WEBVTT 00:02.602 --> 00:07.340 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Lakeland PBS presents Common Ground. Brought to you by the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund 00:07.340 --> 00:13.847 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% and the citizens of Minnesota. Production funding of Common Ground is made possible in part by First 00:13.847 --> 00:29.696 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70% National Bank Bemidji, continuing their second century of service to the community. Member FDIC. 00:48.882 --> 00:51.818 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Welcome to Common Ground. I'm producer-director Scott Knudson. 00:51.818 --> 00:56.022 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% In this episode producer-director Randy Cadwell 00:56.022 --> 01:11.738 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% takes us along on a tour of the Fergus Falls State Hospital and poor farm cemeteries. 01:20.013 --> 01:22.215 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% So, I want to welcome everyone to the Ottertail County Historical Society's tour 01:25.151 --> 01:29.322 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% of the state hospital, Fergus Falls State Hospital and Poor Farm Cemeteries this morning. 01:31.491 --> 01:39.766 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% So, we're going to get going down the path here and we'll start the tour. 01:44.537 --> 01:53.279 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% So, this is from the Fergus Falls Weekly Journal of July 31,1890. Wednesday afternoon's train on 01:53.279 --> 01:59.252 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the Great Northern Road had attached a special car from the St. Peter Asylum and in the car 01:59.252 --> 02:02.822 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% were 80 lunatics, the first detachment that has arrived from the other asylums. 02:06.092 --> 02:10.763 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% The car was sidetracked and taken directly to the asylum in front of which its cargo was unloaded. 02:14.634 --> 02:20.573 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% With this announcement the Fergus Falls State Hospital began operations and within a month 02:20.573 --> 02:28.381 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% of the opening, the hospital experienced its first patient death. 67 year old John Olson 02:28.381 --> 02:33.319 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% died of tuberculosis and became the first person buried in the state hospital cemetery. 02:36.723 --> 02:43.530 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% So, from that first burial in August 1890, to the final one in 1968 over 3,200 people 02:46.032 --> 02:50.436 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% are buried at the state hospital cemetery. Now the graves were originally marked 02:52.639 --> 02:58.678 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% with simple wrought iron stakes that were stuck into the ground with just a number 02:58.678 --> 03:04.384 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% in the middle. There were no names. There were no dates, just a number. Yet, people buried here, 03:07.987 --> 03:10.390 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% where that white, where the flag is and that white cross, that's where we're heading. 03:13.860 --> 03:20.800 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Yet, the people buried here had names. They had histories. So, the purpose of today's tour is 03:20.800 --> 03:28.141 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% just to uncover bits and pieces of that history to try to give at least some name, some recognition to 03:28.141 --> 03:34.480 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% the people that are buried at the state hospital. Just not a lot because most of the information 03:34.480 --> 03:38.785 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% is extremely sketchy on people that are buried here because these are the forgotten ones. 03:45.892 --> 03:48.728 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% So, the late 19th and early 20th century saw considerable growth 03:50.830 --> 03:52.565 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in state-sponsored treatment of the mentally ill. 03:55.868 --> 04:01.474 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Because in previous decades in the 19th century, the insane were dealt with by basically confining 04:01.474 --> 04:06.579 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% them to prison-like settings or poor houses where abuse or neglect were common. 04:10.183 --> 04:18.925 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% But in about 1850 - 1860, a new breed of physicians sought more progressive methods of treatment. Now 04:18.925 --> 04:26.566 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% one of the most influential figures in changing the mental health landscape was a man named Dr. 04:26.566 --> 04:33.940 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70% Thomas Story Kirkbride. Kirkbride called for more humane treatment, centered on improved medical care. 04:37.844 --> 04:42.548 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% He felt the mentally ill were suffering from illnesses that could be treated or even cured 04:45.818 --> 04:52.825 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and so putting theory into practice Kirkbride developed what he called a moral 04:52.825 --> 04:58.631 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% management plan and that even incorporated new architectural concepts for asylums. 05:01.534 --> 05:05.705 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% So, his plan called for a central administration section of the asylum 05:08.708 --> 05:17.050 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% flanked by patient wings with setbacks to allow for maximum light 05:17.050 --> 05:26.426 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70% and ventilation. Central administration tower flanked by patient wings and usually connected by 05:26.426 --> 05:34.000 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% corridors. So, Fergus Falls was awarded Minnesota's third state hospital in December 1886. 