WEBVTT 00:00.900 --> 00:02.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - Howdy, I'm John Hart Asher. 00:02.233 --> 00:04.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% This week on Central Texas Gardener, 00:04.466 --> 00:07.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% we'll take a look at the invasive species dilemma. 00:07.633 --> 00:09.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Matt Turner explores the questions 00:09.533 --> 00:13.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% from his book with Robin Doughty, "Unnatural Texas?" 00:13.133 --> 00:15.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% On tour, Jennifer Edwards restored a weedy lot 00:15.800 --> 00:18.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% into artistic settings, wildlife habitat, 00:18.700 --> 00:20.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and a backyard orchard. 00:20.300 --> 00:22.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Daphne answers your questions 00:22.200 --> 00:24.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and Molly Pikarsky has your backyard basics tip. 00:24.900 --> 00:28.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So, let's get growing, right here, right now! 00:28.600 --> 00:30.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [Announcer] Central Texas Gardener is made possible 00:30.333 --> 00:32.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% by generous support from Lisa & Desi Rhoden. 00:32.866 --> 00:34.033 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Thank you. 00:34.033 --> 00:36.566 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (upbeat music) 00:48.700 --> 00:50.800 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - Jennifer Edwards is an artist at heart. 00:50.800 --> 00:52.666 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% When she bought her home in South Austin, 00:52.666 --> 00:55.800 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% she stepped up its persona with creative accents 00:55.800 --> 00:59.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% among plants for wildlife and a backyard orchard. 00:59.066 --> 01:02.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - My friends would say that I'm not a minimalist. 01:02.200 --> 01:05.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I'm an artist at heart, so I'm always creating. 01:05.233 --> 01:06.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Woman] So, when Jennifer Edwards bought 01:06.733 --> 01:09.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% her south Austin house, she stepped up its garden persona. 01:09.733 --> 01:14.066 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% - My front garden originally was dead grass, dead tree, 01:14.066 --> 01:17.233 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% broken cement sidewalk straight out the door, 01:17.233 --> 01:20.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% so the only time that I ever really invested money 01:20.733 --> 01:23.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in having someone else do something was bringing in 01:23.633 --> 01:26.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% a crew to jackhammer out the cement 01:26.833 --> 01:29.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and kind of lay me out the flagstones. 01:29.033 --> 01:30.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I had the flagstones installed, 01:30.466 --> 01:32.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and then I just kind of and digging the hole 01:32.700 --> 01:34.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% for the stock tank. 01:34.200 --> 01:36.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And then, slowly, over time, I've just built it up myself. 01:36.866 --> 01:39.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The crews built up the stone wall, so originally, 01:39.100 --> 01:41.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% along with dead grass and the dead tree, 01:41.300 --> 01:45.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the whole front area by the house was bricked 01:45.466 --> 01:47.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% in red brick pavers. 01:49.366 --> 01:54.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It was a major flood problem because that's the lowest part 01:54.133 --> 01:56.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% in my yard, and it's lower than the street, 01:56.466 --> 01:59.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% so water would run and pool right there. 02:01.033 --> 02:03.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% We pulled all of that out, put the stone up 02:03.400 --> 02:06.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% just to match it, but then put in a French drain and gravel 02:06.566 --> 02:08.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% so that it diverts the water around 02:08.533 --> 02:09.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to the plants where they need it. 02:09.900 --> 02:13.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The round cement stones, my friend Steve made. 02:13.166 --> 02:16.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% He had molds, so two cement halves and glue them together. 02:16.800 --> 02:18.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It just looks pretty when it's raining 02:18.266 --> 02:19.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% because it kind of slows the water down. 02:19.966 --> 02:22.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I don't have gutters, so the water comes pouring down, 02:22.700 --> 02:25.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% hits those stones, and softens it a little bit, 02:25.533 --> 02:27.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% keeps this gravel from washing away. 02:27.866 --> 02:30.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Rain chain on the other side, but there's my little pyramid 02:30.933 --> 02:33.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of stones there to slow the water down off the roof. 02:33.866 --> 02:36.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [Woman] To ornament, she upturned a turquoise vase. 02:36.600 --> 02:39.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% At a flea market, she found glass transformers 02:39.233 --> 02:40.766 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% from old phone poles. 02:40.766 --> 02:43.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - And they come in all shades of green to turquoise. 02:43.333 --> 02:45.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I'm always looking for blue-colored glass objects 02:45.866 --> 02:47.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that are durable, that I can put 02:47.566 --> 02:49.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% in the yard that won't break. 