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>>NARRATOR: 
  The oceans are a graveyard

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of man's seafaring journeys.

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Today, underwater archaeologists 
  are scanning the sea floor

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for clues to our maritime past.

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>>It's pretty amazing 
  what can be reconstructed

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about people's lives by looking 
  at the few artifacts.

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They look like trinkets 
  to us today,

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but they help illustrate 
  the past in ways

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that we haven't seen before.

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>>NARRATOR: 
  Some explorers are using

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state-of-the-art equipment 
  to survey the bottom

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of the ocean.

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Others rely on skilled divers 
  to map unknown shipwrecks.

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>>You have to have 
  a trained eye.

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You have to look for those 
  odd shapes, those colors

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that don't occur in nature.

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>>Every little piece down there 
  is a piece of a map,

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a piece of a puzzle.

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It's like a detective story 
  when you go down;

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you're getting all these 
  little clues.

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>>NARRATOR: Once retrieved, 
  experts meticulously conserve

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centuries-old artifacts 
  from their watery grave,

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hoping to identify 
  their origins.

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With history preserved 
  in a liquid time capsule,

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what stories will archaeologists 
  uncover?

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Can they piece together the past 
  from tiny clues found today?

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>>   Major funding for this 
  program was provided

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by the Batchelor Foundation,

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encouraging people 
  to preserve and protect

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America's underwater resources.

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And by Divers Direct, 
  inspiring the pursuit

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of tropical adventure 
  scuba diving.

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>>NARRATOR: It's springtime 
  in South Florida,

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and members from

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the National Association 
  of Black Scuba Divers,

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or NABS, are in 
  Biscayne National Park

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for their annual DWP 
  training workshop.

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>>DWP stands 
  for "Diving With a Purpose."

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>>NARRATOR: Divers attend 
  the week-long workshop

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that teaches volunteers 
  some of the basic skills

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of underwater archaeology.

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Ken Stewart is the program's 
  director and co-founder.

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In 2004, he created DWP with 
  Biscayne National Park's

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former archaeologist, 
  Brenda Lazendorf.

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>>She was the only person 
  in the park,

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and that she needed some help.

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>>NARRATOR: 
  Located just south of Miami,

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a majority of the park's 173,000 
  acres is covered by water.

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Within its boundaries,

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there are approximately 75 known 
  submerged archaeological sites.

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>>Anything that humans 
  have modified and left behind

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is potentially... 
  is an archaeological site,

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and potentially a significant 
  one that tells the stor

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of the park that we want 
  to interpret.

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>>NARRATOR: Chuck Lawson is the 
  park's current archaeologist

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and sole member 
  of the cultural resources team

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at Biscayne National Park.

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>>For the most part, 
  I'm not able to mobilize

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the team big enough 
  to do decent documentation

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on the shipwreck sites.

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So DWP was created 
  by my predecessor

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and the members of DWP 
  to help augment the work force

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at Biscayne National Park.

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Biscayne National Park 
  has been working

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directly with DWP annually 
  for eight years.

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>>We start out the first day 
  with just kind of an overview

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of archaeology artifacts 
  and basic principles

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of underwater archaeology 
  in general.

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And that afternoon, 
  we do a mock wreck site.

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>>Swim to the other end.

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I'm going to come 
  straight through here.

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>>We actually teach things 
  that you will actually do

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in the water.

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>>We always have to make sure 
  we have it taut.

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>>That's correct.

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>>So the first day 
  is very intense, very long.

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>>NARRATOR: The next morning, 
  the DWP-ers load up

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and head to Ledbury Reef, 
  an unidentified shipwreck

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that Chuck has selected 
  for their training site.

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>>The biggest part 
  of this training

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is actually diving 
  on these wreck sites.

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Most shipwrecks 
  are scattered debris fields.

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>>NARRATOR: To an untrained 
  eye, historical shipwrecks

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are often difficult to spot.

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Years of exposure can destroy 
  a ship's structure,

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and, with time, the remains 
  are buried in sand

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or are overgrown with coral,

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making the archaeological 
  research more challenging.

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>>When a ship first wrecks, 
  there are a number

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of environmental factors 
  that act upon

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their rapid deterioration.

