- Hi, thanks for joining us for

The Family Plot, Gardening
in the Mid-South.

I'm Chris Cooper.
It's getting hot.

We're gonna talk about how

to keep your lawn
happy all summer.

Also ants can bug
you at a picnic,

but fire ants can ruin your day.

We're gonna talk about
how to control them.

That's just ahead
on The Family Plot,

Gardening in the Mid-South.

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and Garden Center

in Germantown since
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plus comprehensive
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and by viewers like
you. Thank you.

(cheerful music)

- Welcome to the Family
Plot, I'm Chris Cooper.

Joining me today
is Booker T. Lee.

- Glad to be here.

- [Chris] Booker is
an Extension Agent

right here in Shelby County,
and Mr. D is with us.

- Hello.

- [Chris] Thanks for
joining me, fellas.

- [Booker] Glad to be here.
- [Chris] This is gonna be fun.

- It's good, always.

- Alright Booker, we have
our lawn care guide with us,

- Lawn care (laughs)

so we're gonna talk about
good ol' summer lawn care.

And Booker we have
a couple questions

for you.
- OK.

- So, number one, which
is a common question:

what is the most common
diseases in lawns right now?

- This time of
the year we'll see

a lot of diseases in
our lawns this time.

Number one is probably
brown patches.

We see a lot of brown
patches on our lawn.

It's caused by hot
and humid weather,

and we've done had some hot
and humid weather today.

And also you can give it too
many nitrogen fertilizer.

- [Chris] Okay. - [Booker]
So you want to hold back

on your nitrogen fertilizer
when you see brown patches.

And also compact soil.
Aerate that soil.

And I did that to
my soil last year

and that made a big difference
in the lawn diseases.

'Cause I did have a brown patch

and they just
spreading dead spots.

Cutting your grass too short.

Now it's time to start
cutting that grass,

you don't want to
cut it too short.

Mow the lawn, grass needs to
be two to three inches tall.

- [Chris] OK.

- And also, disease on
your lawn, bag that grass.

Sometimes they'll leave a
little tidbit on the lawn,

but now when you've got
disease, bag that grass.

- [Chris] Right. You don't
want that to spread, right?

- And next is powdery mildew.

You see a lot of powdery mildew

when the grass stay wet a long
time, poor air circulation,

you see that grass
begin to turn white.

That's called powdery
mildew. Most in cool season

grass, you'll see
that a lot of times.

And also again, avoid
high nitrogen fertilizer.

- [Chris] Okay.

- [Booker] And grass on the
trees can cause that too.

Water early in the morning-time.

Let that grass dry
off before nighttime.

Another thing is fairy ring.

And this come when you have a
lot of dead stump or something

in the lawn, and it'll be
getting ready to rot out.

- [Chris] Okay.

- That's called fairy ring
and you'll see a lot of time

after rain, where that
little mushroom in your soil

start popping up,
- [Chis] I seen that.

- I have that, Chris.

(laughter)
- [Chris] You'll admit that?

- I have a tree in my
lawn, I had it removed

and every time it rain, you'll
see little mushroom come up.

It not hurting anything,
just there, they'll go away.

Once everything rot and
decay, you'll see it go away.

- [Chris] Okay.

- [Booker] Then you know
you'll see a dollar spot.

And dollar spot caused
by poor drainage.

We do have a lot of soil
that drain poorly now.

If water stand after the
rain, you're probably

gonna start seeing dollar
spot begin to pop up.

Check the soil pH.

You want that soil pH
between 6.0 and 6.5.

- And only way you can do
that is by what? A soil test.

You cannot go out
there and guess at it,

and also cut the grass
at recommend height.

Don't cut it too low, now.
I cut my grass low twice.

And then when I do those
first couple cutting,

then I let my mower up and
keep it at the right height.

And another thing is
make sure we water

our grass early in
the morning time.

Give that grass time enough
to dry off before nightfall.

Two things do that and
a lot of times disease

can become trouble
by culture practice.

You don't want to start adding

a lot of chemicals to your lawn.

First thing we do,
what can I spray

on my lawn and get rid of it?

If you keep spraying
chemicals on there,

it's gonna come back
again this year.

What you wanna try
to find the problem,

see what's wrong
with the problem,

then try to correct the problem,

then you'll have less
diseases on there.

