WEBVTT 00:03.600 --> 00:08.600 align:start position:10% line:74% size:47.5% EMERSON COLLECTIVE. 00:04.333 --> 00:11.600 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% >>> WELL, ABOUT 100 YEARS AGO, 00:06.700 --> 00:13.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% EINSTEIN PREDICTED THE EXISTENCE 00:08.600 --> 00:16.566 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES BUT HE 00:11.600 --> 00:18.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% DOUBTED THEY COULD BE DETECTED. 00:13.933 --> 00:19.600 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% YESTERDAY THE NOBEL PRIZE IN 00:16.566 --> 00:21.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% PHYSICS WENT TO THREE SCIENTISTS 00:18.066 --> 00:23.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:45% WHO DETECTED THEM. 00:19.600 --> 00:25.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% THE THREE HEADED A PROJECT THAT 00:21.666 --> 00:27.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% DISCOVERED THE WAVES IN 2015 IT 00:23.966 --> 00:28.133 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% HAS LITERALLY OPENED UP A NEW 00:25.633 --> 00:30.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% WAY FOR SCIENTISTS TO LOOK AT 00:27.500 --> 00:32.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:32.5% THE UNIVERSE. 00:28.133 --> 00:33.733 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% IT MAY ONE DAY ENABLE US TO LOOK 00:30.500 --> 00:35.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% BACK AT THE MOMENT OF CREATION 00:32.433 --> 00:38.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:52.5% ITSELF, THE BIG BANG. 00:33.733 --> 00:40.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% AND JOINING US NOW IS A LOCAL 00:35.433 --> 00:41.866 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% SCIENTIST WHO EXWOULDED ON THE 00:38.233 --> 00:45.100 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% PROJECT, DANIEL HOLZ IS AN 00:40.400 --> 00:46.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT THE 00:41.866 --> 00:48.100 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDYING 00:45.100 --> 00:49.366 align:start position:10% line:74% size:57.5% ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENON 00:46.066 --> 00:50.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% INCLUDING BLACK HOLES AND DARK 00:48.100 --> 00:51.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:17.5% MATTER. 00:49.366 --> 00:53.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% AND DANIEL HOLZ WELCOME TO 00:50.633 --> 00:54.600 align:start position:10% line:74% size:45% "CHICAGO TONIGHT." 00:51.500 --> 00:56.300 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% YOUR REACTION WHEN THIS PROJECT 00:53.166 --> 00:57.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% AND THREE OF THE KEY PEOPLE 00:54.600 --> 01:00.266 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% INVOLVED WITH THE PROJECT WON 00:56.300 --> 01:02.133 align:start position:10% line:74% size:40% THE NOBEL PRIZE? 00:57.666 --> 01:03.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% >> I MEAN IT WAS I CANNOT SAY I 01:00.266 --> 01:05.466 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% WAS THAT SURPRISED BECAUSE WE 01:02.133 --> 01:06.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% HAD THIS DISCOVERY AND WE HAVE 01:03.700 --> 01:08.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% BEEN EXCITED ABOUT IT AND THE 01:05.466 --> 01:09.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% PHYSICS COMMUNITY HAS BEEN 01:06.400 --> 01:12.300 align:start position:10% line:74% size:42.5% EXCITED ABOUT IT. 01:08.000 --> 01:14.266 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% BUT TO STILL GET THE PRIZE AND 01:09.766 --> 01:14.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% HEAR THAT THE THREE OF THEM WON 01:12.300 --> 01:16.566 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% IT, JUST DELIGHTED THE BEST 01:14.266 --> 01:18.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:12.5% NEWS. 01:14.633 --> 01:18.533 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% >> AND YOU KNOW THE THREE? 01:16.566 --> 01:20.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% YOU HAVE OVERLAPPED AND WORKED 01:18.000 --> 01:21.200 align:start position:10% line:74% size:25% WITH THEM. 01:18.533 --> 01:22.