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However, eventually, what's left 
  of the archaeological site

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comes to equilibrium 
  with the environment,

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and, at that point in time, 
  they may stay stable

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for hundreds of years.

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We're an agency with a mission 
  to preserve and protect.

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We want to protect these sites 
  in situ.

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Like I said, they are not 
  at risk of deterioration

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unless they are manipulated, 
  and it is only done after

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a lot of consideration on what 
  the value in the research is.

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>>The first day we get 
  in the water

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we do what we call 
  like a reconnaissance dive

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or just kind of get an overview 
  of the size of the shipwreck.

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So we'll run a baseline, 
  which is just basically a rope

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from one end to the other, 
  and we try to run it down

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the middle of where 
  all this debris field is.

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And we would split the wreck 
  site up into four quadrants,

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and we would actually 
  assign teams to each one

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of those quadrants.

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We have DWP-- Diving 
  with a Purpose-- instructors

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with each team that would 
  be leading and teaching

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those students.

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We actually place what we call 
  "pin clips" along the baseline.

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The pin clips are in increments 
  of feet, like ten feet, 20 feet,

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30 feet, 40 feet.

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>>NARRATOR: Once the baseline 
  and quadrants have been set up,

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the volunteers search 
  the wreck site for objects

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that might be 
  of historical significance.

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>>We have what we call 
  "pin flags" that we place

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around a wreck, 
  and we place those pin flags

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to areas of interest.

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It could be artifacts 
  or pieces of the wreck.

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We have to know where 
  those artifacts are in relation

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to the wreck, to the baseline.

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So we take what are called 
  trilateration measurements.

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Basically, you measure 
  the distance from that pin flag

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where that artifact is located 
  to a baseline clip;

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you'll do two measurements,

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and that will actually 
  triangulate

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and tell you exactly where 
  that particular artifact is.

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>>NARRATOR: 
  After measurements are taken,

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divers begin their "in situ" 
  or underwater drawings

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of the objects they flagged.

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These drawings will later be 
  transferred to a large site map

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that illustrates the layout 
  of the wreck site.

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After two days of diving, 
  the volunteers return

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to the classroom.

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They discuss their findings...

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>>It clearly appeared 
  to be a joint, double-ended,

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and it was made of metal.

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>>NARRATOR: 
  ...refine their drawings

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and begin work on the site map,

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which depicts 
  the entire wreck site.

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>>They're learning how 
  to put the flag pin-points

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on the map using the compass.

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That's the old fashioned way; 
  of course, I use the computer,

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so they can see how mapping 
  is done.

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>>We used to do little sketches 
  on the site map, too,

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but Gayle Patrick, 
  who's been working with us,

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she's an architect, 
  and she has been able

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to take those student drawings, 
  scan them using a CAD tool,

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a computer aided design tool, 
  actually put those

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in situ drawings 
  on the maps themselves, too.

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>>NARRATOR: The volunteers 
  continue diving and working

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in the classroom 
  for several days

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until the site map is complete.

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The finished map 
  is a valuable resource

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for park officials who can use 
  it as a reference tool

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for management decisions.

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>>The first year, 
  it was just three of us

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that finished the program.

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And I would say by the end 
  of this year,

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we'll have trained almost 
  80 advocates

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in underwater archaeology 
  in eight years.

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>>NARRATOR: 
  Dinizulu Gene Tinnie

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is a Miami artist whose 
  creations are influenced

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by the Middle Passage.

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>>The Middle Passage 
  is the name that was given

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to the Atlantic, 
  the transatlantic slave trade.

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Trade goods from Europe 
  were taken to Africa,

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traded for people.

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The people were then transported 
  across the ocean

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from the west coast of Africa 
  to the Americas.

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And in the Americas, 
  they were sold

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and the ships were then loaded 
  with the products

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of slave labor-- cotton, sugar, 
  tobacco, indigo, rice, coffee,

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so forth-- and then taken back 
  to Europe.

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>>NARRATOR: Few artifacts 
  from this brutal chapter

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in the history 
  of the New World remain.

