WEBVTT

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- [Presenter] This project
is a cooperative production

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of the Ken Hechler
Documentary Project LLC

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and Marshall University,

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being presented with
financial assistance from

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the West Virginia
Humanities Council,

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a state affiliate of
the National Endowment

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for the Humanities.

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Any views, findings, conclusions

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or recommendations
expressed in this program

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do not necessarily
represent those of the

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National Endowment
for the Humanities.

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- Your great movement
has many heroes,

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the greatest heroes are
you the coal miners.

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You've taken the future,

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your future in your hands

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and you proclaimed no longer

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are we gonna live and
work and die like animals.

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We're free men.

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- Mark me down as one of
Ken Hechler's big fans.

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This is someone that
understands that

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the government has
to step in sometime

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and stop the bullies from
picking on the little guy.

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(upbeat guitar music)

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- [Presenter] Presented
the Harry S. Truman Award

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for Public Service in 2002,

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Ken Hechler spent a
lifetime establishing

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a formidable reputation
through his efforts

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on behalf of ordinary people.

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His passionate
pursuit of justice

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sprang from his experience

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as a political science professor

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and combat historian,

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as a researcher for
presidents Franklin Roosevelt

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and Harry Truman,

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and as a US Congressman
and West Virginia

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Secretary of State.

01:39.366 --> 01:41.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
The philosophies,
decisions, and events

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shaping Ken Hechler's life offer

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a detailed study in
character and the merits

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and challenges of politics
and public service.

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- To me it takes a very
special kind of a talent

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to be the type of a servant
that Dr. Hechler has been,

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to do anything else in
the way of an occupation

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other than working with people.

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I just don't think
you'd be successful.

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(upbeat guitar music)

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- Ken Hechler was
always this person who

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really didn't say that much,

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but his presence made
you feel comfortable

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to engage him and to trust him.

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- He looks at you
and kind of looks,

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then he nods and listens to you.

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You have the feeling
every word you say

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he's digesting and that
he's gonna think about that.

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- Ken had this great
zest for public service.

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I mean there was an
enthusiasm that he brought

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to public life that I think was

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a distinguishing characteristic.

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- I think politics
and public service,

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and I put those two together,

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are the life blood
of Ken Hechler.

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He loves the challenge.

03:11.233 --> 03:13.233 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
It invigorates him.

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It energizes him.

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- Ken always remind
me of a windmill.

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I mean he was everywhere.

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I mean he was in the
front row, the back row,

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always button holing
somebody and always talking

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about something for West
Virginia or his constituents.

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I've been in politics
all my life and

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I don't remember seeing
anything like it.

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- Lincoln said that
governments should do

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for people what people
cannot individually

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or collectively
do for themselves.

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- [Presenter] As a
student of history

03:41.500 --> 03:44.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and as a public servant, Ken
Hechler came to understand

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that people make
government work,

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the government must be
accessible to the people,

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the government must
serve the people,

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and that government
without justice

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leads to people to ruin.

03:56.066 --> 03:57.800 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
- What's justice?

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Just a sense of fair play.

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It is a level playing
field that all people

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regardless of their
station in life,

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regardless of their class,

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regardless of how
much money they have,

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regardless of their ethnicity,

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regardless of they look,

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everybody is treated equally.

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That's justice.

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- The mark of a good politician
is to provide justice.

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- I'm gonna fight for
a labor reform bill

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which will help clean
up racketeering--

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- It's one of the things, it's
the hallmark of Ken Hechler.

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But whatever you may
disagree with him

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I don't think you could
ever question his motive

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that he tried to do what
he thinks is in fact just.

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- The preamble to
the Constitution of
the United States

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sets certain priorities.

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The very first priority
is establish justice.

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We the People of
the United States,

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in Order to form a more perfect
Union, establish Justice.

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Establish for whom?

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For we the people,

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the most important
individuals, human beings,

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not special interest,
not corporations,

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not heads of labor unions,

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not any other special
interest, but We the people.

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- [Presenter] Central to
the story of Ken Hechler

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are individuals in
government, in politics,

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acting on behalf of the
people they represent.

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- Politics is a
noble profession.

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To go into politics is to enter

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one of the most important
human endeavors.

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- It's hard work,
it's challenging,

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but it can also be
enormously gratifying.

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If you know what you're doing

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and you're effective at it,

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you can make positive
things happen that otherwise

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would not happen.

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- Politics is the
authoritative allocation

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of scare resources.

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There is never
enough to go around

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for everything that is good.

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Someone in authority
has to determine

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what are we going to do.

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Shall we build a new school
room or a new highway?

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Shall we develop more tourism

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or shall we help mental health?

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That's what politics
is, pure and simple.

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So if you really want to
do good with a capital G,

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politics is where it's at.

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- But in the popular sense
politics is thought of

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as a game of winning
elections at whatever cost.

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- I must say for my experience
it's the politicians

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that have given
politics a bad name by

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just winning to hold
office and wanting

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to get re-elected rather than

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using their office as
what Theodore Roosevelt

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described as a bullied pulpit.

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It was very inspiring
because he set an example.

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He always had the underlying
principle of justice.

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(calm music)

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- [Presenter] Ken Hechler's
pursuit of justice

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is rooted in progressivism
driven most notably

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by Theodore Roosevelt,

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the movement tackled
social and economic woes

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arising during the
industrial revolution.

07:22.333 --> 07:24.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- Progressives were driven by

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a true sense of social justice
for the poor, let's say,

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or the dispossessed
on the one hand,

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and seeing their
self interest served

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by rectifying that injustice.

07:36.900 --> 07:40.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And also seeing their
self-interest served by

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a continuation of capitalism.

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- [Theodore] Our aim is to
promote prosperity and then

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to see the prosperity
is passed around,

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that there is a proper
division of prosperity.

07:54.900 --> 07:56.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Demanding
increased wages

07:56.533 --> 07:58.200 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
and a shorter work day,

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anthracite coal
miners in Pennsylvania

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went on strike in 1902.

08:03.733 --> 08:05.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
The strike provided
President Theodore Roosevelt

08:05.733 --> 08:07.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
an unprecedented opportunity

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to put his progressive ideals
to work for the nation.

08:11.866 --> 08:15.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- Up until this time any time
there was a labor conflict,

08:15.200 --> 08:16.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
particularly after
the civil war,

08:16.900 --> 08:18.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the federal government
to the extent

08:18.400 --> 08:21.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
that it did intervene
tended to intervene

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when the strikers were
winning in order to beat them

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and used their
authority to help out

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the business or the corporate
side of the equation.

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- Everybody expected,
well, this couldn't be

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just one of the same old things.

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Give the coal operators
what they want

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and grind labor under the heels.

08:37.666 --> 08:40.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And Roosevelt
surprised everybody by

08:40.600 --> 08:44.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
making sure that equity
and justice prevailed.

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- Which worked
largely to the benefit

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at least temporarily on
certain bread and butter issues

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for the workers at the
expense of the operators.

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Roosevelt saw this partly as
a national well-being issue

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because he was afraid
stockpiles of anthracite coal

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were going to run out
as winter approached,

09:04.000 --> 09:06.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and he thought this would
undermine the health

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and well-being of the people

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and the health and
well-being of the economy.

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- [Presenter] A sound
recording made 10 years later

09:12.366 --> 09:15.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
captured the essence or
Theodore Roosevelt's commitment

09:15.933 --> 09:18.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to social and
industrial justice.

09:18.966 --> 09:20.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Theodore] As a
people we cannot afford

09:20.700 --> 09:22.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
to let any group of citizens

09:22.100 --> 09:24.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
or any individual
citizens live on labor

09:24.300 --> 09:28.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
under conditions which are
injurious to the common welfare.

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Industry therefore
must submit to such

09:30.233 --> 09:32.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
public regulation as
well make it a means

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of life and health not
of death or inhibition.

09:36.066 --> 09:38.466 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(calm music)

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- [Presenter] In 1918
Theodore Roosevelt

09:52.666 --> 09:55.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
addressed a crowd near
his Long Island home

09:55.633 --> 09:57.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and impressed the Hechler family

09:57.333 --> 09:59.566 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
of Roslyn, New York.

09:59.566 --> 10:03.033 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- Instead of sitting up on
the stage or walking out

10:03.033 --> 10:04.866 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
from behind the curtain,

10:04.866 --> 10:07.700 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
he started at the back
of the audience and

10:07.700 --> 10:11.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
walked down the aisle
shaking hands with people

10:13.033 --> 10:15.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
grinning in such a way
that looked like his teeth

10:15.466 --> 10:18.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
were moving from side to side.

10:18.533 --> 10:21.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
But it was such a
dramatic difference

10:21.166 --> 10:24.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
for most politicians
in the manner in which

10:24.133 --> 10:27.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
he showed how
excited he was about

10:27.366 --> 10:29.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
getting out among the people.

10:29.766 --> 10:32.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Ken's parents,
Charles and Catherine Hechler

10:32.766 --> 10:35.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
were staunch
Republicans and ardent

10:35.000 --> 10:37.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
practitioners of what
Theodore Roosevelt

10:37.133 --> 10:40.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
described as the strenuous life.

10:40.433 --> 10:42.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- Theodore Roosevelt denounced

10:42.800 --> 10:47.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
what he called the
doctrine of ignoble ease.

10:47.000 --> 10:49.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
He always used to say
as a person gets older

10:49.900 --> 10:54.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
it's much better to wear
out than to rust out,

10:54.333 --> 10:57.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
to be active, to participate,

10:57.400 --> 11:00.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to work hard, and
not to vegetate.

11:02.133 --> 11:03.733 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- [Presenter] Charles Hechler

11:03.733 --> 11:05.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
after teaching animal
husbandry at the

11:05.600 --> 11:08.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
University of Missouri
became superintendent

11:08.133 --> 11:11.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of Harbor Hill,
a 600 acre estate

11:11.300 --> 11:14.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
owned by Long Island
millionaire Clarence Mackay.

