WEBVTT 00:00.766 --> 00:03.433 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (tranquil ambient music) 00:06.466 --> 00:08.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Steve] When the Denver Zoo first started 00:08.133 --> 00:09.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it was like many zoos in the country, 00:09.933 --> 00:12.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it really was just a random collection 00:12.433 --> 00:15.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% of steel cages that animals were displayed in. 00:15.633 --> 00:17.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Thomas] When the Denver zoo was first established, 00:17.666 --> 00:19.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it's really a place to stick a bear 00:19.700 --> 00:21.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% in the corner of city park. 00:22.566 --> 00:24.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - [Brian] As we move through time 00:24.000 --> 00:25.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and we learn more of the exhibits representing wildlife 00:25.900 --> 00:27.400 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and a much more natural way 00:27.400 --> 00:29.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and it made you feel like you were there with them 00:29.066 --> 00:30.833 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and understand their habitats. 00:32.666 --> 00:34.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% When you walk into the Denver zoo, 00:34.000 --> 00:36.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it's like you stepped into another world 00:37.233 --> 00:38.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and that's through the exhibitry, 00:38.666 --> 00:39.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that's through the messaging, 00:39.900 --> 00:41.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that's through the animals that you see. 00:42.133 --> 00:43.366 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% And people really connect 00:43.366 --> 00:45.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% with something that they experience, 00:45.100 --> 00:46.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that's the opportunity we have. 00:46.500 --> 00:47.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - [George] Nothing is Static, 00:47.733 --> 00:50.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% it continues to move and evolve politically, 00:50.066 --> 00:52.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% culturally, economically, scientifically. 00:56.633 --> 00:58.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Brian] We can continue to move the needle on care 00:58.300 --> 01:01.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and continue to move the needle on conservation of wildlife 01:01.533 --> 01:02.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - [George] Through good times and bad, 01:02.866 --> 01:05.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the zoo is focused on being better for animals 01:05.900 --> 01:07.366 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and for the community. 01:07.366 --> 01:09.033 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% They left us that legacy, 01:09.033 --> 01:12.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% oftentimes in magnificent buildings like Bear Mountain. 01:12.466 --> 01:17.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And I hope we're leaving a legacy for the future 01:18.900 --> 01:21.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% in places like Predator Ridge and Toyota Elephant Passage. 01:22.700 --> 01:24.500 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And I look forward to everyone else 01:24.500 --> 01:26.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% who gets to be a part of it in the future. 01:30.133 --> 01:31.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (tranquil ambient music) 01:31.600 --> 01:32.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Male Narrator] This program was made possible 01:32.833 --> 01:34.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% by the History Colorado State Historical Fund. 01:34.933 --> 01:37.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - [Female Narrator] Supporting projects throughout the state 01:37.033 --> 01:40.633 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% to preserve, protect and interpret Colorado's architectural 01:40.633 --> 01:42.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and archeological treasures. 01:42.966 --> 01:45.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% History Colorado State Historical Fund, 01:45.700 --> 01:48.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% create the future, honor the past. 01:48.600 --> 01:50.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - [Male Narrator] With additional funding provided 01:50.300 --> 01:52.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% in memory of Deanna E. La Camera 01:52.466 --> 01:54.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% by Hassel and Marianne Ledbetter. 01:54.800 --> 01:57.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And by members like you, thank you. 01:58.966 --> 02:01.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% With special thanks to the Denver Public Library, 02:01.033 --> 02:02.533 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% History Colorado 02:02.533 --> 02:05.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and the Colorado office of film, television, and media. 02:06.900 --> 02:10.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (tranquil ambient music) 02:36.866 --> 02:37.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - [Thomas] I think the definition of a zoo 02:37.833 --> 02:39.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% has always been up for grabs, 02:39.600 --> 02:42.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% we see that across history really. 02:42.100 --> 02:44.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - [Goerge] I think that humans long 02:44.100 --> 02:46.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% for a relationship with the wild 02:46.666 --> 02:48.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and wild animals (background chattering) 02:48.200 --> 02:51.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and zoos provide that context to 02:51.066 --> 02:54.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% explore that relationship and advance that relationship. 02:54.700 --> 02:57.466 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% That means that zoos have changed 02:57.466 --> 03:00.200 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% and have needed to change throughout course of history 03:00.200 --> 03:03.733 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% to keep up with those expectations in that relationship. 03:03.733 --> 03:05.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - [Steve] Zoo practice are really 03:05.933 --> 03:07.200 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% much like the animals 03:07.200 --> 03:09.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% in that they are almost living breathing things 03:09.900 --> 03:11.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% that evolve over time. 03:11.433 --> 03:13.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Thomas] If you look at zoos, including Denver's, 03:13.200 --> 03:16.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% across time, they tell us about how human ideas about nature 03:16.800 --> 03:21.266 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% and about wild animals in particular have changed over time. 03:24.500 --> 03:26.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Female Narrator] The precursors to modern zoos 03:26.866 --> 03:29.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% can be traced back to antiquity 03:29.033 --> 03:31.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% when it was common for rulers across the world 03:31.666 --> 03:33.400 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% to have menageries. 03:34.800 --> 03:37.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - Having captive animals from other parts of the empire 03:37.200 --> 03:40.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% sort of solidified and embodied and represented 03:40.366 --> 03:42.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the power of the ruler of the empire. 03:44.866 --> 03:47.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% The 1700s, menageries expanded 03:47.900 --> 03:50.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and we're no longer just for monarchs. 03:50.533 --> 03:53.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% This is sort of the beginnings of common people 03:53.800 --> 03:56.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% in places like colonial North America 03:56.166 --> 03:58.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% encountering traveling shows. 03:58.633 --> 04:02.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Bert] The fascination with animals was huge. 04:02.033 --> 04:06.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And so traveling menagerie of animals 04:06.266 --> 04:08.133 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% went around the United States 04:08.133 --> 04:10.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% with stuff from all over the world. 04:10.266 --> 04:11.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - [Thomas] But this was a chance 04:11.666 --> 04:13.233 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% to see something new, 04:13.233 --> 04:16.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to learn something about the world, but often to do it 04:16.166 --> 04:19.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in a fashion where entertainment was the expectation. 04:20.833 --> 04:22.933 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% I think zoos have always occupied a space of the boundaries 04:22.933 --> 04:25.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of entertainment and education. 04:25.233 --> 04:26.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The way that the animals were displayed 04:26.966 --> 04:30.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% was very confining by modern standards quite inhumane, 04:30.366 --> 04:33.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and really shaped how audiences interacted with the animals 04:33.700 --> 04:34.866 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% in pretty particular ways, 04:34.866 --> 04:36.333 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% because a lot of times 04:36.333 --> 04:38.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% what this consists of with walking up to the bars 04:38.400 --> 04:41.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and poking through them, having that kind of close, 04:41.333 --> 04:45.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but also very confined and limited contact. 04:46.333 --> 04:48.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The zoo that many historians will point to 04:48.633 --> 04:51.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% as sort of the first recognizable zoo 04:51.133 --> 04:55.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% is the London Zoological Park, which opens in the 1820s. 04:55.900 --> 04:57.366 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% - In the late 1800s, 04:57.366 --> 04:59.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% many urban areas in Europe, 04:59.600 --> 05:02.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% zoos were becoming more and more popular, 05:02.600 --> 05:04.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% urbanization was really ramping up 05:04.866 --> 05:07.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and people were starting to become more separate 05:07.266 --> 05:10.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% from wild spaces and wild animals. 05:10.533 --> 05:13.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - They generally call themselves "zoological gardens" 05:13.366 --> 05:16.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and they're dedicated toward education. 05:16.233 --> 05:20.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And so the animals were organized taxonomically, 05:20.100 --> 05:22.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the idea was that these were discrete species, 05:22.333 --> 05:24.633 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the species were on display. 05:24.633 --> 05:27.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% These were really for sort of (speaks foreign language), 05:27.066 --> 05:29.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% a middle, upper middle-class audience. 05:29.266 --> 05:30.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% There were for edification 05:30.666 --> 05:33.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and so people who wanted to poke the bears 05:33.533 --> 05:36.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% or see the lions fight knew not to come to the zoo, 05:36.300 --> 05:39.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% they would go to other animal entertainments of the period, 05:39.866 --> 05:42.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% even though that boundary was never quite so clear 05:42.133 --> 05:45.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% as the heads of zoos wanted them to be. 05:45.133 --> 05:47.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The first zoos in the United States 05:47.033 --> 05:48.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that are recognizable as such 05:48.733 --> 05:51.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% were essentially kind of built on the London 05:51.500 --> 05:54.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and on the broader European model. 05:55.633 --> 05:57.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - Many of them started as municipal zoos, 05:57.900 --> 05:59.366 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% started as city zoos 05:59.366 --> 06:02.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and some zoos actually were a refuge for animals 06:02.733 --> 06:06.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that had ended up in someone's house or hit by a car, 06:06.833 --> 06:08.366 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% but they weren't killed 06:08.366 --> 06:10.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and they needed a place to hold these animals 06:10.500 --> 06:13.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and the city park kind of environments 06:13.200 --> 06:15.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% in many cases became those spots. 06:17.966 --> 06:20.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - The legend of how the zoo started is that a 06:20.100 --> 06:23.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% railroad man in Carbondale, outside of Aspen 06:23.966 --> 06:25.766 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% came across a bear cub 06:25.766 --> 06:27.500 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and he and his wife tried 06:27.500 --> 06:29.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% keeping the bear cub at their home, 06:29.066 --> 06:30.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% which many Coloradans at the time did, 06:30.866 --> 06:33.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% having captive animals was fairly common. 06:33.900 --> 06:36.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% But the bear cub got pretty ornery, trashed their house 06:36.833 --> 06:39.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and the railroad man decided to send the cub 06:39.933 --> 06:42.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to the city of Denver as a gift to the mayor. 06:44.100 --> 06:48.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [Steve] Billy Bryant was given to mayor McMurry in 1896. 06:49.833 --> 06:51.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% There's a legend that he was named that 06:51.333 --> 06:55.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% after William Jennings Bryan who ran for US president. 06:55.200 --> 06:56.666 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% - On receiving the cub, 06:56.666 --> 06:59.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% the mayor presumably didn't know what to do with it. 06:59.833 --> 07:03.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% But City Park was well underway at that point 07:03.633 --> 07:06.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and it seemed like a good place to send the cub. 07:07.866 --> 07:09.266 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% - Other legend about him 07:09.266 --> 07:13.