I went paddling with my

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granddaughter yesterday. 
And we went swimming, fell in on

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purpose a couple of times. 
(laughs) Well, Clara is a mighty

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nice little girl and I'm 
glad that you all

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get to spend some time together. 
That's terrific.

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Zack Snipes is a Fruit and 
Vegetable Specialist and

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he works with the growers 
rather than the

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homeowners although he 
has a lot of information

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that can help all of us. 
Zack you're at the

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Coastal Research and 
Education Center and I

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imagine y'all still have 
some trials going on do you?

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Yeah with everything going on 
right now, luckily our

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watermelon's coming in. So it's 
been a nice treat. We grow

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a lot of watermelons at the 
station and I'm doing a

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lot of work deer work. 
So we've seen a lot of

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deer damage farm this 
year. And it's getting

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worse when you have areas of 
development. We're doing a lot

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of deer damage studies to see 
how we can mitigate that really

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estimate some of the yield 
losses and things we have but

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It's great. It's a 
good place and

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you know we get to take home a 
whole lot of produce.

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We also donated a lot of produce 
to the local food ministries.

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Well, that's wonderful 
because we

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from everything we're reading 
here, there's been

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such exaggerated pressure on 
everybody who's trying to

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help families who are in need 
as this continues to be

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such a problem for us.

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Terasa Lott is over in 
Darlington. Terasa is among

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used to be a Storm Water, 
Storm Research Agent and

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she really has an infinity 
for those topics.

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But now she's taking on 
the mantle of trying to

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keep all the master 
gardener programs

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coordinated and reminding 
people I think Terasa,

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they don't need to worry 
about getting hours in

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right now. A lot of things 
we do for nothing. They are.

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It's been a difficult 
time for our master gardeners

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who are normally very 
active helping to carry

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on the mission of Clemson 
Cooperative Extension we don't

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want them to worry and fret. 
We understand that in

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person volunteering just isn't 
safe at this time.

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So we definitely have relaxed 
those normal requirements and

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encourage them to put 
their health and well

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being as their top priorities. 
Terasa you and Vicky Bertagnolli

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and Sean and every now then 
and then I'll remember

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that I'm supposed to do 
social media too.

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Yeah I do so much on our 
Facebook page and you

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a while back started 
asking people to share

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the fruits of their labor 
visually by sending

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some pictures of what 
they like about their yard

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and what we've been 
working on. Have you

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got some to share with us this 
week? We sure do. This has

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turned into what we call 
the gardens of the week.

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I think of it of like a 
virtual field trip

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around the state, sometimes out 
of state. So let's take a

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look. We're going to start 
in Columbia with Abbye

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Hope Smith. She's shared a 
collage that includes

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perennial hibiscus in between 
some vegetables growing

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in her yard. 
Angie D'Amato of

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Murrells Inlet sent us a 
photograph she calls her Zen

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garden. And I sure can 
see why I would

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feel very Zen if my garden 
looks like that as well.

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Red Bee balm is 
the focus of the photo

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submitted by Ginger 
Brandt also from Columbia.

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Columbia was popular this 
week we're going to wrap

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up there with a photo 
from Butch Yowler of a little

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pineapple that he grew. Thanks 
to everyone for sharing your

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photographs I enjoy 
seeing them I know others

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do as well. Please know 
that they are in no way

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judged or scored. We just 
randomly select those

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that have been submitted 
and whenever you see a

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post on our Facebook page, 
you're welcome to comment

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in there with your 
photographs your city or

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town. And please be sure 
the photos are landscape,

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which means longer than 
tall, as that works better

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on TV. 
Thank you for sharing

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this with me. And Terasa 
also every week, people

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have an opportunity to 
see the pictures that

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Barbara Smith takes. 
Yes, Barbara is a fantastic

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photographer from our 
home and garden

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information center. We try 
to share her photos a lot

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of them she takes in her own 
yard, Crooked Trail Farms.

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We actually talked with 
her recently and she was

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sitting in her kitchen 
with her corgi dog

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working very hard 
answering questions,

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because if you 
have gardening questions

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HGIC is wide open. 
They're just all

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working from home. And so 
don't hesitate to call that

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toll free number Monday 
through Friday and you will

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get a very fine agent to 
help you with whatever is

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troubling you in your 
garden or landscape. Terasa

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I know people put 
Facebook questions,

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questions on Facebook and 
on Tuesday nights

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when we're having this 
streaming live

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version going out there a 
lot of questions too.

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So have you compiled some for 
our two guests tonight?

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I have. You know there's never a 
shortage of questions.

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Especially, it seems tomatoes 
in the summertime so

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we're gonna start with a tomato 
question. Someone was

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seeing yellow spots and says 
what in the world are

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the yellow spots 
on my tomatoes? And what

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can be done about them. Do we 
have an answer? Oh goodness

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Zack! I have a feeling! 
I might even know

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this one. I'm waiting to hear 
what you're gonna

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say about it. 
Amanda

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so unfortunately the 
yellow spots on tomatoes,

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we wait all season. You got 
this big tomato just

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ripening up and you start 
noticing these yellow

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blotches or spots on it. 
Wow! That's very typical

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of stink bug damage. 
We have many species

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of stink bugs here in 
South Carolina as well as

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leaf footed bugs which 
are pretty much cousins

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of the stink bug. And they 
are very sharp hibiscus

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Think of a straw, when 
they stick it into

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the tomato 
and as they are sucking

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the juice out of the tomato you 
end up with that yellow

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spot and it doesn't ripen right 
there. So you may have

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multiple spots all around 
the tomato.

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It is still edible but 
those spots just won't

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ripen up as well. I try 
to use those tomatoes and

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soups and stews and 
things, cooking them

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versus you know put it on 
a sandwich. Because

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stink bugs are very hard to 
manage in a home garden as

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well all commercial scale, 
Stink bugs go through

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many different life 
cycles. So the eggs are

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gonna be laid on the 
plants. And as the eggs

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hatch they go through different 
stages and so that's really the

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time you need to be out in the 
garden scouting looking for

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those because they're a lot 
easier to manage in that young

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juvenile stage. When they get to 
be the full stink bug that

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we all know and recognize. It's 
almost impossible. I think

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Tony Melton says that 
you shake them

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off and kill them with two 
bricks. So if that works for you

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that's great. But it is 
a tough pest to manage.

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A couple things you

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can do is scout early. A lot of 
the damage you're seeing

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on the tomatoes 
happens early in the

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season. So when the fruit, 
you know after the blossoms

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drop and the fruit start 
to develop, look for those

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stages of the stink bug. 
Real easy to twiddle your

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thumbs at that point in time. 
So that's about

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the best management technique 
certainly while we're

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out there. Okay so we just 
really, really limited

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with insecticides that 
are effective against

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stink bugs, so when they're 
really young, just try

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to get out there and - 
And there are

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some things you can do 
some growers that

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I work with that are pretty 
innovative.

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They're growing buckwheat strips 
around their tomatoes.

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The buckwheat attracts a lot of 
beneficial insects.

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There's a lot of there's 
a few

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beneficial insects that 
actually lay eggs on the

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head and neck of the stinkbug 
and leaf-footed bugs

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when they hatch they bore 
into the insect and kind of

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eat them from the inside out. 
So I saw a bunch of

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those this year, 
which makes me happy

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because that means the 
growers are spraying as

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many chemicals 
to get to the beneficials.

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So you know growing buckwheat, 
keeping zenias and things

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around the garden really helps 
in that regard. Isn't it funny

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how we get so excited to think 
that somebody's

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gonna come and lay an egg in the 
head and knack them.

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(laughs) Like a sci-fi movie.

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But it serves those stink bugs 
right. Well thanks

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That's great. And 
now we're going down to

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Beaufort. Laura Lee thank you 
for introducing us to

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this wonderful feature in 
that town.

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The Spanish Moss Trail.

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I'm in Beaufort, South 
Carolina talking to Dean

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Moss who is the unpaid 
Executive director of the

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Spanish moss trail. Dean, 
apparently when a

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railroad closed, other 
doors opened. It did.

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This was the old Port 
Royal railroad which

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had been around since 1870, 
was the lifeline

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of Beaufort for many 
years. There was a port at

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Port Royal. There was a 
port at Port Royal and as

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things went on, the 
railroad served the port.

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So, it went back and forth, 
two trains a week,

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something like that, 
carrying mostly gravel

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and things like that. 
But in 2003,

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the railroad closed. 
The Beaufort Jasper Water

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and Sewer Authority, 
purchased the right of

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way. And you were working 
for them. I was working

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for them. And that was 
principally for pipeline

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you know, for be able to 
bury pipelines water and

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sewer lines. 
And they leased the

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surface of the right of 
way to the county.

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There is a kind of national 
movement and perhaps even

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international of rails to 
trails. Is that correct?

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That's correct.

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And of course there used to 
be the small railroads

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all over the country 
and as things changed as

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they tend to do, those 
rail roads closed.

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Those rights of way though 
still were there. So in

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communities all over the 
United States, those right

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of ways are being 
re-purposed for trails.

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And how long will it be when 
it's finally finished?

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The current plan calls 
for it to be about

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16 miles by the time we're done. 
It starts at the sands in

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Port Royal, right on the 
right on the water there

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and runs all the way up 
the length of Port Royal

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Island, which is what 
we're on to the county

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fishing pier 
at - on the whale

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bridge. So, you can ride 
from one end of Port Royal

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Island to the other. 
And plans are in place I

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believe that's really 
going to be a major

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00:13:07,386 --> 00:13:09,722
driver for tourism and 
just for the local people

236
00:13:09,822 --> 00:13:12,091
that they can actually go 
from Port Royal into

237
00:13:12,191 --> 00:13:14,793
the downtown of Beaufort. 
Yes. We're working on

238
00:13:14,894 --> 00:13:17,763
connecting both of those 
communities into the

239
00:13:17,863 --> 00:13:20,566
trail. And you said 
already people are using

240
00:13:20,666 --> 00:13:23,068
that as an alternate to 
commuting in their car. Yeah

241
00:13:23,169 --> 00:13:25,070
we have people 
that are using it

242
00:13:25,171 --> 00:13:28,073
to go to work every day. 
Besides that let's

243
00:13:28,174 --> 00:13:30,843
talk about the impact on 
tourism.