05:37.070 --> 05:42.642 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% First was St. Peter and then Rochester and I tell you the competition to get that third 05:42.642 --> 05:44.410 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% state hospital was really intense throughout the State of Minnesota. 05:47.747 --> 05:52.985 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Well-known Minnesota architect Warren Dunnell was retained to draw up plans for the new asylum 05:55.521 --> 06:00.560 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% based on Kirkbride's concepts. So, when we call our state hospital the Kirkbride, 06:03.563 --> 06:08.968 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% I don't always do that. I like to call it the Fergus Falls State Hospital because it's 06:08.968 --> 06:14.107 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% just based on Kirkbride's concepts. He was not an architect. Construction began in the spring of 1888 06:16.676 --> 06:23.516 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and then the westernmost part, the west detached building opened in July 1890 and 06:23.516 --> 06:26.719 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% it really was intended to be the most complete and modern institution available of its kind. 06:33.025 --> 06:39.232 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% So, despite the progressive approach, one area of hospital management that did not seem to really 06:39.232 --> 06:44.003 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% live up to Kirkbride's moral management plan was how the hospital dealt with death. I mean 06:47.173 --> 06:51.711 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% during the hospital's first years of operation the average annual death rate was four percent. 06:54.080 --> 07:03.656 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Okay, so even though patient deaths were an inevitable part of operating an asylum, it 07:03.656 --> 07:09.128 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% just did not appear much thought was given on what to do with the patient when they died. For example, 07:12.198 --> 07:16.102 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% in the very first biennial report to the State Board of Control in 1892, 07:19.238 --> 07:24.710 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Dr. Williamson asked for funding for a morgue. His request was denied. 07:28.815 --> 07:33.686 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Two years later the hospital's new superintendent Dr. George Welsh also requested funds for a morgue 07:37.223 --> 07:44.263 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% and this is what he wrote: "Since the opening of the hospital, we have been using a basement room under 07:44.263 --> 07:50.970 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% one of the wards for the purpose of a morgue. This, besides being entirely inadequate for the purpose 07:53.706 --> 08:01.881 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% is located immediately underneath a large room occupied by patients neither a healthful 08:01.881 --> 08:07.119 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% nor cheerful arrangement. I would recommend the appropriation of a sufficient fund 08:09.956 --> 08:15.728 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% for the erection of a morgue outside the hospital building." You would think, okay, but once again 08:18.931 --> 08:29.008 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Welsh's request fell on deaf ears as his request was denied. So, in addition to keeping dead bodies 08:29.008 --> 08:34.947 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% in the basement, they were also placed in plain pine coffins that were made by patients themselves. 08:38.251 --> 08:43.623 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% So, needless to say this arrangement was disconcerting for patients and staff 08:43.623 --> 08:50.863 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% alike. So, every two years Dr. Welsh requested funds for a morgue and each time the State 08:50.863 --> 08:58.938 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% said no. It was not until 1914, 24 years after the hospital opened did the State finally appropriate 09:01.674 --> 09:06.946 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% five thousand dollars for a suitable morgue. Notice that there's a smattering of headstones 09:10.016 --> 09:16.389 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% up in the cemetery. So, up on the hill and you can kind of see there's indentations, you know, a little 09:16.389 --> 09:20.960 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% bit, that's places you know where they were buried. But the hospital did not pay for these markers. 09:23.462 --> 09:25.598 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% They were likely paid for by family members or maybe descendants. 09:28.935 --> 09:34.740 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Okay. The in-ground markers that we're going to see, there are several in-ground markers and there 09:34.740 --> 09:38.110 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% are little crates on the side. That's a result of a project called Remembering with Dignity, 09:41.247 --> 09:47.787 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% an organization whose goal is to provide markers for those buried in all of Minnesota's Asylums. 