WEBVTT

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they come in all different colors shapes
and sizes you can have large and small

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sponges shaped as vases or baskets or
even large barrel sponges

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they can be branching can be round they
can be encrusting they can be massive or

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thin so the variability of the body plan
pretty amazing

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many of us have used them to bathe or
clean with and the most famous one is

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spongebob square pants a cartoon
character who entertains children from

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his pineapple in the sea but have you
ever given sponges much thought

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500 million years of evolution indicate
that their true survivors in recent

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years researchers discovered that
sponges are one of the groups of marine

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animals that produced the most bioactive
compounds leading to many medicinal uses

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these include the development of drugs
that treat viral infections other

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infectious diseases and a variety of
cancers there's over 8,500 species of

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sponges that are known to punches are
found in all ocean basins from tropical

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to our tech there's a few freshwater
sponges so they're very widespread many

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tropical sponges can be found on shallow
reefs to deep reefs sponges are animals

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primitive and simple they don't have
true specialized for differentiated

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tissue like the heart or brain or liver
they do have differentiated cells

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depending on the type of class of sponge

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skelton he made other silica or calcium
carbonate so most sponges have a

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silica-based skeleton and these are in
the form of what's called the spicules

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these spicules determine the consistency
or field goal from very soft to very

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broccoli people might learn a little bit
from sponges as to how did they survive

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disturbances changing climates who do
you want to go to you run into trouble

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well it's a group that's been around for
a long period of time and the sponges

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fit that bill what might sponge genomes
tell us about long-term survival what

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other secrets might sponges