But high humidity,
over-watering,

and another thing we
get diseases on our lawn

is we cutting our grass
with a dull mower blade.

When did you have the
mower blade sharpened?

Sharpen that mower blade.
Keep that blade sharp.

I sharpen mine at least
two or three times

during the growing
season to make sure

that I have a good sharp cut.

Another thing is cut your
grass in different directions.

You need to try
to go in different

directions and make sure
that grass stands up.

You goin' the same way,
you layin' that grass down.

I had a lady call me
that one time saying,

"My grass is turning brown all
the time when I just cut it."

And I say, "Well, look at that."

I said, "When did you have your
lawn mower blade sharpened?"

She said, "I never have."

(Chris laughs)

It was beating it down,
it wasn't cutting it down.

- [Chris] No clean cut, right?
- [Booker] - No clean cut.

Now if you're gonna
aerate your lawn,

you got warm season grass,
you got cool season grass.

You aerate it when the grass
begin to come out and grow.

Now you (mumbles)
right now, but I would

try to do it in the
evening time now.

I don't want
(mumbles) hot weather

all during the day right here,

or give it a cool
off period at night.

But aerate it, you'll see a big

difference in your
lawn thinking there.

- [Chris] Okay. Let
me ask you this.

So can a fungus kill your grass?

Is that a possibility?

- Over a period of time it will.

You're gonna have over
two or three years.

You know like spring dead spot?

You have it during the year
but during that growing season,

it'll go back in there,
it'll get covered up.

But if you let them
get larger and larger,

if you don't do something
to control that problem,

it eventually will
kill your grass.

- [Chris] Mm-hmm.
Okay, now look,

there's somebody out there
watching and they're like,

"Okay, Booker, we understand
your cultural practices,

"but I just want
something to kill it."

So what can they use to actually

control some of
the lawn diseases?

- A lot of thing they
might want to know

what disease they have first.
- [Chris] Okay, that's right.

- You know, you've
got spring dead spot,

you got brown patch,
it's a different

fungicide to control that.

The best thing to
do is check with one

of your hardware stores and see.

Until you know what disease
you have, you don't know.

You can bring it by the office,

we'll look at it for
you and tell you.

Then you go by
the hardware store

and get your fungicide to
control that disease on there.

But that's your most
important thing:

know what disease you
have, got a different

control for your
different diseases.

- [Chris] Okay. So--
- [Booker] And, so.

A lot of people wanna know will
it affect my Bermuda grass,

will it affect my Zoysia grass,

fungus mostly affect
a lot of grasses.

You will see it on that.
- [Chris] Okay.

So why do I have
moss on my lawn?

That's a common question.

- People like moss. (laughs)

I like moss, I don't
have moss but I seen

a lady that's got a lot of moss

on her grass, she
water her moss like she

take care of her
grass in the shade.

A lot of the time you have
moss on your lawn is really,

you have compact
soil, could have

poor drainage, and
normally it's in shade.

You see a lot of
the time in shade.

It normally water kinda
stand when it rain.

You don't drain fast,
it'll kinda stay there

and then all of a sudden you see

that moss begin
to grow in there.

But mostly in a shady
location. On a shady tree.

It's probably got poor drainage

and poor drainage really,
really big on that moss.

But moss, it look really good.

- [Chris] It looks nice.
- [Booker] Some people

suggested to let
the moss take over

and just grow where it grow,
don't try to control it there.

But you need to aerate
it, check the soil pH,

sometimes it's be
on the acid side

and you need to
check the soil pH,

you might need to
raise the soil pH some.

- [Chris] Right. - [Booker]
Need to get it in there.

- [Chris] Yeah, moss looks good.

You take the leaves
off, Diane Mogi's

place has nice moss there,
so a lot of people like it.

- Yeah, we went down to
Alabama and this lady,

that's all she had in
her backyard, just moss

and she have a sprinkler
system on her moss.

Water that moss,
keep it looking good.

- [Chris] Sure looked good, huh?
- [Booker] It sure looked good.

Again, one thing about
moss, you won't have

no other disease
probably get into it.

- [Chris] Yeah, probably so.
- [Booker] This could be

a problem if you hadn't
growing moss in there.

- [Chris] Okay. Let me
ask you about winter kill.