09:47.787 --> 09:54.961 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% They have done some here in Fergus Falls. None for a number of years because they 09:54.961 --> 09:57.630 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% don't have the funds to do it. So, there are a number of these crates along the side of the 09:59.865 --> 10:04.270 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% cemetery with names on them that are waiting to be placed and for funding to do that. 10:09.942 --> 10:14.213 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% So, just in this section by this tree, I want you to kind of look over here. I'm going to talk about 10:15.881 --> 10:18.284 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% a patient who is buried here. 10:22.722 --> 10:28.160 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Louisa Leaf was one year old when she left Sweden with her parents in 1880. 10:31.530 --> 10:34.166 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% They settled in St. Louis County where her father took in boarders in their house 10:37.069 --> 10:42.842 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% for extra income. Now around 1900, Louisa became romantically involved with one of the boarders, 10:45.911 --> 10:56.088 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% a man who ended up betraying her. As the betrayal wreaked havoc on Louise's mental state, her family 10:56.088 --> 11:01.961 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% attempted to deal with the situation themselves, as the September 21,1903 Daily Journal reported. 11:05.998 --> 11:11.070 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% The article says 24 year old Louisa Leaf was imprisoned in a crude pen made of cedar posts 11:13.606 --> 11:18.210 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% in a corner of her parents home. Some months ago her mind was affected in a mild degree 11:21.047 --> 11:26.285 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and she was sent to the state hospital. A short time later her parents secured her release 11:28.654 --> 11:35.594 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% by promising to care for her. But once back home Louisa became violent and 11:35.594 --> 11:38.364 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% at this point her brother built the pen that she was forced to remain in. 11:42.201 --> 11:47.807 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% A lock secured the door and inside was a bed, chair and chamber pot. Food was passed through an opening. 11:50.910 --> 11:55.748 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Louisa is a sweet-faced creature and her tortured brain dwells on the cruel deception 11:58.317 --> 12:07.059 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% that was played upon her by a man only known as Frank. Louisa Leaf died at the state hospital in 12:07.059 --> 12:16.135 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% 1907, becoming the 617 burial in the cemetery and she is buried in this section by this tree, 12:18.838 --> 12:26.078 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% unmarked. 12:26.078 --> 12:28.280 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% So, here is the gravestone of a man named August Boltner 12:31.951 --> 12:36.055 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% and this is what we know of August Boltner. He was born in New York to German immigrant parents. 12:39.125 --> 12:41.460 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% He was living in Oak Valley township here in Otter Tail County when he was admitted 12:44.296 --> 12:52.671 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% to the hospital in September 1890, shortly after it opened, at the age of 46. He's listed as single, 12:52.671 --> 13:01.147 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Lutheran and a farmer. Boltner had been apparently ill for 23 years it says in his papers and he died in 13:01.147 --> 13:09.188 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% April 1904 of tuberculosis. Single, Lutheran, farmer, German, lived in Oak Valley township that's it. 13:15.294 --> 13:21.233 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% When a patient died, hospital officials made every effort to contact relatives so patient 13:24.003 --> 13:29.575 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% could be buried at his or her home area. But for many there was simply no place to go. 13:33.712 --> 13:39.151 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% If a patient was alone or no one wanted to claim him or her such as Louisa Leaf, 13:42.254 --> 13:49.461 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% officials had no choice but to bury them here at state expense and for most of them little 13:49.461 --> 13:54.567 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% information is available on their lives. So Edward Ranknerud. He was born in Norway, 13:57.570 --> 14:06.579 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% lived in Big Stone County before being admitted to the state hospital in February 1895 at age 46. He 14:06.579 --> 14:13.886 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% was 5'5", 123 pounds, blue eyes with auburn hair, single. His occupation is listed as farmer 14:16.655 --> 14:30.536 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and he died on September 13,1901 at the state hospital of pneumonia and he's buried here. 14:32.938 --> 14:40.279 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Civil War veteran, Henry St. Cyr was a member of the Second Minnesota Battery 14:40.279 --> 14:48.153 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% of Light Artillery. Now the Second Battery is really not memorialized in history books as, 14:48.153 --> 14:55.194 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% you know, being great war heroes. They didn't make any heroic charges or hold back 14:55.194 --> 15:02.234 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Confederate lines sweeping across Union troops. They simply did what thousands of other soldiers 15:02.234 --> 15:07.239 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% did during the Civil War - their duty. Made up of Minnesota boys from all walks of life. 15:09.775 --> 15:14.647 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% They served together in battle, overcoming disease, homesickness and rebel bullets 15:17.583 --> 15:20.219 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and after doing their part to ensure the Union's preservation, 15:23.322 --> 15:28.994 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% they came home and lived their lives as best they could. So, little is known of Henry St. Cyr. 15:32.064 --> 15:37.202 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% All we know is that he was committed to the state hospital and died there January 25, 1893. 