WEBVTT 00:01.835 --> 00:05.305 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Lakeland PBS presents Common Ground brought to you by the Minnesota Arts and 00:05.305 --> 00:09.376 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Cultural Heritage Fund and the citizens of Minnesota. 00:09.376 --> 00:13.747 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Production funding of Common Ground is made possible in part by First National 00:13.747 --> 00:16.149 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Bank Bemidji continuing their second century of service to the community, 00:16.149 --> 00:19.386 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Member FDIC. 00:49.449 --> 00:53.520 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Welcome to Common Ground. I'm Producer/Director Scott Knudson. 00:53.520 --> 00:58.191 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% In this episode native artist Duane Goodwin creates a sculpture for the 00:58.191 --> 01:01.995 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% University of Minnesota Morris that examines some of the injustices of the 01:01.995 --> 01:07.500 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% boarding school era. 01:34.094 --> 01:38.565 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% Duane: My Indian name is Niibogabo. I'm a White Earth enrollee. My English name is 01:38.565 --> 01:46.806 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Duane Goodwin. Summer of 2018 I sculpted a monumental scale three figure 01:46.806 --> 01:51.244 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% sculpture representing the boarding school era. Speaker: It's been an amazing project 01:51.244 --> 01:55.048 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% for me personally to work on. And I'm thankful to everyone involved and I see 01:55.048 --> 01:58.251 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% some of the faces of people who've been involved in this project from the 01:58.251 --> 02:01.488 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% beginning. And I thank you very much for being here today and for all the work that you've done. Duane: I guess 02:01.488 --> 02:06.092 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% you know this sculpture was kind of like a really lifetime achievement. It's 02:06.092 --> 02:10.196 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% something that I've been working for all my life to do another piece of work and 02:10.196 --> 02:13.933 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% that connection to the boarding school is something I'm very familiar with. My 02:13.933 --> 02:20.039 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% grandmother went to school there so I was very connected to the theme of the 02:20.039 --> 02:24.878 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% boarding school. Speaker: Before the University of Minnesota Morris was 02:24.878 --> 02:30.517 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% established here the campus housed an American Indian boarding school. Duane: Wards 02:30.517 --> 02:35.488 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% For Wolves was a boarding school when it started out. It was started out in the 02:35.488 --> 02:41.528 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% latter 1800s and ended in the early 1900s. A fairly short-lived boarding school but 02:41.528 --> 02:47.200 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% their concentration was on agriculture growing their own food which they did. 02:47.200 --> 02:52.305 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Speaker: The sculpture is a visible reminder of the role that Native peoples have 02:52.305 --> 02:58.545 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% played in this place. Their histories have not always been happy ones. But 02:58.545 --> 03:03.249 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% those histories are inextricably linked to that of our campus. Duane: So I was gone you 03:03.249 --> 03:06.653 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% know almost the course of three months last summer. 03:06.653 --> 03:10.657 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Bambi supported me from the start you know with supporting the home. Because 03:10.657 --> 03:14.994 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% we have a lot of responsibility at the home front here especially you know we 03:14.994 --> 03:20.333 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% have animals and so forth. Bambi: My name is Bambi Goodwin and I'm married 03:20.333 --> 03:27.407 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% to Duane Goodwin. It will be 48 years next month. [laughing] That's a long time. 03:27.407 --> 03:34.080 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Duane had a deadline and it was a lot of work. He didn't come home I don't 03:34.080 --> 03:43.089 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% think maybe once during that period. Duane: Well time to get geared up because by 3 03:43.089 --> 03:47.560 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% o'clock we may be done if it gets too hot. 03:47.560 --> 03:52.398 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Bambi: He had two helpers and they were young men that you know could lift those heavy 03:52.398 --> 03:58.671 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% saws and he still did a lot of lifting and cutting. Duane: Oh you wanna grab that 03:58.671 --> 04:05.945 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% step stool there? Bambi: But I was so glad he had help because this rock carving is tough 04:05.945 --> 04:12.252 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% on him. Duane: Joe is from Red Lake and he was an intern that the tribal college paid for 04:12.252 --> 04:17.457 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and then Inkpa was an apprentice