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but one that appears to actually have some fact behind it 07:13.133 --> 07:18.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% is that Billy was initially first just housed in some sheds. 07:18.733 --> 07:20.200 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% One Christmas, 07:20.200 --> 07:22.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% the parks superintendent went out to the chicken shed 07:22.733 --> 07:24.766 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% to get the Christmas Turkey 07:24.766 --> 07:26.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% only to discover that all of the birds 07:26.966 --> 07:28.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% had been eaten already 07:28.933 --> 07:31.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and it turned out Billy was the culprit. 07:31.233 --> 07:32.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% So the superintendent decided 07:32.933 --> 07:34.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% that Billy needed a permanent home, 07:34.433 --> 07:36.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% took him over by the duck lake, 07:36.400 --> 07:41.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% had a steel cage constructed that was Billy's home. 07:41.033 --> 07:43.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And that really for better or worse 07:43.233 --> 07:46.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% cemented the location of the Denver Zoo in City Park. 07:48.900 --> 07:50.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (tranquil ambient music) 07:50.333 --> 07:51.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] The first few years, 07:51.500 --> 07:53.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the zoo's growth relied on the tenacity 07:53.966 --> 07:57.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% of City Park's superintendent, John C. Gallop 07:57.333 --> 08:01.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and the zoo's first lead animal keeper Alford Hill. 08:01.433 --> 08:04.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% With just a small staff and a large vision, 08:04.633 --> 08:08.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% the zoo began to expand from its humble beginnings. 08:08.900 --> 08:10.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - The early versions of the zoo 08:10.666 --> 08:14.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% were very simple iterations of cage work or fences. 08:14.966 --> 08:18.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It was for while a very simple execution. 08:19.233 --> 08:21.733 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% - In 1898, William Fisher, 08:21.733 --> 08:24.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% who was at the time a young architect 08:24.000 --> 08:25.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and one of the true upcoming stars 08:25.933 --> 08:27.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% of the Denver architectural world 08:27.633 --> 08:30.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% designed a series of maintenance barns for the zoo. 08:30.600 --> 08:32.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [George] The old barn and the barn complex, 08:32.866 --> 08:35.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it was intended to house some animals, 08:35.233 --> 08:37.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% as well as some of the operational infrastructure, 08:37.466 --> 08:39.166 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% carriages, carts, horses 08:39.166 --> 08:40.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and other things like that 08:40.433 --> 08:42.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that were fundamental to the zoo operation. 08:42.233 --> 08:44.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Built out of brick and the neo-colonial style. 08:44.666 --> 08:46.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [George] Very handsome buildings that would say, 08:46.233 --> 08:48.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% you know detailed brick work, 08:48.033 --> 08:49.833 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% they weren't just utilitarian. 08:52.333 --> 08:53.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Thomas] The collection was built up 08:53.533 --> 08:55.833 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% from local captive animals. 08:55.833 --> 08:58.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% It was common for people who'd captured a bird of prey 08:58.500 --> 09:01.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% or a predator and other parts of Colorado 09:01.100 --> 09:02.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% to write to the Denver Zoo 09:02.466 --> 09:06.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and to offer to sell that creature to the zoo 09:06.066 --> 09:07.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and the zoo sometimes accepted. 09:08.966 --> 09:10.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - [George] Denver Zoo starting with local animals 09:10.933 --> 09:15.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% is probably a combination of the accessibility of those, 09:15.233 --> 09:18.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but also the attraction of those animals. 09:18.233 --> 09:20.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So people coming to the edge of the frontier 09:20.600 --> 09:22.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% to the front range, to the edge of the mountains 09:22.800 --> 09:27.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and it's these animals, bison, elk, deer, bear, coyote, wolf 09:29.333 --> 09:34.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that were fundamentally, you know the stories, the legends 09:35.733 --> 09:37.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and really what people were interested in initially. 09:40.000 --> 09:41.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] This local connection 09:41.466 --> 09:44.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% kickstarted the zoo's first conservation project 09:44.633 --> 09:46.533 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% saving the American bison. 09:48.533 --> 09:50.000 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% By the 1880s, 09:50.000 --> 09:54.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% there were only about 300 bison left to roam North America, 09:54.433 --> 09:57.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% from over 30 million to 300. 10:01.100 --> 10:03.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The near extinction of these animals, 10:03.000 --> 10:04.500 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% so sacred and vital 10:04.500 --> 10:07.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% to native American tribes across the United States 10:07.400 --> 10:10.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% was an order to clear land for white settlers. 10:14.100 --> 10:16.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The Denver Zoo was one of the first in the nation 10:16.766 --> 10:20.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to focus conservation efforts on bison, 10:20.033 --> 10:22.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and their success can be seen today 10:22.000 --> 10:24.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% (tranquil ambient music) in the Genesee herd. 10:25.366 --> 10:26.933 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Other local animals became 10:26.933 --> 10:29.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% celebrity ambassadors for their species, 10:29.733 --> 10:32.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Blackjack rescued and brought to the zoo as a cub 10:32.633 --> 10:34.133 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% was a favorite. 10:34.133 --> 10:37.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Tales of his feuds, loves, and triumphs over rivals 10:37.866 --> 10:41.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% would draw crowds to the caged line park. 10:41.033 --> 10:44.000 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - [Steve] In fact, the zoo not only was completely open 10:44.000 --> 10:45.666 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% with no surrounding fence, 10:45.666 --> 10:48.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but you could drive your car up to a cage 10:48.300 --> 10:51.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and get out and take a look at animals. 10:51.133 --> 10:52.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Thomas] There is fairly broad acceptance, 10:52.766 --> 10:55.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the caging wild animals was just fine. 10:55.333 --> 10:57.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% You know, cages were kind of a mixed blessing there, 10:57.500 --> 10:59.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% cages could provide that, 10:59.466 --> 11:02.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that separation between audiences and animals. 11:04.133 --> 11:05.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Kept audiences safe, 11:05.566 --> 11:07.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% there was also considerable danger to the animals 11:07.633 --> 11:08.800 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% posed by the public, 11:08.800 --> 11:10.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% which is actually still a problem in zoos. 11:10.866 --> 11:12.200 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% Throwing change for instance, 11:12.200 --> 11:14.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% zoos have to regulate not only the animals 11:14.566 --> 11:15.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% but also the people 11:15.566 --> 11:16.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and in a lot of ways, 11:16.733 --> 11:18.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the people are actually harder to control 11:18.466 --> 11:20.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% than the creatures behind bars. 11:20.733 --> 11:22.300 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% - But that wasn't necessarily the best 11:22.300 --> 11:24.200 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% for the animal itself. 11:24.200 --> 11:25.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% That didn't provide a very enriching environment, 11:25.933 --> 11:27.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% it was a very bland environment. 11:29.233 --> 11:30.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - [Thomas] Initially then the Denver Zoo 11:30.800 --> 11:32.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% was not particularly 11:32.033 --> 11:34.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% easy to distinguish from amusement parks, 11:34.500 --> 11:38.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% places like Ilitches or Manhattan Beach Amusement Park. 11:38.266 --> 11:41.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And so, you know, we see all of these kinds of uncertainties 11:41.033 --> 11:42.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and shifts about what is he really is. 11:46.566 --> 11:48.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] Circuses, amusement parks 11:48.066 --> 11:49.533 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% and zoos, 11:49.533 --> 11:52.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% all exploited curiosities for their audiences, 11:52.633 --> 11:57.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% even human ones, freak shows at some, human zoos at others. 12:00.266 --> 12:03.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Popularized by German wild animal trader and trainer, 12:03.766 --> 12:05.133 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Carl Hagenbeck. 12:05.133 --> 12:08.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% This exploitation trend went global. 12:10.033 --> 12:11.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - [Thomas] So Hagenbeck was one 12:11.433 --> 12:12.933 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% of the many folks involved 12:12.933 --> 12:15.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% in animal entertainment that drew different boundaries 12:15.766 --> 12:18.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% than most of us do today between between humanity 12:18.800 --> 12:20.233 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and the animal kingdom. 12:21.633 --> 12:23.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% In the late 1800s he had what he called people exhibits. 12:23.700 --> 12:26.633 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% - [Second Female Narrator] Hagenbeck's ethnographic exhibits 12:26.633 --> 12:29.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% displayed people from all over the globe, 12:29.633 --> 12:31.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% from the Saami people of Northern Europe 12:31.866 --> 12:34.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka. 12:34.566 --> 12:36.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (intense ambient music) 12:36.933 --> 12:40.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% The city of Denver provided no exception to this curiosity. 12:40.400 --> 12:42.933 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% In 1900, the city brought members 12:42.933 --> 12:47.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% of the Hickory Apache nation to City Park for nine days 12:47.233 --> 12:50.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% where the zoo served as a backdrop for their encampment. 12:54.466 --> 12:56.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - But Hagenbeck is remembered today, 12:56.466 --> 13:00.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% mostly in the zoo world as a revolutionary. 13:00.266 --> 13:01.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (tranquil ambient music) 13:01.800 --> 13:05.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Hagenbeck dispense with that old Victorian notion of the zoo 13:05.600 --> 13:09.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% as a series of caged enclosures organized taxonomically. 13:09.566 --> 13:14.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% His intention was to display animals in a new fashion. 13:14.300 --> 13:17.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This was to some extent about merchandising, 13:17.266 --> 13:20.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% every animal in Hagenbeck's habitat, zoo, 13:20.200 --> 13:22.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% was actually for sale. 13:22.733 --> 13:25.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And he implements this idea in his Hamburg Park 13:25.833 --> 13:27.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% in the early 1900s. 13:27.433 --> 13:29.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And it was incredibly ingenious. 13:30.500 --> 13:33.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Hagenbeck's habitat zoo essentially started 13:33.766 --> 13:35.233 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% to take away 13:35.233 --> 13:39.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% the bars and the barriers at least visually, 13:39.033 --> 13:43.866 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% and then create a natural setting for groupings of animals. 13:43.866 --> 13:45.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Granted, they were all charismatic megafauna 13:45.733 --> 13:48.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% often from different types of ecosystems, 13:48.000 --> 13:50.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% even different continents, but to see them all 13:50.300 --> 13:52.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% in a single view from a single place. 13:52.966 --> 13:54.300 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% - [George] Very stunning. 13:54.300 --> 13:56.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - This relied on a series of moats 13:56.133 --> 13:59.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that kept the animals separated from each other 13:59.000 --> 14:01.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% while lending the viewer the illusion 14:01.633 --> 14:04.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that the animals were all sharing a common habitat. 14:04.266 --> 14:06.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% All of the houses for the animals, 14:06.866 --> 14:10.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% all of the kind of service areas were also hidden. 14:12.633 --> 14:15.