15:40.139 --> 15:43.642 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This headstone was installed in 2015, 15:46.245 --> 15:51.917 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% with a military ceremony conducted by the Second Minnesota Battery of Light 15:51.917 --> 15:58.557 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Artillery reenactors to just give some recognition to Civil War veteran Henry St. Cyr right here. 16:07.967 --> 16:15.641 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Now remember, I said less than a month after the hospital opened John Olson died. Well, 16:15.641 --> 16:21.046 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% this is what the paper had to say: Less than one month after the hospital opened the August 28, 1890 16:24.149 --> 16:31.190 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Fergus Falls Daily Journal published a notice under the heading "Probate Court". It read: 16:31.190 --> 16:36.628 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% John Olson found insane and committed to third state hospital for insane. Superintendent's receipt 16:36.628 --> 16:47.139 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% filed. The same day that 67 year old Olsen was committed, he died of tuberculosis and became 16:47.139 --> 16:55.014 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the first person buried in the state hospital somewhere in this corner. We don't know, here's 16:55.014 --> 17:00.619 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the little stone that they're they want to install but it could go over the fence line. 17:00.619 --> 17:05.090 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% No one's really quite sure exactly but this is the oldest corner. This is where John Olsen is buried. 17:09.361 --> 17:11.163 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% I'm going to talk about the Scandinavians a little bit, so don't get mad at me, I'm just. 17:14.566 --> 17:21.473 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% So, the state hospital, they saw many patients that were either foreign-born or children of immigrants. 17:21.473 --> 17:29.248 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Just think moving to a new country, the unending cycle of work, isolation and basic survival in 17:29.248 --> 17:37.356 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% those years. It took a toll on a number of immigrants but at the turn of the century 17:37.356 --> 17:43.462 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% there was a prevailing attitude in the psychiatric field that genetics also played a role in insanity. 17:47.332 --> 17:52.237 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% In Dr. George Welsh's 1904 report to the State Board of Control, he wrote this: 17:56.742 --> 18:00.746 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% "Statistical tables show that about 80 percent of patients admitted during the past two years 18:03.816 --> 18:07.786 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% are either foreign born or foreign parentage. The increase is even more noticeable every year. 18:10.756 --> 18:17.963 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Now it is to be expected as this section of the country becomes more settled and the struggle for 18:17.963 --> 18:23.735 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% existence becomes less acute, that the children of coming generations will be of a higher mental type. 18:27.506 --> 18:32.344 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% The difficult problem at present, said Dr. Welsh, is to keep as far as possible 18:34.880 --> 18:38.150 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the degenerate offspring of the older generation from procreating 18:40.452 --> 18:45.257 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% until in the natural course of time this undesirable material passes away. 18:49.061 --> 18:51.463 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Very little, however, can be done to solve the problem 18:54.266 --> 19:01.573 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% until society is educated to a fuller knowledge of the danger that menaces it". Well here's the story - 19:05.978 --> 19:10.816 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% when Emma Lundeen turned 21, she left Sweden for a better life in America. 19:14.253 --> 19:21.793 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Now on the voyage over she met a man named Carl Wick. They obviously fell in love and 19:21.793 --> 19:26.632 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% they married in September 1883 and several years later homesteaded in Pennington County, 19:29.701 --> 19:35.807 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Thief River Falls being the county seat. So, by 1895 Carl and Emma had four daughters and two sons. 19:38.377 --> 19:43.949 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% That's six. Seven years later a son and three more daughters had been added to the family. 19:47.920 --> 19:57.696 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% in 1903, Carl suddenly died leaving Emma with 10 children, little money and no means of support. 