11:14.466 --> 11:17.433 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- There are about 150
employees on the estate.

11:17.433 --> 11:18.933 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
They were self-sufficient.

11:18.933 --> 11:20.900 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
They had their own dairy, they
had their own chicken farm,

11:20.900 --> 11:23.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
their own gardens and
everything that they supplied

11:23.100 --> 11:24.766 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
the main house with.

11:26.233 --> 11:28.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] As the estate
attracted immigrants to work

11:28.400 --> 11:30.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and local children to play,

11:30.433 --> 11:33.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Harbor Hill reflected
America's growing diversity

11:33.700 --> 11:35.266 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
and disparity.

11:35.266 --> 11:37.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Ester Bowman, while
visiting in her aunt

11:37.466 --> 11:39.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Catherine's colonial farmhouse,

11:39.533 --> 11:42.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
marveled at the
Hechler's lifestyle.

11:42.100 --> 11:45.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- We always sat in
the dining room,

11:45.766 --> 11:48.900 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
and there was a
buzzer on the table

11:48.900 --> 11:52.233 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
that my aunt would
press when she wanted

11:54.533 --> 11:56.933 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
the cook to come in.

11:56.933 --> 11:58.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Amid the
luxurious trappings

11:58.766 --> 12:01.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and perks of Charles' job,

12:01.100 --> 12:02.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
he and Catherine
committed themselves

12:02.966 --> 12:05.933 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
to serving the less fortunate.

12:05.933 --> 12:07.700 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
- They looked at life

12:08.766 --> 12:11.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and interpreted it honestly.

12:13.000 --> 12:16.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And they wanted to
make life better.

12:17.233 --> 12:19.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Besides
overseeing Harbor Hill,

12:19.533 --> 12:21.033 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Charles Hechler helped organize

12:21.033 --> 12:23.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
the Nassau County Farm Bureau.

12:23.166 --> 12:25.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
He started the first
Boy Scout troop

12:25.133 --> 12:26.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and the local Kiwanis Club.

12:26.900 --> 12:29.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Charles also served
on City Council

12:29.000 --> 12:31.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and chaired the
local national bank

12:31.000 --> 12:33.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and the Roslyn
Board of Education.

12:35.000 --> 12:37.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Catherine Hechler, a
former school teacher,

12:37.133 --> 12:39.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
painted landscapes
and cultivated

12:39.000 --> 12:41.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
award winning chrysanthemums.

12:41.400 --> 12:44.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
She also served as vice
president of the Nassau County

12:44.100 --> 12:46.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Women's Republican Federation

12:46.166 --> 12:48.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and worked on behalf of
the County Home Bureau,

12:48.400 --> 12:52.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
the Red Cross, and District
Nurses Association.

12:52.866 --> 12:54.733 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- Both of them were on
the Board of Directors

12:54.733 --> 12:57.433 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
of the Roslyn
Neighborhood Association

12:57.433 --> 13:00.333 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
which was founded about 1915.

13:00.333 --> 13:04.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
And that was the major
benevolent group here in Roslyn,

13:04.066 --> 13:06.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and they were involved
in helping to assimilate

13:06.533 --> 13:09.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
new immigrants
through typing classes

13:09.433 --> 13:11.000 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
or English classes.

13:12.233 --> 13:14.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Members of
Trinity Episcopal Church

13:14.200 --> 13:16.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
in Roslyn, the
Hechlers were driven by

13:16.600 --> 13:19.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the Judeo-Christian call
to love one's neighbor

13:19.333 --> 13:20.500 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
as one's self.

13:21.600 --> 13:25.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Every night my mother
used to read to me

13:25.400 --> 13:28.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the principles of
morality in the Bible.

13:30.466 --> 13:33.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
They seem to have
a moral compass,

13:33.233 --> 13:36.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
they seem to have
a sense of ethics.

13:39.166 --> 13:41.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] The merits
of duty and sacrifice

13:41.133 --> 13:44.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
became evident to young
Kenneth in the dead of winter

13:44.566 --> 13:46.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
when Ken chose the
warmth of his home

13:46.833 --> 13:49.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
over the chill of
his magazine route.

13:49.266 --> 13:51.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Charles Hechler admonished
his youngest son

13:51.700 --> 13:54.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
to fulfill his obligation.

13:54.466 --> 13:58.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- He said, "Your customers
will be wanting to

13:58.300 --> 14:00.366 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
"read these over Sunday.

14:02.866 --> 14:05.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"Why are you neglecting them?"

14:05.233 --> 14:08.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And I said, "Well, look
at the snow out there.

14:08.233 --> 14:10.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"I can't go out in that snow."

14:10.866 --> 14:14.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And he said, "But think
of your customers."

14:14.600 --> 14:17.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
I was really angry at my father.

14:18.666 --> 14:23.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
But the first customer
was so overjoyed he said,

14:23.033 --> 14:24.033 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
"Come on in.

14:25.266 --> 14:27.166 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
"Isn't this wonderful?"

14:28.200 --> 14:30.966 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"Here's a cup of hot chocolate."

14:30.966 --> 14:33.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
This happened at
virtually every house

14:33.533 --> 14:36.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
where I stopped that evening.

14:36.233 --> 14:39.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And I began to think
as I trudged back,

14:39.400 --> 14:42.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
my father's a lot smarter
than I thought he was.

14:42.600 --> 14:45.033 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(calm music)

14:56.733 --> 14:58.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Despite
such significant gains

14:58.633 --> 15:01.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
as the right of women to
vote in national elections,

15:01.833 --> 15:04.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
progressivism lost
momentum among Republicans

15:04.700 --> 15:06.500 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
in the 1920s.

15:06.500 --> 15:09.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
The ebb followed the death
of progressive champion,

15:09.266 --> 15:11.966 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Theodore Roosevelt, in 1919

15:11.966 --> 15:14.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
in the end of the
First World War.

15:14.466 --> 15:17.633 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- Increased wages and
improved working conditions,

15:17.633 --> 15:20.100 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
the eight-hour day, all
those things that workers

15:20.100 --> 15:22.366 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
have won during the war.

15:22.366 --> 15:26.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
In the post-war era, business
is gonna react against that.

15:26.700 --> 15:30.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
And the Republican Party is
gonna provide the leadership

15:30.133 --> 15:32.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
that progressive
wing which had been

15:32.433 --> 15:35.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
interested in reform at
the end of World War I

15:35.833 --> 15:37.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
is much more
interested in promoting

15:37.833 --> 15:39.933 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
the interest of business.

15:41.133 --> 15:42.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] The gulf
between rich and poor

15:42.866 --> 15:44.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
increased to the
point that production

15:44.933 --> 15:47.033 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
began to exceed demand.

15:47.033 --> 15:49.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Relaxed lending
practices meanwhile

15:49.133 --> 15:53.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
drove overly optimistic
speculation in the stock market.

15:53.066 --> 15:56.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
The market's subsequent
crash in 1929

15:56.266 --> 15:59.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
helped cripple the
nation's banking system.

15:59.466 --> 16:00.933 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
The Great Depression,

16:00.933 --> 16:03.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
a decade of unprecedented
economic hardship

16:03.933 --> 16:08.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
enveloped the nation and much
of the industrialized world.

16:09.533 --> 16:13.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- And the slums particularly
and among laboring people,

16:13.366 --> 16:16.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
they were selling apples
for a nickel a piece

16:16.166 --> 16:20.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
in the streets of New
York in order to eke out

16:20.100 --> 16:23.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
enough to get food
for their families.

16:23.400 --> 16:24.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] As a
third of the nation's

16:24.700 --> 16:27.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
available labor force
became unemployed,

16:27.600 --> 16:29.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Americans were
forced to reconsider

16:29.766 --> 16:33.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
progressivism and the
meaning of justice.

16:33.033 --> 16:35.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- At the dawn of
the Progressive Era

16:35.633 --> 16:38.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the notion of justice
is simply to provide

16:38.333 --> 16:40.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
everybody an opportunity.

16:40.833 --> 16:44.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
The depression really
changes that notion somewhat.

16:44.166 --> 16:47.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
People are interested
in opportunity still,

16:47.266 --> 16:49.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
but they're also thinking about

16:49.333 --> 16:52.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the role the government
can play in security,

16:52.533 --> 16:54.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and providing a
sense of fairness

16:54.466 --> 16:58.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and being able to respond
to the needs of the poorest.

17:00.866 --> 17:02.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] President
Herbert Hoover initially

17:02.433 --> 17:05.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
opposed large-scale
government relief,

17:05.133 --> 17:07.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
expecting the nation's
industrial giants

17:07.333 --> 17:09.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
to make economic concessions.

17:09.533 --> 17:12.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
The federal government,
fearing inflation,

17:12.233 --> 17:14.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
restricted cash flow
while increasing

17:14.700 --> 17:16.966 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
tariffs and taxes.

17:16.966 --> 17:19.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
President Hoover's
response to America's

17:19.300 --> 17:22.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
deepening depression
helped shape

17:22.033 --> 17:26.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
15 year-old Ken Heckler's view
of the role of government.

17:26.066 --> 17:28.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Herbert Hoover kept
saying prosperity

17:28.733 --> 17:30.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
is just around the corner.

17:30.466 --> 17:34.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And if we only wait
prosperity will come.

17:34.433 --> 17:38.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
And I began to develop
an antipathy to inaction.

17:40.733 --> 17:42.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I said, "The President
of the United States

17:42.366 --> 17:44.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"is the leader of our country,

17:44.533 --> 17:46.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"why doesn't he do
something about all this

17:46.866 --> 17:51.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
"unemployment and suffering
that's taking place?"

17:51.400 --> 17:53.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] In 1932
the American people

17:53.700 --> 17:58.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
elected a Democrat to serve as
the nation's chief executive.