244
00:13:30,943 --> 00:13:35,948
It is a very significant, 
increasingly significant

245
00:13:36,048 --> 00:13:38,450
factor in people's 
decisions to come to

246
00:13:38,551 --> 00:13:41,654
Beaufort. We have a way of 
tracking people who

247
00:13:41,754 --> 00:13:44,757
inquired about the trail 
and we've had inquiries

248
00:13:44,857 --> 00:13:47,826
from all 50 states and 
five or six foreign

249
00:13:47,927 --> 00:13:50,329
countries, where people 
will go and discover the

250
00:13:50,429 --> 00:13:52,932
trail and they want to 
find out about it and

251
00:13:53,032 --> 00:13:55,367
they go on the website to 
see what they can find

252
00:13:55,467 --> 00:13:57,803
out. And of course, Beaufort 
has beautiful weather

253
00:13:57,903 --> 00:14:00,873
most of the time. And a 
lot of people bike.

254
00:14:00,973 --> 00:14:03,275
And of course if you're 
on a bike you get

255
00:14:03,375 --> 00:14:05,010
that wonderful little 
breeze. And I

256
00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:07,780
think that bicycle parking 
spots are opening all

257
00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:11,517
over the place. They are 
and what we found when we

258
00:14:11,617 --> 00:14:15,120
when this trail opened 
was that old bicycles

259
00:14:15,221 --> 00:14:19,091
came out of garages that people 
hadn't used in years,

260
00:14:19,191 --> 00:14:21,961
because all of a sudden 
there was a safe place

261
00:14:22,061 --> 00:14:24,964
where they could ride. 
If you're not a hardcore

262
00:14:25,064 --> 00:14:27,132
bike rider you really 
aren't interested in

263
00:14:27,233 --> 00:14:29,969
riding with the cars, as 
we were walking this

264
00:14:30,069 --> 00:14:33,172
morning, the bicyclists 
were very thoughtful in

265
00:14:33,272 --> 00:14:35,107
announcing that they were 
coming and where they

266
00:14:35,207 --> 00:14:38,711
were passing. 
And it looks like some were

267
00:14:38,811 --> 00:14:41,480
young mothers of children 
and different people,

268
00:14:41,580 --> 00:14:44,149
skateboarders and all, 
people have a very strong

269
00:14:44,250 --> 00:14:46,151
sense of responsibility 
and courtesy. Is that

270
00:14:46,252 --> 00:14:48,754
what y'all are finding? 
Yes it is.

271
00:14:48,854 --> 00:14:51,690
Again we have all kinds 
of people that use the trail.

272
00:14:51,790 --> 00:14:54,193
And at sometimes of the

273
00:14:54,293 --> 00:14:56,829
day it's, it's very empty. 
But other times of the

274
00:14:56,929 --> 00:15:00,199
day it is a lot 
of people on it.

275
00:15:00,299 --> 00:15:02,134
So, I think you've 
developed kind of a

276
00:15:02,234 --> 00:15:05,871
culture that has 
kind of emerged on this

277
00:15:05,971 --> 00:15:09,441
trail and it's 
interesting to me that

278
00:15:09,541 --> 00:15:12,911
almost nobody that you pass on 
this trail won't say,

279
00:15:13,012 --> 00:15:16,615
'Hello!' 
Y'all have different

280
00:15:16,715 --> 00:15:19,585
entrances to the trail 
and in some places I

281
00:15:19,685 --> 00:15:21,220
believe you've built 
trestles so people

282
00:15:21,320 --> 00:15:24,089
can go fishing. Right, 
you know Beaufort is a

283
00:15:24,189 --> 00:15:27,526
community of islands and 
water. And so there are

284
00:15:27,626 --> 00:15:29,862
three places on the trail 
we've built trestles and

285
00:15:29,962 --> 00:15:32,965
bridges for people to get 
across. A couple places we

286
00:15:33,065 --> 00:15:35,567
just repurpose the old 
railroad trestles that

287
00:15:35,668 --> 00:15:38,470
were there and in another 
places we build new ones.

288
00:15:38,570 --> 00:15:41,173
But on the one here that 
we're close to, we've

289
00:15:41,273 --> 00:15:43,709
specifically designed it to 
allow for fishing and

290
00:15:43,809 --> 00:15:46,578
we've knocked out some 
sides so people can

291
00:15:46,679 --> 00:15:48,514
get out the fishing 
without being in the

292
00:15:48,614 --> 00:15:50,249
middle of the trail 
and obstructing

293
00:15:50,349 --> 00:15:52,985
bike riders and walkers 
as they use the trail.

294
00:15:53,085 --> 00:15:55,087
You also have historical 
markers and of course

295
00:15:55,187 --> 00:15:57,890
Beaufort does have a long 
history. There's one in

296
00:15:57,990 --> 00:16:00,626
particular, that you think 
is quite fascinating and

297
00:16:00,726 --> 00:16:02,628
perhaps tells a 
story that's not as well

298
00:16:02,728 --> 00:16:04,930
known as it should be.

299
00:16:05,030 --> 00:16:09,201
Yes. And specifically the one 
I'm thinking of is the

300
00:16:09,301 --> 00:16:13,572
the history of downtown 
of the area where the

301
00:16:13,672 --> 00:16:17,042
trail goes through what 
was the industrial area

302
00:16:17,142 --> 00:16:20,112
of Beaufort was where the 
station was

303
00:16:20,212 --> 00:16:22,881
it was where the 
light plant was and a

304
00:16:22,981 --> 00:16:26,585
number of the industrial 
activities occurred there,

305
00:16:26,685 --> 00:16:29,621
starting in about 
1870, when the

306
00:16:29,722 --> 00:16:32,224
train originally stopped 
in Beaufort.

307
00:16:32,324 --> 00:16:35,928
We have put historical 
markers out, about

308
00:16:36,028 --> 00:16:38,697
17 of them right 
now, scattered up and down

309
00:16:38,797 --> 00:16:41,266
the trail , identifying 
places of interest for

310
00:16:41,367 --> 00:16:44,870
people. 
And there are more to come.

311
00:16:44,970 --> 00:16:47,740
And you've had a partner, a 
very important member of

312
00:16:47,840 --> 00:16:50,008
the community who has 
worked with you and been

313
00:16:50,109 --> 00:16:52,177
a great supporter. Let's 
talk a little bit about

314
00:16:52,277 --> 00:16:55,013
the importance of that. 
Yeah we were

315
00:16:55,114 --> 00:16:59,051
extremely lucky from the 
very beginning because,

316
00:16:59,151 --> 00:17:01,286
one of our local 
residents, a part time

317
00:17:01,387 --> 00:17:06,258
resident who has a large estate 
here on Port Royal Island.

318
00:17:06,358 --> 00:17:10,729
Jim Kennedy who is the 
CEO of Cox

319
00:17:10,829 --> 00:17:12,965
Communications but also 
of the James M.

320
00:17:13,065 --> 00:17:16,735
Cox Foundation 
is a great bike rider and

321
00:17:16,835 --> 00:17:19,872
the trail guy. And so, he 
was absolutely

322
00:17:19,972 --> 00:17:22,040
instrumental in getting 
this project done.

323
00:17:22,141 --> 00:17:24,076
We couldn't have done it 
without him.

324
00:17:24,176 --> 00:17:26,812
He's a true 
gentleman and just

325
00:17:26,912 --> 00:17:29,715
an inspiration in 
terms of his devotion to

326
00:17:29,815 --> 00:17:32,117
this kind of thing. 
He made

327
00:17:32,217 --> 00:17:35,187
significant financial 
donations and

328
00:17:35,287 --> 00:17:38,090
let his staff and 
people that he's working

329
00:17:38,190 --> 00:17:40,893
with in Atlanta come down 
and guide us through all

330
00:17:40,993 --> 00:17:44,730
this process. So we are 
eternally grateful to him.

331
00:17:44,830 --> 00:17:47,065
And you have your friends 
group has been able to

332
00:17:47,166 --> 00:17:50,803
have benches and 
some facilities for

333
00:17:50,903 --> 00:17:53,739
people to use and do 
things that just give

334
00:17:53,839 --> 00:17:56,074
people a little more 
pleasurable experience

335
00:17:56,175 --> 00:17:58,310
and the landscaping that y'all 
have been able to

336
00:17:58,410 --> 00:18:01,346
install is so lovely too. 
Some of it we put in

337
00:18:01,447 --> 00:18:04,283
as the trail was built. 
Other parts of it have

338
00:18:04,383 --> 00:18:07,286
come in after the fact. 
The friends have done

339
00:18:07,386 --> 00:18:09,988
some of it. We've been 
very, very lucky.

340
00:18:10,089 --> 00:18:12,257
Our garden clubs here in 
Beaufort have contributed

341
00:18:12,357 --> 00:18:13,826
and done a 
bunch of things.

342
00:18:13,926 --> 00:18:17,763
And then we have individuals 
who have just adopted some of

343
00:18:17,863 --> 00:18:21,633
these places and go out there 
every day and tend to the

344
00:18:21,733 --> 00:18:24,203
flowers and the plants 
around the edges.

345
00:18:24,303 --> 00:18:26,138
Dean, I think that they 
were mighty lucky that

346
00:18:26,238 --> 00:18:28,173
you were deeply involved 
in the water and sewer

347
00:18:28,273 --> 00:18:31,643
business. And had the 
vision and had other

348
00:18:31,743 --> 00:18:33,712
people in the community 
who had the vision to see

349
00:18:33,812 --> 00:18:36,348
that this could happen. 
It's a real treasure for

350
00:18:36,448 --> 00:18:40,886
this community. Well, thank 
you. Thank you. It is one -

351
00:18:40,986 --> 00:18:43,789
It's kind of a labor 
of love for me and

352
00:18:43,889 --> 00:18:46,425
it is really a community 
effort. Lots of people

353
00:18:46,525 --> 00:18:48,760
involved and lots of 
people have donated and

354
00:18:48,861 --> 00:18:51,630
given time and their 
energy to make this real.