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:47.5% TELL ME ABOUT THEM? 01:20.233 --> 01:24.266 align:start position:10% line:74% size:52.5% >> THEY ARE WONDERFUL 01:21.200 --> 01:26.033 align:start position:10% line:74% size:30% INDIVIDUALS. 01:22.400 --> 01:27.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% I THINK ONE OF THE CASES WHERE 01:24.266 --> 01:29.100 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% IT IS A BIG PROJECT THERE ARE 01:26.033 --> 01:31.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% OVER 1,000 SCIENTISTS INVOLVED 01:27.766 --> 01:32.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% AND YOU CAN IMAGINE WHO IS GOING 01:29.100 --> 01:33.866 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% TO GET THE PRIZE THAT COULD BE 01:31.666 --> 01:37.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:30% CONTENTIOUS. 01:32.066 --> 01:39.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% BUT IT TURNS OUT, I WOULD CLAIM 01:33.866 --> 01:41.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% THESE THREE WERE THE CLEAR THE 01:37.000 --> 01:45.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% RIGHT ONES TO RECEIVE THE PRIZE. 01:39.766 --> 01:46.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% THEY ARE WONDERFUL INDIVIDUALS. 01:41.500 --> 01:48.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% THEY EACH PLAYED PIVOTAL ROLES 01:45.400 --> 01:48.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% AS WE WENT ALONG THE PROJECT 01:46.966 --> 01:50.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% COULD NOT HAVE HAPPENED WITHOUT 01:48.500 --> 01:52.300 align:start position:10% line:74% size:12.5% THEM. 01:48.800 --> 01:53.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% AND THEY ARE JUST GREAT PEOPLE 01:50.500 --> 01:55.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% GREAT SCIENTISTS GREAT PEOPLE. 01:52.300 --> 01:58.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:55% I'M SO HAPPY FOR THEM. 01:53.633 --> 01:59.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% >> AND IN THEIR PUBLIC STATEMENT 01:55.500 --> 02:01.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% THEY ACKNOWLEDGED THE FACT THAT 01:58.666 --> 02:05.266 align:start position:10% line:74% size:60% THIS THEIR WORK INVOLVED 01:59.966 --> 02:08.200 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE AND I IMAGINE 02:01.666 --> 02:10.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% THAT IS SOMETHING THAT THE 02:05.266 --> 02:13.300 align:start position:10% line:74% size:60% ENTIRE TEAM APPRECIATES. 02:08.200 --> 02:14.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:62.5% EXPLAIN IN PLAIN TERMS AS 02:10.633 --> 02:16.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:60% POSSIBLE, EXACTLY WHAT A 02:13.300 --> 02:20.033 align:start position:10% line:74% size:55% GRAVITATIONAL WAVE IS. 02:14.433 --> 02:22.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% >> SO THE WAY I THINK ABOUT IT 02:16.500 --> 02:23.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% IS GRAVITATION AAL WAVES ARE THE 02:20.033 --> 02:24.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% WAY THE UNIVERSE KEEPS TRACK OF 02:22.233 --> 02:27.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:50% WHERE EVERYTHING IS. 02:23.066 --> 02:28.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% WE HAVE GRAVITY AND I HAVE MASS 02:24.833 --> 02:29.266 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% AND A GRAVITATIONAL FORCE SO I'M 02:27.066 --> 02:30.600 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% PULLING ON YOU WITH MY GRAVITY 02:28.633 --> 02:33.333 align:start position:10% line:74% size:25% RIGHT NOW. 02:29.266 --> 02:36.200 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% JUST LIKE THE EARTH IS PULLING 02:30.600 --> 02:37.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% ON US AND KEEPING US DOWN. 02:33.333 --> 02:39.533 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% NOW, IF I GET UP AND MOVE THEN 02:36.200 --> 02:39.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:62.5% I'M PULLING MY GRAVITY IS 02:37.933 --> 02:41.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% PULLING BUT FROM A DIFFERENT 02:39.533 --> 02:43.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% PLACE. 02:39.833 --> 02:45.733 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% IF I GO ACROSS THE ROOM I'M 02:41.933 --> 02:47.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% PULLING YOU THAT WAY INSTEAD. 