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In Key West, Florida,

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the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage 
  Society and Museum

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displays a rare collection 
  of items recovered

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from a slave ship called 
  the "Henrietta Marie."

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>>Probably the signature 
  artifact from

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the "Henrietta Marie" 
  are the shackles.

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There are also a lot 
  of trade goods;

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things like iron bars...

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glass beads...

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and pewter.

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It was the first slave ship 
  that really gives us a snapshot

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of what the slave trade 
  was like,

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how it was organized and how 
  a slave ship functioned.

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>>NARRATOR: 
  First discovered in 1972

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in the waters off Key West, 
  the "Henrietta Marie"

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was finally identified 
  nearly ten years later

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when divers uncovered 
  the ship's bell.

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In 1993, 
  the National Association

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of Black Scuba Divers laid 
  a plaque in sanctuary waters

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to honor those captives 
  who were brutally transported

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aboard the "Henrietta Marie."

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And the "Henrietta Marie" 
  wasn't the only slave ship

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which sunk in Florida waters.

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More than 100 years later, 
  the "Guerrero" was sailing

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for Cuba with more than 
  500 captive Africans on board.

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>>When we look 
  at the "Henrietta Marie"

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sailing in 1700, 
  the slave trade was legal

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and it was an accepted business.

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When we look at a ship 
  like "Guerrero,"

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that vessel is operating

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in entirely different 
  circumstances.

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>>NARRATOR: 
  While slavery was still legal

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00:12:22,875 --> 00:12:25,478
in the New World, 
  several countries,

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including the United States, 
  Great Britain and Spain,

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banned the transatlantic 
  transportation and sale

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00:12:31,684 --> 00:12:35,188
of slaves by the early 1800s.

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However, demand for free labor 
  was still high

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on Cuba's plantations, 
  and the now illegal slave trade

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from Africa continued 
  on pirate ships.

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At the time, the British Navy 
  patrolled the waters

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for pirates.

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One evening in 1827, 
  the British warship "Nimble"

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spotted the "Guerrero"

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and chased it towards 
  Florida's coast.

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>>The "Nimble" started 
  chasing them.

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They were going 
  at a pretty good clip.

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A gun battle broke out.

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In the excitement, 
  they weren't paying attention

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to where they were.

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They both slammed headlong 
  into the reef.

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The "Guerrero," her bottom 
  was torn out;

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her sails both flew forward 
  and was finished;

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never moved again.

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>>NARRATOR: 
  41 of the captured Africans

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perished when the ship 
  went aground.

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>>The "Nimble" threw over 
  iron ballast ingots,

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threw over cannon shot 
  just to lighten their load

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and be able to float 
  off the reef.

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>>NARRATOR: 
  However, according to reports,

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the "Nimble's" anchor line 
  parted, drifting them back

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onto the reef.

241
00:13:43,690 --> 00:13:46,993
The next morning, salvage crews 
  known as wreckers

242
00:13:46,993 --> 00:13:50,063
towed the British ship 
  off the reef and provided aid

243
00:13:50,063 --> 00:13:53,166
to survivors aboard 
  the "Guerrero."

244
00:13:53,166 --> 00:13:57,770
>>That evening, the pirates who 
  were on a couple of the wreckers

245
00:13:57,770 --> 00:14:02,975
rose up and wound up hijacking 
  the wreckers and getting to Cuba

246
00:14:02,975 --> 00:14:06,446
anyway with 400 
  of the African people.

247
00:14:06,446 --> 00:14:07,847
>>NARRATOR: 
  The hijacked wreckers

248
00:14:07,847 --> 00:14:11,117
were eventually released 
  and returned to Florida.

249
00:14:11,117 --> 00:14:15,288
121 of the rescued slaves 
  aboard a separate wrecker

250
00:14:15,288 --> 00:14:17,557
were brought to Key West.

251
00:14:17,557 --> 00:14:19,892
>>They were going 
  to be liberated at some point

252
00:14:19,892 --> 00:14:22,495
from their intended slavery.

253
00:14:22,495 --> 00:14:24,530
That was the U.S. law.

254
00:14:24,530 --> 00:14:26,866
>>NARRATOR: Years later, 
  some of the rescued captives

255
00:14:26,866 --> 00:14:28,968
returned to Africa.