355
00:18:51,730 --> 00:18:53,732
Thank you so much. 
Thank you.

356
00:19:16,822 --> 00:19:19,725
That was really a 
delightful experience.

357
00:19:19,825 --> 00:19:23,595
It was beautiful. They have 
dedicated master

358
00:19:23,695 --> 00:19:25,898
gardeners I believe. Who 
have been out there

359
00:19:25,998 --> 00:19:27,900
making so many beautiful 
spots and tending to them.

360
00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:31,603
And got bicycles down there. 
So you don't have to

361
00:19:31,703 --> 00:19:35,908
have your bicycle. You can just 
ride down there and

362
00:19:36,008 --> 00:19:39,411
be room with whom you're 
closely connected.

363
00:19:39,511 --> 00:19:42,414
Staying with safety these days 
and on a bicycle

364
00:19:42,514 --> 00:19:45,017
be out in that wonderful fresh 
air and not have to

365
00:19:45,117 --> 00:19:49,321
worry about cars when you have 
you just been very

366
00:19:49,421 --> 00:19:53,559
polite to pedestrians. 
Terasa what else

367
00:19:53,659 --> 00:19:55,794
have we got something 
coming up that Laura Lee

368
00:19:55,894 --> 00:19:59,197
might be able to help us with. 
I think we do. Well

369
00:19:59,298 --> 00:20:02,668
Zack mentioned a 
beneficial insects and we

370
00:20:02,768 --> 00:20:04,670
have a viewer who's 
interested in some

371
00:20:04,770 --> 00:20:07,539
recommendations for 
native plants for

372
00:20:07,639 --> 00:20:11,810
pollinators and for birds. 
And also asked about

373
00:20:11,910 --> 00:20:16,315
single plantings 
versus groups of plantings.

374
00:20:16,415 --> 00:20:17,649
Well, Lee I know you go

375
00:20:17,749 --> 00:20:20,319
to a native plant 
conferences up in North

376
00:20:20,419 --> 00:20:23,789
Carolina, I believe. 
So I think you're just

377
00:20:23,889 --> 00:20:27,292
the person to answer this and 
tell us what the

378
00:20:27,392 --> 00:20:29,761
name of that one is in 
case next year when they

379
00:20:29,861 --> 00:20:33,031
have it, we all might want 
to go. Well I am happy

380
00:20:33,131 --> 00:20:37,603
To endorse the Native Plants 
Conference.

381
00:20:37,703 --> 00:20:42,240
People from all 
over the southeast

382
00:20:42,341 --> 00:20:46,778
come to that conference. 
It's been going on for 35 years.

383
00:20:46,878 --> 00:20:50,682
But it's great 
networking. There are people

384
00:20:50,782 --> 00:20:57,055
who are growers. There are plant 
people. There are

385
00:20:57,155 --> 00:21:02,594
just every kind and just people 
interested in native plants.

386
00:21:02,694 --> 00:21:07,966
beautiful plants so the setting 
is so nice too. So, I've also

387
00:21:08,066 --> 00:21:12,170
been doing some work with

388
00:21:12,271 --> 00:21:15,807
the school garden 
initiative. And I was

389
00:21:15,907 --> 00:21:19,811
able to go to a webinar this 
past week with Betty Griffin

390
00:21:19,911 --> 00:21:23,715
from University of 
Georgia. She's a

391
00:21:23,815 --> 00:21:26,985
Pollinator and School 
Gardening Coordinator for

392
00:21:27,085 --> 00:21:30,222
the whole state of 
Georgia. And she did a workshop

393
00:21:30,322 --> 00:21:33,292
one year where she

394
00:21:33,392 --> 00:21:37,729
taught us how to make 
- tales and that was a

395
00:21:37,829 --> 00:21:41,266
lot of fun so there are a 
lot of things that you

396
00:21:41,366 --> 00:21:46,972
can do to encourage native 
insects and birds to come to

397
00:21:47,072 --> 00:21:50,475
your garden. I really 
like feeders.

398
00:21:50,575 --> 00:21:56,448
I like having a bird bath 
around, things that attract

399
00:21:56,548 --> 00:22:02,087
the beneficial insect 
control if you will and also you

400
00:22:02,187 --> 00:22:05,891
know give them something 
to eat. So yes we want to plant

401
00:22:05,991 --> 00:22:11,063
things like berries, all of our

402
00:22:11,163 --> 00:22:17,769
zenias, golden rod. 
These wonderful plants.

403
00:22:17,869 --> 00:22:21,173
There are some of the 
vebasenias that have

404
00:22:21,273 --> 00:22:25,477
hollow stems. 
So out of our solitary bees

405
00:22:25,577 --> 00:22:29,548
actually less in hollow stems.

406
00:22:29,648 --> 00:22:33,251
I know you talked about that on 
shows before too.

407
00:22:33,351 --> 00:22:35,887
Red honey suckle, the native

408
00:22:35,987 --> 00:22:38,790
honey suckle is a 
good one to have on your

409
00:22:38,890 --> 00:22:43,261
your vines. There are a 
lot of just the native

410
00:22:43,361 --> 00:22:47,933
trees that if you could let them 
grow in your yard or property,

411
00:22:48,033 --> 00:22:53,338
have some native areas to 
encourage things like oaks,

412
00:22:53,438 --> 00:22:59,010
willows, fruits, 
yaupon holly, inkberry holly.

413
00:22:59,111 --> 00:23:05,250
Those kind of rich shrubs 
and hardwoods are good to have

414
00:23:05,350 --> 00:23:08,487
for the beneficial insects. 
Because birds feed their

415
00:23:08,587 --> 00:23:12,390
babies insects. Yes and that's 
a reliable food

416
00:23:12,491 --> 00:23:16,061
source. Laura Lee. 
I love zenias because

417
00:23:16,161 --> 00:23:18,430
obviously the color they bring 
to the house. When I'm

418
00:23:18,530 --> 00:23:21,233
getting a pack of seeds 
I try to get one that

419
00:23:21,333 --> 00:23:24,236
has more of an open 
center instead of more

420
00:23:24,336 --> 00:23:28,840
petals. Is that correct 
avenue to take?

421
00:23:28,940 --> 00:23:32,511
Yeah because the word 
pollinator, the word

422
00:23:32,611 --> 00:23:35,480
pollinator means they're 
coming for pollen.

423
00:23:35,580 --> 00:23:39,518
When you're offering the pollen, 
they take that pollen back

424
00:23:39,618 --> 00:23:43,388
to their babies, they feed the 
bees especially feed the

425
00:23:43,488 --> 00:23:49,461
pollen to their young. The 
plants also offer nectar

426
00:23:49,561 --> 00:23:54,633
so the food the 
insects, the humming-

427
00:23:54,733 --> 00:23:59,704
birds use that nectar too. 
So the open center flowers

428
00:23:59,805 --> 00:24:03,074
are going to offer more 
of the things that the insects

429
00:24:03,175 --> 00:24:04,709
are coming for.

430
00:24:04,810 --> 00:24:08,013
Thank you so much Laura Lee. 
And since we've been

431
00:24:08,113 --> 00:24:11,683
talking about pollinators, 
people have many, many

432
00:24:11,783 --> 00:24:14,386
questions about neonicotinoids,

433
00:24:14,486 --> 00:24:19,558
insecticides, a family of 
insecticides and we want

434
00:24:19,658 --> 00:24:23,795
people to have science 
based research.

435
00:24:23,895 --> 00:24:26,598
JC Chong. Dr. JC Chong is

436
00:24:26,698 --> 00:24:29,835
truly an expert in this 
up at the Pee Dee Rec.

437
00:24:29,935 --> 00:24:33,705
He was kind enough to speak with 
us and try to shed some

438
00:24:33,805 --> 00:24:38,410
light on this topic. 
I'm speaking today with

439
00:24:38,510 --> 00:24:42,280
JC Chong. 
JC is a professor and

440
00:24:42,380 --> 00:24:46,117
extension specialist and 
entomologist. And he is

441
00:24:46,218 --> 00:24:49,254
stationed at the Pee Dee 
Rec over in Florence.

442
00:24:49,354 --> 00:24:52,557
JC, thanks for 
coming today and there's

443
00:24:52,657 --> 00:24:57,095
a lot of 
concern among the public

444
00:24:57,195 --> 00:25:01,466
about the neonicotinoids.

445
00:25:01,566 --> 00:25:04,402
And so I think the best thing 
we can do is try to get

446
00:25:04,503 --> 00:25:08,340
them scientific 
research. And so

447
00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:10,041
we appreciate your 
sharing your knowledge

448
00:25:10,141 --> 00:25:13,645
with us today. Well thank you 
for having me on.

449
00:25:13,745 --> 00:25:17,916
First of all, what are 
neonicotinoids and kind

450
00:25:18,016 --> 00:25:21,786
of what's their history? 
What was before them?

451
00:25:21,887 --> 00:25:25,790
Just what are they? Right 
so neonicotinoids is the

452
00:25:25,891 --> 00:25:29,194
cost of insecticide that 
is probably one of the

453
00:25:29,294 --> 00:25:32,964
war core for our 
industry of agriculture.

454
00:25:33,064 --> 00:25:35,734
We have used it 
quite a bit actually.

455
00:25:35,834 --> 00:25:38,670
So the neonicotinoids help if 
you break it a part.

456
00:25:38,770 --> 00:25:43,542
The word neo means new and 
nicotinoids is synthetic

457
00:25:43,642 --> 00:25:47,646
nicotine. So it's actually a

458
00:25:47,746 --> 00:25:50,682
classic compound 
working in a very similar

459
00:25:50,782 --> 00:25:53,485
way as nicotine 
which is the active

460
00:25:53,585 --> 00:25:57,555
ingredient in tobacco. 
Nicotine has been used for

461
00:25:57,656 --> 00:26:00,525
thousands of years to 
control the insects.