17:58.133 --> 18:00.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- I, Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

18:00.800 --> 18:02.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Franklin
Roosevelt wielded his

18:02.433 --> 18:05.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
presidential powers as
freely as his cousin

18:05.266 --> 18:07.100 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
Theodore before him.

18:07.100 --> 18:09.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- He set up the Civilian
Conservation Corp

18:09.833 --> 18:13.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
not only to save our
forests but to employ

18:14.400 --> 18:16.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
people that were out of work.

18:16.833 --> 18:19.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
He saved the farmers
who were getting

18:20.833 --> 18:23.366 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
foreclosed on their mortgages.

18:23.366 --> 18:27.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
And he gave inspiration and
leadership to the country

18:27.466 --> 18:30.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
which was so dramatically
different from

18:30.566 --> 18:33.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
the inaction of Herbert Hoover.

18:33.766 --> 18:35.366 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
- Fear is vanishing

18:36.633 --> 18:39.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and confidence is
growing on every side.

18:41.133 --> 18:43.566 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(calm music)

18:54.133 --> 18:56.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] In 1931
Ken Hechler enrolled

18:56.500 --> 18:59.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
at Swarthmore College
near Philadelphia.

18:59.833 --> 19:03.433 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70%
Valued for its
rigorous academics and
progressive ideals,

19:03.433 --> 19:05.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Swarthmore College
challenged students

19:05.766 --> 19:08.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
academically, socially,
and politically.

19:08.933 --> 19:12.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- This was the constant
goal of the faculty

19:14.333 --> 19:17.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
not only to challenge
the students

19:18.900 --> 19:22.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to think for themselves
but also to think

19:22.866 --> 19:26.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
socially and to think
about other people.

19:28.433 --> 19:30.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Faculty
challenged students to act,

19:30.866 --> 19:33.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to lend a hand in
neglected communities,

19:33.466 --> 19:36.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to inspire neighbors
to help one another.

19:36.300 --> 19:38.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Helen Hornbeck
received a helping hand

19:38.433 --> 19:41.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
from college press board
Chairman Ken Hechler

19:41.266 --> 19:44.866 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70%
when he appointed her
Swarthmore's first
female reporter.

19:44.866 --> 19:48.033 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- I thought that
it was such a kind

19:48.033 --> 19:49.533 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
and benevolent act.

19:49.533 --> 19:53.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
He was a recognized
eccentric in the student body

19:54.766 --> 19:57.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and I think one
eccentric sometimes

19:58.600 --> 20:00.166 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
recognizes another.

20:01.700 --> 20:03.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Ken
Hechler's considerate,

20:03.233 --> 20:05.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
unflappable, and
optimistic nature made him

20:05.900 --> 20:08.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
well suited for public service.

20:08.666 --> 20:12.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- He was always so
cheerful and upbeat

20:12.533 --> 20:16.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and would see the positive
side of practically anything,

20:18.600 --> 20:22.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and he had this pixie-ish
sense of humor which

20:22.766 --> 20:26.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
has been evident in his
subsequent political behavior.

20:28.666 --> 20:30.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Hechler graduated
from Swarthmore College

20:30.800 --> 20:31.633 align:left position:40%,start line:89% size:50%
in 1935.

20:33.000 --> 20:37.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
At Columbia University he
earned a master's degree in 1936

20:37.333 --> 20:41.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and his PhD in public law
and American history in 1940.

20:43.100 --> 20:44.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
For his doctoral dissertation,

20:44.766 --> 20:46.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Hechler examined
a movement during

20:46.333 --> 20:48.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
William Howard Taft's presidency

20:48.533 --> 20:52.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
to return control of Congress
to progressive reformers

20:52.066 --> 20:55.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
devoted to the policies
of Taft's predecessor

20:55.133 --> 20:56.700 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
Theodore Roosevelt.

20:58.166 --> 21:00.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
While members of the press
dubbed it an insurgency

21:00.633 --> 21:03.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the movement relied upon
words and parliamentary

21:03.033 --> 21:07.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
procedures rather than
guns and explosives.

21:07.166 --> 21:10.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- These insurgents
were a group of

21:10.266 --> 21:13.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
liberal Republicans
who decided to

21:13.800 --> 21:17.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
revolt against the
right wing conservative

21:18.466 --> 21:21.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Republicans who are
ruling the Senate

21:21.133 --> 21:22.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and the House of Representatives

21:22.400 --> 21:26.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
which at that time
was under the thumb of

21:26.166 --> 21:30.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
very determined, self-centered
friends of corporations

21:31.900 --> 21:34.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
who were not carrying out the

21:35.466 --> 21:38.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
principles of Abraham
Lincoln who would

21:38.166 --> 21:40.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
help found the Republican party.

21:40.533 --> 21:43.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] As Hechler
hitchhiked across the mid West,

21:43.200 --> 21:45.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
surviving insurgents
granted interviews

21:45.633 --> 21:48.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and access to their
long, forgotten journals

21:48.300 --> 21:50.266 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
and correspondents.

21:50.266 --> 21:52.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
The young historian
gradually pieced together

21:52.666 --> 21:56.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
the motives and actions
shaping the insurgent movement

21:56.066 --> 21:59.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to reform government
during the Taft era.

21:59.533 --> 22:03.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- It drove home to me
the necessity of the

22:05.266 --> 22:08.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
personal side of politics,

22:08.100 --> 22:11.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the fact that politics
is made up of a

22:11.233 --> 22:14.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
bunch of individual
human beings,

22:14.700 --> 22:18.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
you have to work with
those human beings.

22:19.533 --> 22:22.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
The people were the
ones that really

22:22.933 --> 22:25.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
were the root of democracy.

22:25.166 --> 22:27.600 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(calm music)

22:42.200 --> 22:43.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] While
earning his PhD,

22:43.866 --> 22:46.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Ken Hechler taught at
Columbia and Barner College,

22:46.966 --> 22:48.966 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
popular on both campuses,

22:48.966 --> 22:50.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
the young professor's classes

22:50.466 --> 22:52.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
were refreshing and innovative.

22:52.666 --> 22:54.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Hechler brought home
the role of individuals

22:54.866 --> 22:58.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and government by bantering
with costumed actors

22:58.100 --> 23:01.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
over historic events
and American politics.

23:03.100 --> 23:06.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Ken] I think that it's
very important for students to

23:06.766 --> 23:10.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
understand the realistic
side of politics

23:11.600 --> 23:15.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
to really prepare them
for all of the challenges

23:15.233 --> 23:17.033 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
which he'll face.

23:17.033 --> 23:19.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- It's what they call
a West Virginia Moose.

23:19.066 --> 23:20.333 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(laughter)

23:20.333 --> 23:22.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- And also to get
the inspiration,

23:22.100 --> 23:24.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of the excitement
of public service

23:24.733 --> 23:27.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
which they can get
from people that can

23:27.266 --> 23:31.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
transmit their own enthusiasm
for what they're doing.

23:33.033 --> 23:34.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Hechler
often brought James Stewart

23:34.900 --> 23:36.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and her Barnard
College classmates

23:36.766 --> 23:39.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
face to face with news
makers and government

23:39.866 --> 23:41.666 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
and politics.

23:41.666 --> 23:45.300 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- He believed that meeting
people was very important

23:45.300 --> 23:47.800 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
not just reading
about them in books.

23:47.800 --> 23:51.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
So we had opportunities to
go on field trips with him.

23:53.433 --> 23:56.233 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70%
- [Presenter] Ken
Hechler, brushing aside
his personal views

23:56.233 --> 23:58.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
of Herbert Hoover's presidency,

23:58.000 --> 24:00.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
once arranged for his
class to interview

24:00.400 --> 24:02.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
the former chief executive.

24:02.433 --> 24:05.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Students also questioned
New Deal critic and 1940

24:05.700 --> 24:08.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
presidential candidate
Wendell Willkie.

24:10.133 --> 24:11.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- I will never forget
the meeting because

24:11.633 --> 24:14.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
he called me "sweetheart"
when I asked a question.

24:14.233 --> 24:17.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I said, "You've recently
become a Republican.

24:17.766 --> 24:20.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"How is it that you're
for free trade,"

24:20.166 --> 24:22.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
because Republicans
have not traditionally

24:22.766 --> 24:24.566 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
been in that camp.

24:24.566 --> 24:26.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And he said, well,
if we're gonna have

24:26.566 --> 24:30.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
one world we can't have
these artificial barriers.

24:30.533 --> 24:32.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Ken Hechler
impressed Columbia University

24:32.800 --> 24:35.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
student Bob Zucker by
inviting to his classroom

24:35.933 --> 24:38.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Earl Browder, the
controversial leader

24:38.500 --> 24:41.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of the Communist
Party in America.

24:41.266 --> 24:45.100 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- Russia, which was the
god of the Communist Party,

24:45.100 --> 24:47.100 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
was aligned with Hitler.

24:48.666 --> 24:50.733 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
They had made a pact.

24:50.733 --> 24:52.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I mean the pact included
splitting up Poland

24:52.966 --> 24:55.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and non-aggression and so on.

24:55.433 --> 24:58.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
So it was not a very
popular move but yet he felt

24:58.666 --> 25:01.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
his students should
be exposed to

25:01.566 --> 25:03.400 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
all types of thinking.

25:04.800 --> 25:06.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Hechler also
invited Democratic Party Chair

25:06.933 --> 25:08.366 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
James Farley.

25:08.366 --> 25:11.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
As Franklin Roosevelt's
presidential campaign manager

25:11.033 --> 25:14.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
in 1932 Farley
combined a telephone

25:14.166 --> 25:16.366 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and amplifier to link Roosevelt

25:16.366 --> 25:18.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and Democratic
convention delegates.