that I trained in a number of years ago. So he 04:17.457 --> 04:22.595 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% was a big help he could dig right into it he could see what I seen. We had a 04:22.595 --> 04:27.600 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% great model to follow that was three dimensional scale and we had a great 04:27.600 --> 04:38.144 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% sight to do the work on. [hammer drill]. The rock started out at nine tons, eight feet by five and 04:38.144 --> 04:45.285 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% a half feet by 30 inches. It was installed June 29 of 2018. We had a 04:45.285 --> 04:50.223 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% hundred thousand pound crane lifting the rock off the flatbed over the trees and 04:50.223 --> 04:57.130 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% placed it on the foundation. And the rock came from Winona, Minnesota. That's 04:57.130 --> 05:02.502 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% another great aspect about the project the rock is from Minnesota. Well this 05:02.502 --> 05:07.640 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% specific type of rock has a lot of geological history to it. First of all I 05:07.640 --> 05:13.780 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% found out from a geologist that studied this rock that this rock originally part 05:13.780 --> 05:20.119 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% of aquifer. Because of that I titled this sculpture, Nokoomis Nibii which means 05:20.119 --> 05:23.523 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% 'grandmother water'. 05:27.627 --> 05:34.734 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% It's very brittle it is very hard. So much of the rock was sawed and then broke 05:34.734 --> 05:40.073 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% away with a hammer drill and chisels. You score the rock and then you take the 05:40.073 --> 05:44.277 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% hammer drill and you break it at the base of the score till all the rough 05:44.277 --> 05:49.782 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% rock is removed. Then from there you reduce your tools to a smaller cutters. [hammer drill] 05:53.986 --> 05:59.359 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Inkpa: Let's take a... I sawed this down at the base so it's even. [inaudible] 05:59.359 --> 06:03.763 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Yeah it usually helps out quite a bit. Duane: Inkpa he was the apprentice and 06:03.763 --> 06:10.737 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% then he had Joe Strong who was an intern from Red Lake. And both these young guys 06:10.737 --> 06:17.577 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% were young and strong and they both had an influential part of the process. You 06:17.577 --> 06:22.382 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% know the experience was working creatively, being on task, taught them to 06:22.382 --> 06:25.885 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% be responsible because both of them were responsible throughout the course of 06:25.885 --> 06:27.620 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% this project. [hammer drill] [inaudible] 06:34.894 --> 06:40.800 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% I think we all had a vision you know we all seen the vision. And we all worked 06:40.800 --> 06:46.272 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% cohesively together to make it happen. I didn't have to instruct them exactly 06:46.272 --> 06:50.777 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% what to do anymore. They just knew exactly what to do. This 06:50.777 --> 06:55.348 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% is how much rock you got take off today. The only thing I had to watch because we had 06:55.348 --> 06:59.419 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% some big tools we were working with and you couldn't go beyond some of the depth 06:59.419 --> 07:04.190 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% we had to cut into that rock so you had to really watch yourself. They had a good 07:04.190 --> 07:08.961 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% sense of what we're doing. Duane: [inaudible] ..have another lunch break? [laughing] Should we have an early lunch? 07:08.961 --> 07:16.769 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Cause they could feel the significance of the project and they could see the model 07:16.769 --> 07:22.275 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and they could see how that was being transformed into this big big piece. This 07:22.275 --> 07:27.447 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% little bitty scale model we were following very closely. So you know every 07:27.447 --> 07:32.285 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% time you were working on a general area you had to follow that area because it 07:32.285 --> 07:36.789 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% was certainly a lot to do removing that negative rock without making too many 07:36.789 --> 07:44.664 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% critical mistakes. How deep on that one, a plunge? Inkpa: This is the deepest and this 07:44.664 --> 07:50.703 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% one will be the shallowest. Duane: So we were fairly successful in removing that rock 07:50.703 --> 07:55.241 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and getting it to look as much as possible like the model. Inkpa: And this may be 07:55.241 --> 07:59.979 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% only about [inch and a half?] 1/2 inch. Duane: Okay, I can do it. 08:01.948 --> 08:06.419 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% People didn't have