462
00:26:00,625 --> 00:26:05,664
But nicotine has a very 
nasty property which is

463
00:26:05,764 --> 00:26:09,067
that they have very, very 
high toxicity to

464
00:26:09,167 --> 00:26:13,405
mammals. So the neonicotinoids, 
the whole reason

465
00:26:13,505 --> 00:26:16,508
why they won't basically 
developed and created

466
00:26:16,608 --> 00:26:20,078
was really to replace nicotine

467
00:26:20,178 --> 00:26:25,417
also organophosphate as a safer 
more selective insecticide.

468
00:26:25,517 --> 00:26:30,522
So the animal world 
overall is greatly

469
00:26:30,622 --> 00:26:34,259
less impacted with

470
00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:39,130
neonicotinoids than the 
nicotine based pesticides.

471
00:26:39,230 --> 00:26:43,268
Correct! Correct! So the 
toxicity of neonicotinoids

472
00:26:43,368 --> 00:26:45,870
to a mammal is several

473
00:26:45,971 --> 00:26:50,976
hundred times safer than 
nicotine.

474
00:26:51,076 --> 00:26:55,280
But it's effective on 
insects and there was a

475
00:26:55,380 --> 00:26:59,617
tragic situation when a 
pesticide applicator did

476
00:26:59,718 --> 00:27:03,221
not do what you pesticide 
specialist

477
00:27:03,321 --> 00:27:05,890
always tell us to do, 
which is

478
00:27:05,991 --> 00:27:10,729
well we always say read the 
label. Label is the law. So

479
00:27:10,829 --> 00:27:13,932
you need to be reading 
the label just not only

480
00:27:14,032 --> 00:27:17,869
because 
it's the law, but also

481
00:27:17,969 --> 00:27:20,739
because that is the safe 
way to actually use the

482
00:27:20,839 --> 00:27:25,210
product itself. So if you 
go, if you didn't follow

483
00:27:25,310 --> 00:27:27,579
the law it ended 
up hurting somebody or

484
00:27:27,679 --> 00:27:30,849
something. And that could 
be very tracking and it

485
00:27:30,949 --> 00:27:32,917
could cost your

486
00:27:33,018 --> 00:27:36,688
business a lot of trouble. 
Well and also it tells

487
00:27:36,788 --> 00:27:38,857
you what you need to do 
as far as protective

488
00:27:38,957 --> 00:27:41,793
equipment, 
to protect, to

489
00:27:41,893 --> 00:27:45,697
keep yourself safe when you're 
working. Absolutely and you

490
00:27:45,797 --> 00:27:48,266
know every insecticide 
it doesn't matter how

491
00:27:48,366 --> 00:27:50,935
safe they are, there are 
still some form of chemical

492
00:27:51,036 --> 00:27:55,440
and there may be some type of 
consequences. And therefore you

493
00:27:55,540 --> 00:27:58,810
need to do everything you can to 
protect yourself and test

494
00:27:58,910 --> 00:28:01,679
your personal protective 
equipment requirements

495
00:28:01,780 --> 00:28:04,616
on pesticide label is pretty 
important because that's

496
00:28:04,716 --> 00:28:09,521
one they look for too that 
really makes yourself safer.

497
00:28:09,621 --> 00:28:13,458
JC tell us about the event

498
00:28:13,558 --> 00:28:16,394
that brought this 
to the public's

499
00:28:16,494 --> 00:28:20,031
consciousness, when the 
pesticide applicator made

500
00:28:20,131 --> 00:28:25,136
the tragic application he 
did. Sure and

501
00:28:25,236 --> 00:28:28,373
the whole country use the 
neonicotinoids for

502
00:28:28,473 --> 00:28:30,942
pollinators. It has been 
going on for sometime but

503
00:28:31,042 --> 00:28:35,480
it really brings - comes to 
a boil in 2013.

504
00:28:35,580 --> 00:28:38,249
In June 2013,

505
00:28:38,349 --> 00:28:42,353
There was one landscape 
operator who was in Oregon

506
00:28:42,454 --> 00:28:46,057
that make an 
application to a flower

507
00:28:46,157 --> 00:28:49,727
and within hours there were

508
00:28:49,828 --> 00:28:52,630
thousands of bumblebees 
dropping dead right

509
00:28:52,730 --> 00:28:55,733
around the trees on the 
property line. And it's

510
00:28:55,834 --> 00:28:59,604
causing a huge uproar 
and since then there was

511
00:28:59,704 --> 00:29:02,774
a lot of pause to 
actually cancel even

512
00:29:02,874 --> 00:29:07,045
limit the use neonicotinoids 
because or their impact

513
00:29:07,145 --> 00:29:12,717
on pollinators.

514
00:29:12,817 --> 00:29:15,920
The industry that grows 
flowers,

515
00:29:16,020 --> 00:29:19,557
annuals and herbaceous 
perennials and sells them

516
00:29:19,657 --> 00:29:23,228
every Spring and Fall to 
consumers is a big

517
00:29:23,328 --> 00:29:25,363
industry and I think they 
reached out to you

518
00:29:25,463 --> 00:29:30,001
and other people to do some 
studies to find out

519
00:29:30,101 --> 00:29:34,639
if their products were 
endangering bees.

520
00:29:34,739 --> 00:29:37,876
And describe how y'all when 
about that please JC

521
00:29:37,976 --> 00:29:39,043
and what the results,

522
00:29:39,144 --> 00:29:42,480
y'all's findings were. 
Sure and we actually

523
00:29:42,580 --> 00:29:45,416
conducted several, a 
series of study basically

524
00:29:45,517 --> 00:29:48,620
with funding from USDA, 
especially crop research

525
00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:52,423
initiative and also some 
trade organizations as well.

526
00:29:52,524 --> 00:29:54,259
For example, American flooring

527
00:29:54,359 --> 00:29:56,561
down in and also the 
Cultural Research

528
00:29:56,661 --> 00:29:59,430
Institute and all of these 
agencies,

529
00:29:59,531 --> 00:30:02,767
they sponsor us, actually 
providing research funding.

530
00:30:02,867 --> 00:30:06,871
Really what 
we and the sponsors

531
00:30:06,971 --> 00:30:09,774
try to find out if 
'Okay

532
00:30:09,874 --> 00:30:13,344
let's find out what 
is the impact of

533
00:30:13,444 --> 00:30:17,081
neonicotinoids 
applied to ornamental plants

534
00:30:17,182 --> 00:30:20,385
on pollinator. And 
let's figure out what

535
00:30:20,485 --> 00:30:23,154
is the impact and try 
to figure out a way to

536
00:30:23,254 --> 00:30:26,691
really that risk so that we 
don't have to

537
00:30:26,791 --> 00:30:29,961
suffer the 
consequences in Oregon

538
00:30:30,061 --> 00:30:33,865
once again. So there's 
quite a few studies within

539
00:30:33,965 --> 00:30:38,703
this particular one. And there 
are two major studies. One of

540
00:30:38,803 --> 00:30:43,274
them is to look at when 
you apply a neonicotinoid

541
00:30:43,374 --> 00:30:45,610
insecticide and several 
other insecticides to the

542
00:30:45,710 --> 00:30:50,648
ornamental plants. And what 
would happen? How

543
00:30:50,748 --> 00:30:53,384
much of that active 
ingredients actually

544
00:30:53,484 --> 00:30:56,955
ended up in the nectars and 
pollen. I see. Because

545
00:30:57,055 --> 00:30:59,757
you know the pollinators 
you know would just feed on the

546
00:30:59,857 --> 00:31:04,295
nectars and that babies 
feed on the pollen. So you need

547
00:31:04,395 --> 00:31:08,032
to know how much of that are in 
nectars and pollen. And how

548
00:31:08,132 --> 00:31:11,803
that is it impact 
pollinators and also the pollen

549
00:31:11,903 --> 00:31:18,843
count. And did you 
also study it as

550
00:31:18,943 --> 00:31:21,713
period of time after 
application sometimes?

551
00:31:21,813 --> 00:31:24,515
Correct! 
So what we're looking at

552
00:31:24,616 --> 00:31:27,752
are not just neonicotinoids 
but some of the newer

553
00:31:27,852 --> 00:31:31,990
sustaining insecticides as well. 
Just looking, we know

554
00:31:32,090 --> 00:31:34,525
neonicotinoids might have some 
issues, but what about

555
00:31:34,626 --> 00:31:38,830
the other one. So we have to 
right now and try to do that.

556
00:31:38,930 --> 00:31:41,432
And we also look at 
different application rate.

557
00:31:41,532 --> 00:31:45,103
The high label rate and that low 
label rate.

558
00:31:45,203 --> 00:31:47,939
We also look at whether 
there is a difference if you

559
00:31:48,039 --> 00:31:53,678
can spray them or when 
you drench them. So these

560
00:31:53,778 --> 00:31:57,448
can be taken up by the 
plant and

561
00:31:57,548 --> 00:32:00,118
they can be systemic. Is 
that right? So what's

562
00:32:00,218 --> 00:32:03,121
happening is that you can 
spray it and it landed on

563
00:32:03,221 --> 00:32:06,124
the leaf surface itself. The 
compound can actually

564
00:32:06,224 --> 00:32:09,460
penetrate the leaf tissue 
and go into the conductive

565
00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:12,563
tissue inside the plant to flow 
inside and end up taking it to

566
00:32:12,664 --> 00:32:16,901
the rest of the plant. Or 
if you drench it the root is

567
00:32:17,001 --> 00:32:22,006
going to soak up all that 
insecticide and bring it up

568
00:32:22,106 --> 00:32:26,511
through the entire plant that 
way so both application method

569
00:32:26,611 --> 00:32:30,214
may have impact in how that's 
going to influence the alarm.