25:18.666 --> 25:21.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
At Columbia and later
Princeton University,

25:21.533 --> 25:23.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the system offered
Hechler and his students

25:23.500 --> 25:27.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
a practical alternative to
face to face interviews.

25:27.833 --> 25:31.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- He would set up a
telephone connection

25:31.200 --> 25:33.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
in the room with a loud speaker

25:33.166 --> 25:35.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and actually microphones.

25:36.400 --> 25:38.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And he'd say, well,
we're gonna talk

25:38.033 --> 25:40.400 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
to Chief Justice Stone.

25:40.400 --> 25:43.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Sure enough Harlan
Stone was on the phone,

25:43.566 --> 25:45.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court,

25:45.600 --> 25:47.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and he always had surprises,

25:47.166 --> 25:49.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
always something new
and I didn't know

25:49.466 --> 25:53.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
anybody who didn't think
Ken was a great teacher.

25:53.366 --> 25:54.966 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
- I have seen war--

25:56.366 --> 25:58.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] While teaching
at Columbia and Barnard,

25:58.200 --> 26:00.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Hechler also worked with
Presidential Advisor

26:00.633 --> 26:03.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and speech writer
Samuel Rosenman

26:03.100 --> 26:06.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
editing FDR's public
papers and addresses.

26:06.666 --> 26:08.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- I give to you assurance

26:10.233 --> 26:14.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
that the people of the United
States will not stand idly by.

26:15.900 --> 26:17.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Ken Hechler
left his Columbia classroom

26:17.866 --> 26:20.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and moved to Washington in 1941.

26:21.966 --> 26:24.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
In addition to his
work with Rosenman

26:24.200 --> 26:26.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Hechler secured
employment at various

26:26.033 --> 26:28.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
federal agencies
serving in the office

26:28.566 --> 26:30.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
for emergency management
and the bureaus

26:30.966 --> 26:32.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
of the senses and the budget,

26:32.866 --> 26:37.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Hechler observed first hand
a government going to war.

26:37.133 --> 26:40.200 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
(ominous drum music)

26:54.800 --> 26:58.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Since the unprovoked
and dastardly attack

27:00.700 --> 27:02.266 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
by Japan on Sunday,

27:04.300 --> 27:05.800 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
December 7th, 1941

27:08.733 --> 27:10.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
a state of war has existed

27:14.066 --> 27:18.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
between the United States
and the Japanese Empire.

27:21.633 --> 27:25.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] In 1942 Ken
Hechler entered the US Army

27:25.366 --> 27:27.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and attended Officer
Candidate School.

27:27.833 --> 27:30.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
There he and fellow tank
commanders in training

27:30.500 --> 27:32.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
were assigned the
straightforward task

27:32.966 --> 27:35.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of putting to paper
their life stories.

27:35.933 --> 27:39.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- I started out with
a sentence about

27:39.466 --> 27:42.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the fact that I've
been born in 1914

27:44.033 --> 27:46.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
shortly after the
assassination of

27:46.900 --> 27:50.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand at Sarajevo

27:50.166 --> 27:54.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
which was a spark that
set off World War I.

27:54.333 --> 27:57.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
It started the smoke of Sarajevo

27:58.166 --> 28:01.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
had scarcely drifted
away when a squalling,

28:01.533 --> 28:05.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
brawling, infant burst
upon an unsuspecting world.

28:05.400 --> 28:07.633 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(laughter)

28:08.766 --> 28:12.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I got a call from the
commanding general

28:12.133 --> 28:14.333 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
of the Armored Force.

28:14.333 --> 28:17.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
He said, "When I read
the first sentence

28:17.100 --> 28:21.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
"of your autobiography, I
just couldn't put it down."

28:21.466 --> 28:23.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
"I could not put it down

28:24.600 --> 28:27.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"and I just read
all about the things

28:27.266 --> 28:29.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
"that you had been
through and your teaching

28:29.833 --> 28:33.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"and working for
Franklin Roosevelt."

28:33.466 --> 28:36.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And he said, "You should
be doing something

28:36.200 --> 28:40.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
"far more important than just
driving a tank in this war."

28:40.266 --> 28:42.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I said, "No, sir,
I've been trained

28:42.233 --> 28:43.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"to be a tank commander, sir."

28:43.833 --> 28:46.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
And he said, "No, it's too late.

28:46.166 --> 28:49.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"We're going to send you to the

28:49.300 --> 28:52.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"European Theater of Operations

28:52.100 --> 28:54.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"and you're gonna be
a combat historian

28:54.966 --> 28:59.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
"to get together material
that can be useful

28:59.133 --> 29:02.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"and lessons learned for
the service academies,"

29:02.866 --> 29:06.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
like West Point and
command and general

29:06.333 --> 29:08.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
staff college at Fort Levinwort.

29:08.900 --> 29:12.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Our major occupation
was with with notebooks

29:12.433 --> 29:15.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to go around and
interview all of the

29:15.966 --> 29:18.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
soldiers involved in operations

29:19.466 --> 29:21.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
in the most critical actions.

29:23.066 --> 29:24.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Hechler
found in the taking

29:24.166 --> 29:26.266 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60%
of the bridge at
Remagen, Germany

29:26.266 --> 29:30.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the rewards of courage,
initiative and training.

29:30.233 --> 29:33.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Remagen was a
beautiful example

29:34.333 --> 29:37.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of how training
provided a unified group

29:40.766 --> 29:44.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
of soldiers who were
able to work very closely

29:44.033 --> 29:48.200 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70%
together in a
dramatic, unpredicted,
unplanned operation.

29:52.500 --> 29:53.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] World
War II helped prepare

29:53.866 --> 29:56.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
young Americans for
post-war public service

29:56.700 --> 29:58.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
and political office.

29:59.833 --> 30:02.833 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- Had it not been for my
service in World War II,

30:02.833 --> 30:05.033 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
I never would have
entered politics.

30:05.033 --> 30:08.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Service itself reshaped
the minds and the character

30:08.866 --> 30:11.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
of many young people in America.

30:11.200 --> 30:13.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Public tervice can
be in some cases

30:13.300 --> 30:15.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
almost an extension
of what you were doing

30:15.033 --> 30:17.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
in the service whether
you were in the Air Force,

30:17.100 --> 30:20.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Marines, whatever
branch it might be.

30:20.266 --> 30:22.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- We were engaged
in public service.

30:22.733 --> 30:25.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
We thought it was
the highest endeavor.

30:25.700 --> 30:28.466 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
Why, because we were up against

30:28.466 --> 30:31.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
a miserable totalitarian force

30:31.766 --> 30:34.500 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
in the form of the Axis Powers.

30:34.500 --> 30:37.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
They were out to take
over much of the world.

30:37.866 --> 30:40.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And being in that
kind of experience

30:40.000 --> 30:42.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
left one with the feeling that

30:42.333 --> 30:45.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
this was a very
rewarding endeavor,

30:45.066 --> 30:47.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
the feeling that somehow we were

30:47.266 --> 30:51.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
giving ourselves,
maybe giving our lives

30:51.100 --> 30:55.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
to a cause that was larger
than any one of us alone.

30:56.466 --> 30:59.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Germany
surrendered in May 1945.

30:59.533 --> 31:02.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
To better understand
German military strategy

31:02.566 --> 31:04.500 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Major Ken Hechler interviewed

31:04.500 --> 31:07.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the surviving members of
the German high command

31:07.600 --> 31:10.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
including Air Marshal
Hermann Göring,

31:10.133 --> 31:13.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Adolf Hitler's long
time confidant.

31:13.400 --> 31:16.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- Göring was a very
interesting character because

31:16.800 --> 31:20.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
he demonstrated his power
of persuasion frequently

31:22.833 --> 31:25.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to show where he'd
gotten where he was.

31:25.533 --> 31:29.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And sometimes you had
to pinch yourself to

31:29.366 --> 31:33.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
avoid getting taken in
by some of his bravado.

31:34.600 --> 31:37.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Sentenced to death
for crimes against humanity

31:37.700 --> 31:39.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Göring committed
suicide rather than

31:39.733 --> 31:41.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
submit to public hanging.

31:42.966 --> 31:45.366 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(calm music)

31:56.666 --> 31:58.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
After the war Ken
Hechler returned to the

31:58.900 --> 32:00.766 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
US Bureau of the Budget.

32:00.766 --> 32:02.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
He taught at
Princeton University

32:02.733 --> 32:06.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and helped publish Judge
Samuel Rosenman's final volume

32:06.233 --> 32:10.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of Franklin Roosevelt's
presidential addresses.

32:10.100 --> 32:12.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- I consider it of the
highest importance.

32:12.700 --> 32:15.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] In 1949
Ken Hechler impressed

32:15.466 --> 32:18.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
President Harry Truman
with a detailed study

32:18.266 --> 32:20.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of the historical
role of government

32:20.633 --> 32:22.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
in assisting private business.

32:22.866 --> 32:25.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Shortly thereafter Hechler
joined the White House staff

32:25.733 --> 32:28.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
as research director
and special assistant

32:28.333 --> 32:29.766 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
to the President.

32:30.800 --> 32:32.766 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
In 1950 Hechler reviewed

32:32.766 --> 32:35.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
President Abraham
Lincoln's decision

32:35.033 --> 32:37.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to dismiss Civil War
General George McClellan

32:37.766 --> 32:39.300 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
for insubordination.

32:39.300 --> 32:41.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
The study supported
Truman's decision

32:41.633 --> 32:43.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to relieve popular
World War II general

32:43.866 --> 32:46.066 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Douglas MacArthur of his command

32:46.066 --> 32:48.600 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
during the Korean War.

32:48.600 --> 32:50.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Public frustration over the war

32:50.533 --> 32:52.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
coupled with outrage
over Truman's

32:52.433 --> 32:54.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
handling of the
steel worker strike

32:54.600 --> 32:58.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
produced the lowest presidential
approval ratings to date.