02:49.433 --> 02:51.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So again I have a kind of have a green 02:51.133 --> 02:55.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and white and purple to blue, I guess, color palette. 02:55.400 --> 03:00.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Mardi gras, purple door and kind of cobalts and turquoises. 03:00.233 --> 03:02.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [Woman] At the front door, she raised up the view 03:02.066 --> 03:04.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% by planting in a steel saucer tripod container. 03:04.966 --> 03:06.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Someone on Craigslist, Westlake, 03:06.933 --> 03:10.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% they were redoing their garden and wanted to get rid of it, 03:10.266 --> 03:12.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% 150 bucks you have to haul it away. 03:12.233 --> 03:15.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The base itself, the bowl is very, very heavy. 03:15.366 --> 03:17.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It took two strong guys to lift it. 03:17.900 --> 03:19.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The first thing I realized pretty quickly 03:19.700 --> 03:22.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% is I had to have it on very firm soil 03:22.066 --> 03:24.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% because the first time I set it up, 03:24.033 --> 03:25.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% over the course of an afternoon, 03:25.633 --> 03:27.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% it slowly tipped and tipped and tipped 03:27.733 --> 03:29.233 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and then crashed over. 03:29.233 --> 03:31.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It's sitting on the flagstone pavers, 03:31.200 --> 03:34.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% as opposed to in the gravel because the gravel's too soft. 03:34.366 --> 03:35.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It's got a drainage hole in it, 03:35.833 --> 03:38.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% so I filled it first with a load of pea gravel, 03:38.633 --> 03:41.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% then decomposed granite, hilled it up a little bit 03:41.166 --> 03:42.700 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% in the center. 03:42.700 --> 03:46.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's all cacti and things that want to be very dry, 03:46.200 --> 03:48.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% drains out fast, really fast. 03:48.266 --> 03:51.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And, again, it takes a lot of hot, blazing sun. 03:51.700 --> 03:54.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And then I put glass and stones and interesting things 03:54.666 --> 03:56.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in there so that year-round there's something nice 03:56.966 --> 03:58.233 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% to look at. 03:58.233 --> 04:00.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The way it sits also, from my living room, 04:00.233 --> 04:01.666 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% it's a beautiful view. 04:01.666 --> 04:04.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% My front garden did start out native grasses, 04:04.833 --> 04:06.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% little rosemary here and there. 04:06.366 --> 04:09.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It was supposed to be sparse. 04:09.366 --> 04:12.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And I just realized that's not my style. 04:12.433 --> 04:14.333 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% I think it's beautiful. 04:14.333 --> 04:15.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I enjoy it and admire it, 04:15.866 --> 04:18.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but I can't help but gild the lily a little bit. 04:18.700 --> 04:20.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I always tuck in a thing here and there, 04:20.666 --> 04:24.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and next thing I knew, I had a lot going on. 04:24.266 --> 04:26.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [Woman] She inherited native spring-blooming spiderworts 04:26.866 --> 04:28.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that she divides to spread around. 04:28.900 --> 04:30.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - I've always got larkspurs and poppies. 04:30.866 --> 04:32.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% As I moved around when I was younger, 04:32.366 --> 04:35.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I'd just gather the seeds and carry them with me. 04:35.466 --> 04:37.966 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% And then later in the season, a lot of cosmos, 04:37.966 --> 04:40.933 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% particularly in the front, white and pink. 04:42.233 --> 04:45.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I try to do a lot, along with the blue theme, 04:45.133 --> 04:48.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% a lot of white flowers, white roses, white lantana, 04:48.566 --> 04:52.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% white cosmos because, looking out my bedroom window 04:52.466 --> 04:54.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% at night, the white really shows up in the dark. 04:54.866 --> 04:56.866 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% I've never used pesticides or insecticides, 04:56.866 --> 04:58.366 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% anything like that. 04:58.366 --> 05:00.666 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% It needed to be something that would be tough because, 05:00.666 --> 05:03.233 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% except in worst-case scenarios, I'm not gonna water. 05:03.233 --> 05:06.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I think, at the heart of it all, I'm a lazy gardener. 05:06.200 --> 05:09.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I want things that are gonna last, 05:09.133 --> 05:12.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% not take a lot of care, be beautiful year after year. 05:12.133 --> 05:15.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I like my little pond, my stock tank pond that I have, 05:15.066 --> 05:17.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% which brings in a lot of wildlife. 05:17.100 --> 05:19.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And I've got some solar lights out there. 05:20.500 --> 05:23.