So, I'm sure you got
a lotta questions

at the office this
year about winter kill.

Why are we seeing so many
cases with the winter kill?

Specifically have to
do with the cold winter

we had?
- [Booker] Do with the weather.

- You know, a lot of times
you see a lot of winter kill,

normally it's where you got
a low area in your yard,

and then when it rain,
gets cold, that water kinda

stay there a long period
of time, a long one.

'Cause I've seen,
I had winter kill

and where my house faced
it, everybody else,

snow and ice were
gone, I had mine

about two or three
days on there still.

So that's why over
a period of time,

you'll see that winter kill
beginning to happening there.

So, the best thing
to do for winter kill

is once the grass start
coming out real good,

get you rake and rake all
that dead grass outta there

and just clean it up real
good, and that Bermuda grass

will come back and
spread over that.

Zoysia grass take some
time to get over there.

You got a big spot
in your Zoysia grass,

you might have to
re-sod it some.

- [Chris] Okay. And
real quickly, Booker,

when is a good time to
have your soil tested?

- Well, any time--
- [Chris] Any time?

- Any time you can have your
soil tested and everything.

But the ideal time is
in the fall of the year.

'Cause if you need
to add lime to it,

you can come in and add
lime to it during that time.

By the time your grass begin

to start needing it,
it's already there.

Now, on your soil pH,
it's gonna take some time

before you get a
different reading.

You know, you put it down,
you put it down in this spot,

you might see the same thing
for at least about six months,

often the need don't start
getting into your reading.

But it will help
anyway still though.

And lime is the
most important thing

on your lawn grasses
because it regulate

all the other fertilizer
that you put down.

It won't be taken
up by the plant.

- Alright, well
there you have it

from our lawn guy,
Mr. Booker T. Lee.

Thanks for the
information, Booker.

There are number
of gardening events

going on in the next
couple of weeks.

Here are just a few
that might interest you.

(cheerful music)

- Alright, Mr. D.
Ants and fire ants.

We don't want them
to ruin our picnics.

- They can do it.

- [Chris] They can do it. -
[Mr. D] They can do it quickly.

You know, fire ants are pretty
much everywhere in our area.

I don't know how
far north they go.

Probably, I live in
Lauderdale County

and I don't have them up there.

- [Chris] Really?
- [Mr. D] I do not.

I know Tipton and everywhere
south of Tipton County,

Tennessee and the central part

of west Tennessee pretty much
and south we've got them,

but still, the old
stand-by method

on fire ant control is
using the Texas two-step.

(laughing)

And that's simply
putting a bait out

and make sure if you got a
bait left over from last year,

you need to check
and make sure that

the ants will feed on that bait

and the way to do
that is just put

some of it down beside
a fire ant mound

and sit there and watch
it and see if they

will go out and
start feeding on it.

Because most of
the baits, the base

is a milk base or
some kinda oil base

or something like that,
and it can go bad,

it can get rancid,
and it might get

to the point where it doesn't
attract the fire ants.

So the baits need
to be fresh enough

that they will
attract the fire ants.

And you need to put the bait out

when the ants are
actively foraging.

So you know, in the afternoon,

there's no need to put it
out right before sundown

because they're not gonna be
actively foraging at night.

- [Chris] How far from the
mound do you put the bait down?

That's usually the
question that we get.

- [Mr. D] I wouldn't
put it, I definitely

wouldn't put it on the mound.

Those entrance and exit
holes for the fire ants

are out two or three feet
from the mound, so you know,

if you've got a lot of fire
ants, I'd just broadcast it.

Just scatter it
around your yard.

They're gonna go to it,
they're gonna find it.

And what you're hoping
that they will do,

you know the fire ant
can't eat that bait.

Worker's not gonna
eat that bait.

He has a sieve and he
can't swallow solid food.

The worker fire, I
say he, it's a she.

She can't swallow that solid
food so she will take it

to fourth or fifth instar
larvae is the only stage

of the fire ant that
can eat solid food.

That larvae will eat that food

and then it will
regurgitate it into a pouch.

A little pouch, turn it
into a liquid basically

and then the worker fire
ants will take that liquid,

they will feed off that liquid,

they will take that
liquid to the queen

and so this is a
process that will take

eight to ten weeks
to kill the queen.