32:58.500 --> 33:02.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Truman's steadfast convictions
amid public pressure

33:02.000 --> 33:05.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
impressed Special
Assistant Hechler.

33:05.266 --> 33:08.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- President Truman had
two signs on his desk,

33:08.000 --> 33:10.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
everybody knows about
the Buckstops here

33:10.066 --> 33:13.200 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
but he also had a second
side which was a quotation

33:13.200 --> 33:15.000 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
from Mark Twain.

33:15.000 --> 33:18.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
"Always do right, this will
gratify some of the people

33:18.633 --> 33:20.433 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
"and astonish the rest."

33:20.433 --> 33:24.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And he demonstrated to
me and instilled in me

33:24.866 --> 33:27.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
this burning sense of justice

33:27.200 --> 33:30.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
that you do what's
right and then

33:30.466 --> 33:33.400 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
let the chips fall
where they may.

33:33.400 --> 33:35.800 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- I can take care of myself.

33:35.800 --> 33:37.833 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
I believe that the
American people know me

33:37.833 --> 33:40.800 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
well enough for my service
as Captain of Battery D

33:40.800 --> 33:42.500 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
in World War I

33:42.500 --> 33:46.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
to my service as President
of the United States

33:46.033 --> 33:48.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
to know that I have always acted

33:48.666 --> 33:52.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
with the best interest
of my country at heart.

33:52.100 --> 33:55.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Truman's place
in history improved with time.

33:55.233 --> 33:57.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
As President he
brought about expansion

33:57.333 --> 33:59.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of social security
coverage and an increase

33:59.900 --> 34:02.166 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
on the minimum wage.

34:02.166 --> 34:05.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Truman D segregated
US Armed Forces

34:05.000 --> 34:08.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
while working to rebuild Europe
and promoting World Peace.

34:08.566 --> 34:10.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
He also worked to
improve education,

34:10.933 --> 34:12.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
established national health care

34:12.833 --> 34:15.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and protect civil rights.

34:15.266 --> 34:16.933 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Crossing the nation by train

34:16.933 --> 34:19.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
President Truman engaged
Americans and made friends

34:19.833 --> 34:22.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
one whistle stop at a time.

34:22.000 --> 34:24.000 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60%
Ken Hechler read
local newspapers

34:24.000 --> 34:27.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and contacted librarians
and public officials

34:27.066 --> 34:29.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to provide the president
with insightful details

34:29.833 --> 34:32.366 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
for off the cuff remarks.

34:32.366 --> 34:35.066 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- He said call taxicab drivers,

34:35.066 --> 34:37.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
beauty shop
operators, people that

34:37.333 --> 34:41.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
can give you an idea what
people are talking about.

34:41.000 --> 34:42.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- I think both Ken
and President Truman

34:42.666 --> 34:44.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
believed that the
backbone of the republic

34:44.666 --> 34:46.900 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
is its middle class.

34:46.900 --> 34:49.800 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
And the more you do to
expand the middle class

34:49.800 --> 34:54.133 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
the stronger and better
a society you will have.

34:54.133 --> 34:56.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] A 1948
whistle stop in Oregon

34:56.700 --> 34:59.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
exemplified President
Truman's ability

34:59.066 --> 35:02.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
to portray himself as a
willing servant of the people.

35:02.900 --> 35:05.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- He looked out over
the crowd and said,

35:05.133 --> 35:06.633 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
"I know why you're here.

35:06.633 --> 35:08.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"You're not here to
see Harry Truman.

35:08.700 --> 35:11.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
"You're here to see the
President of the United States

35:11.333 --> 35:13.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"and see how he's
doing his job."

35:13.600 --> 35:16.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And he quoted Woodrow
Wilson who once said

35:16.100 --> 35:19.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
many men come to Washington
and they grow in their jobs.

35:19.600 --> 35:22.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
But too many men
come to Washington

35:22.800 --> 35:24.766 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
and they just swell up.

35:24.766 --> 35:28.433 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
And so he takes his hat,
takes a loot at it and says,

35:28.433 --> 35:31.133 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
"My hat size hasn't increased
an eighth of an inch

35:31.133 --> 35:33.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"since I became president."

35:34.600 --> 35:37.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- It was liberating for
Truman to get out of the

35:37.633 --> 35:40.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
White House which
he used to call

35:40.133 --> 35:43.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the Great White Jail
that enabled him to

35:43.700 --> 35:45.433 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
be much more relaxed.

35:46.766 --> 35:48.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
One of my jobs on whistle
stops incidentally

35:48.666 --> 35:50.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
was to get out
among the crowd and

35:50.933 --> 35:52.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
listen to what they were saying

35:52.566 --> 35:55.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and if they were unusually quiet

35:55.433 --> 35:57.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and didn't respond
why every now and then

35:57.700 --> 35:59.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I would say, "Give
'em hell, Harry!"

35:59.800 --> 36:02.033 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(laughter)

36:03.100 --> 36:05.500 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(calm music)

36:17.933 --> 36:19.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] As
Republican president

36:19.400 --> 36:22.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Dwight Eisenhower settled
into the White House,

36:22.100 --> 36:23.333 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
Ken Hechler joined the

36:23.333 --> 36:25.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
American Political
Science Association

36:25.566 --> 36:27.866 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
as associate director.

36:27.866 --> 36:31.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
He took leave in 1956
to serve as Democratic

36:31.233 --> 36:33.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Presidential Candidate
Adlai Stevenson's

36:33.566 --> 36:35.266 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
research director.

36:35.266 --> 36:37.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Stevenson lost to Eisenhower

36:37.100 --> 36:40.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and Hechler returned to
his post at the APSA.

36:40.200 --> 36:43.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Hechler quickly realized
his Washington desk job

36:43.600 --> 36:45.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
could never deliver
the kind of excitement

36:45.700 --> 36:48.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
experienced on the
campaign trail.

36:48.066 --> 36:51.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Most of the employees
would come to work

36:51.600 --> 36:54.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
in the morning and
try to figure out

36:54.766 --> 36:56.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
what they would do
on their coffee break

36:56.900 --> 36:59.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and then who they
would invite to lunch.

36:59.800 --> 37:01.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] When Hechler
learned that Marshall College

37:01.633 --> 37:03.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
in Huntington, West
Virginia needed

37:03.400 --> 37:06.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
a political science
teacher to fill a vacancy

37:06.000 --> 37:09.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
during the spring
semester of 1957

37:09.033 --> 37:12.133 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
he seized upon the opportunity.

37:12.133 --> 37:15.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Word of the new professor's
methodology quickly spread

37:15.733 --> 37:17.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
employing many of the
innovative techniques

37:17.733 --> 37:20.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
he crafted at Columbia and
Princeton universities,

37:20.800 --> 37:23.733 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Hechler sometimes dressed
in period costume.

37:23.733 --> 37:26.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
He found well known public
officials from his classroom

37:26.766 --> 37:30.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and bus students to
Washington, DC on his own dime.

37:30.533 --> 37:32.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Ken Hechler's challenge
during a meeting

37:32.633 --> 37:35.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
of young Democrats
inspired journalism student

37:35.400 --> 37:38.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Bobby Nelson to enter politics.

37:38.266 --> 37:42.300 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- He pointed out we are
an unusual democracy

37:42.300 --> 37:44.300 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
or a representative
government where

37:44.300 --> 37:47.266 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
the people really are at
the center of everything

37:47.266 --> 37:49.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and to the extent
that they are involved

37:49.766 --> 37:51.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
the better the government is

37:51.166 --> 37:54.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and the better the
solutions to problems are.

37:54.700 --> 37:56.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
He was a tremendous supporter of

37:56.833 --> 37:58.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
what democracy means,

37:58.466 --> 38:01.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and especially as it
relate to young people.

38:01.366 --> 38:05.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- I would ask my students,
"What's your objection?

38:05.533 --> 38:07.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"Why are you holding back

38:09.066 --> 38:11.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"and not wanting to
take part on this

38:11.333 --> 38:13.366 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
"exciting process?"

38:13.366 --> 38:15.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
And particularly the women
in the class would say,

38:15.666 --> 38:18.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"There's so much mud
slinging in politics,

38:18.066 --> 38:20.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"so we just don't
wanna get involved

38:20.100 --> 38:22.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
in all that mud slinging."

38:22.400 --> 38:26.033 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
My answer to that was, "I
wonder what would happen

38:26.033 --> 38:28.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"if a candidate
would go out and not

38:28.900 --> 38:32.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
"attack his or her
opponent but rather simply

38:33.666 --> 38:36.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"say what he or she stood for.

38:36.433 --> 38:38.366 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"I wonder what would happen."

38:38.366 --> 38:41.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- This one student said,
"If you're talking about

38:41.100 --> 38:44.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"all this even holding office,

38:44.200 --> 38:46.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"why don't you run for office?"

38:46.466 --> 38:51.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
And Professor Hechler then said,
"Well, I just may do that."

38:51.300 --> 38:53.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] In 1958 Ken
Hechler made his first

38:53.833 --> 38:55.800 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
bid for public office

38:55.800 --> 38:57.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
as a candidate for
West Virginia's

38:57.433 --> 38:59.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
fourth congressional
district seat,

38:59.400 --> 39:01.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Hechler demonstrated
three qualities

39:01.600 --> 39:05.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
essential to politics
and public service.

39:05.166 --> 39:06.566 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- Energy, you gotta have energy.

39:06.566 --> 39:08.966 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
You can be a lot of
things in politics

39:08.966 --> 39:11.533 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
and be a success but
you can't be lazy.

39:11.533 --> 39:14.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
You have to have that
concentrated energy

39:14.333 --> 39:15.966 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
going for the mission.

39:15.966 --> 39:17.600 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Ethics, ethics not in the sense

39:17.600 --> 39:20.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
of the Sunday school ethics
but you have this ethos

39:20.500 --> 39:22.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
that you want to do good.