02:43.666 --> 02:49.900 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% NOW, HOW THIS WORKS IS AS I 02:45.733 --> 02:52.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% MOVE, I CAN NOW GRAVITATIONAL 02:47.833 --> 02:53.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% WAVES AND THE WAVES TELL YOU OH, 02:49.900 --> 02:55.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% I'M MOVED AND AM OVER THERE. 02:52.000 --> 02:57.566 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% AND WHEN I MOVE AROUND, I'M 02:53.933 --> 03:00.566 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% SENDING OUT WAVES EVERYWHERE TO 02:55.500 --> 03:02.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% THE FAR REACHES OF THE UNIVERSE 02:57.566 --> 03:04.900 align:start position:10% line:74% size:60% TO TELL THE MOST DISTANT 03:00.566 --> 03:05.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% GALAXIES I'VE MOVED YOU NEED TO 03:02.433 --> 03:07.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% UPDATE WHERE YOU ARE BEING 03:04.900 --> 03:08.866 align:start position:10% line:74% size:17.5% PULLED. 03:05.233 --> 03:10.733 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% AND IT GOES AT THE SPEED OF 03:07.833 --> 03:12.900 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% LIGHT. 03:08.866 --> 03:13.266 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% >> WHY WAS IT THAT EINSTEIN 03:10.733 --> 03:15.533 align:start position:10% line:74% size:62.5% THOUGHT IT COULD NEVER BE 03:12.900 --> 03:16.466 align:start position:10% line:74% size:22.5% DETECTED? 03:13.266 --> 03:18.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% >> BECAUSE THE EFFECT IS TINY. 03:15.533 --> 03:19.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:27.5% SUPER TINY. 03:16.466 --> 03:20.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% IT'S HARD TO GET ACROSS HOW TINY 03:18.400 --> 03:23.300 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% IT IS. 03:19.233 --> 03:24.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% BUT IT'S THE SORT OF THING WHERE 03:20.800 --> 03:27.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% 20 YEARS AGO, I THINK, VERY 03:23.300 --> 03:28.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% EXPERIENCED PHYSICISTS SAID WE 03:24.833 --> 03:30.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% WILL NEVER BE ABLE TO DETECT 03:27.166 --> 03:33.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:52.5% THIS IT'S IMPOSSIBLE. 03:28.166 --> 03:35.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% THE EQUIVALENT OF NOTICING THAT 03:30.833 --> 03:37.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% THE MIRRORS ARE SHAKING FOUR 03:33.066 --> 03:38.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:62.5% KILOMETRES AWAY BY A TINY 03:35.633 --> 03:41.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:50% FRACTION OF AN ATOM. 03:37.433 --> 03:43.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% IT BLOWS MY MIND THAT WE HAVE 03:38.833 --> 03:45.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:20% DONE IT. 03:41.066 --> 03:54.533 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% >> WE HAVE A VIDEO SIMULATION OF 03:43.966 --> 03:56.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:47.5% WHAT LIGO OBSERVED. 03:45.766 --> 03:57.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:57.5% WHAT ARE WE LOOKING AT? 03:54.533 --> 04:00.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% >> THAT IS TWO BLACK HOLES 03:56.766 --> 04:01.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:50% ORBITING EACH OTHER. 03:57.933 --> 04:03.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% YOU DO NOT USUALLY SEE THE HOLES 04:00.633 --> 04:04.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% BECAUSE THEY ARE BLOCK AND ARE 04:01.633 --> 04:06.300 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% YOU SEEING LIGHT FROM BEHIND 04:03.433 --> 04:08.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:32.5% BEING IMAGED. 04:04.433 --> 04:10.033 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% AND IN THIS VIDEO WHAT YOU ARE 04:06.300 --> 04:12.300 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% SEEING IS THE TWO BLACK HOLES 04:08.633 --> 04:13.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% AND THE COLORS ARE REPRESENTING 04:10.033 --> 04:15.333 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% THE GRAVITATION ALE WAVES BEING 04:12.300 --> 04:17.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:47.5% EMITTED FROM THOSE. 