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This would be wildly influential, 14:15.133 --> 14:18.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% zoos around the world were inspired to change their ways 14:18.900 --> 14:20.133 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% by Hagenbeck's habitat zoo. 14:20.133 --> 14:21.366 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% To the greatest influence 14:21.366 --> 14:22.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that this would have on the Denver Zoo 14:22.566 --> 14:24.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% is really in the Bear Mountain area. 14:25.700 --> 14:27.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] What would become 14:27.133 --> 14:29.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% one of the most iconic features of the Denver Zoo, 14:29.266 --> 14:33.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Bear Mountain was just a piece of a larger plan, 14:33.133 --> 14:36.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% one that had many iterations and took years to initiate 14:37.966 --> 14:40.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Early on the zoo just really grew haphazardly 14:40.933 --> 14:42.133 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and it became apparent 14:42.133 --> 14:44.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that there really needed to be a master plan. 14:45.866 --> 14:49.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% In 1912, the zoo hired a head animal keeper 14:49.200 --> 14:51.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% whose name was Victor Hugo Boicherdt. 14:51.600 --> 14:54.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% He was extremely knowledgeable about the natural environment 14:54.800 --> 14:56.200 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and really brought, I think 14:56.200 --> 14:59.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% a new level of understanding of that to the zoo. 14:59.900 --> 15:01.400 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% And he was able to work with 15:01.400 --> 15:04.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% an extremely talented landscape architect 15:04.333 --> 15:07.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% named Sakoda Debore who drew these ideas 15:07.100 --> 15:09.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and brought them to life at least on paper. 15:12.033 --> 15:13.333 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% And it looked like finally 15:13.333 --> 15:16.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the zoo had a plan to take it into the future, 15:16.133 --> 15:18.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% they just needed the political will to move forward. 15:18.633 --> 15:22.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% And unfortunately, neither one of them possess that power. 15:22.733 --> 15:25.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It really wasn't until mayor Speer came back 15:25.066 --> 15:27.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% for a second term in 1916 15:27.833 --> 15:32.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that they finally had a champion in city hall. 15:32.433 --> 15:35.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% In 1916, mayor Speer gave a very important speech, 15:35.466 --> 15:37.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% entitled "Give While You Live". 15:37.933 --> 15:40.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% During this speech, he put forth the idea 15:40.466 --> 15:42.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that the influential citizens of Denver 15:42.733 --> 15:46.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% should really give while they were still alive 15:46.300 --> 15:49.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to build the important civic features 15:49.000 --> 15:52.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that we needed to make Denver a great city, parks, parkways 15:52.500 --> 15:54.233 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and that included the zoo. 15:54.233 --> 15:55.766 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% One of the outcomes was 15:55.766 --> 15:58.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that they finally had money to build what was to become 15:58.766 --> 16:00.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% one of the most significant enclosures 16:00.900 --> 16:02.633 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% in the zoo to this day, 16:02.633 --> 16:03.533 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% Bear Mountain. 16:05.833 --> 16:09.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Victor Boicherdt was directly inspired by Hagenbeck. 16:09.033 --> 16:10.333 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% The idea was again to kind of 16:10.333 --> 16:12.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% create the illusion of naturalness 16:12.533 --> 16:14.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and Boicherdt went to tremendous lengths. 16:14.633 --> 16:17.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - The construction was overseen by Sako Devora. 16:17.933 --> 16:19.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% It was a complicated process, 16:19.466 --> 16:21.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% they literally went out to the cliffs 16:21.033 --> 16:23.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% of Dinosaur Ridge out by Morrison 16:23.033 --> 16:26.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and made plaster casts of actual 16:26.066 --> 16:27.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% Colorado Rocky Mountain rocks. 16:27.933 --> 16:31.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% These casts were then brought down by caravan 16:31.033 --> 16:35.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% down to the town where they were carted to the zoo by truck, 16:35.600 --> 16:37.633 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and then reassembled. 16:37.633 --> 16:41.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - It was revolutionary at the time to literally 16:41.066 --> 16:44.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% create in place plaster castings 16:44.533 --> 16:47.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% that then could be placed as formwork 16:47.833 --> 16:51.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% on structural steel to create essentially in this case 16:51.633 --> 16:56.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% real rock formations that then can be executed remotely. 16:57.700 --> 16:58.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - [Thomas] He also used the idea 16:58.666 --> 17:01.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of moats so that the separation 17:01.866 --> 17:04.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% between the audience and the animal was no longer bars, 17:04.933 --> 17:06.166 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% but again, for the most part 17:06.166 --> 17:09.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% kept both people and animals safe at the zoo. 17:09.500 --> 17:11.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] The use of moats, layering 17:11.466 --> 17:13.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and naturalistic elements, 17:13.566 --> 17:18.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% all reflect Hagenbeck's influential habitat zoo concept. 17:18.166 --> 17:21.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% His legacy of ethnological expositions 17:21.500 --> 17:24.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% is also seen in the southern tip of Bear Mountain 17:24.866 --> 17:29.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% which was built to resemble an Aztec ruin and hows monkeys. 17:30.466 --> 17:32.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% However, the Denver Zoo did not completely 17:32.966 --> 17:35.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% implement Hagenbeck's vision. 17:35.466 --> 17:37.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - It was a naturalistic habitat for bears, 17:37.533 --> 17:39.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but there was no real attempt to present 17:39.733 --> 17:43.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% a sort of broader illusion with multiple species 17:43.933 --> 17:47.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% or that kind of panoramic view of an entire ecosystem. 17:47.866 --> 17:49.433 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% It was instead of more of 17:49.433 --> 17:52.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% discrete part of the Colorado countryside 17:52.033 --> 17:55.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% brought into Denver for one species. 17:55.033 --> 17:57.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And this was right off of 23rd Avenue, 17:57.100 --> 18:01.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and you could actually drive right up to it until 1959. 18:01.033 --> 18:02.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - This turned out to be more challenging 18:02.766 --> 18:04.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% than originally expected for two reasons, 18:04.866 --> 18:07.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% one was not only the complexity of the construction 18:07.966 --> 18:10.500 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% but they started in 1917, 18:10.500 --> 18:14.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% right at the onset of the US's involvement in World War One. 18:14.366 --> 18:16.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% That resulted in both materials 18:16.200 --> 18:18.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and labor being harder to come by 18:18.900 --> 18:23.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the cost significantly exceeded the original estimates. 18:23.533 --> 18:25.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Although all of that seemed to be forgiven 18:25.400 --> 18:27.366 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% the day it was unveiled. 18:29.166 --> 18:31.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Thomas] Bear Mountain was completed in 1918. 18:31.200 --> 18:32.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - [George] There was tremendous applause. 18:32.466 --> 18:35.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% People just loved this natural habitat 18:35.433 --> 18:37.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and loved seeing the bears in this habitat. 18:39.233 --> 18:43.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Essentially the real Rocky Mountain in City Park. 18:48.233 --> 18:51.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It looked like the zoo was finally on its way 18:51.633 --> 18:55.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to becoming the world-class zoo that Denver really wanted. 18:55.633 --> 18:59.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% But tragically, a earlier pandemic 18:59.066 --> 19:03.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% was to take the life of mayor Speer in 1918. 19:03.000 --> 19:07.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Really once again, causing the zoo's finances to dry up 19:07.600 --> 19:12.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and for progress at the zoo to come to a halt. 19:12.100 --> 19:13.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - [Second Female Narrator] In the end, 19:13.633 --> 19:18.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% the full phase plan for the Denver zoo never came to life. 19:18.133 --> 19:20.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - One of the beautiful things about the zoo, 19:20.400 --> 19:24.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% at least from a planner and a designer standpoint, 19:24.033 --> 19:28.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% is that it's a consistent reiteration in and 19:28.133 --> 19:30.700 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% all of our plans in some ways 19:30.700 --> 19:35.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% never really come to fruition the way you draw them 19:35.266 --> 19:37.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% because nothing is static. 19:37.133 --> 19:41.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Our plans really are frameworks in which to aspire to. 19:45.766 --> 19:47.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - After mayor Speer passed away, 19:47.200 --> 19:49.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% a number of other factors really 19:49.266 --> 19:50.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% stopped the progress of the zoo. 19:50.833 --> 19:53.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% We of course, had World War One 19:53.566 --> 19:57.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% followed by the depression and then World War Two. 19:58.566 --> 20:01.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% With the country focused on those global crises, 20:01.333 --> 20:03.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the zoo really did not have the resources 20:03.733 --> 20:05.066 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% to make any improvements 20:05.066 --> 20:07.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% or to move forward until World War Two. 20:09.000 --> 20:10.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - [Thomas] There's a feedback loop there 20:10.266 --> 20:12.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and without the money to create the exhibits 20:12.033 --> 20:14.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to draw the visitors, the zoo couldn't raise the money 20:14.233 --> 20:15.933 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% it needed to expand. 20:15.933 --> 20:18.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - But what you have to know about this profession 20:18.433 --> 20:23.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and the field is no one works here just for the paycheck, 20:24.566 --> 20:26.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% we work here because of the passion. 20:26.066 --> 20:28.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - The Denver zoo has always had incredibly dedicated staff 20:28.700 --> 20:30.500 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and during this tough period 20:30.500 --> 20:33.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% between World War One and World War Two, 20:33.133 --> 20:35.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the head zookeeper, Clyde Hill 20:35.366 --> 20:37.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% literally created a victory garden, 20:37.700 --> 20:41.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% took to growing the vegetables himself in his backyard 20:41.666 --> 20:43.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that would be used to feed the animals 20:43.866 --> 20:47.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to keep them alive in a time of food shortages. 20:47.066 --> 20:48.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% To think about the time 20:48.900 --> 20:51.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% when the world was so all over the place, 20:51.800 --> 20:54.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% we had wars happening, to think about that, 20:54.466 --> 20:57.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that inspiration and that motivation 20:57.133 --> 21:01.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and that commitment to wildlife is just is really special. 21:02.800 --> 21:04.300 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% - Clyde Hill, 21:04.300 --> 21:07.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% became one of the longest standing zoo directors, 21:07.466 --> 21:10.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and I think carried a lot of the things that Alfred Hill 21:10.766 --> 21:14.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% is that his father had had started and believed in 21:14.066 --> 21:18.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% in the early days and carried them through the mid century. 21:19.233 --> 21:20.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Second Female Narrator] While this era 21:20.033 --> 21:21.366 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% brought little growth, 21:21.366 --> 21:23.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the zoo did find some expansion 21:23.033 --> 21:25.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% through the works progress administration, 21:25.500 --> 21:27.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% which constructed Monkey Island. 