39:22.400 --> 39:23.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And finally you have
to have that ego.

39:23.833 --> 39:25.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
You have to say
of all the people,

39:25.800 --> 39:27.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
the thousands, ten of
thousands who are qualified

39:27.900 --> 39:30.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
in the position I
uniquely can do it better

39:30.166 --> 39:31.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
than anyone else.

39:31.466 --> 39:32.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Many of
Hechler's volunteers

39:32.866 --> 39:35.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
were students under
the age of 21.

39:35.833 --> 39:37.066 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
Though too young to vote

39:37.066 --> 39:39.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
they enthusiastically
embraced the professor's

39:39.900 --> 39:42.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
unorthodox approach
to campaigning.

39:42.933 --> 39:45.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Back then when you
got into politics,

39:45.666 --> 39:48.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
you didn't go out
like they do today

39:48.100 --> 39:51.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and campaign and go door
to door and see people,

39:51.166 --> 39:52.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
you went to the
political bosses.

39:52.900 --> 39:54.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
You either went down with
the county court house

39:54.500 --> 39:56.366 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
or the state house machine.

39:56.366 --> 39:58.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And they anointed
you in the party

39:58.733 --> 40:01.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
accepted you and you
generally were elected.

40:01.400 --> 40:04.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Well, Hechler was just the
total opposite of that.

40:04.166 --> 40:07.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Campaign is one of
the most exciting things

40:07.666 --> 40:11.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
in life because it gives
you an opportunity to

40:11.233 --> 40:14.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
meet new people and
to be able to interact

40:14.500 --> 40:17.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
in such a way that
you can really

40:17.966 --> 40:20.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
get a feel as to
what they stand for

40:20.800 --> 40:25.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and what they're hoping
to receive in the way of

40:25.066 --> 40:26.300 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
public service.

40:27.666 --> 40:29.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] As many
campaigns concentrated

40:29.433 --> 40:31.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
on the district's more
urban communities,

40:31.966 --> 40:34.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Hechler's volunteers
climbed into his convertible

40:34.800 --> 40:38.566 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and headed for small towns
along the Ohio River.

40:38.566 --> 40:40.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Hechler armed his
troops with copies

40:40.333 --> 40:42.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
of his recently published book,

40:42.200 --> 40:43.600 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
The Bridge at Ramagen.

40:43.600 --> 40:45.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
The book chronicled
the allied capture

40:45.633 --> 40:49.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of the strategic bridge
during World War II.

40:49.566 --> 40:51.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Hechler's volunteers
handed out free copies

40:51.800 --> 40:53.333 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
wherever they went.

40:53.333 --> 40:56.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
West Virginians known for
their devout patriotism

40:56.666 --> 40:59.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
embraced the book and the
war veteran who wrote it.

40:59.866 --> 41:02.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- The fact that he was a veteran

41:02.633 --> 41:04.200 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60%
and wrote a book
that was popular

41:04.200 --> 41:08.333 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
helped a great deal in
people getting to know him.

41:08.333 --> 41:10.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Considered
a master of parody,

41:10.100 --> 41:11.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Ken Hechler
effectively used music

41:11.966 --> 41:15.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
to set the tone when
addressing various groups.

41:15.933 --> 41:18.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- His entire career
he loved to write,

41:18.400 --> 41:21.433 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
he loved music, he loved to
put together little parodies.

41:21.433 --> 41:24.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
He thought music would
capture the attention more

41:24.266 --> 41:26.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
than some windbag just talking.

41:26.866 --> 41:29.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- There was a group of
four coeds at Marshall

41:29.333 --> 41:31.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
that had won a singing contest

41:32.900 --> 41:35.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
by singing the
McGuire Sisters song.

41:36.566 --> 41:37.866 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
♪ Sugar in the morning

41:37.866 --> 41:39.266 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
♪ Sugar in the evening

41:39.266 --> 41:42.300 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
♪ Sugar at supper time

41:42.300 --> 41:45.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And so we wrote
a parody on that.

41:45.733 --> 41:46.900 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
♪ Hechler in the morning

41:46.900 --> 41:48.233 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
♪ Hechler in the evening

41:48.233 --> 41:50.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
♪ Hechler at election time

41:50.766 --> 41:52.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- That would get
us started and then

41:52.266 --> 41:53.966 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
the books will be passed out.

41:53.966 --> 41:55.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
And he was very down to earth.

41:55.833 --> 41:59.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
He talked about his work
with Truman and Roosevelt,

41:59.533 --> 42:01.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
about the great need for
government to respond

42:01.900 --> 42:03.066 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
to the people.

42:03.066 --> 42:06.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And he was a tireless,
tireless worker.

42:06.400 --> 42:08.733 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
I mean nobody could outwork him.

42:08.733 --> 42:10.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
When he first
announced to Congress,

42:10.400 --> 42:13.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
maybe 50, 60 people outside
this campus knew him.

42:13.400 --> 42:15.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
But by the time the
primary came around

42:15.666 --> 42:17.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
he probably knew the Fourth
Congressional District's

42:17.766 --> 42:20.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
13 counties more than
probably 95% of the people

42:20.866 --> 42:23.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
who lived in it 'cause
he made it a point to

42:23.366 --> 42:25.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
really learn about the
district and know people

42:25.933 --> 42:27.300 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
and know the issues.

42:27.300 --> 42:29.600 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
He went everywhere.

42:29.600 --> 42:32.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- Probably hundreds,
maybe thousands of people

42:32.966 --> 42:34.433 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
for the first time
in their lives

42:34.433 --> 42:36.933 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
saw somebody who said I
wanna be your representative

42:36.933 --> 42:37.933 align:left position:30%,start line:5% size:60%
in Congress.

42:39.133 --> 42:40.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- He didn't mind going
into the grocery store

42:40.833 --> 42:42.600 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
or a filling station.

42:43.766 --> 42:46.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
They'd climb up on coal
cars and talk to guys

42:46.266 --> 42:48.666 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
that were riding in cabooses.

42:48.666 --> 42:52.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
It was so unusual for a man
to go directly to the people.

42:54.033 --> 42:57.433 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- People are born and
raised and live and die

43:00.133 --> 43:02.900 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
in this area of West Virginia.

43:02.900 --> 43:05.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
We have nowhere
near the mobility

43:07.033 --> 43:10.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
of population that most places
in the United States have.

43:11.933 --> 43:14.700 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
That takes some learning.

43:14.700 --> 43:17.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
You don't just
automatically know,

43:17.100 --> 43:20.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
but he understood even
though he wasn't from here

43:20.466 --> 43:23.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
that he was dealing
with natives.

43:23.133 --> 43:27.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And he understood
how to talk to them.

43:27.000 --> 43:28.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- He could identify with them

43:28.200 --> 43:30.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and they could
identify with him.

43:30.033 --> 43:34.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And that's real talent
for politicians.

43:34.066 --> 43:36.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- I was told by somebody
in Putnam County,

43:36.866 --> 43:41.133 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
you know there's a farmer
out there named Benet Bailey

43:41.133 --> 43:43.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
who really is well known,

43:43.233 --> 43:45.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
lots of Baileys
in Putnam County.

43:45.733 --> 43:47.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
You ought to go out to see him.

43:47.433 --> 43:49.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I knocked on the
door of his house

43:49.200 --> 43:54.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and his wife said, "He's
about two miles over the hill

43:54.000 --> 43:55.333 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
"raking up hay."

43:56.400 --> 43:58.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
And I said, "What direction?"

43:58.200 --> 44:01.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I walked out there
and Benet Bailey said,

44:01.500 --> 44:04.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"You must be a great
man if you'd walk out

44:04.100 --> 44:05.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"and be here all the
way just to see me."

44:05.933 --> 44:09.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I can tell you this, I
better work like hell

44:09.033 --> 44:11.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
for you all over the county.

44:11.266 --> 44:13.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] In
August 1958 Hechler won

44:13.666 --> 44:15.833 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
the Democratic nomination
for West Virginia's

44:15.833 --> 44:17.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
fourth congressional seat.

44:17.800 --> 44:19.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
In the general election
Hechler would face

44:19.633 --> 44:22.233 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Republican incumbent Will Neal,

44:22.233 --> 44:25.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
a respected family
physician in Huntington.

44:25.300 --> 44:28.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
While the two candidates
enjoyed an amiable relationship,

44:28.466 --> 44:30.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Hechler opponents labeled
the New York native

44:30.800 --> 44:33.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
a carpet bagger out
to take advantage

44:33.100 --> 44:36.100 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
of rural West Virginia voters.

44:36.100 --> 44:39.066 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- He never allowed to charge
bothering particularly,

44:39.066 --> 44:42.600 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
and in his manner he
simply, I would say,

44:42.600 --> 44:45.466 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
put his head down
and head to line

44:45.466 --> 44:49.300 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
as we used to say in
football in my day.

44:49.300 --> 44:52.600 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Ken Hechler
won by 3,500 votes.

44:52.600 --> 44:56.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- It was a stunning
victory to a lot of us

44:56.633 --> 44:58.633 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and the Republican Party.

44:58.633 --> 45:02.466 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
I bet Ken $5 that he
wouldn't get 1,500 votes.

45:04.700 --> 45:07.133 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(calm music)

45:19.166 --> 45:22.266 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] In December 1958
as Marshall College students

45:22.266 --> 45:25.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
headed home for Christmas
Congressman-elect

45:25.000 --> 45:28.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Ken Hechler prepared to
embark upon his own journey,

45:28.400 --> 45:30.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
one that would prove
quite educational.

45:30.566 --> 45:33.366 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- I don't think it's
possible for an individual

45:33.366 --> 45:35.800 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
to go in to a legislative body

45:35.800 --> 45:39.366 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
and expect to get 100%
of what he believes in

45:39.366 --> 45:42.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
or even what his
district believes in.