570
00:32:30,315 --> 00:32:31,816
And you also sat out

571
00:32:31,916 --> 00:32:37,622
there and watched to see - 
We did. We did. So many

572
00:32:37,722 --> 00:32:40,658
another major 
project and

573
00:32:40,758 --> 00:32:43,528
major experiment this 
project is to try to

574
00:32:43,628 --> 00:32:46,564
figure out, 
well which of these

575
00:32:46,664 --> 00:32:48,966
ornamental plants are 
actually attracted to a

576
00:32:49,067 --> 00:32:53,237
pollinator because if you go 
online you can find within

577
00:32:53,338 --> 00:32:56,574
five minutes, five, ten 
fifteen different lists

578
00:32:56,674 --> 00:32:59,911
of bee friendly 
ornamental plants.

579
00:33:00,011 --> 00:33:02,947
Are they really bee friendly? 
Is it just based on

580
00:33:03,047 --> 00:33:04,716
observation 
or was it some kind of

581
00:33:04,816 --> 00:33:07,452
data. And what we try to do is

582
00:33:07,552 --> 00:33:11,622
really look at the data 
behind that. And one other

583
00:33:11,723 --> 00:33:13,758
point about these 
particular study is we don't

584
00:33:13,858 --> 00:33:17,328
just pick any plant. 
And what we do is

585
00:33:17,428 --> 00:33:21,332
that we go to 
USDA agriculture survey

586
00:33:21,432 --> 00:33:24,969
and take some of the top 
species of plant that

587
00:33:25,069 --> 00:33:28,940
were most widely produced within 
the United States

588
00:33:29,040 --> 00:33:30,875
because if they are 
most widely produced,

589
00:33:30,975 --> 00:33:34,112
meaning that there are more 
people gonna buy them. Yes.

590
00:33:34,212 --> 00:33:37,415
More sticking 
in the ground. So

591
00:33:37,515 --> 00:33:40,318
what we tried to figure out 
really to two things. One thing

592
00:33:40,418 --> 00:33:43,755
is how many of them 
are to actually pollinator

593
00:33:43,855 --> 00:33:47,158
attractive. 
So one day

594
00:33:47,258 --> 00:33:49,494
we could make 
recommendations and say hey

595
00:33:49,594 --> 00:33:52,897
it they are growing a bee 
friendly or

596
00:33:52,997 --> 00:33:55,400
pollinator attractive, these 
are the plants

597
00:33:55,500 --> 00:33:58,202
they can get. 
And another thing would be

598
00:33:58,302 --> 00:34:02,340
to really help with EPA in 
the registration process

599
00:34:02,440 --> 00:34:07,311
to tell them, all right not 
every plant uses this.

600
00:34:07,412 --> 00:34:09,046
Not hundred 
percent of the plant

601
00:34:09,147 --> 00:34:12,517
species that were produced 
are impacted by these

602
00:34:12,617 --> 00:34:15,820
applications. You should 
probably look at 50%

603
00:34:15,920 --> 00:34:19,357
25$ or however many percent that

604
00:34:19,457 --> 00:34:23,561
is attractive to pollinators 
and focus on those instead of

605
00:34:23,661 --> 00:34:26,998
looking at 100% 
And you looked when you

606
00:34:27,098 --> 00:34:31,402
made your counts of how 
attractive they were you

607
00:34:31,502 --> 00:34:34,172
also 
didn't just look at say

608
00:34:34,272 --> 00:34:37,875
bees or pollinators in 
general, you broke it down

609
00:34:37,975 --> 00:34:40,511
and classified that as 
well. So it was a really

610
00:34:40,611 --> 00:34:43,648
in depth study. It's a 
very in depth study and

611
00:34:43,748 --> 00:34:46,884
it's not just conducted in 
South Carolina. We conduct

612
00:34:46,984 --> 00:34:51,856
the same experiment in 
California, Connecticut,

613
00:34:51,956 --> 00:34:55,993
Michigan, Pennsylvania and 
South Carolina as well.

614
00:34:56,093 --> 00:34:59,297
And each 
garden basically grow

615
00:34:59,397 --> 00:35:02,567
anywhere from five to six 
different species within each

616
00:35:02,667 --> 00:35:05,636
species we have five to six 
different cultivars.

617
00:35:05,736 --> 00:35:07,672
So it's a pretty wide net.

618
00:35:07,772 --> 00:35:10,608
And what we do is 
basically sit up there

619
00:35:10,708 --> 00:35:13,277
and do something that 
entomologists love to do which

620
00:35:13,377 --> 00:35:16,681
which is look at bugs, 
right! Sit out there stare at

621
00:35:16,781 --> 00:35:19,684
the plants for five 
minutes for ten minutes just

622
00:35:19,784 --> 00:35:22,553
to see how many of these 
pollinators come and visit the

623
00:35:22,653 --> 00:35:27,792
flowers. And we write them down. 
We don't just say butterfly

624
00:35:27,892 --> 00:35:30,695
or bumblebee. We say very 
specifically instead of

625
00:35:30,795 --> 00:35:34,298
bumblebee instead of honey 
bee, instead of sweat bee

626
00:35:34,398 --> 00:35:38,002
or instead of miner bee. So we 
actually do a much more fine

627
00:35:38,102 --> 00:35:42,306
tuned. By fine details, I 
can you typically say

628
00:35:42,406 --> 00:35:45,443
pollinator friendly. 
Well I think in this case

629
00:35:45,543 --> 00:35:49,780
JC your results 
would give someone who

630
00:35:49,881 --> 00:35:55,386
was concerned about that, 
some reassurance about

631
00:35:55,486 --> 00:35:57,622
bringing home plants that 
have been grown

632
00:35:57,722 --> 00:36:00,758
specifically for people 
to add to their gardens.

633
00:36:00,858 --> 00:36:03,895
And the results 
were kind of

634
00:36:03,995 --> 00:36:07,798
surprising in that, 
there was a small

635
00:36:07,899 --> 00:36:13,070
kind of a small subgroup 
that really was attractive to

636
00:36:13,171 --> 00:36:16,607
the pollinators. 
Right. So what the way we

637
00:36:16,707 --> 00:36:19,710
look at that is, we define 
pollinator, the

638
00:36:19,810 --> 00:36:22,113
attractiveness of 
pollinator behind the

639
00:36:22,213 --> 00:36:25,182
pollinators was actually 
attractive within the five

640
00:36:25,283 --> 00:36:28,386
minutes period. 
And we kind of classified

641
00:36:28,486 --> 00:36:32,423
as low, medium and high in 
some way: somewhat

642
00:36:32,523 --> 00:36:35,793
attractive or unattractive 
and highly attractive.

643
00:36:35,893 --> 00:36:39,196
And what we're finding is 
that all the plant

644
00:36:39,297 --> 00:36:42,767
species that were produced 
in this country, less than 10

645
00:36:42,867 --> 00:36:45,603
percent of 
what we produced can be

646
00:36:45,703 --> 00:36:48,673
considered pollinator 
attractive. And the rest of the

647
00:36:48,773 --> 00:36:52,109
90 percent, they attract 
very few pollinators

648
00:36:52,209 --> 00:36:55,313
if any at all. 
Do you think that ten

649
00:36:55,413 --> 00:36:58,950
percent is now produced 
with some different

650
00:36:59,050 --> 00:37:02,653
methods sometime? Or are 
they just not produced so

651
00:37:02,753 --> 00:37:06,824
often? What effect did you 
think the information you

652
00:37:06,924 --> 00:37:10,027
were able to come up with 
my have on what is being

653
00:37:10,127 --> 00:37:13,164
shipped to the stores? So 
what we're trying to find

654
00:37:13,264 --> 00:37:16,500
out- 
so I think the way we saw

655
00:37:16,601 --> 00:37:21,205
can be used is to 
inform the growers

656
00:37:21,305 --> 00:37:24,809
what can you do to 
affect that? So if you are

657
00:37:24,909 --> 00:37:29,847
growing a plant that is 
highly attractive to pollinators

658
00:37:29,947 --> 00:37:33,084
then you probably do 
not want to use any

659
00:37:33,184 --> 00:37:35,186
insecticides that can be

660
00:37:35,286 --> 00:37:38,923
detrimental. Alright! 
And that would include

661
00:37:39,023 --> 00:37:42,026
work and that will also 
include organic phosphate and

662
00:37:42,126 --> 00:37:45,396
regrowth. 
But if you're growing the

663
00:37:45,496 --> 00:37:49,367
other 90 percent of the plants. 
You probably would

664
00:37:49,467 --> 00:37:52,036
have a little bit more freedom. 
as far as what you

665
00:37:52,136 --> 00:37:59,944
could use. And it basically 
comes down to cause and benefit,

666
00:38:00,044 --> 00:38:04,915
risk and benefit analysis. 
And you would say okay it's a

667
00:38:05,016 --> 00:38:08,486
high risk plant, I'm not going 
to use this. It's a lowest risk

668
00:38:08,586 --> 00:38:12,657
plant maybe I can use that. So 
what we try to do is

669
00:38:12,757 --> 00:38:15,626
really develop kind of the 
information the growers

670
00:38:15,726 --> 00:38:18,929
can use to 
actually make the pest

671
00:38:19,030 --> 00:38:22,333
management decision. 
JC

672
00:38:22,433 --> 00:38:24,802
there, 
this product although it

673
00:38:24,902 --> 00:38:29,740
does have its own set of 
concerns, that we have to

674
00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:32,910
be cautious and aware of 
it and try to minimize

675
00:38:33,010 --> 00:38:36,580
whenever possible, as you 
said. It certainly is an

676
00:38:36,681 --> 00:38:40,151
improvement over the 
straight nicotine based

677
00:38:40,251 --> 00:38:44,221
products and the organic 
phosphates, is that

678
00:38:44,321 --> 00:38:48,025
correct? Correct. As for 
safety? Correct!

679
00:38:48,125 --> 00:38:50,961
Okay. So the organic phosphate 
a little bit

680
00:38:51,062 --> 00:38:54,065
history here I guess. 
So a lot of

681
00:38:54,165 --> 00:38:57,134
organic phosphate actually 
developed right after the

682
00:38:57,234 --> 00:38:59,837
first and the second World 
War. They were actually

683
00:38:59,937 --> 00:39:04,809
first developed as poison 
nerve gas.