256
00:14:32,138 --> 00:14:33,840
>>It should be dead ahead.

257
00:14:33,840 --> 00:14:35,308
>>NARRATOR: 
  Today, archaeologists

258
00:14:35,308 --> 00:14:37,276
from the Mel Fisher 
  Maritime Museum

259
00:14:37,276 --> 00:14:40,046
and the Florida Keys 
  National Marine Sanctuar

260
00:14:40,046 --> 00:14:41,681
are trying to identif

261
00:14:41,681 --> 00:14:46,619
the "Guerrero's" final resting 
  place.

262
00:14:46,619 --> 00:14:50,623
Luckily for researchers, 
  the "Nimble's" captain

263
00:14:50,623 --> 00:14:53,393
took notes of their 
  watery location,

264
00:14:53,393 --> 00:14:57,530
which was near modern-day 
  Key Largo.

265
00:14:57,530 --> 00:14:59,732
>>He took a bearing 
  from what was called

266
00:14:59,732 --> 00:15:03,202
"Black Sarah's Creek," 
  and he took another bearing

267
00:15:03,202 --> 00:15:06,572
from the "Carysfort" lightship.

268
00:15:06,572 --> 00:15:08,574
>>NARRATOR: With the help 
  of archival records,

269
00:15:08,574 --> 00:15:10,543
researchers think they 
  have located

270
00:15:10,543 --> 00:15:13,880
what used to be called 
  "Black Sarah's Creek,"

271
00:15:13,880 --> 00:15:17,150
and from there have pinpointed 
  potential wreck sites

272
00:15:17,150 --> 00:15:19,752
using a magnetometer.

273
00:15:19,752 --> 00:15:23,189
>>The magnetometer is a device 
  that we use that measures

274
00:15:23,189 --> 00:15:27,360
variations in the earth's 
  magnetic field caused by iron,

275
00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:30,129
and that iron is either 
  a shipwreck or cannons

276
00:15:30,129 --> 00:15:32,799
or anchors or something 
  like that.

277
00:15:32,799 --> 00:15:37,003
We found four shipwrecks, 
  but one in particular

278
00:15:37,003 --> 00:15:42,442
was pretty interesting.

279
00:15:42,442 --> 00:15:44,710
>>NARRATOR: During one of the 
  magnetometer surveys,

280
00:15:44,710 --> 00:15:47,880
experts discovered 
  a large anchor.

281
00:15:47,880 --> 00:15:50,750
>>It matches exactly the sort 
  of anchor that "Nimble"

282
00:15:50,750 --> 00:15:52,084
would have carried.

283
00:15:52,084 --> 00:15:54,720
It's the right size, 
  it's the right date.

284
00:15:54,720 --> 00:15:57,356
Doesn't have a name on it 
  that we can see,

285
00:15:57,356 --> 00:16:00,026
but it matches everything.

286
00:16:00,026 --> 00:16:03,529
>>NARRATOR: While they can't 
  say for certain that the anchor

287
00:16:03,529 --> 00:16:07,366
belonged to the "Nimble," 
  researchers think it's likely,

288
00:16:07,366 --> 00:16:10,536
and they have started studying 
  a nearby site they believe

289
00:16:10,536 --> 00:16:12,972
might be the "Guerrero."

290
00:16:12,972 --> 00:16:16,843
They are joined in their efforts 
  by the DWP volunteers,

291
00:16:16,843 --> 00:16:19,011
who have been involved 
  in the search for the "Guerrero"

292
00:16:19,011 --> 00:16:21,547
since 2010.

293
00:16:21,547 --> 00:16:23,282
>>This particular wreck 
  is different from all the rest

294
00:16:23,282 --> 00:16:25,084
of them because there 
  were slaves on this one

295
00:16:25,084 --> 00:16:26,419
when it went down; 
  there weren't any slaves

296
00:16:26,419 --> 00:16:30,056
on the "Henrietta Marie" 
  when it went down.

297
00:16:30,056 --> 00:16:33,059
>>For a lot of people, 
  it was about being where

298
00:16:33,059 --> 00:16:37,430
their ancestors lay and 
  just being a part of history.