45:42.333 --> 45:45.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I had been taught
in graduate school

45:45.000 --> 45:48.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
how all legislation in Congress

45:48.000 --> 45:50.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
is compromised and that's

45:50.433 --> 45:52.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
what I used to say
when I was teaching

45:52.700 --> 45:54.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
but when I to
Congress I discovered

45:54.666 --> 45:57.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
that the word "compromise"
is frequently used

45:57.933 --> 46:00.366 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
as an umbrella to try to weaken

46:00.366 --> 46:04.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and drive loopholes into
otherwise good legislation.

46:04.166 --> 46:07.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And good legislation
has been asphyxiated,

46:07.966 --> 46:11.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
legislation that the majority
of the Congress wants

46:11.533 --> 46:15.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
in the fields of housing,
education, and labor reform.

46:17.133 --> 46:18.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Hechler
joined George McGovern

46:18.600 --> 46:20.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and other members of the
House of Representatives

46:20.866 --> 46:24.900 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
to address common concerns
and achieve mutual goals.

46:24.900 --> 46:28.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- When you talk to Ken
Hechler he looks at you

46:28.933 --> 46:31.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and kind of looks
and then he nods

46:31.300 --> 46:32.700 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
and listens to you.

46:32.700 --> 46:35.233 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
You have the feeling
every word you say

46:35.233 --> 46:39.866 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
he's digesting and that
he's gonna think about that.

46:39.866 --> 46:42.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I always thought that
was an advantageous

46:42.566 --> 46:44.233 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
eccentricity of Ken.

46:46.300 --> 46:47.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter]
McGovern, a Democrat,

46:47.966 --> 46:50.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
hoped to bring to Washington
the kind of fresh thinking

46:50.666 --> 46:52.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
he helped introduce
in the predominantly

46:52.600 --> 46:55.500 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60%
Republican state
of South Dakota.

46:55.500 --> 46:57.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- I thought there was a need for

46:57.800 --> 47:01.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
a more liberal party, not
necessarily that we had

47:01.700 --> 47:05.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
all the answers but
that out of the creative

47:05.333 --> 47:09.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
tension and competition
between two different

47:09.066 --> 47:11.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
political philosophies,
we'd probably end up

47:11.433 --> 47:13.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
with a better government.

47:13.833 --> 47:16.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] Hechler also
worked with Republican members

47:16.166 --> 47:19.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
like Kansas
Congressman Bob Dole.

47:19.100 --> 47:22.133 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- Democrats had the upper
hand, we understood that.

47:22.133 --> 47:23.266 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
We were in the minority.

47:23.266 --> 47:24.700 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
We understood that.

47:24.700 --> 47:26.933 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
But there's still certain
things we could do

47:26.933 --> 47:28.766 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
to slow up the process.

47:28.766 --> 47:30.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
But even more important
there were certain things

47:30.166 --> 47:33.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
we could do to
accelerate the process

47:33.066 --> 47:34.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and get good legislation passed

47:34.566 --> 47:37.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
by working together with
our fellow Democrats.

47:37.600 --> 47:39.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- One of the greatest
challenges that a member

47:39.500 --> 47:43.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of Congress faces is
to try to ascertain

47:43.100 --> 47:45.633 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
the public interest
and not the interest

47:45.633 --> 47:49.800 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
of a single group and then
to fight for that interest.

47:51.566 --> 47:52.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Rarely
missing a vote

47:52.933 --> 47:55.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Congressman Ken Hechler
enthusiastically

47:55.300 --> 47:58.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
represented the people
of West Virginia.

47:58.466 --> 47:59.666 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
- He was everywhere.

47:59.666 --> 48:02.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I mean he was in the
front row, the back row,

48:02.133 --> 48:03.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
always button holing
somebody and always

48:03.933 --> 48:05.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
talking about something
for West Virginia

48:05.833 --> 48:07.600 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
or his constituents.

48:07.600 --> 48:09.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I've been in
politics all my life

48:09.100 --> 48:11.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and I had never seen
anything like it.

48:11.466 --> 48:14.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- He was constantly
surprising and refreshing.

48:14.100 --> 48:17.866 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
If you can't stand me in
the pit with the people

48:17.866 --> 48:20.900 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
then you're not a politician.

48:20.900 --> 48:23.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Ken enjoyed the give and take.

48:24.800 --> 48:28.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- And he had a great
way of eliciting a laugh

48:28.800 --> 48:30.200 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
because he'd be probing
and asking questions,

48:30.200 --> 48:32.600 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
and all of a sudden you realize

48:32.600 --> 48:34.200 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
he was getting into a point
that he wanted to make

48:34.200 --> 48:35.700 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
that was kind of funny.

48:35.700 --> 48:39.300 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- How can you possibly
expect us in Congress

48:39.300 --> 48:41.333 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
to authorize over
four million dollars

48:41.333 --> 48:43.566 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
when you haven't even
yet selected the state

48:43.566 --> 48:48.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
in which you're going
to establish this site.

48:48.033 --> 48:49.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Nothing seem to
shake his confidence

48:49.600 --> 48:51.833 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
or his cheerfulness.

48:51.833 --> 48:53.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Most of us have sort
of ups and downs.

48:53.966 --> 48:56.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I've never seen any
downs on Ken, all ups.

48:56.900 --> 49:00.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
But it's infectious
and it's genuine

49:00.533 --> 49:03.133 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and that's what people can spot.

49:03.133 --> 49:05.833 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- He has three I's, imagination,

49:07.900 --> 49:10.533 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
intelligence, integrity.

49:10.533 --> 49:13.366 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
He's a man of great imagination,

49:13.366 --> 49:15.966 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
he's a man of high intelligence,

49:15.966 --> 49:19.866 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and thirdly he has absolute
bed rock integrity.

49:22.400 --> 49:25.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- Congressmen Ken Hechler, a
delegate to this convention

49:25.400 --> 49:26.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
is perhaps one of
the most outspoken

49:26.933 --> 49:29.533 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
of the West Virginians on
the Vietnam War situation.

49:29.533 --> 49:32.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
You are unalterably
opposed really,

49:32.066 --> 49:33.333 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
aren't you, Congressman?

49:33.333 --> 49:35.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- I certainly am, Bos,
and I certainly hope--

49:35.333 --> 49:39.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- Initially I supported
American efforts in Vietnam

49:39.933 --> 49:43.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
but I was asked here at
Marshall to talk with

49:43.833 --> 49:46.166 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
a group of foreign students.

49:47.233 --> 49:49.800 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
They kept interrupting
me by saying,

49:49.800 --> 49:51.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
"Let's talk about Vietnam.

49:51.533 --> 49:54.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"What right do you
have to be supporting

49:54.566 --> 49:57.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"our military
effort over there?"

49:58.733 --> 50:02.833 align:left position:20%,start line:77% size:70%
I found it increasingly
difficult to answer
that question

50:02.833 --> 50:06.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
because it was
essentially a civil war.

50:07.200 --> 50:10.466 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- I think he represented
the conscience

50:10.466 --> 50:13.800 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
of the people
acting on Congress,

50:13.800 --> 50:16.400 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
and he had any number
of ways that he

50:16.400 --> 50:20.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
thought of in which he
would try to dramatize

50:20.066 --> 50:22.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
what those issues
were and try to prod

50:22.533 --> 50:25.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
his colleagues into
doing the right thing.

50:25.866 --> 50:27.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Congressman, from
all these odd jobs

50:27.300 --> 50:29.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
that you've been doing,
what have you learned?

50:29.000 --> 50:31.166 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
What have your constituents
been telling you?

50:31.166 --> 50:32.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Well, you know,
when you're sitting up

50:32.666 --> 50:35.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
in Washington you get an
exaggerated sense of your

50:35.500 --> 50:37.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
own importance and
I think it's great

50:37.133 --> 50:40.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to be able to get out
and work alongside

50:40.833 --> 50:43.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of the working
people who after all

50:43.000 --> 50:45.133 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
are the backbone of the nation.

50:45.133 --> 50:48.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
They're very concerned
about the fact that

50:48.166 --> 50:49.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
government seems to
be a little unfair

50:49.900 --> 50:52.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to the working people
and the consumers.

50:52.166 --> 50:55.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
So far as taxes are concerned--

50:55.266 --> 50:58.600 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- He established clearly
that there was someone

50:58.600 --> 51:01.333 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
in Washington
representing West Virginia

51:01.333 --> 51:04.800 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
particularly this area
that you could always

51:04.800 --> 51:06.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
write or contact and
you could be certain

51:06.900 --> 51:08.400 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
of getting an answer.

51:08.400 --> 51:09.866 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
He had a rule in his office,

51:09.866 --> 51:11.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
a letter from a
constituent had to be

51:11.866 --> 51:15.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
acknowledged or answered
the same day it came in.

51:15.200 --> 51:17.933 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- The only thing bad I
can say about the office,

51:17.933 --> 51:20.100 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
his desk was always a mess.

51:20.100 --> 51:21.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
But if you would ask
him where something was

51:21.700 --> 51:22.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
he would pull it from the stack,

51:22.800 --> 51:24.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
he knew exactly where it was.

51:24.800 --> 51:29.100 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- Here's a stack, I'd say
at least six feet high,

51:29.100 --> 51:31.200 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
walks over to it,

51:31.200 --> 51:34.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
reaches in and pulls
out a sheet of paper.

51:34.500 --> 51:37.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
I thought that was phenomenal

51:37.400 --> 51:41.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
that somehow amidst
all the clutter

51:41.100 --> 51:43.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
he's able to get the essence.

51:44.733 --> 51:47.333 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- Coal miners used to
joke about how messy

51:47.333 --> 51:48.900 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
Ken's office was
but it was because

51:48.900 --> 51:50.933 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
it was the people's office.