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% At night, the white flowers glow in the dark. 05:23.300 --> 05:26.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% The backyard, I call it the farm, and the intention, 05:26.100 --> 05:29.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% short of a rosebush or two, is everything is edible. 05:29.266 --> 05:32.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% That's my overarching theory. 05:32.433 --> 05:34.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% My grandpa had a large almond orchard 05:34.800 --> 05:36.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% in northern California, 05:36.200 --> 05:39.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% so I kind of grew up spending summers surrounded 05:39.000 --> 05:41.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% by an orchard, which, for someone 05:41.000 --> 05:42.266 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% that likes a lot of organization, 05:42.266 --> 05:44.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% an orchard is like the perfect forest 05:44.033 --> 05:45.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% 'cause it's nice and neat. 05:45.933 --> 05:47.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% At his funeral, I took a cutting 05:47.433 --> 05:49.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% of the fig tree that was out by the barn. 05:49.566 --> 05:51.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Took cuttings, carried them home on the plane wrapped 05:51.600 --> 05:54.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in wet newspaper, along with some grapevine cuttings. 05:54.800 --> 05:57.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And carried that little fig tree around in a pot 05:57.733 --> 05:59.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% for years until I had my forever home, 05:59.833 --> 06:02.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and I felt I could put it in the ground. 06:02.033 --> 06:06.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's grown like gangbusters, brings blue jays. 06:06.000 --> 06:09.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I sit in the window every morning, 06:09.066 --> 06:10.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% putting on my makeup and getting ready for work, 06:10.666 --> 06:13.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and there's half a dozen blue jays that'll be out there, 06:13.866 --> 06:15.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% enjoying my fruit. 06:15.000 --> 06:15.833 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (chuckles) 06:15.833 --> 06:17.066 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% We have an agreement. 06:17.066 --> 06:18.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% They get the high stuff. 06:18.300 --> 06:19.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I'm supposed to get the low stuff. 06:19.866 --> 06:20.833 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% It shades the house. 06:20.833 --> 06:21.766 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% It's lovely. 06:21.766 --> 06:23.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And it's a memory of him. 06:23.200 --> 06:24.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's kind of been the inspiration for my backyard. 06:24.966 --> 06:28.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Two peach trees, two apple trees, two fujis, 06:28.233 --> 06:31.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% two plums, my fig tree, and a lemon tree. 06:31.133 --> 06:32.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% I took grape cuttings also. 06:32.633 --> 06:34.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They turned out to be Thompson seedless. 06:34.866 --> 06:37.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I didn't know that they would do very well, but they have. 06:37.666 --> 06:40.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I plant them with blackberries, which my intention was, 06:40.500 --> 06:41.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% by planting them with blackberries, 06:41.966 --> 06:45.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the thorns would kind of keep birds off a little bit. 06:45.200 --> 06:47.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% In retrospect, I don't know if that was a good idea 06:47.100 --> 06:49.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because it also makes it very hard for me to work in them. 06:49.566 --> 06:51.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [Woman] Jennifer and son Julian framed one section 06:51.933 --> 06:54.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with a picket fence and rose-covered arbor. 06:54.700 --> 06:56.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - It's where I get my farm idea. 06:56.333 --> 06:59.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I knew I wanted to have some raised beds for vegetables, 06:59.466 --> 07:03.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% something that I could keep a little more orderly, 07:03.900 --> 07:05.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% instead of kind of the wild kingdom look. 07:05.933 --> 07:09.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Over the course of a week, we built it and put it together 07:09.433 --> 07:11.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and put down the decomposed granite 07:11.966 --> 07:14.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and built the four beds that I've got. 07:14.300 --> 07:15.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% The idea was it was gonna be 07:15.433 --> 07:17.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% kind of like a federalist style. 07:17.733 --> 07:20.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It was supposed to be kind of organized and clean and neat, 07:20.900 --> 07:25.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but it's kind of gone jungle-like, the rest of it. 07:25.100 --> 07:26.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% This time of year anyway. 07:26.533 --> 07:28.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Woman] Jennifer confirmed her philosophy 07:28.000 --> 07:30.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% on hand-painted lumber scraps mounted 07:30.000 --> 07:33.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% on the bamboo that encloses her outdoor shower. 07:33.300 --> 07:35.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% An advocate of community literacy, 07:35.600 --> 07:37.900 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% she built a little library on the front curb. 07:37.900 --> 07:39.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - I had saved like a draw pull I'd got 07:39.933 --> 07:41.066 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% at a garage sale. 07:41.066 --> 07:43.633 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Like a lot of us, I had a drawer 07:43.633 --> 07:47.