21:29.233 --> 21:32.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% The monkeys previous exhibit hadn't been successful 21:32.266 --> 21:34.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% in actually keeping the animals in. 21:36.333 --> 21:38.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This newly vacant corner would become the home 21:38.900 --> 21:41.333 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% of a nearly blind polar bear 21:41.333 --> 21:44.600 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% left behind by a traveling circus. 21:44.600 --> 21:47.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Vlocks would become a beloved icon 21:47.066 --> 21:49.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% of the Denver Zoo for decades. 21:54.833 --> 21:57.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - In 1947, after World War Two, 21:57.533 --> 22:02.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% a young brash 35 year old came into mayoral power in Denver, 22:03.633 --> 22:05.233 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% mayor, Quigg Newton. 22:05.233 --> 22:09.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% He brought incredible energy, enthusiasm 22:09.200 --> 22:12.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and really had a long list of things 22:12.066 --> 22:14.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% he wanted to accomplish while he was mayor. 22:14.666 --> 22:16.566 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% The zoo was on that list. 22:16.566 --> 22:19.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - Many of Denver civic leaders were kind of embarrassed 22:19.833 --> 22:21.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% by the condition of the zoo, 22:21.366 --> 22:25.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% they wanted Denver to be, if not a world-class city, 22:25.266 --> 22:27.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% at least to kind of top tier US city 22:27.800 --> 22:29.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and zoos were one of the places 22:29.833 --> 22:33.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% where cities kind of duked it out for superiority. 22:33.733 --> 22:35.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% They were among the cultural institutions 22:35.800 --> 22:37.066 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% that really mattered. 22:37.066 --> 22:39.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And so for Denver's civic leaders, 22:39.633 --> 22:41.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the zoo was a real concern. 22:41.466 --> 22:43.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - The zoo was under the responsibility 22:43.133 --> 22:44.666 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% of the Parks Department, 22:44.666 --> 22:47.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and the Parks Department did as best as they could 22:47.233 --> 22:50.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% but with so many different priorities in the city, 22:50.266 --> 22:52.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it seemed like the zoo always was falling 22:52.466 --> 22:55.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to the bottom of the list to invest in. 22:55.066 --> 22:57.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And the zoo really just could not get the support 22:57.700 --> 23:00.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% or the political traction that it needed 23:00.133 --> 23:02.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% to be a successful institution. 23:03.100 --> 23:05.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Mayor Newton ultimately was responsible 23:05.633 --> 23:09.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% for the creation of the Denver Zoological Foundation. 23:09.766 --> 23:12.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% And that's the organization that I think finally 23:12.533 --> 23:15.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% gave the zoo the resources that it needed 23:15.133 --> 23:16.633 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% to grow to be a great zoo. 23:17.766 --> 23:20.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Arthur and Helen Johnson were tasked 23:20.033 --> 23:21.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% with really leading that effort. 23:21.800 --> 23:24.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They ended up being exactly the right people 23:24.566 --> 23:26.033 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% at exactly the right time. 23:26.033 --> 23:29.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% They had incredible energy, incredible resources 23:29.033 --> 23:30.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and they were able to get to 23:30.533 --> 23:32.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% the movers and shakers of Denver 23:32.966 --> 23:37.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to really spearhead the next 20 years of growth at the zoo. 23:39.933 --> 23:42.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - [Second Female Narrator] In 1950, one of the foundation's 23:42.400 --> 23:47.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% first fundraising efforts was to buy an elephant, Cookie, 23:48.600 --> 23:49.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% but once they had cookie in Denver, 23:49.866 --> 23:53.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% there was no place to properly show her off. 23:53.100 --> 23:56.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% So she lived in the pump house for nearly a decade 23:56.433 --> 23:57.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% until more money could be raised 23:57.933 --> 23:59.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% to build a pachyderm house. 24:01.366 --> 24:05.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% The zoo clearly needed a sustainable source of funding, 24:05.266 --> 24:10.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% so in 1959, the Denver Zoo charged its first admission. 24:11.700 --> 24:13.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - It was decided that adults would be charged 50 cents, 24:13.833 --> 24:15.233 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% children would be free 24:15.233 --> 24:17.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and there would be seven free days a year 24:17.466 --> 24:19.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% for people who could not afford to get into the zoo. 24:19.466 --> 24:22.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And they also developed a concessions program 24:22.100 --> 24:24.600 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% where a private contractor was brought in 24:24.600 --> 24:27.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to run food services as well as gift shops 24:27.633 --> 24:29.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% with the proceeds from the sale of those 24:29.500 --> 24:31.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% going to zoo operations. 24:31.933 --> 24:33.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Second Female Narrator] Simultaneously 24:33.433 --> 24:35.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the foundation looked to advance the campus 24:35.966 --> 24:38.266 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% through a new master plan. 24:38.266 --> 24:39.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% - The zoo went to McFadden 24:39.833 --> 24:42.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and architectural firm out of Waukegan, Illinois 24:42.033 --> 24:45.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that actually had some zoo design background, 24:45.866 --> 24:48.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% which at the time was a little bit unique 24:48.866 --> 24:52.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and the desire for this new organization 24:52.300 --> 24:56.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and this new board to really have a roadmap of where to go 24:56.533 --> 24:58.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and some excitement for the community 24:58.466 --> 25:00.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and the ability to raise money, 25:00.166 --> 25:03.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% this plan was critical in putting that on the map 25:03.433 --> 25:05.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and starting to advance it. 25:06.200 --> 25:09.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - The zoo was able to build new facilities 25:09.033 --> 25:10.533 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% for the animal population 25:10.533 --> 25:13.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that utilized the latest in zoo thinking at the time, 25:13.800 --> 25:16.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% for example the giraffe pavilion 25:16.900 --> 25:18.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% had an overhead feeding system 25:18.666 --> 25:21.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that was really revolutionary at the time. 25:21.333 --> 25:25.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% These buildings used the latest sanitary materials, 25:25.133 --> 25:27.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% chrome, tile, materials like that. 25:27.833 --> 25:30.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% And on top of it, they were really beautiful pieces 25:30.700 --> 25:31.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% of modern architecture 25:31.966 --> 25:34.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and they left this great legacy of modern design. 25:34.966 --> 25:36.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% - The pachyderm house, 25:36.433 --> 25:39.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% it was a great expression of using cast-in-place 25:39.266 --> 25:43.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and in some cases, precast concrete to cover, hide 25:43.900 --> 25:46.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and transform the physical structures 25:46.600 --> 25:49.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% into more naturalistic landscapes. 25:49.133 --> 25:53.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Felines is a beautiful mid-century modern complex 25:53.733 --> 25:57.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and it started to express the thinking at the time 25:57.466 --> 25:59.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% for the best care for the animals 25:59.633 --> 26:02.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and the best way to display for the guests. 26:05.533 --> 26:08.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% A master plan is intended to point in a direction. 26:08.833 --> 26:12.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% More importantly, it's something that starts a conversation. 26:12.266 --> 26:15.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Conversations with our city leaders, 26:15.766 --> 26:17.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% conversations with the community. 26:17.666 --> 26:18.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% What do they care about? 26:18.933 --> 26:21.066 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% What do they want, what do they need, 26:21.066 --> 26:24.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% conversations in our zoologic community 26:24.266 --> 26:25.933 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% and what is a better zoo. 26:27.933 --> 26:29.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Second Female Narrator] With the rise 26:29.366 --> 26:32.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% of the modern environmental movement in the 1960s, 26:32.533 --> 26:35.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% conservationists and animal rights activists 26:35.133 --> 26:38.633 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% were beginning to heavily critique zoos over their purpose. 26:39.833 --> 26:42.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It was also evident that wild animal populations 26:42.266 --> 26:44.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% were in decline from human activities. 26:47.966 --> 26:51.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - So zoos went into the conservation mission full on 26:51.500 --> 26:55.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and by the 1970s, 1980s, 26:55.033 --> 26:56.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that was really sort of the main way 26:56.933 --> 26:58.366 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% that they tied together 26:58.366 --> 26:59.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% all of the different things they were doing 26:59.966 --> 27:03.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% whether it was a veterinary care, captive breeding programs, 27:03.300 --> 27:04.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% reintroduction programs, 27:04.566 --> 27:06.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to the extent that they were involved in those. 27:06.700 --> 27:08.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - [Second Female Narrator] In 1981, 27:08.000 --> 27:11.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% the Association of Zoos and Aquariums 27:11.033 --> 27:14.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% developed the species survival plan program 27:14.566 --> 27:17.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% where member institutions collaborated 27:17.133 --> 27:20.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% to save the most vulnerable species 27:20.100 --> 27:23.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and maximize genetic diversity in breeding programs. 27:28.666 --> 27:30.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - Blackfooted ferrets where zoo saved those, 27:30.733 --> 27:32.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% California Condors, zoo saved those. 27:32.800 --> 27:34.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So we really started to actually get involved 27:34.866 --> 27:36.766 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% in not just connecting people 27:36.766 --> 27:39.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but working ourselves to help save wildlife. 27:39.233 --> 27:42.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And that has flourished since that time. 27:42.000 --> 27:43.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Second Female Narrator] The Denver Zoo 27:43.333 --> 27:46.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% began to invest in conservation around the world, 27:46.500 --> 27:48.333 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the zoo's first field program 27:48.333 --> 27:49.833 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and it's longest running 27:49.833 --> 27:52.900 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% was established in 1990 in Mongolia. 27:54.500 --> 27:58.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% In Denver charismatic characters like Klondike and Snow 27:58.133 --> 28:00.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% became icons for conservation 28:00.600 --> 28:03.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and drew massive audiences to the zoo. 28:03.600 --> 28:05.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In fact, the siblings doubled the Denver Zoo's 28:05.966 --> 28:09.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% attendance in the 90s through successful marketing. 28:10.833 --> 28:13.033 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Abandoned by their mother, 28:13.033 --> 28:15.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the Denver Zoo favorites were poster bears 28:15.766 --> 28:20.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% for how far the zoo had come in it's animal care programs. 28:20.266 --> 28:22.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% They were the first polar bear cubs 28:22.200 --> 28:25.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to be hand-raised in a zoo in over a decade. 28:27.300 --> 28:30.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - [Bert] Researchers hardly ever see a baby polar bear. 28:30.233 --> 28:32.533 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Their first opportunity to see them 28:32.533 --> 28:34.033 align:left position:25% line:5% size:65% is when they come out of the cave 28:34.033 --> 28:37.066 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% and at that that point there about five months of age. 28:37.066 --> 28:39.366 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% We had Klondike and Snow in the hospital 28:39.366 --> 28:41.