And after that happens,
then go out there.

Eight to ten weeks
to kill the colony

because the worker fire ant
can live nine or ten weeks.

Two or three weeks after you put

the bait out, put
a contact kill.

Go out there with a contact
insecticide and spray.

And the reason you're
doing that is hopefully

within that two or three weeks,

you've gotten the queen,
taken the queen out.

The workers live, like
I said, eight or nine,

ten weeks and if
you kill the queen,

you'll still have workers
running around there for weeks.

So do the contact
killer after that.

So that's the Texas
two-step method.

And the reason it's
called the Texas two-step

has nothing to do
with the dance.

(laughing)

It was developed by
Texas A&M University.

They developed that system,
but there are a bunch of baits.

I've got a list of probably
10 or 15 baits here.

- [Chris] And these
are just the baits.

- That are recommended and
then on the contact killers,

there are a lot contact
killers out there

that have imported
fire ants on the label.

Just follow the label.

- [Chris] Yeah, let's
name some of those baits.

- Okay, the baits
we've got Extinguish,

Distance, Award II, PT Ascend,

Spetracide Fire Ant Killer
Plus Preventer Bait,

Advion Fire Ant Bait,
Garden Tech Over n' Out,

Amdro Fire Ant Bait,
Siesta, Extinguish Plus,

and then the Spinosad
baits such as

Ferti-Lome and
Southern Ag Payback.

And those are some
examples of baits

that are out there
that will work.

And then the contact killers
are the ones with pyrethrins...

synthetic pyrethroids,
several of those

that will, bifenthrin
and esfenvalerate,

all of those that will
do the job for you.

- [Chris] Make sure they read
the label on there too, right?

- [Mr. D] Make sure
you read the label. -
[Chris] 'Cause when using

the contact, right,
you gonna pour that

right on the mound
itself, right?

- The drenches you
pour right on the mound

and that's a good way to do it.

Mix it in a five-gallon bucket

according to label directions.

That way you don't even
have to use a spray,

just drench the mound
because the workers

always return to the mound.

But keep in mind, if
you do a real good job

of controlling fire
ants, when that queen

does her mating
flight, she looks

for an area that
doesn't have fire ants.

- [Chris] Come on.

- She doesn't like a lot of
competition and she will land

in a fire ant-free area
and create a new mound.

So it's not something
that you can do once

and think that
you're finished with.

It's kind of an on-going deal.

You know you're gonna
have a picnic in August?

- [Booker] Yep.
- [Mr. D] Booker?

I'd go out there, start
about three or four weeks

before that and hopefully you'll
be free during that picnic.

- [Booker] Though we
see a lot of the time,

out in the field pasture
park, people mowing,

they hit the mound,
they kinda spread out.

And that's how you see
them in field pasture.

- [Mr. D] Most of these
baits that I mentioned

are also good for other ants.

They'll take out other
ants that are out there.

So if you've got other ants that

are creating problems for you,

I would go with
the baits for you.

But you don't have to go
with the two-step method.

(laughing) Just the baits
will take the colony out.

- [Chris] You probably will
be doing the Texas two-step

if you get bitten by some
of these ants, I'm sure.

- [Mr. D] Fire ants,
they'll make you do it.

- [Chris] They'll make you do
the jig, no doubt about that.

Let me ask you this 'cause we
get this question a lot so.

You see some fire ant
mounds that are real tall

and some that are real low
to the ground, why's that?

- [Mr. D] Well,
the purpose of that

fire ant mound is to
pretty much regulate

the temperature and
humidity for the brood.

And during conditions
that are wet and cool,

those mounds will
usually be higher

to try to get the
brood, the young larvae,

out of the real damp conditions.

You're gonna see,
with this hot weather

and dry weather
that we're having,

the mounds are gonna
almost disappear

because they're
going deep in order

to get cooler, more
moist conditions.

- [Chris] How deep?
How deep you think?

- You know, six, eight
inches, ten inches, you know.

You can find them.

- Wow.
(laughing)

- Digging around,
you'll find them.

- And they'll find you.

- They're not that deep, but
they don't have to have them up

above the soil line
to keep them dry.

And I say keep them dry, but
they do require some moisture.

So when it gets real
dry, they're going down.