51:50.933 --> 51:53.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And they used Ken's
office to operate out of

51:53.733 --> 51:56.766 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
when they were lobbying
for the Black Lung benefits

51:56.766 --> 51:58.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and mine health and safety,

51:58.000 --> 52:00.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
not only was he
speaking out for him,

52:00.466 --> 52:02.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
he was like letting
them use his office

52:02.333 --> 52:05.766 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and try to feed them
when they come in there

52:05.766 --> 52:07.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
or take them to
lunch or whatever.

52:07.866 --> 52:09.333 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
- He just loves people.

52:09.333 --> 52:11.433 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
He absolutely loves people.

52:11.433 --> 52:15.400 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
I've never heard Ken
Hechler say anything

52:15.400 --> 52:18.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
derogatory about
another individual.

52:19.466 --> 52:21.866 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(calm music)

52:27.666 --> 52:29.233 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- I could see when
somebody called and said,

52:29.233 --> 52:32.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"I can't feed my family,
I'm having a hard time.

52:32.466 --> 52:34.300 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
"I need to get my
Black Lung benefits,"

52:34.300 --> 52:36.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
or "I need to get
my social security."

52:36.266 --> 52:38.033 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
He would jump on it.

52:38.033 --> 52:40.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Frequently he was on the
either end of the telephone

52:40.966 --> 52:43.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
personally working
on the problem.

52:43.066 --> 52:44.466 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
He liked it.

52:44.466 --> 52:46.333 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
That's what he's all about.

52:46.333 --> 52:47.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- He was deeply committed.

52:47.566 --> 52:50.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
I mean there's no
question at all that

52:51.700 --> 52:53.466 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
he was deeply touched

52:55.833 --> 52:59.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
by the conditions that
he saw people living in

52:59.333 --> 53:02.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and the fact that
they were trapped

53:02.033 --> 53:03.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
more often than
not that they had

53:03.933 --> 53:04.866 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
no way out.

53:06.466 --> 53:08.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- We heard stories
that the newspaper

53:08.666 --> 53:11.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
all during his time
in Congress about

53:11.333 --> 53:13.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
how he would be the
one who would show up

53:13.266 --> 53:15.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and the farthest
corner of Wayne County

53:15.566 --> 53:17.533 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
where some family have
been trying for months

53:17.533 --> 53:20.733 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
unsuccessfully to get a
social security check approved

53:20.733 --> 53:22.600 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
and start getting
their social security.

53:22.600 --> 53:24.733 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
And he would not only
take care of it for 'em,

53:24.733 --> 53:26.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
he would be the one
to hand deliver that

53:26.600 --> 53:28.000 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
first check to them.

53:28.000 --> 53:30.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
And he had them and everybody
in their neighborhood

53:30.366 --> 53:33.666 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
to vote for him for
the rest of his life.

53:33.666 --> 53:36.400 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- There are stories
perhaps apocryphal about

53:36.400 --> 53:37.633 align:left position:30%,start line:5% size:60%
how good he was.

53:37.633 --> 53:39.733 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
There's one where this
lady wrote him a letter

53:39.733 --> 53:42.133 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
asking for a book
of recipe from the

53:42.133 --> 53:43.766 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Department of Agriculture.

53:43.766 --> 53:46.633 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- A woman working in
downtown Huntington

53:46.633 --> 53:48.833 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
finished her work in the
afternoon five o'clock

53:48.833 --> 53:51.300 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
whenever it was and
went over and dropped

53:51.300 --> 53:54.500 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
into the mailbox of
the old post office

53:54.500 --> 53:59.000 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
which is on Fifth Avenue
a request for a cookbook.

53:59.000 --> 54:02.400 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Now it just so happened
that within minutes of that

54:02.400 --> 54:05.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
postal people cleaned
out that inbox.

54:05.600 --> 54:08.700 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
And the congressman's
mailbox was right close by

54:08.700 --> 54:11.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and they just shuttled
over to his mailbox

54:11.700 --> 54:12.866 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
the request.

54:12.866 --> 54:14.366 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Well he's in the
district so he goes in,

54:14.366 --> 54:15.833 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
he gets the letter out.

54:15.833 --> 54:18.200 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
He looks at it and this
lady wants his cookbook.

54:18.200 --> 54:20.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Well he happens to have
one out in the Jeep.

54:20.033 --> 54:23.400 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- He had a stack of them
in back of the red Jeep.

54:23.400 --> 54:26.100 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
So he drove to the
west end of Huntington

54:26.100 --> 54:27.766 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
to the woman's address.

54:27.766 --> 54:30.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- So he takes off, goes out
to her address in Wayne County

54:30.500 --> 54:31.733 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and is standing on her porch

54:31.733 --> 54:33.333 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
when she gets back
for mailing the letter

54:33.333 --> 54:34.566 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
asking for the cookbook.

54:34.566 --> 54:37.233 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- She meanwhile gets
on a bus and goes home

54:37.233 --> 54:38.600 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
for the evening.

54:38.600 --> 54:41.233 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60%
She gets inside,
closes the door,

54:41.233 --> 54:43.033 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Hechler walks up,
knocks on the door,

54:43.033 --> 54:45.933 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
she opens it and he
says, "I'm your servant

54:45.933 --> 54:49.633 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
"in Congress, Ken Hechler,
here's your cookbook."

54:49.633 --> 54:51.533 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- He practiced what he preached.

54:51.533 --> 54:54.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
He truly represented all
the people in his district

54:54.666 --> 54:58.000 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and tried to meet every
one of them, I think.

54:58.000 --> 55:02.600 align:left position:10%,start line:5% size:80%
- Personally I wish the
man would get a decent car.

55:02.600 --> 55:03.433 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
That Jeep.

55:05.766 --> 55:09.433 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
That I've always thought
attracted everybody.

55:09.433 --> 55:12.833 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
When you become so
identified with a car

55:12.833 --> 55:14.600 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
that anywhere in the state

55:14.600 --> 55:17.466 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
everyone knows that's your car.

55:17.466 --> 55:19.566 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
That's a positive.

55:19.566 --> 55:23.500 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- He was a master public
relations person, really.

55:23.500 --> 55:25.733 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
As much as he was a congressman.

55:25.733 --> 55:27.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
Every time he was
in from Washington

55:27.900 --> 55:30.366 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
he would make the rounds
of the television stations

55:30.366 --> 55:33.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
and the newspapers
and offer them

55:33.566 --> 55:36.000 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
stories they couldn't refuse.

55:37.133 --> 55:38.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- If you wanna get
something in the paper

55:38.900 --> 55:41.133 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
you'd go and try to
get it in on Sunday

55:41.133 --> 55:42.866 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
because they don't have
anything for Monday,

55:42.866 --> 55:44.266 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
nothing's happening on Sunday.

55:44.266 --> 55:45.200 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Everything's going to church,

55:45.200 --> 55:46.400 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
they've gone out to dinner,

55:46.400 --> 55:47.700 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
now they're sitting
around reading the paper

55:47.700 --> 55:49.100 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
and taking it easy.

55:49.100 --> 55:52.600 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
So he would come in and
beat out a little story

55:52.600 --> 55:55.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
on a typewriter
and hand it to us.

55:55.266 --> 55:56.966 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- Here we are
again by the map of

55:56.966 --> 55:58.600 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
the state of West Virginia--

55:58.600 --> 56:00.166 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- [Presenter] Ken
Hechler made frequent

56:00.166 --> 56:02.300 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and effective use of the US
House of Representatives'

56:02.300 --> 56:03.800 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
recording studios.

56:04.966 --> 56:07.300 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
- Ken understood mass media.

56:08.400 --> 56:11.566 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
He understood mass
media's need to satisfy

56:11.566 --> 56:12.800 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
an audience.

56:12.800 --> 56:15.866 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
- Now this bill
will help protect.

56:15.866 --> 56:19.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
- He looked at every
issue in terms of

56:19.066 --> 56:22.066 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
how do my constituents
react to this

56:23.600 --> 56:25.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
and what will interest them.

56:25.433 --> 56:27.933 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- Is there any experience
in other sections

56:27.933 --> 56:29.500 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60%
of what kinds of
work will it do,

56:29.500 --> 56:30.566 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
how big will it be?

56:30.566 --> 56:31.500 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
How important?

56:31.500 --> 56:32.566 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
Where do we go from here?

56:32.566 --> 56:33.966 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
How do you determine?

56:33.966 --> 56:35.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
Is there anything particular
that you could say,

56:35.666 --> 56:37.433 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
encouraging and respected--

56:37.433 --> 56:38.800 align:left position:10%,start line:89% size:80%
When you come right down to it,

56:38.800 --> 56:42.266 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
a good deal of work and
focus of a congressman

56:42.266 --> 56:45.033 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60%
is educating the
voters to decide

56:46.700 --> 56:50.466 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
what is the best
and just thing to do

56:50.466 --> 56:54.966 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
and then to continue to
educate your constituents

56:54.966 --> 56:57.700 align:left position:30%,start line:83% size:60%
to support those
aims of justice.

56:59.266 --> 57:02.033 align:left position:30%,start line:89% size:60%
(majestic music)

58:02.733 --> 58:04.666 align:left position:10%,start line:83% size:80%
- [Presenter] This project
is a cooperative production

58:04.666 --> 58:07.900 align:left position:20%,start line:83% size:70%
of the Ken Hechler
Documentary Project LLC

58:07.900 --> 58:09.566 align:left position:20%,start line:89% size:70%
and Marshall University.

58:09.566 --> 58:11.433 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
Being presented with
financial assistance

58:11.433 --> 58:13.933 align:left position:20%,start line:5% size:70%
from the West Virginia
Humanities Council,

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a state affiliate of the

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National Endowment
For the Humanities.

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Any views, findings,
conclusions or recommendations

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expressed in this program do not

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necessarily represent those

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of the National Endowment
for the Humanities.