no idea what the boarding school was. A lot of people have 08:06.419 --> 08:12.692 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% no idea that this ever took place and what effects they had on the Native 08:12.692 --> 08:19.465 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% American people. Elaine Fleming is the former mayor of Cass Lake and a Leech Lake 08:19.465 --> 08:23.870 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Tribal College teacher. Elaine is a very knowledgeable historian on the Leech 08:23.870 --> 08:29.642 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Lake Band of Ojibwe and the Native American Boarding School. Elaine: Bezhigo 08:29.642 --> 08:35.314 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% bineshii'ikwe indigomaang indoodam Gaa- o'ziskwaajimekaagan idoonjibaa 08:35.314 --> 08:42.788 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Gaa'miskwaawaakokaagninda, Elaine Fleming indizhinikaaz. So the name that the 08:42.788 --> 08:48.394 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% universe knows me by is One Thunderbird Woman. I'm with the Loon clan. I'm a 08:48.394 --> 08:54.300 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% member of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe of the Minnesota Chippewa tribe. And I 08:54.300 --> 08:57.236 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% live in Gaa-miskwaawaakokaag, the place 08:57.236 --> 08:59.705 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% where there used to be red cedar trees. 08:59.705 --> 09:05.444 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% It's called Cass Lake. I work for Leech Lake Tribal College and I've been 09:05.444 --> 09:12.385 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% working here for a quarter of a century. Yeah the boarding school era, that 09:12.385 --> 09:21.294 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% occurred during the assimilation era. And that was about 1870 to 1934 the 09:21.294 --> 09:27.366 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% assimilation era and that's when they were trying to take away our tribal 09:27.366 --> 09:34.040 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% identities they were trying to assimilate us into being U.S. citizens. 09:34.040 --> 09:39.645 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% And they were also trying to take our land away from us and so there were 09:39.645 --> 09:45.384 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% crazy things that happened during the assimilation era. And one of them was the 09:45.384 --> 09:50.590 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% 1887 allotment act and that was one of the ways that they took the remaining 09:50.590 --> 09:56.729 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% land that we had during that era in order to turn us into citizens, U.S. 09:56.729 --> 10:00.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% citizens they developed the boarding schools. 10:00.800 --> 10:06.772 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% And it became mandatory to send our children to the boarding schools. And so 10:06.772 --> 10:13.879 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% it was just a horrific time for us because we loved our children that's the 10:13.879 --> 10:18.884 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% way things are we love our children. And some of those children were as young as 10:18.884 --> 10:24.156 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% four years old when they would be taken away into the boarding schools and they 10:24.156 --> 10:31.030 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% would be separated. Carl Gawbay is a former instructor from 10:31.030 --> 10:37.269 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% the University of St. Scholastica. And he's a historian on the boarding school 10:37.269 --> 10:43.943 align:left position:10% line:71% size:80% era. Carl: My name is Carl Gawbay, I'm a Boise Forte enrollee. My father and his family were 10:43.943 --> 10:47.546 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% originally from Rainy Lake we are one of the people that immigrated to the 10:47.546 --> 10:56.055 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% reservation in about 1918 or so. I went to public school I was an artist and an 10:56.055 --> 11:01.861 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% art major and I began to get interested in boarding schools. And I did research at 11:01.861 --> 11:07.500 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the Walker Art Center when I was a museum intern there. And Duane when he 11:07.500 --> 11:11.003 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% was a teenager attended the Institute of Indian arts in 11:11.003 --> 11:19.178 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Santa Fe. One of his teachers was Allan Houser the great Apache sculptor that 11:19.178 --> 11:24.650 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% has a gallery dedicated to him at the Smithsonian today. At that time he was 11:24.650 --> 11:28.788 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% teaching at the Institute and was so impressed with Duane, asked him to be 11:28.788 --> 11:35.561 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% his assistant and Duane said no I'm gonna go back to Minnesota. I could have 11:35.561 --> 11:41.467 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% kicked him at that moment but he's a good artist primarily self-taught. Allan 11:41.467 --> 11:47.573 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Houser was a great influence on him but he has a great loyalty to northern 11:47.573 --> 11:52.344 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Minnesota too. And I guess if I could say probably the most important thing about 11:52.344 --> 11:58.551 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% him