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% full of someday I'll do something with this cool stuff. 07:47.333 --> 07:49.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I had little odds and ends that I had saved 07:49.433 --> 07:51.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and put it together, you know, painted it 07:51.333 --> 07:54.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to match my front door and recycled a garden bench 07:54.866 --> 07:56.200 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% to set it on. 07:56.200 --> 07:58.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Some neighborhoods have issues with vandalism 07:58.266 --> 07:59.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and things like that, so at first it was 07:59.800 --> 08:03.000 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% just kind of an experiment of not putting in too much money, 08:03.000 --> 08:03.833 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% just see how it goes. 08:03.833 --> 08:06.166 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% But it's been lovely. 08:06.166 --> 08:07.000 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% People take care of it. 08:07.000 --> 08:09.166 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% People look out for it. 08:09.166 --> 08:12.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It's been a lot of fun and community, 08:12.566 --> 08:15.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% people walking their dogs stop, take a look at it. 08:15.533 --> 08:17.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Lots of people stop, take pictures, 08:18.600 --> 08:19.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% come back with their kids. 08:21.066 --> 08:23.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Welcome today we've got Matt Turner here 08:23.466 --> 08:24.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that we're gonna be speaking with. 08:24.800 --> 08:27.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Matt with The Native Plant Society of Texas. 08:27.966 --> 08:30.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And you've written two books here 08:30.400 --> 08:32.766 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that we have the "Remarkable Plants of Texas". 08:32.766 --> 08:34.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Yeah - Of which there are many. 08:34.133 --> 08:35.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Yes. - And then of course, 08:35.633 --> 08:39.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you have a new book out now that's "Unnatural Texas?" 08:39.033 --> 08:40.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% non invasive species. - Yes. 08:40.933 --> 08:43.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [John] And you wrote this with Robin Doughty. 08:43.100 --> 08:44.633 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - Doughty, yes. - Doughty. 08:44.633 --> 08:46.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Okay Professor Emeritus in geography here at UT, yeah. 08:46.800 --> 08:48.066 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - What's an invasive species? 08:48.066 --> 08:49.933 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - So invasive species has to be two things: 08:49.933 --> 08:52.166 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% one, it has to be non-native. 08:53.466 --> 08:54.833 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Which means a human 08:54.833 --> 08:56.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% had to have brought it in. 08:56.433 --> 08:58.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Sorry it cannot have existed naturally 08:58.433 --> 09:01.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% or historically and they given ecosystem. 09:01.000 --> 09:02.233 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% And then secondly, 09:02.233 --> 09:03.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% it has to cause some kind of harm. 09:03.533 --> 09:06.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The major ones being to the environment 09:06.500 --> 09:10.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% or to human health or to economy. 09:10.633 --> 09:13.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Okay, and what about ecosystem health is there? 09:13.866 --> 09:16.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Yeah, I think that's the one that's the hardest 09:16.100 --> 09:18.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% to quantify and gets the least. 09:18.733 --> 09:20.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [John] It's not tension in the official definition. 09:20.866 --> 09:23.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [Matt] Okay, yeah. (Matt laughs) 09:23.200 --> 09:27.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% - And as an example, 09:27.100 --> 09:29.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% some that people that might really be familiar 09:29.066 --> 09:32.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with the house sparrows and European starlings. 09:32.333 --> 09:34.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Yeah, I don't know how many people are familiar with that. 09:34.233 --> 09:35.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% But those are not native birds. 09:35.833 --> 09:38.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They were brought in intentionally. 09:38.133 --> 09:43.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Partly, sparrows were at the very beginning in the 1850s. 09:43.033 --> 09:46.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Because the native bird life in the US city, 09:46.966 --> 09:49.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% especially industrializing cities were vanishing. 09:49.400 --> 09:52.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They didn't like all the noise and hubbub. 09:52.166 --> 09:54.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% So the cities were rather kind of devoid of bird live, 09:54.566 --> 09:56.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and there were these inchworms that the birds 09:56.500 --> 09:57.733 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% were not eating. 09:57.733 --> 09:59.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And so there was this bright idea. 09:59.166 --> 10:00.300 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Let's bring in sparrows. 10:00.300 --> 10:01.466 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% We all love sparrows. 10:01.466 --> 10:02.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Let's bring them in. 10:02.400 --> 10:03.