04:13.233 --> 04:19.600 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% >> AND WHY IS THE SCIENTIFIC 04:15.333 --> 04:19.900 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% COMMUNITY SO EXCITED ABOUT THIS 04:17.233 --> 04:21.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% THE NOTION OF GRAVITATIONAL 04:19.600 --> 04:23.133 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% WAVES? 04:19.900 --> 04:26.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:47.5% WHAT MIGHT IT MEAN? 04:21.700 --> 04:28.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% >> YOU ELUDED TO PART OF IT 04:23.133 --> 04:30.866 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% WHICH IS THAT THE GRAVITATIONAL 04:26.800 --> 04:32.200 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% WAVES ARE GIVING US A NEW WAY TO 04:28.633 --> 04:33.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% LEARN ABOUT THE UNIVERSE LIKE 04:30.866 --> 04:35.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% WE'VE DEVELOPED A NUISANCE. 04:32.200 --> 04:39.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% MOST OF WHAT WE'VE LEARN SECOND 04:33.800 --> 04:41.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% BY LOOKING OUT WITH TELESCOPES 04:35.666 --> 04:43.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% AND NOW WE CAN SORT OF HEAR THE 04:39.233 --> 04:44.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:50% UNIVERSE THROUGH THE 04:41.400 --> 04:46.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% GRAVITATIONAL WALE OF WAVES. 04:43.400 --> 04:47.866 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% >> AND THERE IS SOMETHING CALLED 04:44.966 --> 04:51.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% A CHIRP INVOLVED IN THE STUDY. 04:46.433 --> 04:53.333 align:start position:10% line:74% size:45% WHAT IS THE CHIRP? 04:47.866 --> 04:54.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% >> SO THE CHIRP IS IF YOU TAKE 04:51.500 --> 04:56.466 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% THE ACTUAL WAVES AND YOU LOOK AT 04:53.333 --> 05:00.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% WHAT THEY WOULD SOUND LIKE IF 04:54.800 --> 05:01.900 align:start position:10% line:74% size:60% YOU STUCK THEM INTO YOUR 04:56.466 --> 05:04.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% SPEAKERS, THEY MAKE A DISTINCT 05:00.166 --> 05:04.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:50% SOUND IT GOES WHOOP. 05:01.900 --> 05:06.133 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% AND THAT IS WHAT HE WE CALL THE 05:04.633 --> 05:08.900 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% CHIRP. 05:04.933 --> 05:09.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% AND WE LOOK FOR THE CHIRP AND 05:06.133 --> 05:11.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% THAT IS HOW WE KNOW WE'VE FOUND 05:08.900 --> 05:13.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:22.5% THE WAVE. 05:09.766 --> 05:15.100 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% >> AND WE HAVE A RECORDING OF 05:11.500 --> 05:15.100 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:72.5% THE CHIRP AND LET'S LISTEN TO 05:13.400 --> 05:15.100 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:7.5% IT. 05:32.733 --> 05:38.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% I HAVE TO TELL YOU IT'S HARD TO 05:35.733 --> 05:40.866 align:start position:10% line:74% size:17.5% DETECT. 05:36.066 --> 05:42.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% >> FOR ME IT'S CLEAR AS DAY. 05:38.066 --> 05:45.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:57.5% AND WE DO THE WAY WE -- 05:40.866 --> 05:46.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% YOU CAN LISTEN WITH HEADPHONES 05:42.800 --> 05:50.033 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% BUT WE USE SUPER COMPUTERS TO 05:45.166 --> 05:53.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% ANALYZE THE DATA AND WHEN YOU 05:46.666 --> 05:54.900 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% LISTEN TO THAT WITH YOUR SUPER 05:50.033 --> 05:57.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:62.5% COMPUTERS, IT'S JUST THIS 05:53.066 --> 06:00.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% INCREDIBLY CRYSTAL CLEAR SIGNAL. 05:54.900 --> 06:02.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% >> AND THE CHIRP REFLECTS WHAT? 05:57.700 --> 06:05.366 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% >> THE SOUND OF THE FROM THE 06:00.433 --> 06:06.