684
00:39:04,909 --> 00:39:08,579
Oh my goodness! Used for 
warfare. and some of them we

685
00:39:08,679 --> 00:39:12,750
actually used for controlling 
pests. So if you look at

686
00:39:12,850 --> 00:39:15,486
that history you're going to 
know some of these organic

687
00:39:15,586 --> 00:39:17,388
phosphates actually 
had very high

688
00:39:17,488 --> 00:39:21,959
toxicity. Because it 
really used to kill people.

689
00:39:22,059 --> 00:39:24,862
And now they are used 
in the chemical.

690
00:39:24,962 --> 00:39:27,298
Alright JC! 
I want to thank you for

691
00:39:27,398 --> 00:39:29,467
this information and I 
hope that we can come

692
00:39:29,567 --> 00:39:32,336
back to you 
and do another talk with

693
00:39:32,436 --> 00:39:35,940
you about the other 
parts of the industry

694
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:39,577
that it's used in. And that 
would be in field crops

695
00:39:39,677 --> 00:39:43,114
and in turf management as 
well. I think that would

696
00:39:43,214 --> 00:39:45,249
be a good topic for 
another chat if you

697
00:39:45,349 --> 00:39:48,319
think you might be able to make 
time. I look forward to that.

698
00:39:48,419 --> 00:39:50,988
Thank you so much JC. 
Thank you Amanda.

699
00:39:53,758 --> 00:39:57,795
JC also, while we 
were fortunate enough to

700
00:39:57,895 --> 00:40:00,030
you catch hold of him, because 
he's so involved

701
00:40:00,131 --> 00:40:03,267
in research, we taped 
another interview with him.

702
00:40:03,367 --> 00:40:05,503
Next week we'll have 
more information on this

703
00:40:05,603 --> 00:40:08,239
subject. Thank you JC 
for sharing you

704
00:40:08,339 --> 00:40:10,307
information because 
there's a lot of

705
00:40:10,408 --> 00:40:14,345
confusion about this. Teresa 
let's get another question,

706
00:40:14,445 --> 00:40:17,648
shall we? Sure well keeping with 
the tomato theme,

707
00:40:17,748 --> 00:40:22,319
someone would like us 
to recommend a variety or a few

708
00:40:22,419 --> 00:40:25,723
that would be most 
successful and also tasty.

709
00:40:25,823 --> 00:40:27,591
And wondered, they see all these

710
00:40:27,691 --> 00:40:30,060
alphabet letters on the 
plant tags, what do all

711
00:40:30,161 --> 00:40:35,933
those letters mean? 
Alright, Mr ABC Zack,

712
00:40:36,033 --> 00:40:41,739
help us out here. 
Alright, so there are tons and

713
00:40:41,839 --> 00:40:46,577
tons of tomato varieties but 
typically on homeowners

714
00:40:46,677 --> 00:40:49,580
limit it to ones that they 
see on the shelves in

715
00:40:49,680 --> 00:40:53,083
stores. And so you know 
there are a lot more

716
00:40:53,184 --> 00:40:55,653
variety than those. 
And I recommend

717
00:40:55,753 --> 00:41:01,025
some of those as well but 
what I tell people and what I

718
00:41:01,125 --> 00:41:04,061
think happens a lot is 
when you grow tomatoes,

719
00:41:04,161 --> 00:41:07,631
typically they'll die or get a 
disease later in the summer.

720
00:41:07,731 --> 00:41:09,800
We really need to pay 
particular attention to

721
00:41:09,900 --> 00:41:12,136
that. 
And focus on the disease and

722
00:41:12,236 --> 00:41:14,638
what killed them because 
we can better battle those

723
00:41:14,738 --> 00:41:17,107
diseases next year. 
The worse thing is to grow

724
00:41:17,208 --> 00:41:20,110
tomatoes all season and it 
loads up with fruit and then it

725
00:41:20,211 --> 00:41:23,714
dies or wilts all of a sudden. 
So knowing kinda what you're

726
00:41:23,814 --> 00:41:26,517
going to battle against is 
the first thing I tell

727
00:41:26,617 --> 00:41:30,087
people, it's better to have some 
tomatoes than no tomatoes.

728
00:41:30,187 --> 00:41:33,724
So that's the first line 
of defense. The alphabet

729
00:41:33,824 --> 00:41:37,161
letters that Terasa was 
mentioning what those mean

730
00:41:37,261 --> 00:41:40,331
is it tells you what disease 
package or resistance

731
00:41:40,431 --> 00:41:44,768
that variety or cultivar 
tomatoes has. And so it's

732
00:41:44,869 --> 00:41:47,805
really important to know what 
disease you're battling.

733
00:41:47,905 --> 00:41:50,341
A really common one is 
N. or sometimes

734
00:41:50,441 --> 00:41:53,878
it'll say Arcadian which 
is root-knot nematode.

735
00:41:53,978 --> 00:41:56,046
That's a big one because 
a lot of people, typically

736
00:41:56,146 --> 00:41:59,416
plant in the same spaces 
over and over. And those

737
00:41:59,517 --> 00:42:02,953
nematodes can really stop 
your plants and keep them

738
00:42:03,053 --> 00:42:06,524
from going to their full 
potential. Another one and we

739
00:42:06,624 --> 00:42:10,027
have on the coast is called 
bacterial wilt and southern

740
00:42:10,127 --> 00:42:13,931
blight. They're very similar 
symptoms but two totally

741
00:42:14,031 --> 00:42:16,166
different modes of resistance 
so you need to really

742
00:42:16,267 --> 00:42:19,169
differentiate between 
those two diseases.

743
00:42:19,270 --> 00:42:22,339
Some of my favorite varieties 
celebrity is a pretty

744
00:42:22,439 --> 00:42:24,808
good variety in the home 
garden and it's widely

745
00:42:24,909 --> 00:42:28,879
available in stores. It 
has nematode resistance as

746
00:42:28,979 --> 00:42:32,349
well as some verticillium 
resistance.

747
00:42:32,449 --> 00:42:35,753
And it also has tobacco 
mosaic resistance which is a

748
00:42:35,853 --> 00:42:38,722
good thing and something we 
certainly see in home gardens.

749
00:42:38,822 --> 00:42:42,893
My favorite tomato personally as 
far as taste goes is the

750
00:42:42,993 --> 00:42:46,096
Cherokee purple. It has 
absolutely no disease

751
00:42:46,196 --> 00:42:49,199
resistance. 
But, you know, plant

752
00:42:49,300 --> 00:42:51,568
15, 20, a hundred 
extra if you have to

753
00:42:51,669 --> 00:42:55,539
share. (laughing) But that is 
the best tasting tomato out

754
00:42:55,639 --> 00:42:58,909
there. It's won award 
after award for the taste

755
00:42:59,009 --> 00:43:01,645
but it's an heirloom that 
they think the Cherokee

756
00:43:01,745 --> 00:43:04,682
Indians passed down to the 
Europeans when they came

757
00:43:04,782 --> 00:43:08,586
here so that is a very, 
very, very good, tall variety.

758
00:43:08,686 --> 00:43:11,422
Well, so if you can get your 
hands on one of those

759
00:43:11,522 --> 00:43:16,026
if you find some produce dealer 
who's got some, even

760
00:43:16,126 --> 00:43:18,796
if you pay a lot, it's 
worth it because they sure are

761
00:43:18,896 --> 00:43:22,199
tasty. 
Thanks Zack. That was really

762
00:43:22,299 --> 00:43:25,936
great. Okay, Terasa what 
else have we got on our list.

763
00:43:26,036 --> 00:43:29,340
Well Laura Lee was speaking 
earlier about pollinators,

764
00:43:29,440 --> 00:43:33,811
beneficial insects. This is 
a concerned viewer who has

765
00:43:33,911 --> 00:43:37,414
what she thinks is a wasp, 
flying around a mulched area

766
00:43:37,514 --> 00:43:41,719
of the patio. It seams to just 
hover around all day pretty

767
00:43:41,819 --> 00:43:44,855
big and is black and 
white and she's wondering

768
00:43:44,955 --> 00:43:46,690
if she should be concerned.

769
00:43:46,790 --> 00:43:49,426
What could it be and should she 
do anything about it.

770
00:43:49,526 --> 00:43:52,997
Well Laura Lee, 
this sounds kind of

771
00:43:53,097 --> 00:43:55,799
peculiar what do you 
think is going on? Well,

772
00:43:55,899 --> 00:43:58,969
there are social wasps 
and there are some

773
00:43:59,069 --> 00:44:02,940
solitary wasps. 
Some Wasps will build

774
00:44:03,040 --> 00:44:07,277
nests and 
will sometimes defend

775
00:44:07,378 --> 00:44:14,885
their territory. 
The solitary wasps will

776
00:44:14,985 --> 00:44:20,524
take a caterpillar or an 
insect and sting that insect

777
00:44:20,624 --> 00:44:23,827
and put it into a hole 
so that insect can now feed

778
00:44:23,927 --> 00:44:30,267
the eggs or the larva when they 
emerge from the egg.

779
00:44:30,367 --> 00:44:33,303
Having a solitary wasp

780
00:44:33,404 --> 00:44:38,375
of some type generally 
do not sting.

781
00:44:38,475 --> 00:44:41,879
They might be a little bit 
territorial but

782
00:44:41,979 --> 00:44:47,051
they're very beneficial. 
So try not to zap them.

783
00:44:47,151 --> 00:44:50,220
Thank you Laura Lee, cause we 
really do when you said it's

784
00:44:50,320 --> 00:44:52,689
getting caterpillars and things 
that can

785
00:44:52,790 --> 00:44:56,427
wreck such havoc in our 
garden that's a good tip to

786
00:44:56,527 --> 00:44:57,995
know. We sure do 
appreciate your sharing

787
00:44:58,095 --> 00:45:02,966
that information with us. 
And now as those of you who've

788
00:45:03,067 --> 00:45:04,968
been watching and being 
friends with us for a

789
00:45:05,069 --> 00:45:09,206
long time know Katie Dickson. 
And Katie is now at Magnolia

790
00:45:09,306 --> 00:45:12,543
Gardens in Charleston. 
And I want to remind

791
00:45:12,643 --> 00:45:14,678
people that many of our 
public gardens are open on

792
00:45:14,778 --> 00:45:17,714
a limited basis. Magnolia, 
Middleton, some of the

793
00:45:17,815 --> 00:45:21,018
ones of historic Columbia 
and other places in

794
00:45:21,118 --> 00:45:23,320
the state. And they certainly 
need your support

795
00:45:23,420 --> 00:45:27,791
during these times when they are 
limited in what they can offer.