299
00:16:37,430 --> 00:16:39,665
>>You know, it's the 
  little clues that are making

300
00:16:39,665 --> 00:16:43,269
a difference on this wreck-- 
  the single fragment of pottery,

301
00:16:43,269 --> 00:16:47,974
or the single bottleneck, 
  or the single piece of metal.

302
00:16:47,974 --> 00:16:50,610
>>You know, people have this 
  cartoon notion of shipwrecks,

303
00:16:50,610 --> 00:16:52,712
and they think that, 
  you know, we dive down

304
00:16:52,712 --> 00:16:54,547
and there's a ship 
  sitting there.

305
00:16:54,547 --> 00:16:56,682
And there are skeletons 
  laying on the deck

306
00:16:56,682 --> 00:16:58,784
and tattered sails and, 
  you know, maybe a shark

307
00:16:58,784 --> 00:17:00,820
swimming in and out of the hull.

308
00:17:00,820 --> 00:17:02,355
That's for aquariums, you know.

309
00:17:02,355 --> 00:17:04,390
That's not real life.

310
00:17:04,390 --> 00:17:06,859
We're left with basically 
  the hard things--

311
00:17:06,859 --> 00:17:09,962
the ballast stones, 
  the iron fasteners,

312
00:17:09,962 --> 00:17:15,868
the fittings, copper nails, 
  pottery, the glass--

313
00:17:15,868 --> 00:17:18,704
the things that the critters 
  can't eat.

314
00:17:18,704 --> 00:17:21,207
One of the things that we know 
  about the "Guerrero" is that

315
00:17:21,207 --> 00:17:23,843
its hull was sheathed 
  with copper.

316
00:17:23,843 --> 00:17:27,480
We found pieces of copper 
  sheeting crumpled and rolled up.

317
00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:31,150
Copper corrodes in a very 
  distinctive, greenish way.

318
00:17:31,150 --> 00:17:32,552
>>NARRATOR: 
  This site is located

319
00:17:32,552 --> 00:17:35,087
in the Florida Keys National 
  Marine Sanctuary,

320
00:17:35,087 --> 00:17:37,990
which aims to safeguard 
  the maritime histor

321
00:17:37,990 --> 00:17:40,226
found in its waters.

322
00:17:40,226 --> 00:17:42,828
>>In the Florida Keys, 
  shipwrecks are protected.

323
00:17:42,828 --> 00:17:47,500
We want to have our next 
  generations protect and promote

324
00:17:47,500 --> 00:17:50,603
the stories that lie within 
  and around these ships

325
00:17:50,603 --> 00:17:53,506
that came into the coast.

326
00:17:53,506 --> 00:17:57,243
>>NARRATOR: By law, artifacts 
  can't be brought to the surface

327
00:17:57,243 --> 00:17:59,579
without special permits.

328
00:17:59,579 --> 00:18:03,282
At times, permission is given 
  to researchers to remove items

329
00:18:03,282 --> 00:18:07,420
for further study 
  and conservation.

330
00:18:07,420 --> 00:18:10,756
During the 2010 expedition, 
  select items from

331
00:18:10,756 --> 00:18:13,225
the wreck sites were brought 
  to the conservation lab

332
00:18:13,225 --> 00:18:16,362
at the Mel Fisher Museum.

333
00:18:16,362 --> 00:18:18,297
>>What may have been a dish,

334
00:18:18,297 --> 00:18:21,500
you know, a full-sized dinner 
  plate is now a fragment

335
00:18:21,500 --> 00:18:24,770
of a full-sized dinner plate.

336
00:18:24,770 --> 00:18:28,874
Because this has a scalloped 
  edge like this,

337
00:18:28,874 --> 00:18:32,078
this sort of rough undulating 
  edge that was a style

338
00:18:32,078 --> 00:18:37,049
that reached its peak popularity 
  in the 1820s,

339
00:18:37,049 --> 00:18:39,852
so that matches very closely 
  with what we're looking for

340
00:18:39,852 --> 00:18:41,320
in the wrecks.