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% GRAVITATIONAL WAVES AS THE BLACK 06:02.833 --> 06:07.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% HOLES GET CLOSER AND CLOSER AND 06:05.366 --> 06:07.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% MERGE. 06:06.166 --> 06:09.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% >> THE CHIRP REPRESENTS THE 06:07.233 --> 06:12.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:35% MERGING POINT? 06:07.933 --> 06:13.533 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% >> RIGHT UP UNTIL THE MERGING 06:09.166 --> 06:15.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% POINT AND THEN IT GOES AWAY WHEN 06:12.633 --> 06:15.566 align:start position:10% line:74% size:22.5% YOU'VE -- 06:13.533 --> 06:17.333 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% >> WHEN THEY HAVE BECOME ONE. 06:15.233 --> 06:18.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:20% EXACTLY. 06:15.566 --> 06:20.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% >> WE HAVE AN ILLUSTRATION THAT 06:17.333 --> 06:21.100 align:start position:10% line:74% size:60% SHOWS THE INSTRUMENT AND 06:18.500 --> 06:23.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% DESCRIBE HOW THE INSTRUMENT 06:20.800 --> 06:27.566 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% WORKS. 06:21.100 --> 06:30.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:57.5% YOU REFERENCED MIRRORS? 06:23.833 --> 06:31.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% >> LIGO IS TWO LONG EMPTY TUBES. 06:27.566 --> 06:34.466 align:start position:10% line:74% size:50% THE TWO TUBES AND -- 06:30.233 --> 06:36.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% >> TWO-AND-A-HALF MILES LONG. 06:31.233 --> 06:38.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% >> AND WHAT WE DO IS WE JUST 06:34.466 --> 06:40.366 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% SHOOT LASER LIGHT DOWN THE TUBES 06:36.766 --> 06:42.200 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% AND THEY ARE SHINEY MIRRORS AT 06:38.633 --> 06:44.733 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% THE END AND THE LIGHT BOUNCES 06:40.366 --> 06:47.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% OFF THE MIRRORS AND COMES BACK. 06:42.200 --> 06:48.600 align:start position:10% line:74% size:55% IT IS A SPECIAL LASER. 06:44.733 --> 06:50.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% SHINEY IS AN UNDERSTATEMENT THEY 06:47.000 --> 06:51.533 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% ARE AMAZING MIRRORS AND THE 06:48.600 --> 06:53.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% LIGHT GOES BACK AND FORTH AND WE 06:50.433 --> 06:56.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:57.5% TIME HOW LONG IT TAKES. 06:51.533 --> 06:57.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% AND IF THE LIGHT GOING DOWN ONE 06:53.800 --> 06:59.266 align:start position:10% line:74% size:62.5% TUBE TAKES LONGER OR GOES 06:56.233 --> 07:00.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% FASTER, IN TERMS OF TIME THEN 06:57.966 --> 07:02.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% THE LIGHT GOING DOWN ANOTHER 06:59.266 --> 07:05.433 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% TUBE AND WE COMPARE THAT AND 07:00.700 --> 07:05.733 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% THEN WE CAN TELL IF A WAVE HAS 07:02.966 --> 07:08.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% COME THROUGH AND STRETCHED THE 07:05.433 --> 07:09.733 align:start position:10% line:74% size:15% TUBES. 07:05.733 --> 07:11.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% >> THE MEASUREMENTS MUST BE 07:08.000 --> 07:12.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% WILDLY ACCURATE IF YOU CAN 07:09.733 --> 07:13.533 align:start position:10% line:74% size:60% MEASURE THE DIFFERENCES? 07:11.666 --> 07:13.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:20% >> YEAH. 07:12.066 --> 07:17.233 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% IT'S HERE IS ANOTHER WAY TO SAY 07:13.533 --> 07:19.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:7.5% IT. 07:13.800 --> 07:20.100 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% THE NUMBER WE USE IS 1.10, 21 07:17.233 --> 07:21.733 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% WHICH TO ME DOES NOT CONVEY 07:19.700 --> 07:23.333 align:start position:10% line:74% size:12.5% MUCH. 07:20.100 --> 07:25.