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% when they were only a few hours of age 28:41.100 --> 28:42.633 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55% so. - Really? 28:42.633 --> 28:44.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - [Bert] We've been able to contribute some information 28:44.100 --> 28:47.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% to people that study polar bears for a living, 28:47.633 --> 28:48.866 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% that they would never 28:48.866 --> 28:50.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% have the opportunity to have gotten otherwise. 28:53.633 --> 28:54.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - [Second Female Narrator] This work 28:54.533 --> 28:56.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% could not have been done 28:56.000 --> 28:59.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% without the Scientific and Cultural Facilities District. 28:59.833 --> 29:04.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% In 1988, the SCFD was formed to provide funding to Denver 29:06.033 --> 29:09.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% significant cultural and scientific institutions, 29:09.433 --> 29:10.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% which were struggling at the time 29:10.866 --> 29:13.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% due to serious economic downturn. 29:14.400 --> 29:18.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Attacks of one penny from every $10 purchase 29:18.100 --> 29:21.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% would go to these facilities indefinitely. 29:22.533 --> 29:25.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - And as you come up against financial challenges 29:25.300 --> 29:28.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and crisises as we have with COVID, 29:28.033 --> 29:32.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% those dollars are often a safety net to keep you going 29:32.033 --> 29:34.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and to keep you sustainable. 29:34.066 --> 29:36.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - Zoos have particular financial challenges 29:36.800 --> 29:39.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The care and feeding of exotic animals 29:39.300 --> 29:41.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% is a very expensive proposition. 29:41.466 --> 29:42.733 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% - I think that helped 29:42.733 --> 29:45.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to ease the constant fundraising pressure 29:45.166 --> 29:47.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and also provided revenue streams 29:47.733 --> 29:50.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% for things that are hard to raise money for. 29:50.333 --> 29:51.533 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% - [Steve] Finally, the zoo 29:51.533 --> 29:53.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% had a reliable source of funding. 29:53.366 --> 29:56.433 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Bert] That investment by the people of Colorado 29:56.433 --> 29:59.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% allowed us to reinvest in our community 29:59.900 --> 30:02.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to allow for access, to allow for a great facilities, 30:02.966 --> 30:05.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to allow us to deliver education programs 30:05.566 --> 30:08.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% in meaningful ways throughout our areas. 30:09.400 --> 30:11.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [Second Female Narrator] Secure funding also allowed zoos 30:11.733 --> 30:16.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to develop exhibits that they'd already begun to re-imagine. 30:16.033 --> 30:18.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The environmental movement had pushed many zoos 30:18.333 --> 30:21.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to discover new ways to inspire visitors 30:21.200 --> 30:23.900 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% into conservation action. 30:23.900 --> 30:27.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% In the 1970s, a new kind of exhibition 30:27.233 --> 30:30.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% would transform the zoo experience. 30:31.266 --> 30:32.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - One of the sort of key innovators 30:32.833 --> 30:34.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% is a guy named David Hancock's, 30:34.333 --> 30:37.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% closely associated with the Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle. 30:37.466 --> 30:39.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And so Hancock's pioneered an idea called 30:39.866 --> 30:42.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% "immersive exhibitry", it's zoos. 30:42.466 --> 30:43.766 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% And in a lot of ways, 30:43.766 --> 30:46.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% this was a throwback to Hagenbeck's idea. 30:46.466 --> 30:48.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% The notion was to provide larger, 30:48.866 --> 30:50.866 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% more naturalistic habitats. 30:50.866 --> 30:52.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% There was more emphasis now 30:52.566 --> 30:55.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% on the way that visitors would move through an exhibit 30:55.700 --> 30:56.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and the way that visitors would move 30:56.966 --> 30:58.266 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% through the zoo as a whole. 30:58.266 --> 31:00.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - The exhibitry is situated in such a way 31:00.966 --> 31:05.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% that it is working with the natural history of that animal 31:05.133 --> 31:06.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and the natural behaviors of that animal 31:06.900 --> 31:08.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% in the best possible way. 31:08.466 --> 31:10.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Another key part of this immersive exhibitry 31:10.666 --> 31:13.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% was a fuller move away from kind of the taxonomic 31:13.966 --> 31:17.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% vision that it endured in zoos despite Hagenbeck's effort. 31:17.233 --> 31:18.433 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% And so in immersive exhibitry 31:18.433 --> 31:20.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% tried to emphasize relationships. 31:20.533 --> 31:21.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] Visitors were given 31:21.900 --> 31:24.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% a much more holistic understanding of conservation, 31:24.566 --> 31:29.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and the immersive experience left a more profound impact. 31:29.533 --> 31:32.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Primate Panorama was Denver zoo's first expression 31:32.666 --> 31:37.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% of landscape immersion and opened in 1996. 31:37.400 --> 31:40.233 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - [George] Primate Panorama was one of the best 31:40.233 --> 31:44.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and one of the first of its kind in the country. 31:45.566 --> 31:50.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% When you walk into it, you almost forget you're in Denver. 31:50.500 --> 31:52.966 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% That in fact is the point. 31:54.366 --> 31:57.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Clayton Freiheit, our longest serving zoo director 31:57.733 --> 32:00.133 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% was just a real proponent of that. 32:00.133 --> 32:01.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] Clayton Freiheit 32:01.400 --> 32:04.233 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% arrived at the Denver zoo in 1970 32:04.233 --> 32:08.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and would lead the institution for 37 years. 32:08.266 --> 32:10.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Clayton Freiheit came to Denver as kind of a 32:10.433 --> 32:12.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% wonder kin in the zoo world. 32:12.033 --> 32:14.800 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% He had become the curator, which was basically equivalent 32:14.800 --> 32:19.033 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to the director of the Buffalo Zoo when he was only 22. 32:19.033 --> 32:21.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% He showed up in Denver several years later 32:21.633 --> 32:26.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% with a very, very big reputation for such a young guy. 32:26.400 --> 32:29.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - He was I think an interesting mix of 32:29.133 --> 32:30.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% of old school and new school 32:30.966 --> 32:32.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and I think that's what made him 32:32.100 --> 32:34.433 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% very important in our history. 32:34.433 --> 32:36.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - He was a guy who loved animals 32:36.200 --> 32:38.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and a guy who knew animals front and back. 32:38.766 --> 32:41.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And he had that hands-on knowledge, 32:41.400 --> 32:44.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% he had that experience in the enclosures 32:44.366 --> 32:47.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% but unlike most of the sort of older 32:47.300 --> 32:49.833 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% generation of zoo people, 32:49.833 --> 32:52.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Freiheit was also very magnanimous, 32:52.766 --> 32:56.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% he was very comfortable with donors. 32:56.900 --> 32:59.566 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% He was a very engaging person 32:59.566 --> 33:03.733 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and so he had kind of that perfect mix then of skills 33:03.733 --> 33:06.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% needed to to really revive the zoo 33:06.966 --> 33:09.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and turn it into a major institute. 33:09.733 --> 33:12.500 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [George] Ultimately, things like Predator Ridge 33:12.500 --> 33:14.333 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and Toyota Elephant Passage 33:14.333 --> 33:19.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% essentially were legacies of of his progression of thought 33:20.200 --> 33:22.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and leadership for the zoo. 33:24.200 --> 33:25.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] Benson Predator Ridge 33:25.666 --> 33:27.700 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% opened in 2004 33:27.700 --> 33:30.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and was a groundbreaking exhibit. 33:30.233 --> 33:33.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - Predator Ridge is really foundational 33:33.966 --> 33:36.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% in modern and contemporary zoo design. 33:36.933 --> 33:41.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The concept is multiple places that animals 33:41.166 --> 33:43.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% actually can be exhibited throughout the day 33:43.966 --> 33:46.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% at any given time throughout the year. 33:52.233 --> 33:54.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And so there's an orchestration essentially 33:54.400 --> 33:58.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% naturally or managed of animals moving 33:58.100 --> 34:00.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and being seen from different positions 34:00.066 --> 34:01.700 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and being in new spaces. 34:03.133 --> 34:04.700 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Certainly for a 100 years, 34:04.700 --> 34:09.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% zoos essentially existed as an animal habitat with a barn 34:11.633 --> 34:13.233 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% and people. 34:13.233 --> 34:17.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% People came in, animal went out into the yard, 34:17.966 --> 34:22.933 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% people saw them, rinse and repeat, do that tomorrow 34:22.933 --> 34:24.933 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% do that for a 100 years. 34:24.933 --> 34:28.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% That's what essentially is the backbone of the zoo. 34:28.000 --> 34:31.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Predator Ridge completely blew that up and said, 34:31.766 --> 34:34.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I'm not going to have one animal habitat, 34:34.733 --> 34:36.100 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% I'm gonna have many. 34:37.300 --> 34:41.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And my building is going to be able to move them 34:41.566 --> 34:44.900 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% dynamically into different spaces 34:44.900 --> 34:49.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and the people are going to start to engage that edge 34:49.533 --> 34:53.566 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% in new ways, with new views and new experiences. 34:54.766 --> 34:56.533 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And it's not just rinse and repeat, 34:56.533 --> 34:58.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% tomorrow it will be different, 34:58.033 --> 35:00.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% as a matter of fact, after lunch it will be different. 35:02.933 --> 35:05.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - We've got three different social groups of animals, 35:05.066 --> 35:07.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% so wild dogs, hyenas and lions, 35:07.433 --> 35:08.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% they're all social carnivores. 35:08.666 --> 35:10.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So they live in groups, they hunt in groups, 35:10.733 --> 35:12.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% they all naturally occur in the same space. 35:12.400 --> 35:14.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Predator Ridge made it that all animals, 35:14.233 --> 35:15.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% all different animals could go on those. 35:15.533 --> 35:16.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Now they don't go in at the same time 35:16.633 --> 35:17.900 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% obviously 35:17.900 --> 35:19.400 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% because they don't get along, (Lion roaring) 35:19.400 --> 35:21.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% but what it created is as a much more dynamic environment 35:21.700 --> 35:24.366 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% because, one it's not predictable, 35:24.366 --> 35:26.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% they don't know exactly where they're gonna go every day, 35:26.066 --> 35:27.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and if you think about a wild animal, 35:27.433 --> 35:28.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% their day is not predictable. 35:28.666 --> 35:30.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% That was huge to think about like, 35:30.766 --> 35:33.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% hey, instead of just this one yard, I've got three yards, 35:33.200 --> 35:35.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I've got 30 different setups in the back 35:35.500 --> 35:36.700 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that I might be experiencing 35:36.700 --> 35:38.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% as an animal. (background chattering) 35:38.100 --> 35:40.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - It took years to actually get 35:40.866 --> 35:44.