They like a little
humid, but they don't

like it too wet, they
don't like it too dry.

Kinda like me and you.

(laughing)
- That's right, that's right.

So it's humidity,
how about that?

That's smart. Wow.

- Pretty sharp critters
to be so small.

And they pack a punch.

- Dang, might need
to go to check

our park before we
have our picnic.

Make sure we have no
fire ants out there.

- Check 'em out.

- But you have kids
that are playing around

they don't know 'em, they
might just run into 'em,

get into 'em before you know it.

- [Mr. D] That's where you
see most of the problems,

where you have people that
aren't familiar with fire ants.

I know the first time my
daughter found fire ants,

I lived in an area
where we didn't have 'em

and we were in an
area that had 'em

and she's standing
on a mound going,

"What are all these
little things?"

Because fire ants take a
solemn oath when they're small.

Baby fire ants
take a solemn oath,

they will not sting
until everybody's ready.

- [Chris] Oh my goodness.

So they'll cover
you up and then...

(snaps)
- [Booker] One time.

- [Mr. D.] They hit you
all at once. - [Booker]
They hit me right now.

- [Mr. D] Now fortunately,
we got 'em off my daughter

before they got to
that point, you know?

So if you don't know
what you're doing,

you're not used to 'em,
then you get in trouble.

But people, a large
percent of the population

of the US lives in
areas that are infested

with fire ants and
they survive nicely.

- [Chris] Wow. So do
they have an automatic?

Is it one sting or?

- [Mr. D] They've got automatic.
- [Chris] They've got automatic.

- They can hit you,
they have an automatic.

Bam, bam, bam. Keep stinging.

- Alright, thanks for that

information about
those fire ants.

- [Booker] Oh yeah.
- [Chris] Oh boy.

Alright, here's our Q
and A session and Booker,

you open it, alright?
- [Booker] Okay, then.

So here's our
first viewer email,

from Miss Theresa, she writes,

"My purple leaf plum
tree bloomed this spring,

"but now there are
no leaves on it.

"Can I save it or
should I cut it down?"

What do y'all think?

- Could be bores
in there (mumbles)

- Yeah, I would
look at the bark,

look at the trunk of that tree

and see if you see any gum, sap,

coming out.
- [Chris] Oozing out.

- Because probably if
you've got a, if you have

a peach, plum, or
nectarine in this area,

you're gonna get
peach tree bores

if you don't go with a
preventative insecticide spray.

And you've gotta be
pretty lucky to hit that

as that adult moth is
flying around laying eggs.

The peach tree bore
is devastating.

It's a devastating insect,
they get in the trunk

of the trees and disrupts
the cambium layer

and it causes them
throw their leaves off.

It causes them to die.
It'll kill the tree.

But peaches, plums,
and nectarines,

both the ornamental type
and the fruit-bearing types,

are susceptible to
that, that's why

I don't have any
in my landscape.

- [Chris] Yeah,
you exactly right.

And purple leaf plums
have problems with bores.

- [Mr. D] With bores.

- They're short-lived
trees as it is.

But then you get
these bores in there

and they will actually disrupt

the movement of
water and nutrients

throughout the plant,
so there you have it.

- [Booker] Yeah, I
have one in my yard too

and the same thing,
bores get in.

And over a period of time,
all the leaves were gone.

So it will do that to that tree.

- [Mr. D] This time of the year,

if you don't have
any leaves on your

purple leaf plum,
I'd say take it out.

- [Booker] Cut it
out? (laughs) One cut.

- [Chris] One pruning cut.
- [Booker] One pruning cut.

- [Mr. D] It's called severe--
- [Chris] Severe prune.

- Take it down to the ground.

- That's the best thing
you can do for it.

- Right at the bottom,
don't even worry about it.

So there you go, hope that
helps you out, Miss Theresa.

Alright, here's our next
question, thanks for your email.

"I am having a problem
with large earthworms

"in my garage and
on my driveway.

"What can I do? I need help.

"I have a lawn service
and they treat it

"with grub spray,
no improvement.

"Any suggestions, ideas,
would be greatly appreciated.

"Thanks for your
help, Miss Esther."

Don't know if I'll
be trying to get rid

of those earthworms, Mr. D?

So what do you think?

- If you got earthworms,
that indicates

that you've got a healthy--

- [Booker] Good soil.
- [Chris] I think so.