341
00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:44,790
Another piece that we recovered 
  from the site

342
00:18:44,790 --> 00:18:51,163
is a glass bottleneck; 
  it's from a very large glass jar

343
00:18:51,163 --> 00:18:53,699
called a "demijohn."

344
00:18:53,699 --> 00:18:56,602
It was just completely covered 
  with coral and algae,

345
00:18:56,602 --> 00:18:59,972
so, to get it to this state 
  required a fair amount of work

346
00:18:59,972 --> 00:19:02,408
using a sharp blade

347
00:19:02,408 --> 00:19:05,044
and just sort of prying it off 
  of there.

348
00:19:05,044 --> 00:19:07,179
We can't date it as precisel

349
00:19:07,179 --> 00:19:10,616
as we can this blue and white 
  ceramic, but, nonetheless,

350
00:19:10,616 --> 00:19:13,986
it's pretty easy to imagine 
  a big bottle of rum

351
00:19:13,986 --> 00:19:18,024
onboard a pirate ship.

352
00:19:18,024 --> 00:19:21,060
>>NARRATOR: Special care needs 
  to be taken with each item

353
00:19:21,060 --> 00:19:25,931
to keep it from deteriorating 
  after it has left the water.

354
00:19:25,931 --> 00:19:30,102
>>Every material type has 
  its own conservation needs,

355
00:19:30,102 --> 00:19:34,640
so there's no one-size-fits-all 
  treatment in the laboratory.

356
00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:37,576
With a metal object, we use 
  what's called an "air scribe,"

357
00:19:37,576 --> 00:19:40,079
and it's like this 
  little air-driven chisel

358
00:19:40,079 --> 00:19:44,450
that just chips the encrustation 
  off a little bit at a time.

359
00:19:44,450 --> 00:19:47,586
Once that's done, 
  it goes into a tank

360
00:19:47,586 --> 00:19:50,022
that has this 
  electrochemical process.

361
00:19:50,022 --> 00:19:51,891
We call it 
  "electrolytic reduction,"

362
00:19:51,891 --> 00:19:54,860
and really all it is doing 
  is forcing the salt

363
00:19:54,860 --> 00:19:57,730
out of the metal, 
  because if we left them in,

364
00:19:57,730 --> 00:20:01,000
the combination of the salt, 
  the oxygen and the metal

365
00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:04,036
would just corrode the piece 
  to the point that

366
00:20:04,036 --> 00:20:05,938
it was totally destroyed.

367
00:20:09,942 --> 00:20:12,645
Right now, we have a shipwreck 
  that we know is

368
00:20:12,645 --> 00:20:15,648
from the early part 
  of the 1800s.

369
00:20:15,648 --> 00:20:18,884
It matches everything that 
  we know about the "Guerrero,"

370
00:20:18,884 --> 00:20:22,621
but we don't have 
  the smoking gun yet.

371
00:20:22,621 --> 00:20:25,024
We are looking for that 
  one thing that will just cement

372
00:20:25,024 --> 00:20:27,393
the case for us and 
  we go from thinking

373
00:20:27,393 --> 00:20:29,929
it's the "Guerrero" to knowing 
  it's the "Guerrero."

374
00:20:35,401 --> 00:20:37,002
>>NARRATOR: 
  Maritime archaeolog

375
00:20:37,002 --> 00:20:39,438
is conducted 
  in many different ways.

376
00:20:39,438 --> 00:20:42,541
In shallow water, 
  divers can study a site;

377
00:20:42,541 --> 00:20:46,145
but in deep water, 
  experts use high-tech tools

378
00:20:46,145 --> 00:20:49,048
to survey the sea floor.

379
00:20:49,048 --> 00:20:51,751
Ian Koblick and his team 
  from the Aurora Trust

380
00:20:51,751 --> 00:20:54,920
map the ocean bottom 
  with a side-scan sonar

381
00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:59,024
they like to call "The Fish."

382
00:20:59,024 --> 00:21:05,297
>>We let out enough two cable 
  so the Fish is 15 feet or so

383
00:21:05,297 --> 00:21:08,434
off the seafloor, 
  and it emits sound signals

384
00:21:08,434 --> 00:21:11,837
out either side of the Fish.