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% into an operational rhythm literally 35:44.700 --> 35:46.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% because there were so many opportunities, 35:46.866 --> 35:50.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% so many different ways to activate it, to operate it 35:50.666 --> 35:52.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and understand what ones were the best 35:52.733 --> 35:55.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% for the current residents of the exhibit. 35:56.800 --> 35:58.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - But you could come in this morning for instance 35:58.633 --> 36:00.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and see lions in the main yard 36:00.100 --> 36:01.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and you might see wild dogs there in the afternoon, 36:01.633 --> 36:04.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% but at least daily they're in different exhibits. 36:04.200 --> 36:06.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% So it's complicated, but it's great for the animals, 36:06.133 --> 36:07.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% it's worth every minute of it. 36:07.000 --> 36:08.233 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% (machine screaming) 36:08.233 --> 36:09.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - So inside we have our family pride, 36:09.766 --> 36:12.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% we have seven lions in this group. 36:12.466 --> 36:14.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Right here, we have two of our adult females, 36:14.366 --> 36:15.966 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Subhi and Elia, 36:15.966 --> 36:17.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and then over here, we have five others. 36:17.833 --> 36:20.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% We have our other adult female, Camara, 36:20.166 --> 36:21.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% our adult male Tobias, 36:21.966 --> 36:25.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and then we have three Cubs Tattoo, Oscar and Aralli. 36:26.433 --> 36:28.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The animals have access at night to the yards 36:28.900 --> 36:31.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and then we bring them inside in the mornings 36:31.200 --> 36:33.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% so that we can open up the yard, clean it 36:33.833 --> 36:36.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and then we'll rotate them to a different yard. 36:36.333 --> 36:38.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% So these guys were in a different yard last night 36:38.866 --> 36:41.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and there'll be going to a new yard this morning. 36:41.766 --> 36:44.600 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% (chains rattling) 36:45.700 --> 36:48.200 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - You're going into the open? - Yeah. 36:48.200 --> 36:53.200 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% (cable grazing pulley) (metal clanging) 36:59.966 --> 37:04.300 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - It's a true commitment to animal care and wellbeing 37:04.300 --> 37:06.566 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% inside of exhibitry 37:06.566 --> 37:08.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and a real commitment 37:08.033 --> 37:11.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% to elevating the guest experience and interface. 37:11.766 --> 37:13.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% But it's an important commitment, 37:13.000 --> 37:14.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that's the commitment we should be making. 37:16.300 --> 37:20.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Predator Ridge was the recipient of the ACA Top Honors Award 37:20.266 --> 37:21.900 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and it certainly deserved it. 37:21.900 --> 37:23.800 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% I think a better testament is 37:23.800 --> 37:27.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that it gets visited by other institutions 37:27.433 --> 37:31.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and other leaders in our industry constantly. 37:31.300 --> 37:35.166 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - And so it's been copied a lot, including by ourselves. 37:35.166 --> 37:36.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Toyota Elephant Passage is what I call 37:36.966 --> 37:37.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% Predator Ridge on steroids, 37:37.966 --> 37:39.166 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% we took that same concept 37:39.166 --> 37:40.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and applied it to elephants and rhinos, 37:40.933 --> 37:42.000 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and it's been huge. 37:43.933 --> 37:45.300 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - [George] Toyota Elephant Passage 37:45.300 --> 37:47.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% took it to an entirely different level 37:47.800 --> 37:50.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that became more than just flex, 37:50.133 --> 37:52.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% it's flex and rotational habitat 37:52.833 --> 37:57.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% by having six main yards of which you walk into, 37:57.500 --> 37:59.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% not only are you immersed in a landscape 37:59.466 --> 38:02.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but you're immersed in the actual exhibitry 38:02.466 --> 38:05.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and once you walk into Toyota Elephant Passage, 38:05.000 --> 38:08.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% you're completely surrounded by animals 38:08.000 --> 38:11.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and those animals are moving on a constant basis. 38:12.933 --> 38:16.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% So whether it's by their choice or with the animal keepers, 38:16.733 --> 38:19.900 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% they're moving, they're active, they're swimming. 38:19.900 --> 38:21.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] Toyota Elephant Passage 38:21.833 --> 38:23.933 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% has 138 gates 38:23.933 --> 38:25.766 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% that can be used daily, 38:25.766 --> 38:29.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and 1.2 million gallons of pool water, 38:29.533 --> 38:30.966 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% a mammoth undertaking. 38:32.633 --> 38:35.533 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% (machine turns on) 38:38.733 --> 38:42.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Come on boys. (tranquil ambient music) 38:44.833 --> 38:46.166 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% Good boy Jake. 38:46.166 --> 38:48.333 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Jake's favorite is anything food, 38:48.333 --> 38:50.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% so he's not really picky at all. 38:52.166 --> 38:53.566 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% So this is Billy. 38:53.566 --> 38:55.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Billy has the most pink freckles of any of our elephants. 38:55.966 --> 38:59.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Asian elephants get pink discoloration on their skin 38:59.100 --> 39:00.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that look kind of like freckles. 39:00.766 --> 39:02.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% African elephants don't, 39:02.000 --> 39:03.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that's one of the ways you can tell them apart. 39:05.200 --> 39:07.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% We have the largest bachelor herd in North America, 39:07.466 --> 39:10.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% so we have all male elephants living together 39:10.100 --> 39:12.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and that's how male elephants naturally socialized. 39:14.200 --> 39:16.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% We're always moving around to get them to where they're, 39:16.566 --> 39:17.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% who they're gonna be socializing with, 39:17.833 --> 39:19.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% what yards they're gonna be in. 39:19.266 --> 39:21.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% They spend time in different yards all the time. 39:21.766 --> 39:23.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% We share Toyota Elephant Passage 39:23.133 --> 39:25.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% with three greater one horned rhinos 39:25.566 --> 39:27.833 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% which gives them a really natural enrichment 39:27.833 --> 39:29.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% where they're gonna be smelling other animals 39:29.500 --> 39:31.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that they would be smelling 39:31.000 --> 39:33.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and coming into contact with in Southeast Asia. 39:34.766 --> 39:37.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% So as they move around, we do a lot of shifting all day 39:37.533 --> 39:41.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and then also pulling them in and out for training sessions, 39:41.900 --> 39:43.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% any medical treatments that they need. 39:44.866 --> 39:46.733 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% They're ready to go out. 39:46.733 --> 39:47.766 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% All right. 39:47.766 --> 39:51.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% (industrial machine running) 39:56.600 --> 39:59.466 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (metal clanging) 39:59.466 --> 40:01.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - I think Clayton asked, what's important? 40:01.433 --> 40:02.266 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% Wat can we do? 40:02.266 --> 40:03.100 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% What should we do? 40:04.766 --> 40:07.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And the comment came Asian elephants 40:07.766 --> 40:10.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and bull male Asian elephants 40:11.633 --> 40:13.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% are the most important thing we could do 40:13.900 --> 40:15.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% for zoo communities. 40:16.633 --> 40:18.833 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And so we started to walk that road. 40:20.233 --> 40:23.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That road being the hardest possible road you could choose, 40:25.500 --> 40:30.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the most difficult kind of engagement of the 40:30.200 --> 40:32.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% largest animals that you, (chuckles) 40:32.133 --> 40:34.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that you hold in the campus. 40:36.100 --> 40:41.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% That conversation was 10 years before we cut the ribbon, 40:42.500 --> 40:45.100 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% it's achieved the highest level in that exhibit, 40:45.100 --> 40:46.200 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% I really believe that. 40:50.966 --> 40:52.433 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% (tranquil ambient music continues) 40:52.433 --> 40:53.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] 2021 marks the zoo's 40:53.766 --> 40:56.966 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65% 125th anniversary. 40:56.966 --> 40:59.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Walking through the campus today, 40:59.000 --> 41:02.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% visitors can witness the Denver Zoo's evolution and design. 41:03.900 --> 41:06.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Some older buildings have been replaced 41:06.166 --> 41:09.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% while others have been adapted and repurposed. 41:09.566 --> 41:11.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - The brick maintenance barns 41:11.033 --> 41:13.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% were really masterpieces of architecture 41:13.500 --> 41:15.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and I think that's reflected of the fact 41:15.666 --> 41:17.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that those structures have been added 41:17.233 --> 41:19.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to the National Register of Historic Places. 41:19.933 --> 41:22.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% In the 1990s the buildings received funding, 41:22.166 --> 41:23.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% which allowed them to be preserved 41:23.733 --> 41:25.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and these buildings are now really ready 41:25.700 --> 41:28.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to serve the zoo for the next 100 years. 41:30.366 --> 41:32.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% But structures that were built 41:32.100 --> 41:34.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% in the late 1800s to house animals, 41:34.666 --> 41:36.466 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% really are no longer adequate 41:36.466 --> 41:39.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% in terms of what we know animals need to be healthy 41:39.700 --> 41:42.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and psychologically happy in a habit. 41:42.533 --> 41:44.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - We're always trying to say, how can we improve this 41:44.633 --> 41:46.366 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and make this the best for the animals that are in there? 41:46.366 --> 41:48.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% Or is there a different animal 41:48.066 --> 41:49.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that might work better in there? 41:49.300 --> 41:51.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Or do we need to take it down, right? 41:51.866 --> 41:53.400 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Is it just not work. 41:53.400 --> 41:55.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% In the felines building, that's where we had lions 41:55.166 --> 41:56.466 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% that's where we had tigers 41:56.466 --> 41:59.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and we've learned over time that those spaces, 41:59.033 --> 42:01.800 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% especially the holding spaces, aren't big enough. 42:01.800 --> 42:03.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% That's a great exhibit for a parrot. 42:05.433 --> 42:07.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So at Bear Mountain, we've housed 42:07.100 --> 42:08.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% a lot of different species over the years 42:08.600 --> 42:10.933 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and at some points in time, we had polar bears over there 42:10.933 --> 42:12.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and we've also had sea lions over there. 42:12.766 --> 42:14.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The Marine Mammal Protection Act came along 42:14.966 --> 42:17.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and it had specific guidelines 42:17.233 --> 42:19.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% around how animals need to be cared for 42:19.466 --> 42:22.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% in captive collections for any marine mammals. 42:22.066 --> 42:24.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Bear Mountain didn't provide all of those aspects, 42:24.266 --> 42:25.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% the amount of pool space holding. 42:25.733 --> 42:28.133 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And so from that, you got our polar bear exhibit 42:28.133 --> 42:31.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that we built as well as our sea lion exhibit that we built. 42:33.500 --> 42:36.