was his loyalty to home. There are many Indian artists that moved to Santa 11:58.551 --> 12:04.223 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Fe took one look around and said I am never going back home again because in 12:04.223 --> 12:09.161 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Santa Fe there's a lot of institutional support there's a lot of Indian artists 12:09.161 --> 12:13.866 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% there's a big community full of Indian artists there and so why should they 12:13.866 --> 12:19.238 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% come back to White Earth when there was not a single artist working in that area 12:19.238 --> 12:24.276 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% at that time when Duane came back. Duane virtually created the arts community 12:24.276 --> 12:28.380 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% himself. Elaine: I really admire Duane. We've been here at 12:28.380 --> 12:35.387 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the college a long time he's always has had so much energy and 12:35.387 --> 12:41.093 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70% even with his physical impairment he just does miraculous things. [He's a dynamo!] 12:41.093 --> 12:47.299 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Oh my gosh! I just yeah, I admire him I mean you know he's just always always on 12:47.299 --> 12:53.706 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the ball. Always creating. Duane: I've overcome some severe setbacks like losing my eye 12:53.706 --> 13:00.646 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% to a carpentry accident. Busted up my right arm you know wild-rice finishing 13:00.646 --> 13:08.220 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% process but I managed to prevail and achieve what I have achieved. Carl: Like I said 13:08.220 --> 13:12.324 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% I never thought of my father going to boarding school but then looking back on 13:12.324 --> 13:17.863 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% it on his behavior how we were raised there's boarding school written all over 13:17.863 --> 13:24.804 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% it. For one thing he refused to teach us the Ojibwe language because he was 13:24.804 --> 13:29.975 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% taught that he shouldn't do that he remained fluent all of his life and it 13:29.975 --> 13:35.314 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% was a thrill to me to listen to him speaking Ojibwe to other old older 13:35.314 --> 13:42.555 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Indians. But he never taught us he insisted that we only speak English even 13:42.555 --> 13:48.227 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% though in our house we heard the Ojibwe language spoken. We heard the Finnish 13:48.227 --> 13:52.832 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% language spoken in the town that I grew up in I could hear Slovenian and 13:52.832 --> 13:58.871 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Swedish and Italian on the street. It would have been a perfect place for me to be 13:58.871 --> 14:04.243 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% multilingual thinking back on it now I would've loved that. It's hard to look back 14:04.243 --> 14:12.451 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% on it look at those decisions that were made in the 1920s and try to gainsay 14:12.451 --> 14:18.057 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% them I mean you can't. Elaine: The government had a trust responsibility to take care of 14:18.057 --> 14:23.495 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% us because they thought we were not quite human so we had gone into a period 14:23.495 --> 14:29.201 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% of deeper and deeper poverty. And so they were always trying to think of ways how 14:29.201 --> 14:34.273 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% can they take care of the American Indian? And so when they went into the 14:34.273 --> 14:39.211 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% assimilation era it was that idea well we'll make them into US citizens and 14:39.211 --> 14:42.314 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% we'll do that through the boarding schools and then we'll also teach them 14:42.314 --> 14:47.653 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% how to be farmers and we'll give them their own land so that 14:47.653 --> 14:53.692 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% they can learn to farm it and they'll feed themselves. So the thing about the 14:53.692 --> 14:56.829 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% children is that when they went to the boarding schools they were modeled after 14:56.829 --> 15:02.434 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the US schools. They start in kindergarten and they go up through 12th 15:02.434 --> 15:07.339 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% grade and so the different boarding schools they serve different ages. And 15:07.339 --> 15:13.178 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the boarding school at Morris it served kindergarten through eighth grade. And 15:13.178 --> 15:19.084 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% then other schools like Flandreau or Haskell they would serve other ages and 15:19.084 --> 15:23.389 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% so those children they would go to one boarding school and then once they would 15:23.389 --> 15:27.459 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% graduate from like Morris and they would go on to another school like Flandreau or 15:27.459 --> 15:33.098 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Pipestone. And