20:01.867 --> 20:09.575 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Within a year of his death, she was committed to the state hospital. Her mind having, as they said 20:09.575 --> 20:14.379 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% failed from the responsibility of being left penniless with 10 children to care for. 20:18.450 --> 20:25.857 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% 15 months after her committal, she died at age 44 and is buried here at the cemetery. I don't 20:25.857 --> 20:34.900 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% think genetics has anything to do with that. I think 10 children and no means of support, wow. 20:38.604 --> 20:42.574 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% There's a white marker, another one that looked like Henry St. 20:42.574 --> 20:50.949 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Cyr's. I want, that's a very fascinating story. That is a monument to World War I veteran Joseph 20:50.949 --> 20:54.419 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Pearson and unfortunately we have another sad story. 20:58.857 --> 21:07.099 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% Born in Sweden in 1893, Joseph Pearson immigrated to America in 1911. While working as a hired man 21:07.099 --> 21:17.009 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% on the Wood farm in Anoka County, Joseph fell in love with the Wood's daughter Grace, Grace Wood and 21:17.009 --> 21:24.516 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% apparently much to the dismay of her parents, Joseph and Grace were married on June 30, 1915. 21:28.787 --> 21:31.790 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% So, a couple years later, the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917 21:33.859 --> 21:35.427 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and Joseph of course had to register for the draft. 21:38.697 --> 21:43.869 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% According to their great-granddaughter, Joseph's in-laws disliked him so much 21:46.805 --> 21:51.443 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% they bribed the Anoka County Draft Board to have him sent directly to the front lines in France 21:55.814 --> 22:01.653 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and sure enough Joseph was assigned to the 350th Infantry Division of the 88th Battalion, 22:04.923 --> 22:12.998 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% after 12 weeks of training at Fort Dodge, Iowa he was on the front lines in the trenches in France. 22:15.233 --> 22:19.671 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% He survived and he was honorably discharged in May 1919. 22:24.109 --> 22:31.983 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% So, in October he was living in St. Louis County but in December he was declared 22:31.983 --> 22:35.987 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% insane in a Probate Court hearing in Duluth and he was transported to Fergus Falls in December, 22:38.757 --> 22:46.698 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% four days short of his daughter's third birthday. But Joseph's paperwork indicates 22:46.698 --> 22:52.137 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% that he was single with one child and his attack of insanity was the first one that he had had. 22:55.841 --> 23:00.011 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Documents reveal that Joseph believed his wife's relatives wanted him dead 23:02.948 --> 23:04.783 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and he had long periods of melancholia. 23:09.020 --> 23:17.262 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Again, according to his great granddaughter Pearson's in-laws did in fact want him dead. This, 23:17.262 --> 23:24.002 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% of course, coupled with the brutality of trench warfare and to come home to a wife who wanted 23:24.002 --> 23:29.808 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% a divorce, his melancholia was understandable likely, of course, related to post-traumatic stress. 23:33.845 --> 23:38.817 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% In his intake report at the state hospital notes: "this patient is emotionally unstable, 23:41.520 --> 23:47.559 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% cries easily and is subject to severe depression. He talks rationally, is quiet 23:49.928 --> 23:54.800 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and does not appear to be hallucinated but still suffers from delusions of persecution." 23:58.737 --> 24:07.479 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Shortly after being admitted, Pearson contracted tuberculosis, died June 26,1920 and in 2016, 24:07.479 --> 24:14.386 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70% his great-granddaughter organized an effort with Veterans Services to have that monument 24:14.386 --> 24:20.625 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% erected with a military ceremony in August 2016. So, you got finally some dignity that he deserved. 24:25.797 --> 24:27.599 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% One of the questions I often get are about children 24:30.702 --> 24:34.706 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70% buried here at the state hospital. Records indicate there are 28 burials of individuals under 20, 24:37.843 --> 24:42.647 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% 17 of whom are infants. The children were born to women patients who were either underage or unwed. 24:45.517 --> 24:47.819 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% They were more than likely taken to the state hospital by family members 24:50.088 --> 24:52.123 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% or simply because they had no other place to go to have their babies. 24:58.797 --> 25:02.901 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% If you're looking for Kumbaya stories 25:02.901 --> 25:06.805 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% on this tour, you're not gonna find them, you know, not very much. These are all sad stories. 25:11.476 --> 25:15.180 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That's the reality of the state hospital and the cemetery here. 25:27.125 --> 25:31.997 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Thanks for watching. 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