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - 2018 was a 100 year anniversary of Bear Mountain. 42:36.600 --> 42:38.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% We've recently moved the bears 42:38.000 --> 42:39.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% out of Bear Mountain into Harmony Hill 42:39.766 --> 42:41.033 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% our new bear exhibit. 42:41.033 --> 42:42.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% That's the first time that bears have been 42:42.933 --> 42:44.533 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% moved out of Bear Mountain 42:44.533 --> 42:47.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and put into a different place in a 100 years. 42:47.666 --> 42:50.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% The Harmony Hill creates the immersion 42:50.166 --> 42:51.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% in a slightly different way, 42:51.733 --> 42:55.066 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% it may not be landscape immersion, but it's story immersion. 42:55.066 --> 42:56.700 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - You might be camping in nature, 42:56.700 --> 42:59.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and we wanted to put people in this situation with tents 42:59.600 --> 43:01.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and the things that they would do, 43:01.233 --> 43:03.133 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% lifting your food storage up 43:03.133 --> 43:04.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% so that bears would stay away from it, 43:04.933 --> 43:07.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and tell the stories, the important stories 43:07.033 --> 43:10.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% about people interacting with wildlife in a very safe way. 43:10.733 --> 43:12.433 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - And that's certainly not the technique 43:12.433 --> 43:15.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that was used a 100 years ago at Bear Mountain, 43:15.533 --> 43:18.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% but something that we think is really important now 43:18.566 --> 43:21.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and advances the mission and the experience. 43:22.900 --> 43:26.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - In 2018 with the opening of Harmony Hill, 43:26.433 --> 43:29.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Bear Mountain was really no longer needed to house bears 43:29.533 --> 43:32.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but the structure is so historically important 43:32.133 --> 43:34.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and such a beloved part of the zoo, 43:34.266 --> 43:36.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that the zoo really wanted to keep it 43:36.333 --> 43:38.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% going forward into the future. 43:38.066 --> 43:40.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% So they received a grant from the State Historical Fund 43:40.733 --> 43:43.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to conduct a historic structures assessment 43:43.133 --> 43:46.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to make plans for the preservation of Bear Mountain 43:46.666 --> 43:49.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% so that it could continue well into the 21st century. 43:50.766 --> 43:53.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [George] Bear Mountain is the first example 43:53.033 --> 43:57.466 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% of naturalistic exhibitry habitat zoo design, 43:57.466 --> 44:00.166 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% artificial rock work in the country. 44:01.533 --> 44:03.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - [Bert] And that's what continues to make that exhibit 44:03.766 --> 44:05.166 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% worth preserving 44:05.166 --> 44:09.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and highlighting for generations of visitors and beyond. 44:09.466 --> 44:10.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Second Female Narrator] Bear Mountain 44:10.300 --> 44:11.833 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% is not only a monument 44:11.833 --> 44:15.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to the Denver Zoo's history of innovation and commitment 44:15.433 --> 44:19.133 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% but also a monument to how far the institution has come. 44:19.133 --> 44:22.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - And if you look back at how it came, it was not easy 44:23.333 --> 44:24.400 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and nothing has been. 44:25.566 --> 44:29.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And that's also part of the important story 44:29.066 --> 44:31.433 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and legacy of Bear Mountain, 44:31.433 --> 44:33.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that if you wanna do something great, 44:33.233 --> 44:35.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% if you wanna do something impactful, 44:35.366 --> 44:37.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% it is going to be difficult. 44:39.266 --> 44:42.866 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% And that has been the case for everything we've done. 44:44.066 --> 44:45.000 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% - [Second Female Narrator] The zoo 44:45.000 --> 44:46.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% has tackled countless challenges 44:46.766 --> 44:48.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% through the passion both staff and visitors 44:48.966 --> 44:52.666 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% have for wildlife and animal care. 44:52.666 --> 44:55.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% This has inevitably led to hard moments. 44:58.100 --> 44:59.700 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Staff and visitors alike 44:59.700 --> 45:03.333 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% have mourn the passing of animals since the zoo's inception. 45:08.166 --> 45:10.333 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% - We're always challenging ourselves 45:10.333 --> 45:12.033 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% to take the best care of the animals that we have 45:12.033 --> 45:13.466 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% because these guys are our connection, 45:13.466 --> 45:16.300 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% these are the connection that we have to the wild 45:16.300 --> 45:18.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and Denver Zoo has always been progressive, 45:18.633 --> 45:20.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% we were one of the first zoos to have a behaviorist, 45:20.466 --> 45:22.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% we were one of the first cities to have a nutritionist, 45:22.466 --> 45:24.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% we were one of the first schools to have a welfare program. 45:24.333 --> 45:26.733 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And so I wanna think how we can continue 45:26.733 --> 45:28.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% to be innovative in that space 45:28.000 --> 45:30.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and continue to move the needle and care 45:30.033 --> 45:32.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and continue to move the needle in conservation of wildlife. 45:32.366 --> 45:33.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Denver Zoo has always been one of the leaders 45:33.866 --> 45:36.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and we will always be pressing that edge to say, 45:36.766 --> 45:38.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% can we do it better? 45:38.433 --> 45:39.233 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% And we will. 45:40.433 --> 45:41.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% We made a decision several years ago 45:41.966 --> 45:43.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that we needed to build a brand new animal hospital 45:43.966 --> 45:46.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that met the needs of the animals today 45:46.500 --> 45:47.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and all the medicine that we can do 45:47.700 --> 45:49.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% 'cause that has evolved significantly. 45:49.333 --> 45:51.066 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - It's absolutely critical. 45:51.066 --> 45:53.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Brian] We have a really strong vet program, 45:53.633 --> 45:55.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% we have four board certified vets. 45:55.466 --> 45:57.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So they are certified in zoo medicine, 45:57.533 --> 45:59.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that's four out of about 230 in the world, 45:59.933 --> 46:02.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% but we had a very old hospital. 46:02.866 --> 46:04.200 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% - In 2020, we opened 46:04.200 --> 46:06.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the Helen and Arthur E. Johnson Animal Hospital 46:06.933 --> 46:08.166 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% here at Denver Zoo. 46:08.166 --> 46:09.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Brian] Everything's state-of-the-art inside. 46:09.700 --> 46:12.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - It has a capacity for a small animal treatment room, 46:12.633 --> 46:15.533 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% a large animal treatment room, a surgery suite, a lab 46:15.533 --> 46:18.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and we have a CT scan, so that's brand new equipment for us. 46:18.900 --> 46:20.300 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Then this provides us 46:20.300 --> 46:21.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% with all of the necessary medical equipment 46:21.766 --> 46:24.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to provide really exceptional veterinary care. 46:24.433 --> 46:27.833 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (tranquil ambient music) 46:31.433 --> 46:33.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% The other thing that's unique about this building 46:33.266 --> 46:35.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% is that it will be visible to the public 46:35.900 --> 46:38.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% so they can come into the viewing area in the lobby 46:38.333 --> 46:40.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and view us working in these spaces. 46:40.566 --> 46:43.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% We'll be able to interact with the guests, 46:43.366 --> 46:44.733 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% they'll be able to ask us questions, 46:44.733 --> 46:45.866 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% we'll have a microphone 46:45.866 --> 46:47.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and we'll have somebody out in the lobby 46:47.333 --> 46:48.800 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that can facilitate questions 46:48.800 --> 46:51.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and will be able to describe what we're doing. 46:51.333 --> 46:54.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - We're really opening it up to our guests. 46:54.833 --> 46:57.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And you're part of what's happening 46:57.166 --> 46:58.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% because we do a phenomenal job at it, 46:58.933 --> 47:01.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% it's critical to our operation. 47:01.600 --> 47:03.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I think that that's really important 47:03.366 --> 47:06.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% because it's not a behind the scenes function, 47:06.066 --> 47:07.600 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% it shouldn't be, 47:07.600 --> 47:10.233 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% people want to know how do you care for your animals. 47:10.233 --> 47:11.733 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% And now we can share that 47:11.733 --> 47:14.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% as both an educational experience 47:14.300 --> 47:16.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and an experience that can I think really 47:16.600 --> 47:19.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% continue to garner our community support 47:19.766 --> 47:21.233 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% for what we're doing here. 47:23.400 --> 47:25.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% fundamentally, the history of the zoo 47:25.100 --> 47:27.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% is about the Denver community 47:27.000 --> 47:29.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and the relationship with the community, it really is. 47:30.833 --> 47:35.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Economic down turn, recessions, depressions, 47:35.500 --> 47:38.533 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% we've been through them all, pandemics, a couple. 47:40.800 --> 47:43.100 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% And in some ways I think it actually, 47:43.100 --> 47:45.233 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% it crystallizes and solidifies 47:45.233 --> 47:49.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the relationship what's important, what's not. 47:50.633 --> 47:52.133 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% And unfortunately for us, 47:52.133 --> 47:57.133 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it's continually shown the commitment 47:58.200 --> 48:00.200 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and the community commitment 48:01.333 --> 48:03.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to the Denver Zoo and what we're doing. 48:05.966 --> 48:09.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% I mean, the inception of Billy Bryant and the bear, 48:09.066 --> 48:10.500 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% it, in the park. 48:12.300 --> 48:16.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The 1950s, it was local community members 48:16.233 --> 48:18.966 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% giving their time and their money 48:18.966 --> 48:21.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% to a vision of the zoo. 48:22.233 --> 48:24.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% All the way up to today, 48:24.600 --> 48:28.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% this is a story about our relationship with the community, 48:28.133 --> 48:29.033 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% with Denver. 48:30.366 --> 48:31.800 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% Will you just look at this. 48:31.800 --> 48:34.433 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Perhaps we took for granted some of this love for, 48:34.433 --> 48:35.700 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% because I swear 48:35.700 --> 48:38.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% like I would never have thought that the gerenuk 48:38.100 --> 48:39.166 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% were gonna 48:39.166 --> 48:41.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% create a traffic jam. (chuckles) 48:41.633 --> 48:42.466 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% (people chattering) 48:42.466 --> 48:43.700 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% In this time of COVID, 48:43.700 --> 48:46.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% you can see people like really wanting, 48:46.033 --> 48:50.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that longing for this relationship is expressed again 48:50.100 --> 48:52.966 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and people clogging up the phone lines and the internet 48:52.966 --> 48:55.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to get their tickets and to come in 48:55.233 --> 48:57.366 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% and then having a traffic jam at the gerenuks, 48:57.366 --> 48:58.233 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55% (chuckles) 48:58.233 --> 48:59.433 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5% like really 48:59.433 --> 49:02.