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% They'll eat the inchworms, 10:03.400 --> 10:04.866 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% everyone will be happy. 10:04.866 --> 10:07.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% But there is this notion that we're British for English. 10:07.866 --> 10:09.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% And we like Shakespeare, 10:09.200 --> 10:10.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and Shakespeare mentions all these birds. 10:10.800 --> 10:13.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% So let's bring in all the birds mentioned in Shakespeare. 10:13.133 --> 10:14.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It's hard to imagine that now, 10:14.600 --> 10:16.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% but that was a very common idea. 10:16.600 --> 10:19.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So both sparrows and starlings were brought 10:19.133 --> 10:22.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% over partly just because we were culturally familiar 10:22.533 --> 10:24.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with them, and we wanted them around us. 10:24.366 --> 10:26.800 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - So what brought them over, but what happened? 10:26.800 --> 10:28.166 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - So they don't eat the inchworms. 10:28.166 --> 10:29.100 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% (John laughs) 10:29.100 --> 10:30.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And they proliferated too much. 10:30.533 --> 10:31.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And they started taking over. 10:31.600 --> 10:33.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Well, for a while we love them. 10:33.033 --> 10:34.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Right. - And we protected them. 10:34.533 --> 10:38.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And in fact, Texas made it law not to destroy a sparrow. 10:38.366 --> 10:39.900 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It was added to the Penal Code. 10:39.900 --> 10:41.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% But then they went crazy, 10:41.266 --> 10:42.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and there was too many of them 10:42.833 --> 10:46.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and they were fornicating and making too much noise 10:46.366 --> 10:48.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% in the streets and people didn't like this. 10:48.300 --> 10:50.333 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% And they became 10:50.333 --> 10:51.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% to be called British Boulders. 10:51.966 --> 10:54.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Until there became this sort of Sparrow War 10:54.533 --> 10:57.100 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% between those who love the sparrows and one of them here, 10:57.100 --> 10:59.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and those who would just assume make a sparrow pie 10:59.633 --> 11:00.933 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% out of the them. 11:00.933 --> 11:02.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They were making pies out of them in New York. 11:02.566 --> 11:04.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% So there was a big controversy. 11:04.233 --> 11:07.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And so basically, more and more people began to see 11:07.800 --> 11:11.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% for the first time, that maybe we shouldn't be bringing 11:11.533 --> 11:14.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% things all around the world to different countries 11:14.700 --> 11:16.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% without thinking about their repercussions. 11:16.566 --> 11:18.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Sure. - And that's what eventually 11:18.433 --> 11:21.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% gave rise to the Lacey Act of 1900, 11:21.566 --> 11:23.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% where, for the first time, 11:23.233 --> 11:25.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% four different species of our likes, 11:25.033 --> 11:26.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% including starlings and sparrows, 11:26.966 --> 11:29.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% were to be forbidden to be brought in 11:29.033 --> 11:31.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and to be transported between states. 11:31.100 --> 11:33.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% That list has subsequently been amended many times 11:33.433 --> 11:34.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and includes hundreds of animals now. 11:34.966 --> 11:36.266 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% So the Lacey Act of 1900 11:36.266 --> 11:37.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% was kind of a sea change 11:37.566 --> 11:39.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% when people realized, wait a minute. 11:40.900 --> 11:45.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Maybe people shouldn't bring everything, 11:45.133 --> 11:46.666 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% everywhere all the time, 11:46.666 --> 11:49.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% because the attitude before was it's very anthropocentric, 11:49.466 --> 11:51.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% humans are in charge, 11:51.033 --> 11:53.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and we can bring whatever we want, wherever we want. 11:53.333 --> 11:54.600 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - Sure. - New Zealand 11:54.600 --> 11:56.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% should look like England. - Right. 11:56.366 --> 11:57.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - America should look like England. 11:57.833 --> 11:59.100 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Right. 11:59.100 --> 12:00.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - So let's make it look more like that. 12:00.133 --> 12:01.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% 'cause we were familiar with it. 12:01.600 --> 12:04.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Well, I was reading a little bit about this prepare too 12:04.633 --> 12:06.100 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and I noted that, 12:06.100 --> 12:09.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the starlings have an impact ecologically as well, 12:09.566 --> 12:13.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% they've actually harmed their nest robbers 12:13.066 --> 12:15.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and they'll actually kill bluebird babies 12:15.833 --> 12:17.