- You got organic
matter and I understand

why the grub worm insecticide
didn't kill the earthworm,

because grub worms
aren't earthworms.

Earthworms aren't grub worms.

Grub worms feed
on plant material

and roots and things like that.

Earthworms are feeding
on organic matter.

What do earthworms feed on?

They're just a hollow tube.
I guess we are too in a way.

You put stuff in
and it goes out.

But they don't feed
on the same things.

- [Chris] Plant
matter of course.

- They don't feed
on the same things.

They aerate your lawn,
they add organic matter,

their aerate your soil, they add

organic matter to your soil,
they're just a indicator

of a healthy
ecosystem in your soil

and I would not try to
be getting rid of them.

I know that it's irritating,
when you step on one

and you're bare-footed
as you're stepping

out of your garage, but
keep your broom handy

and just kinda sweep
'em out of the way

and I wouldn't try
to get rid of 'em.

- No, I put 'em
back in the lawn.

You know, especially
now it's so hot,

going across the
concrete, help them out,

put them back in the lawn.

- Catch 'em and
take a kid fishing.

How about that?
- [Booker] Bait night.

- Brim love 'em. Yeah,
they're great bait.

If you've got that many, you
don't even have to dig for 'em.

You can sell fish bait,
picking 'em up off the ground.

- [Chris] What do
you think, Booker?

- [Booker] You see 'em,
you have a rain, you have

a heavy rain you'll see
them come out of the ground.

I see them all the time
on my sidewalk (mumbles)

I try to put 'em back in there,
I don't wanna just kill 'em.

They're doing some
good in your soil.

They really keeping
it aerated some too

because they moving
through the soil.

So try not to kill 'em.

- [Chris] Earthworms, I
call 'em little tillers.

They're you're
friends in the garden.

They're your beneficials.

- [Booker] Yeah, they're going

through the garden,
having a good time.

- [Chris] Yeah, and they produce

that black gold which
is earthworm casting

which you can use
in your flowerbeds

and things like
that, so I would not

try to get rid of my earthworms.

I definitely would not
do that, Miss Esther,

so I hope that helps you out.

Alright, here's
our next question:

"My banana pepper
plant has brown

"and black spots
all over the leaves.

"What is causing that?"

And again, this is the
banana pepper plant.

Brown and black spots on
the leaves specifically.

- The only thing that
I saw that matches

that description is
the bacterial spot.

I kinda look down through the
diseases in the red book again

and fixed copper
mixed with mancozeb.

- [Chris] So
copper-based fungicide.

- A copper-based fungicide
should give you some relief.

I do notice that some
varieties of pepper

are resistant to bacterial spot

and you might wanna
check that out

and hopefully, I don't
know how many peppers,

you said is it
one banana pepper?

- [Chris] We don't
know how many.

- You might wanna
check next time,

or it's not too late to
plant a banana pepper now,

to try to find one that has

some resistance
to bacterial spot.

- Resistant varieties are
always are always out there.

- That's better than having
to spray all the time.

- Right.

If you got that problem, also,

this is some cultural practices.

Don't pick our peppers
or mess with them

while they're wet
because you can spread,

it's bacterial, so
you can spread it

and that's just one little
thing you might wanna try.

- [Booker] And another thing,

pepper and tomato get
the same diseases.

Rotating the garden, that's
one of the good things.

Don't plant where you
had your tomatoes.

Put them somewhere else
in your garden next year.

The disease might get on that
plant. So I'd rotate them.

Probably about next three years

before I can do that
same spot again.

Move them around in
your vegetable garden.

- Okay, rotation, crop
rotation of course,

resistant varieties,
and cultural practices.

I think you should always mulch

around your vegetables too.

Cut down on the
splashing effect.

Alright? Well, Mr. D, Booker,
we're out of time. Thank you.

Remember, we love
to hear from you.

Send us a letter or an email
with your gardening questions.

Send your email to family
plot at W-K-N-O dot org.

The mailing address
is Family Plot,

7151 Cherry Farms Road,

Cordova, Tennessee, 38016.

That's all we have time for
today, thanks for watching.

I'm Chris Cooper, be sure
to join us next time for

The Family Plot, Gardening
in the Mid-South.

Be safe.

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