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% expresses the fact that, oh, no this is real, 49:02.333 --> 49:06.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% folks really want to see this and engage this. 49:06.033 --> 49:07.100 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - Conservation is about people 49:07.100 --> 49:09.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% that the goal of conservation 49:09.600 --> 49:11.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% is to save wildlife and wild places 49:11.666 --> 49:13.566 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% but people are going to have to do that. 49:13.566 --> 49:17.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% AZA Zoos, see more people coming through their gates 49:17.266 --> 49:19.433 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% than the NHL, NBA, NFL, 49:19.433 --> 49:21.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% professional sports combined every year. 49:21.533 --> 49:23.966 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% So that's a lot of people coming through our doors 49:23.966 --> 49:26.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and starting to think about wildlife and what they can do. 49:26.666 --> 49:29.566 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% - There may be a future veterinarian in that crowd, right? 49:29.566 --> 49:32.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% There may be a future wildlife biologists in that crowd. 49:34.200 --> 49:35.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Thomas] It's one of the things I really love 49:35.033 --> 49:36.233 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% about the Denver Zoo 49:36.233 --> 49:37.500 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% is how diverse the people who come there 49:37.500 --> 49:39.766 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and the people who work there really are. 49:39.766 --> 49:41.333 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So many people where this is probably 49:41.333 --> 49:43.300 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the only place they're going to get to see 49:43.300 --> 49:45.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% most of these creatures. 49:45.333 --> 49:47.866 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% (indistinct) (people chattering) 49:47.866 --> 49:49.400 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% Supporting your local zoo 49:49.400 --> 49:51.700 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% helps you get people on board with wildlife, saving wildlife 49:51.700 --> 49:53.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and it helps you directly save wildlife. 49:53.333 --> 49:55.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Collectively, it's about $230 million a year 49:55.966 --> 49:59.000 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that AZA Zoos contribute to wildlife conservation, 49:59.000 --> 50:02.100 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and that's huge, there's very few conservation organizations 50:02.100 --> 50:05.166 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% that can actually say that they contribute that much. 50:05.166 --> 50:06.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% (swoosh) And we have people 50:06.633 --> 50:08.566 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% who live and work in different countries around the world 50:08.566 --> 50:10.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% trying to save wildlife. 50:10.033 --> 50:13.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And we can work in Vietnam with Tonkin, snub nose monkeys, 50:13.133 --> 50:17.333 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% we work in Mongolia with scenarios vultures, argali sheep. 50:17.333 --> 50:19.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% We work in Peru with the Lake Titicaca frog 50:19.833 --> 50:21.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and the Lake Junin frog. 50:21.566 --> 50:23.033 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% And then we work in Botswana 50:23.033 --> 50:25.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% primarily focused on African wild dogs, as well as vultures. 50:25.433 --> 50:27.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And we work right here in our backyard. 50:28.833 --> 50:31.700 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - The reality is wildlife populations that are here 50:31.700 --> 50:34.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% are effected by the same people that come and visit the zoo. 50:36.066 --> 50:37.333 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - [Second Female Narrator] For over 100 years, 50:37.333 --> 50:39.166 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% the zoo has aided the restoration 50:39.166 --> 50:41.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and recovery of the American bison. 50:43.233 --> 50:47.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Recently local work has expanded from plane to peak. 50:48.433 --> 50:49.633 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% - We work really across 50:49.633 --> 50:51.400 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% both our great plains and the Rockies 50:51.400 --> 50:53.266 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5% and we focused on a variety of projects 50:53.266 --> 50:54.700 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% from the peaks of the prairies, 50:54.700 --> 50:58.133 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5% that we have citizen science projects with PICA, 50:58.133 --> 50:59.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% we also work on big horn sheep 50:59.666 --> 51:01.766 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and mountain goats at Mount Evans. 51:01.766 --> 51:03.266 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% We work on boreal toad, 51:03.266 --> 51:05.033 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% we do a captive bread and reintroduction program. 51:05.033 --> 51:07.600 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% Boreal toads are state list and endangered species 51:07.600 --> 51:09.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and we read them on-site 51:09.100 --> 51:11.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and then release them into the wild. 51:11.266 --> 51:12.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And then we started this new project 51:12.900 --> 51:15.766 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% with the Navajo Nation to conserve bighorn sheep. 51:15.766 --> 51:17.833 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% (plane engine running) 51:17.833 --> 51:19.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Navajo nation, they're almost extirpated. 51:19.233 --> 51:21.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% So they were down to 34 animals in '97 51:21.966 --> 51:24.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and there was this great conservation success, 51:24.133 --> 51:27.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% they grew to 600 animals by 2016 51:27.133 --> 51:28.666 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and then disease came in 51:28.666 --> 51:32.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and seeing really just dramatic declines 51:32.100 --> 51:34.366 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% in just a few years really. 51:34.366 --> 51:35.866 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% (shoes crackling) What was 51:35.866 --> 51:39.066 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% a great conservation story is now really being threatened. 51:39.066 --> 51:42.300 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% What we really wanna do is bring cutting edge science 51:42.300 --> 51:44.000 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and match it with indigenous knowledge 51:44.000 --> 51:46.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to identify solutions that are gonna protect 51:46.033 --> 51:49.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% both big horn sheep and indigenous pastoralists. 51:49.133 --> 51:50.466 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% So I really think it can be a model 51:50.466 --> 51:52.466 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that we can replicate in different areas. 51:58.900 --> 52:00.100 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - If you think of all the things 52:00.100 --> 52:01.600 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% that the zoo is doing simultaneously, 52:01.600 --> 52:03.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% it's trying to give good lives 52:03.933 --> 52:06.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% to individual captive animals, (tranquil flute music) 52:06.266 --> 52:09.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it's trying to advance conservation projects 52:09.700 --> 52:11.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% with partners around the world, 52:11.333 --> 52:13.500 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% it's trying to provide jobs (background chattering) 52:13.500 --> 52:15.700 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and economic growth for the Denver area, 52:15.700 --> 52:18.266 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% it's trying to provide cultural capital for Denver 52:18.266 --> 52:19.433 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% and surrounding areas. 52:20.533 --> 52:22.800 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% It's trying to expose a variety of 52:22.800 --> 52:26.400 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% Denverites and Coloradans, a really diverse audience. 52:28.000 --> 52:31.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So, all of these I think are useful and important 52:31.233 --> 52:33.833 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and maybe even essential functions in their own right. 52:33.833 --> 52:35.366 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% I think what's open to question is whether 52:35.366 --> 52:37.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% a single zoo is the best place 52:37.000 --> 52:39.466 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% where all of these different functions can be accommodated 52:39.466 --> 52:43.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% thinking beyond the kind of current limitations of the zoo. 52:43.000 --> 52:46.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - I think it's normal that we would have a lively debate 52:46.666 --> 52:49.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% on what's the programmatic intent 52:49.033 --> 52:50.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% of a zoo in a city park 52:50.966 --> 52:55.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and how much zoo should exist in that context. 52:55.633 --> 52:58.666 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% And so our design evolution 52:58.666 --> 53:02.866 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% has to really account for all sides of that equation. 53:04.900 --> 53:08.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And it is a remarkable experience to bring together all 53:08.766 --> 53:12.233 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% of these passionate groups of people 53:12.233 --> 53:15.000 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% to try to build something new 53:15.000 --> 53:17.266 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% that's meaningful and long lasting. 53:18.466 --> 53:20.033 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - We have to continue to be really creative 53:20.033 --> 53:21.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and thinking about how this campus looks, 53:21.900 --> 53:23.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and how we make it the best for the animals 53:23.633 --> 53:24.933 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and the best for the guests. 53:24.933 --> 53:26.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% Resources are always a limiting factor, 53:26.833 --> 53:29.200 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% but we don't have to stop us from thinking big. 53:34.633 --> 53:38.666 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% - Continuous improvement, I think is absolutely 53:38.666 --> 53:40.166 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the legacy of the Denver Zoo, 53:40.166 --> 53:41.600 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% the history of the Denver Zoo 53:41.600 --> 53:43.633 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and the practice of the Denver Zoo. 53:45.100 --> 53:48.066 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% As you look at the history and you think about today, 53:48.066 --> 53:53.066 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% the constant chorus is, why do we exist? 53:53.800 --> 53:55.066 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% How can we be better? 53:55.066 --> 53:58.633 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And how can we fulfill even greater missions? 53:58.633 --> 54:00.900 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And it's consistently been that way. 54:06.033 --> 54:08.266 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% - We live in a world that is increasingly 54:08.266 --> 54:11.766 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% aware of the interconnectivity of humans and animals 54:11.766 --> 54:14.400 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% and zoos certainly fulfill the role 54:14.400 --> 54:16.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of helping us better understand 54:16.200 --> 54:20.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% our relationship to the natural environment. 54:20.033 --> 54:23.333 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% As our climate changes, what are the impacts to animals? 54:23.333 --> 54:27.666 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% And can zoos help us preserve those species 54:27.666 --> 54:30.100 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% so that they are not faced with extinction? 54:30.100 --> 54:32.966 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% - As we have encountered COVID 54:32.966 --> 54:35.533 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% and we've encountered other pandemics, 54:35.533 --> 54:36.766 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75% we've seen the connection, 54:36.766 --> 54:39.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% it's all logical disease transfer 54:39.033 --> 54:42.900 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% coming from animals to humans, it is an alarm bell. 54:42.900 --> 54:44.533 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% Zoos can play a role in that. 54:44.533 --> 54:47.966 align:left position:22.5% line:77% size:67.5% - The critical loss in the actual habitat and actual species 54:47.966 --> 54:49.966 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% means that our mission is more important 54:49.966 --> 54:51.100 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% than it ever has been. 54:52.100 --> 54:53.366 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5% Inspiring communities 54:53.366 --> 54:55.833 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% to save wildlife for future generations. 55:01.133 --> 55:04.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Owning the complexity of a zoo, 55:04.566 --> 55:06.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I think is the biggest challenge 55:06.666 --> 55:10.666 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% and the one that we need to step up to everyday, not easy, 55:10.666 --> 55:12.733 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5% and takes considerable effort, 55:12.733 --> 55:16.266 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% often considerable time, always considerable money. 55:19.400 --> 55:22.566 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65% Fortunately, it's inspiring people, 55:24.933 --> 55:29.933 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5% it's inspiring work, it's meaningful work. 55:36.633 --> 55:39.633 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75% So it's one of the easiest things in the world 55:39.633 --> 55:42.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to get up in the morning and show up for that. 56:03.100 --> 56:05.633 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5% - We think big, and then we figure out how we can do it. 56:05.633 --> 56:10.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% (violin music continues dramatically) 56:12.600 --> 56:16.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (tranquil ambient music)