so they would get moved around like that. What they wanted to do 15:33.098 --> 15:38.470 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% is because we were were not ethnic minorities we're peoples of nations and 15:38.470 --> 15:45.311 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% so a nation has its own language and culture. So it's very important for them 15:45.311 --> 15:49.348 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% to take away our language and our culture and the way they'll do that is 15:49.348 --> 15:53.786 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% through the boarding schools. Captain Pratt he said the way to change 15:53.786 --> 15:59.024 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% a nation is through the children so that's why they would have young 15:59.024 --> 16:04.430 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% children. And you know during those times too like on Leech Lake people were hungry 16:04.430 --> 16:10.869 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and we had been concentrated on these real small reservations and so we 16:10.869 --> 16:16.375 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% weren't able to feed our children the way we had. Sometimes during these years 16:16.375 --> 16:21.847 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the rice crops would be bad and that was a food we could depend on and we weren't 16:21.847 --> 16:26.919 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% able to feed our children so sometimes we would send the kids to the schools 16:26.919 --> 16:34.059 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% just so they could eat. Carl: What I found is that they were especially set up for 16:34.059 --> 16:38.163 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% cultural genocide I mean that was their whole design. You know there are still 16:38.163 --> 16:43.068 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% people who defend boarding schools. Some of them are Indians. Elaine: Some of the 16:43.068 --> 16:51.410 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% horrors of the boarding school era one is just you come you come from a 16:51.410 --> 16:56.949 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% place we come from the land we come from this earth and we're people of the water 16:56.949 --> 17:04.156 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and our families love this. And so then they take you away from your 17:04.156 --> 17:11.263 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% family and they tell you that you can't speak your language and so how can you 17:11.263 --> 17:16.635 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% ask for information how can you ask for food how can you defend yourself when 17:16.635 --> 17:21.440 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% you can't speak your language? And so the horrors being that they took your voice 17:21.440 --> 17:27.046 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% away your ability to speak was taken away and then you had to learn this 17:27.046 --> 17:31.216 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% other language and sometimes they would the horror stories are where they would 17:31.216 --> 17:36.455 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% punish you and they would do many different things like make you kneel on 17:36.455 --> 17:43.228 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% rice for hours. They would hit them they would put them in the cold rooms where 17:43.228 --> 17:48.367 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% they would put the food in to keep it frozen and keep it from decaying or 17:48.367 --> 17:52.704 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% thawing and they would put the children in rooms like that and keep them in there. 17:52.704 --> 17:58.243 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% They would take their clothes away from them and they would delouse them they 17:58.243 --> 18:03.082 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% would cut their hair and the hair was so important to them. And the children 18:03.082 --> 18:06.652 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% aren't understanding any of this that's going on because they're speaking to 18:06.652 --> 18:11.990 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% them in English. They would use turpentine on their hair to kill what 18:11.990 --> 18:16.361 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% bugs they thought might be there and then they would have them dress in 18:16.361 --> 18:19.965 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% clothes that were not of their culture. Carl: And boarding schools were like a big 18:19.965 --> 18:24.536 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% prison so you look at the way the social life in prisons operate. You have 18:24.536 --> 18:30.576 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% gangs and you have bullies and you have victims and you have people who just go 18:30.576 --> 18:37.649 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% along to get along in a prison situation. And the boarding schools were the same. 18:37.649 --> 18:44.756 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Dressing in uniforms living in great big dormitories marching in the afternoon 18:47.059 --> 18:51.930 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% horrific discipline. Elaine: They were very regimental in the way that they would 18:51.930 --> 18:55.534 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% treat them, they would get them up early in the morning and they would march to 18:55.534 --> 19:01.106 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% their school rooms they were not hugged and when they were hugged or when they 19:01.106 --> 19:07.346 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% were