796
00:45:27,891 --> 00:45:29,927
But Katie has a 
pollinator garden

797
00:45:30,027 --> 00:45:32,062
that she started 
in the middle of the

798
00:45:32,162 --> 00:45:35,666
parking lot at the 
apartment complex where

799
00:45:35,766 --> 00:45:38,001
she lives. And I declare 
I think you're going to

800
00:45:38,102 --> 00:45:40,838
enjoy seeing what she's done. 
So let's go visit Katie Dickson

801
00:45:40,938 --> 00:45:42,573
down in Charleston.

802
00:45:44,408 --> 00:45:50,848
♪

803
00:45:50,948 --> 00:45:54,518
I'm visiting Katie Dickson. 
Katie is someone we

804
00:45:54,618 --> 00:45:57,421
always loved talking to 
and she now is the

805
00:45:57,521 --> 00:46:02,025
floriculturist at Magnolia 
Gardens. And what

806
00:46:02,126 --> 00:46:04,795
does that mean 
exactly?

807
00:46:04,895 --> 00:46:08,732
So my role at magnolia is to 
be the horticulturist that

808
00:46:08,832 --> 00:46:12,469
focuses primarily on the 
annual flowering

809
00:46:12,569 --> 00:46:17,441
inspiration. A lot of our high 
traffic areas around kiosk,

810
00:46:17,541 --> 00:46:23,814
walking trails and the flower 
areas are now my responsibility

811
00:46:23,914 --> 00:46:26,250
and I'm having so much fun with 
them. That's fun because

812
00:46:26,350 --> 00:46:29,720
annuals can be really, really 
colorful. and I know that

813
00:46:29,820 --> 00:46:32,689
people enjoy them and you 
get to again have a

814
00:46:32,789 --> 00:46:35,259
wonderful palette to work 
with, don't you.

815
00:46:35,359 --> 00:46:38,395
That's right and I'm very 
lucky that we have a situation

816
00:46:38,495 --> 00:46:40,931
at Magnolia where we can 
grow a lot of

817
00:46:41,031 --> 00:46:45,402
annual material in house from 
seeds or cuttings.

818
00:46:45,502 --> 00:46:49,173
So I feel like 
I'm able to go

819
00:46:49,273 --> 00:46:53,377
in the morning to shop for what 
I need. How fun!

820
00:46:53,477 --> 00:46:57,114
But you're living in an 
apartment outside of

821
00:46:57,214 --> 00:47:00,751
Charleston and you said 
there was a

822
00:47:00,851 --> 00:47:02,686
community garden that 
kind of gone by the

823
00:47:02,786 --> 00:47:05,722
wayside. So tell us what 
the situation was and

824
00:47:05,823 --> 00:47:08,425
what you've been doing to 
try to revive it.

825
00:47:08,525 --> 00:47:11,895
Yes certainly! 
This has been kinda an

826
00:47:11,995 --> 00:47:14,965
experimental type of project 
for my husband and I

827
00:47:15,065 --> 00:47:18,368
actually. Some of my family 
members live in the same unit of

828
00:47:18,468 --> 00:47:21,371
in this same 
housing development and

829
00:47:21,471 --> 00:47:24,841
we noticed 
that a lot of

830
00:47:24,942 --> 00:47:30,214
Summer vegetable crops in the 
community produce area here

831
00:47:30,314 --> 00:47:33,183
have fallen by the wayside like 
you said. Family stopped buying

832
00:47:33,283 --> 00:47:36,086
in and checking their crops so 
we decided to try to

833
00:47:36,186 --> 00:47:39,323
revive it by planting lots of 
annual and perennial

834
00:47:39,423 --> 00:47:41,291
flowering varieties because

835
00:47:41,391 --> 00:47:45,028
we figured if we could 
bring pollinators back and get

836
00:47:45,128 --> 00:47:48,131
some buzz and activity going 
maybe the humans would buy in as

837
00:47:48,232 --> 00:47:51,201
well. And we found that 
has been working.

838
00:47:51,301 --> 00:47:54,404
It probably doesn't hurt that

839
00:47:54,504 --> 00:47:58,475
the recent health crisis and 
pandemic has given people extra

840
00:47:58,575 --> 00:48:01,411
time. It's really beautiful to 
see everybody

841
00:48:01,511 --> 00:48:05,449
interacting in the community 
garden and it's being revived.

842
00:48:05,549 --> 00:48:06,617
(laughs)

843
00:48:06,717 --> 00:48:10,053
Well, did you have to do a 
lot of prep work to get

844
00:48:10,153 --> 00:48:13,023
your little space 
back into production? I

845
00:48:13,123 --> 00:48:16,360
mean I imagine it had gotten a 
little weedy and maybe

846
00:48:16,460 --> 00:48:20,030
all that stuff. 
Yeah we definitely got

847
00:48:20,130 --> 00:48:22,332
good arm work outs. 
Getting a lot of

848
00:48:22,432 --> 00:48:25,435
crabgrass and florid betony 
and all of that

849
00:48:25,535 --> 00:48:28,238
fun stuff. We're very 
fortunate that the soil is

850
00:48:28,338 --> 00:48:33,910
still pretty fertile and 
colorful and the wood

851
00:48:34,011 --> 00:48:38,815
structures had not warped yet 
so we were really

852
00:48:38,915 --> 00:48:42,619
set up for success. Do y'all 
have water out there? We do.

853
00:48:42,719 --> 00:48:45,022
We have a source of fresh water 
and that was tremendous.

854
00:48:45,122 --> 00:48:46,490
Cause I thought oh no

855
00:48:46,590 --> 00:48:51,395
we have to do this. It can take 
forever. So no...

856
00:48:51,495 --> 00:48:53,997
Well, tell me some 
of the fun things

857
00:48:54,097 --> 00:48:56,133
that are growing and 
blooming out there.

858
00:48:56,233 --> 00:49:00,037
Certainly. So in our family plot 
which is just a plant and

859
00:49:00,137 --> 00:49:03,907
flower production of pollinator 
attractions,

860
00:49:04,007 --> 00:49:06,610
right now we have all 
kinds of

861
00:49:06,710 --> 00:49:10,447
annuals like cosmos, some 
pentas, zinnias

862
00:49:10,547 --> 00:49:15,419
We've got sunflowers which 
are the showstopper.

863
00:49:15,519 --> 00:49:21,425
A lot of pictures of those. 
And we've got some avolonias

864
00:49:21,525 --> 00:49:24,828
all kinds 
of different textures and

865
00:49:24,928 --> 00:49:27,497
different colors going on at the 
same time, which is what you

866
00:49:27,597 --> 00:49:33,036
want is a mosaic wall, 
because you'll attract

867
00:49:33,136 --> 00:49:36,540
more than one type of pollinator 
species. Yeah and also different

868
00:49:36,640 --> 00:49:39,376
flower structures because I mean 
even the tiniest little

869
00:49:39,476 --> 00:49:41,611
flies have their own 
place in that big food

870
00:49:41,712 --> 00:49:44,214
web that we're 
trying to work on.

871
00:49:44,314 --> 00:49:47,784
Yeah and so also so that 
means that the cucumbers

872
00:49:47,884 --> 00:49:50,287
and things that your 
fellow residents are

873
00:49:50,387 --> 00:49:52,389
planting in the more 
traditional gardening

874
00:49:52,489 --> 00:49:54,591
vegetable gardening spots 
now that got in the

875
00:49:54,691 --> 00:49:57,561
middle of this apartment 
complex, they've got all

876
00:49:57,661 --> 00:49:59,730
these pollinators to come 
over and do the necessary

877
00:49:59,830 --> 00:50:04,334
work for them. That's 
right and I'm so thrilled

878
00:50:04,434 --> 00:50:06,737
that especially the 
younger generation the

879
00:50:06,837 --> 00:50:10,907
children of the families 
can start making connections

880
00:50:11,008 --> 00:50:14,745
that's the beneficial insects 
will pollinate the crops with.

881
00:50:14,845 --> 00:50:20,417
And not only do they get a good 
food source for the next year

882
00:50:20,517 --> 00:50:22,552
and what not for pollen and 
nectar, their getting

883
00:50:22,652 --> 00:50:26,823
carbon sugars, we too get to 
feed off this mutual

884
00:50:26,923 --> 00:50:30,427
relationship. And so it's a 
cool family activity.

885
00:50:30,527 --> 00:50:34,965
and that the young ones 
can make those associations.

886
00:50:35,065 --> 00:50:38,869
Gotta love science. Well it 
really does sound

887
00:50:38,969 --> 00:50:42,172
like a awfully wonderful 
thing to get to do and

888
00:50:42,272 --> 00:50:44,274
maybe you could take a 
few cuttings from some of

889
00:50:44,374 --> 00:50:46,443
those beautiful things 
out at Magnolia and

890
00:50:46,543 --> 00:50:48,745
slip some of those into 
this area as well because

891
00:50:48,845 --> 00:50:51,048
I know all the people out 
there are so generous in

892
00:50:51,148 --> 00:50:53,483
heart and spirit. It's a 
wonderful place, if you

893
00:50:53,583 --> 00:50:55,886
haven't visited it and we're 
so glad that you're part

894
00:50:55,986 --> 00:51:00,657
of their staff now. Oh thank 
you. So am I. It is a really

895
00:51:00,757 --> 00:51:03,226
solid team. A lot of 
creatives out there.