385
00:21:11,837 --> 00:21:15,040
And those sound signals 
  reflect off of objects

386
00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:18,010
on the seafloor 
  back to the Fish,

387
00:21:18,010 --> 00:21:21,280
and they register as a target 
  on our instruments

388
00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:23,015
here on the boat.

389
00:21:23,015 --> 00:21:25,684
>>When you emit that sound, 
  it's called a "ping,"

390
00:21:25,684 --> 00:21:29,922
and every ping that comes back 
  you can display it across.

391
00:21:29,922 --> 00:21:31,924
It's like scan lines 
  on a TV;

392
00:21:31,924 --> 00:21:34,827
it all laces together 
  and makes an image.

393
00:21:34,827 --> 00:21:38,631
>>Aurora, we started out 
  doing archaeological work

394
00:21:38,631 --> 00:21:42,301
in the Mediterranean, 
  finding shipwrecks.

395
00:21:42,301 --> 00:21:46,005
And then we set up 
  an educational program

396
00:21:46,005 --> 00:21:48,007
to teach kids 
  about the importance

397
00:21:48,007 --> 00:21:52,044
of the ocean 
  through marine archaeology.

398
00:21:52,044 --> 00:21:54,013
>>NARRATOR: The Aurora Trust, 
  which specializes

399
00:21:54,013 --> 00:21:56,682
in underwater exploration, 
  is also working

400
00:21:56,682 --> 00:22:00,619
in the Florida Keys 
  National Marine Sanctuary.

401
00:22:00,619 --> 00:22:04,323
>>We're making a map 
  of the bottom of the ocean

402
00:22:04,323 --> 00:22:09,061
that shows corals, 
  geological features

403
00:22:09,061 --> 00:22:12,765
and historical, cultural 
  features like shipwrecks.

404
00:22:12,765 --> 00:22:15,201
>>NARRATOR: 
  Using a low-frequency signal,

405
00:22:15,201 --> 00:22:19,038
analysts can see up to 500 feet 
  out from either side

406
00:22:19,038 --> 00:22:20,773
of the Fish.

407
00:22:20,773 --> 00:22:23,542
>>Generally, we can see 
  the difference between geolog

408
00:22:23,542 --> 00:22:27,179
and something manmade 
  with the high-frequency.

409
00:22:27,179 --> 00:22:31,116
This is a big coral reef 
  that's coming out right now.

410
00:22:31,116 --> 00:22:34,086
You know, we've got sand 
  over here and a coral patch

411
00:22:34,086 --> 00:22:36,255
right here, and there's 
  a big coral reef here,

412
00:22:36,255 --> 00:22:40,626
so we're coming into 
  a strong reef area.

413
00:22:40,626 --> 00:22:45,397
These are sand ripples 
  over in here.

414
00:22:45,397 --> 00:22:49,835
>>Today's technology allows us 
  to go down with ROVs

415
00:22:49,835 --> 00:22:53,706
and everything is electronic so 
  that you get a complete picture

416
00:22:53,706 --> 00:22:58,510
of what's on the bottom.

417
00:22:58,510 --> 00:23:01,947
>>NARRATOR: An ROV, or remotely 
  operated vehicle,

418
00:23:01,947 --> 00:23:05,651
allows technicians to get 
  a closer and clearer view

419
00:23:05,651 --> 00:23:08,420
of objects that 
  are hard to reach.

420
00:23:08,420 --> 00:23:10,389
>>It's a little robot 
  at the end of the cable

421
00:23:10,389 --> 00:23:15,094
that swims around and is guided 
  by an operator in the boat.

422
00:23:15,094 --> 00:23:18,397
>>Yeah, it looks like I have 
  the bow of the wreck in sight.

423
00:23:18,397 --> 00:23:21,333
>>NARRATOR: To demonstrate 
  its abilities, Chris Olstad,

424
00:23:21,333 --> 00:23:23,168
an underwater technician

425
00:23:23,168 --> 00:23:26,038
for the Marine Resources 
  Development Foundation,

426
00:23:26,038 --> 00:23:29,408
deploys the ROV 
  on the Benwood Wreck,

427
00:23:29,408 --> 00:23:31,543
a well-known dive site 
  in the Keys.