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% SO ONE WAY TO THINK ABOUT IT IS 07:21.733 --> 07:27.133 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% IF YOU THINK OF THE DISTANCE TO 07:23.333 --> 07:28.900 align:start position:10% line:74% size:62.5% THE NEAREST STAR THE NEXT 07:25.766 --> 07:31.333 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% NEAREST STAR AND WENT AT THE 07:27.133 --> 07:32.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% SPEED OF LIME IT WOULD TAKE YOU 07:28.900 --> 07:35.500 align:start position:10% line:74% size:62.5% THREE YEARS TO GET THERE. 07:31.333 --> 07:37.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% AND WE ARE NOTICING THAT THAT 07:32.700 --> 07:38.466 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% STAR IS WIGGLING BY THE WIDTH OF 07:35.500 --> 07:39.166 align:start position:10% line:74% size:32.5% A HUMAN HAIR. 07:37.166 --> 07:41.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:20% >> GOSH. 07:38.466 --> 07:42.566 align:start position:10% line:74% size:40% >> IT'S EXTREME. 07:39.166 --> 07:44.266 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% >> WHAT WAS YOUR ROLE IN THE 07:41.966 --> 07:45.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:32.5% LIGO PROJECT? 07:42.566 --> 07:47.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:62.5% YOU ARE PART OF THE TEAM. 07:44.266 --> 07:50.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% >> I AM PART OF A GROUP, I LEAD 07:45.966 --> 07:55.266 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% A GROUP AT THE VERSE I IT OF 07:47.400 --> 07:57.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% CHICAGO WITH A POST STOCK AND 07:50.633 --> 07:58.933 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% THREE GRADUATE STUDENTS, MAYA, 07:55.266 --> 08:01.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% AND TWO OTHERS AND WHAT WE HAVE 07:57.000 --> 08:03.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% BEEN DOING WE LOOK AT THE DATA 07:58.933 --> 08:03.666 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% THAT COMES OUT OF LIGO AND FRY 08:01.800 --> 08:05.300 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% TO FIGURE OUT WHAT IT'S TELLING 08:03.400 --> 08:07.300 align:start position:10% line:74% size:7.5% US. 08:03.666 --> 08:08.800 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% WE ARE PART OF THE GROUP THAT 08:05.300 --> 08:10.766 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% FIGURED OUT OH, THIS IS FROM TWO 08:07.300 --> 08:12.400 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% BLACK HOLES AND THE PLAQUE HOLES 08:08.800 --> 08:14.333 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% WERE 30 TIMES THE MASS OF THE 08:10.766 --> 08:16.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% SUN AND THIS IS WHERE THEY WERE 08:12.400 --> 08:19.566 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% AND HOW FAR THEY WERE AND THEN 08:14.333 --> 08:23.866 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% WE USE THAT DATA TO LEARN ABOUT 08:16.700 --> 08:27.966 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% THE UNIVERSE ASTROPHYSICS WHERE 08:19.566 --> 08:30.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:47.5% DID THEY COME FROM. 08:23.866 --> 08:32.466 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% >> IS THE GOAL EVENTLY TO GET 08:27.966 --> 08:33.833 align:start position:10% line:74% size:72.5% SOME KIND OF MAJOR CONNECTION 08:30.833 --> 08:35.700 align:start position:10% line:74% size:45% WITH THE BIG BANG? 08:32.466 --> 08:37.566 align:start position:10% line:74% size:77.5% >> ONE OF THE THINGS WE HOPE TO 08:33.833 --> 08:38.866 align:start position:10% line:74% size:75% DO EVENTUALLY IS TO BE ABLE TO 08:35.700 --> 08:41.033 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% DETECT THE WAVES THAT WERE 08:37.566 --> 08:42.366 align:start position:10% line:74% size:65% EMITTED FROM THE BIG BANG. 08:38.866 --> 08:44.066 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% WE ARE A LONG WAY AWAY FROM 08:41.033 --> 08:45.000 align:start position:10% line:74% size:80% DOING THAT BUT THAT WOULD BE ONE 08:42.366 --> 08:46.600 align:start position:10% line:74% size:67.5% OF THE DREAMS OF THE FIELD. 08:44.066 --> 08:48.633 align:start position:10% line:74% size:70% >> DANIEL HOLZ THANK YOU FOR