896
00:51:03,326 --> 00:51:05,729
we'll take good care and 
don't get too hot when

897
00:51:05,829 --> 00:51:07,831
when we get into the 
middle of summer.

898
00:51:07,931 --> 00:51:11,635
Be careful. 
Thank you. Thank you. Bye.

899
00:51:28,318 --> 00:51:31,121
It's good to see our friend 
Katie Dixon again. And we

900
00:51:31,221 --> 00:51:34,357
hope she'll share more of 
what she's doing the down there

901
00:51:34,458 --> 00:51:38,028
in Charleston. Perhaps 
more news from Middleton.

902
00:51:38,128 --> 00:51:40,430
I mean Magnolia. Both 
are beautiful but Katie

903
00:51:40,530 --> 00:51:43,467
is at Magnolia and 
she's having a wonderful time

904
00:51:43,567 --> 00:51:46,803
because she loves color 
and drama. What a perfect

905
00:51:46,903 --> 00:51:50,073
match of a job in a person. 
Well, Teresa let's get one

906
00:51:50,173 --> 00:51:53,577
more question in before we have 
to say goodbye to everybody.

907
00:51:53,677 --> 00:51:55,679
Well one of the benefits of 
gardening in South

908
00:51:55,779 --> 00:51:58,482
Carolina is a long 
growing season. A lot of

909
00:51:58,582 --> 00:52:02,619
vegetables have already 
come and gone. What varieties

910
00:52:02,719 --> 00:52:05,055
vegetables can 
be planted now?

911
00:52:05,155 --> 00:52:07,991
Well, Zack, if you can get 
out early and avoid the

912
00:52:08,091 --> 00:52:11,428
heat or go out late and 
just be kinda hot,

913
00:52:11,528 --> 00:52:13,263
what do you recommend 
people install in their

914
00:52:13,363 --> 00:52:15,465
garden now that they 
could still get a lot of

915
00:52:15,565 --> 00:52:19,503
use out of them and enjoy as 
summer vegetables?

916
00:52:19,603 --> 00:52:22,239
Sure yeah the last thing 
people want to do

917
00:52:22,339 --> 00:52:24,975
this Summer year is get out 
in the garden and garden

918
00:52:25,075 --> 00:52:27,444
when it's 89%, 100% 
humidity

919
00:52:27,544 --> 00:52:30,580
and a 100 degrees. But you 
really have to start planting

920
00:52:30,680 --> 00:52:34,484
your Fall vegetable garden 
now in order to enjoy

921
00:52:34,584 --> 00:52:36,987
other vegetables in the Fall. So 
some varieties and

922
00:52:37,087 --> 00:52:39,990
things I recommend right 
now you could still probably get

923
00:52:40,090 --> 00:52:42,459
sweet potatoes if you 
could find slips right

924
00:52:42,559 --> 00:52:46,830
now. Okra would do well 
right now. And then you

925
00:52:46,930 --> 00:52:49,065
need to start thinking 
about

926
00:52:49,165 --> 00:52:53,370
around the first of July is 
planting a Fall tomato crop.

927
00:52:53,470 --> 00:52:55,705
The days are getting 
shorter from here on

928
00:52:55,805 --> 00:52:58,808
out but we still have the heat. 
So if you can get those

929
00:52:58,909 --> 00:53:01,311
tomatoes in and get em flowering 
and hopefully

930
00:53:01,411 --> 00:53:05,448
get some good pollination, we 
could produce tomatoes.

931
00:53:05,549 --> 00:53:09,452
What I like to tell people, 
crops in the Fall, like

932
00:53:09,553 --> 00:53:13,056
eggplant, okra and peppers 
you can re-tune those. That's a

933
00:53:13,156 --> 00:53:16,626
cool technique when you go in 
with whoppers and you cut them

934
00:53:16,726 --> 00:53:19,162
about eight to twelve inches 
off the ground start

935
00:53:19,262 --> 00:53:21,798
to fertilize them again, start 
to water them

936
00:53:21,898 --> 00:53:24,200
again and they'll fruit 
again for a Fall crop.

937
00:53:24,301 --> 00:53:26,903
So that's a really good way to 
save space and a little bit

938
00:53:27,003 --> 00:53:29,973
of time going into the Fall, 
trying to get some more

939
00:53:30,073 --> 00:53:32,375
production out of those 
crops when you do

940
00:53:32,475 --> 00:53:34,211
it in the Spring. 
And then do you

941
00:53:34,311 --> 00:53:36,680
think a lot of the garden 
centers this year with

942
00:53:36,780 --> 00:53:38,582
everyone so interested in 
gardening will still be

943
00:53:38,682 --> 00:53:41,551
having some transplants 
out there?

944
00:53:41,651 --> 00:53:44,521
Yes I think they're going to 
produce a lot of

945
00:53:44,621 --> 00:53:48,258
transplants cause gardening was 
super hot this past year.

946
00:53:48,358 --> 00:53:51,161
It almost I mean it really 
did get hard to find seed,

947
00:53:51,261 --> 00:53:53,830
especially on some of the more 
popular varieties.

948
00:53:53,930 --> 00:53:56,299
The local stores here in 
Charleston.

949
00:53:56,399 --> 00:53:58,802
Hopefully people are 
catching the bug and

950
00:53:58,902 --> 00:54:00,971
this is something that 
continues every year not

951
00:54:01,071 --> 00:54:04,908
just a one off type thing. Zack 
and you and I did a

952
00:54:05,008 --> 00:54:09,913
podcast talking about tomato 
diseases and that will be at

953
00:54:10,013 --> 00:54:13,683
SC public radio and

954
00:54:13,783 --> 00:54:16,953
then we'll also have that to 
share with our viewers

955
00:54:17,053 --> 00:54:19,289
in the future. But in the 
meantime I think they can

956
00:54:19,389 --> 00:54:21,358
find that at SC Public radio 
because you

957
00:54:21,458 --> 00:54:23,526
really shared a lot of 
good information there.

958
00:54:23,627 --> 00:54:26,096
And you said you really 
need to kind of be early.

959
00:54:26,196 --> 00:54:28,665
We've got just about a 
minute left. You said you

960
00:54:28,765 --> 00:54:31,034
need to be early and 
spotting, and treating some of

961
00:54:31,134 --> 00:54:34,638
these things. 
Yeah and so if you have

962
00:54:34,738 --> 00:54:37,307
problems or issues with 
things in the past,

963
00:54:37,407 --> 00:54:39,609
you need to kind of 
take note of that and

964
00:54:39,709 --> 00:54:43,046
especially in the Fall you got 
really hot days. Our plants are

965
00:54:43,146 --> 00:54:45,348
stressed to begin with. Yes

966
00:54:45,448 --> 00:54:47,250
And then typically we'll 
have a tropical

967
00:54:47,350 --> 00:54:51,087
depression or storm or 
heavens we don't have a

968
00:54:51,187 --> 00:54:52,956
hurricane but you 
know we have a lot of

969
00:54:53,056 --> 00:54:56,760
moisture, humidity in the 
air and those diseases just love

970
00:54:56,860 --> 00:55:00,397
that type of tropical air. 
It can really spread and get out

971
00:55:00,497 --> 00:55:03,733
of hand fast. So my advice to 
people is to get

972
00:55:03,833 --> 00:55:05,835
your crops in early. 
Get them on time.

973
00:55:05,935 --> 00:55:08,438
Fertilize them correctly 
so they're growing at the

974
00:55:08,538 --> 00:55:12,475
right rate. And really you 
know pay attention to

975
00:55:12,575 --> 00:55:14,744
the bottom leaves your 
tomatoes and peppers and

976
00:55:14,844 --> 00:55:16,913
things, because that's 
where a lot of your disease

977
00:55:17,013 --> 00:55:19,649
starts at the bottom of the 
plant where you don't get as

978
00:55:19,749 --> 00:55:24,287
much airflow. And so diseases 
kinda start there. So being

979
00:55:24,387 --> 00:55:27,891
proactive is probably the 
best measure you can

980
00:55:27,991 --> 00:55:30,126
do in the garden when it 
comes to diseases and

981
00:55:30,226 --> 00:55:33,063
also insects for that matter. 
Well thank you Zack and I

982
00:55:33,163 --> 00:55:36,066
want to remind people that at 
Clemson HGIC

983
00:55:36,166 --> 00:55:38,902
we have fact sheets 
on many things, including

984
00:55:39,002 --> 00:55:41,805
tomato diseases and then 
you can take pictures and

985
00:55:41,905 --> 00:55:44,607
send them there and talk to 
people if you need to.

986
00:55:44,708 --> 00:55:46,443
Thank you so much for 
joining us tonight.

987
00:55:46,543 --> 00:55:49,612
We really appreciate 
the time that you spend on

988
00:55:49,713 --> 00:55:52,916
our Facebook page. We enjoy when 
we're with you. And we hope

989
00:55:53,016 --> 00:55:55,085
that you'll be able 
to join us next week

990
00:55:55,185 --> 00:55:57,287
when we come back to you 
again with another episode

991
00:55:57,387 --> 00:55:59,756
of Making It Grow. 
Night, everyone.

992
00:56:13,136 --> 00:56:14,404
Making it Grow is brought

993
00:56:14,504 --> 00:56:17,140
to you in part by the 
South Carolina Department

994
00:56:17,240 --> 00:56:20,310
of Agriculture. Certified 
South Carolina grown

995
00:56:20,410 --> 00:56:23,713
helps consumers identify 
find and buy South

996
00:56:23,813 --> 00:56:27,150
Carolina products. McLeod 
Farms in McBee

997
00:56:27,250 --> 00:56:30,120
South Carolina. This 
family farm offers

998
00:56:30,220 --> 00:56:32,655
seasonal produce 
including over 22

999
00:56:32,756 --> 00:56:35,925
varieties of peaches. 
Additional funding

1000
00:56:36,025 --> 00:56:39,195
provided by International 
Paper and the South

1001
00:56:39,295 --> 00:56:41,564
Carolina Farm Bureau 
Federation and Farm

1002
00:56:41,664 --> 00:56:42,665
Bureau Insurance.