touched then many times it was in a horrible way in a sexual way so the 19:07.346 --> 19:14.253 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% children have no one to turn to you know no one to go to for help. 19:14.253 --> 19:22.261 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% The way they might get touched is like the being hit being punished like that. Carl: I 19:22.261 --> 19:28.100 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% was reading Jim Northrup's commentary on Pipestone and he said that the very 19:28.100 --> 19:34.373 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% first day that he sat down to eat with 75 other boys in this big hallway the 19:34.373 --> 19:40.078 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% very first meal that they had the big boys came and took all his food and he 19:40.078 --> 19:47.286 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% said that he learned to have to protect his food when he was six. Now the guy who 19:47.286 --> 19:54.026 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% took his food was the bully that thought the boarding school was a real great 19:54.026 --> 19:57.329 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% place because he got to eat all he wanted he took it away from the little 19:57.329 --> 20:03.435 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% kids. So these were the people who thought boarding schools were a real 20:03.435 --> 20:11.376 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% great thing. Elaine: When people are disrespected they will start turning in on themselves 20:11.376 --> 20:17.249 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% and so those children would start to hurt themselves or each other and so 20:17.249 --> 20:23.655 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% bullying would happen in the schools. And the school that my father went to the 20:23.655 --> 20:28.560 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% older boys would take all the food from the little boys and the little boys were 20:28.560 --> 20:34.666 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% literally starving and so what they did was they had the little boys sit with 20:34.666 --> 20:40.272 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the older female students so that they would get to eat so there was that 20:40.272 --> 20:44.209 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% bullying that was happening in the schools too. Carl: So as I started researching 20:44.209 --> 20:49.381 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% about boarding schools I realized that there was actually very little material 20:49.381 --> 20:55.254 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% out there and most of it was very pro- boarding schools. A lot of the material 20:55.254 --> 21:01.126 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% thought boarding schools were a real good idea. And as I started researching 21:01.126 --> 21:10.369 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% it now I have to tell you this was 1972 and this was before generational trauma 21:10.369 --> 21:16.341 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% theory was out there and that wasn't until I believe it was Marilyn 21:16.341 --> 21:21.747 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Braveheart that first introduced it to us based on research from Holocaust 21:21.747 --> 21:26.418 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% victims and the survivors of Japanese-American 21:26.418 --> 21:33.091 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% internment camps and that trauma is passed on through the generations. If it 21:33.091 --> 21:37.763 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% stops in one generation that doesn't mean that the trauma ends that it's 21:37.763 --> 21:44.369 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% passed on and it's passed on through behavior through subtle cues through 21:44.369 --> 21:52.544 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% values and no one actually realized that Indian kids traumatized in boarding 21:52.544 --> 21:58.550 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% school would pass on that trauma to their own children even if they didn't 21:58.550 --> 22:00.952 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% send their children to boarding school. 22:03.889 --> 22:10.362 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Elaine: So then when the artist Dewey, makes that sculpture and that woman see she's 22:10.362 --> 22:18.203 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% made of stone and it doesn't wear away. Her love is like that for all her 22:18.203 --> 22:26.144 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% children and just like stone she'll always be there for her children. So 22:26.144 --> 22:32.617 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% that's just really powerful that 'Mindamooya' down at U of M Morris is made 22:32.617 --> 22:36.922 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% out of that stone and then that whole image of those two children holding on 22:36.922 --> 22:41.593 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to her like that and her holding on to them is just 22:41.593 --> 22:45.831 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% awesome. Duane: Well I envisioned first and foremost the 22:45.831 --> 22:50.469 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% strength of a lot of native families which is the grandmother the mother the 22:50.469 --> 22:54.873 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% great-grandmother they've always stood strong when the men 22:54.873 --> 23:00.912 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% were at a low of time the women still stood strong and kept a family unit 23:00.912 --> 23:06.284 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% together. So I chose the grandmother because my mother was there for a lot of 23:06.284 --> 23:13.358 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% grandkids and other children taking them in feeding them. So I chose the grandmother. 