428
00:23:36,582 --> 00:23:39,585
>>You have a thruster control, 
  and when you push the joystick,

429
00:23:39,585 --> 00:23:41,987
the vehicle goes, essentially.

430
00:23:41,987 --> 00:23:45,891
For vertical, you can tilt 
  the camera up and down.

431
00:23:45,891 --> 00:23:48,827
You've got a focus adjustment, 
  you've got lights here

432
00:23:48,827 --> 00:23:52,498
for night or diving in caves, 
  maybe inside the wreck.

433
00:23:52,498 --> 00:23:54,767
We have an option 
  for a manipulator

434
00:23:54,767 --> 00:23:57,403
to grab something 
  at depth, bring it back,

435
00:23:57,403 --> 00:23:59,571
and I've also got 
  a recorder here

436
00:23:59,571 --> 00:24:02,908
so I can record the video that 
  you are seeing on the monitor.

437
00:24:02,908 --> 00:24:05,411
This particular unit 
  I have right now,

438
00:24:05,411 --> 00:24:07,513
it goes down to 500 feet.

439
00:24:07,513 --> 00:24:10,916
Another model, the same size, 
  it goes down to 1,000 feet.

440
00:24:15,020 --> 00:24:16,855
>>NARRATOR: 
  Although remote sensing tools

441
00:24:16,855 --> 00:24:20,025
can provide incredible access 
  to underwater sites,

442
00:24:20,025 --> 00:24:21,860
surveying the ocean bottom

443
00:24:21,860 --> 00:24:26,832
is tedious 
  and time-consuming work.

444
00:24:26,832 --> 00:24:29,368
>>We have only begun.

445
00:24:29,368 --> 00:24:32,538
We're able to cover about 
  a half a square mile a day;

446
00:24:32,538 --> 00:24:37,743
we've been out about ten days, 
  so we have a long ways to go.

447
00:24:37,743 --> 00:24:41,413
>>This is a great opportunity 
  to continue on with something

448
00:24:41,413 --> 00:24:44,283
that I think makes 
  a contribution to societ

449
00:24:44,283 --> 00:24:49,421
and to history, 
  and I love to do it anyway.

450
00:24:49,421 --> 00:24:53,859
>>Shipwrecks and maritime 
  archaeology, I think,

451
00:24:53,859 --> 00:25:00,099
brings history to life in a way 
  that people can't imagine.

452
00:25:00,099 --> 00:25:02,534
>>There's a story 
  behind each ship;

453
00:25:02,534 --> 00:25:05,404
some of them, it tells where 
  they were coming from

454
00:25:05,404 --> 00:25:07,473
and what they were carrying.

455
00:25:07,473 --> 00:25:10,409
The remains of these ships 
  are a vital part

456
00:25:10,409 --> 00:25:15,247
of the Keys history.

457
00:25:15,247 --> 00:25:18,517
>>You know, we can read about 
  the slave trade all we want,

458
00:25:18,517 --> 00:25:21,520
but when you have something 
  that you know was onboard

459
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:24,957
a slave ship or was held 
  in a pirate's hands,

460
00:25:24,957 --> 00:25:31,296
that is powerful, and it 
  makes it that much more real.

461
00:25:31,296 --> 00:25:33,432
>>NARRATOR: 
  With countless artifacts strewn

462
00:25:33,432 --> 00:25:36,802
across the oceans, 
  researchers will continue

463
00:25:36,802 --> 00:25:42,107
to scour the sea floor in hopes 
  of uncovering and confirming

464
00:25:42,107 --> 00:25:44,176
stories of our past.

465
00:26:20,879 --> 00:26:23,582
>>   Major funding for this 
  program was provided

466
00:26:23,582 --> 00:26:25,851
by the Batchelor Foundation,

467
00:26:25,851 --> 00:26:28,854
encouraging people 
  to preserve and protect

468
00:26:28,854 --> 00:26:33,859
America's underwater resources.

469
00:26:33,859 --> 00:26:38,130
And by Divers Direct, 
  inspiring the pursuit

470
00:26:38,130 --> 00:26:42,130
of tropical adventure 
  scuba diving.