23:13.358 --> 23:18.864 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Elaine: The grandparents they were always there and they were the ones who were still 23:18.864 --> 23:24.736 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% fluent in the language and they were still practicing cultural ways so there 23:24.736 --> 23:31.410 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% were a lot of deaths of our people during the assimilation era. It was like 23:31.410 --> 23:40.318 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% something like 60% of our Ojibwe people died during that particular era and it 23:40.318 --> 23:46.391 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% had to do with disease mainly. And so a lot of times the children wouldn't have 23:46.391 --> 23:51.496 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% a parent and so the grandparents would take care of them and a lot of times it would 23:51.496 --> 23:58.470 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% be the grandmother. And so that just reminds me of Dewey Goodwin's statue how 23:58.470 --> 24:03.308 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% it's the grandmother who was taking care of the two children and in the statue 24:03.308 --> 24:09.581 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% how it has that little boy he's got the uniform on. They would send leftover 24:09.581 --> 24:15.020 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% military uniforms for the children to wear and so the little boy's got on his 24:15.020 --> 24:18.423 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% uniform holding on to the grandmother and the other little girl 24:18.423 --> 24:22.594 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% she's got on her traditional dress holding on to her grandmother. But 24:22.594 --> 24:28.099 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% they're holding on to the old ways in that way they're holding on to those 24:28.099 --> 24:34.439 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% ones who gave us life and held us together during all those hard times. Duane: The 24:34.439 --> 24:39.444 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% dedication was going to be to them something very important. Man: You'll be 24:39.444 --> 24:44.683 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% seated in the front row and I asked Bambi to sit there and so can any 24:44.683 --> 24:49.588 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% family that can. [okay] We need two chairs for the Hefner's a chair for the 24:49.588 --> 24:54.926 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Chancellor. Duane: He wanted to show people how proud they were of this project. They 24:54.926 --> 24:59.831 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% came to me earlier to ask how it should be done what kind of food we should 24:59.831 --> 25:06.238 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% serve to a large audience. So they asked me to give him some ideas on what to make 25:06.238 --> 25:11.009 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% for this menu for this dedication. I thought that was important to ask 25:11.009 --> 25:14.613 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% what kind of food you'd like to see at your dedication I said yeah I'd like to 25:14.613 --> 25:20.619 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% see buffalo you know. Oh yeah they can get that I said they might be a little 25:20.619 --> 25:26.424 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% expensive but they'll get it. And sure enough they got it they had a nice meal 25:26.424 --> 25:32.697 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% of Indian food and they have a very large audience of the community of 25:32.697 --> 25:40.705 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% alumni. This project at the University of Morris Minnesota was made possible by 25:40.705 --> 25:48.580 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Mary and Punky Hapner, alumnis and felt they needed to address the original 25:48.580 --> 25:53.952 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% history of where University of Morris came from. I believe it's a respect for our 25:53.952 --> 25:59.090 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% history you know they want to have something representational that's a good 25:59.090 --> 26:05.530 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% strong example that this is still a strong memory and part of the university 26:05.530 --> 26:08.633 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% the Native American aspect of the land and the people that once lived there 26:08.633 --> 26:11.069 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% before they were there. 26:15.040 --> 26:20.845 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Scott: Thanks for watching. Join us again on Common Ground. If you have an idea for 26:20.845 --> 26:24.583 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Common Ground in north central Minnesota email us at legacy@lptv.org. 27:12.831 --> 27:16.267 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% Common Ground is brought to you by the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage 27:16.267 --> 27:21.272 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Fund with money by the vote of the people November 4th 2008. 27:24.776 --> 27:28.046 align:left position:10% line:77% size:80% If you watch common ground online consider becoming a member or making a 27:28.046 --> 27:30.949 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% donation at lptv.org.