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and pull them out of the net. 12:17.500 --> 12:18.666 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Right. 12:18.666 --> 12:20.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - The nest and then take that nest 12:20.166 --> 12:22.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% for their own and-- - Right both species 12:22.366 --> 12:24.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% take bluebird babies out of their nest 12:24.300 --> 12:27.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and so purple Martin defenders are really big about keeping 12:27.566 --> 12:28.700 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% them out of the nest. 12:28.700 --> 12:30.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% They they're big boulders, 12:30.366 --> 12:33.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% they have big beaks and they kinda just bully 12:33.100 --> 12:34.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% other birds and take over. 12:35.700 --> 12:37.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Starlings take a grain off the fields, 12:37.933 --> 12:40.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and they cause some aero plane accidents as well, 12:40.566 --> 12:42.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% 'cause they're flock and he's enormous flocks. 12:42.900 --> 12:44.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [John] What's the big the dilemma 12:44.766 --> 12:46.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% or the challenge here so to speak into high risk 12:46.833 --> 12:48.066 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% with your title. 12:48.066 --> 12:49.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So dilemma, is you have to choose 12:49.200 --> 12:52.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% between two unacceptable alternatives 12:52.500 --> 12:54.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% or undesirable alternatives. 12:54.466 --> 12:56.833 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% So there's actually several here but one is, 12:58.333 --> 12:59.933 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% as humans, we're bringing things all over the planet 12:59.933 --> 13:03.333 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% all the time and the pace of that is getting faster 13:03.333 --> 13:06.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and faster, and there's nothing we can do to really stop it. 13:06.233 --> 13:08.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% But the repercussions some of these are gonna take off. 13:08.833 --> 13:10.266 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% And so how do we control 13:10.266 --> 13:12.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and manage these things that we unavoidable, 13:12.533 --> 13:14.466 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% are unavoidable to bring in? 13:14.466 --> 13:17.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And then the choices we make on how to manage them, 13:17.233 --> 13:19.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% each one of them has strong negatives, 13:19.233 --> 13:20.400 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% do you poison it? 13:20.400 --> 13:21.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And then maybe poison environment? 13:21.500 --> 13:22.700 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% Do you burn it? - Sure. 13:22.700 --> 13:24.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - It's problems with burning? 13:24.366 --> 13:26.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Or do you bring in another animal 13:26.033 --> 13:27.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% or bio control another animal 13:27.933 --> 13:29.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to devour the thing you brought in, 13:29.533 --> 13:32.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but then that has to be in a non native creature as well. 13:32.566 --> 13:33.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Right. - Specifically designed 13:33.733 --> 13:35.133 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% to go after that. 13:35.133 --> 13:37.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% There's all sorts of examples from history 13:37.266 --> 13:39.300 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of does going awry as well. - Sure. 13:39.300 --> 13:41.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - So you have this sort of intractable problem 13:41.333 --> 13:43.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that we doesn't have easy solutions. 13:43.066 --> 13:45.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Right. - So that's sort of the heart 13:45.033 --> 13:45.966 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% of the dilemma. 13:45.966 --> 13:47.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - To play devil's advocate here. 13:47.566 --> 13:51.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% There's a lot of people are that take the camp 13:51.233 --> 13:52.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and there's an author MMAs, 13:52.833 --> 13:56.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% who wrote a book Rambo Scarn who says, 13:56.266 --> 13:57.766 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% nature is everywhere, 13:57.766 --> 14:00.166 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but they're the one thing that's consistent where it is. 14:00.166 --> 14:02.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% That it's not pristine. 14:02.566 --> 14:04.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% We've already messed it up. 14:04.133 --> 14:06.133 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% So at this point in time, 14:07.300 --> 14:10.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% why are we concerned so much about invasives? 14:10.900 --> 14:12.000 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% - All right. 14:12.000 --> 14:14.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Well, yeah, that's, (laughing) 14:14.300 --> 14:16.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that's sort of the complete defeatist position. 14:16.833 --> 14:19.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I think the answer is always more nuanced 14:19.333 --> 14:20.700 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and somewhere in between. 14:20.700 --> 14:22.700 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% So part of it is, 14:22.700 --> 14:25.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% many in true invasives do a lot of damage. 14:25.600 --> 14:29.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They take over huge areas think of kudzu vine. 14:30.166 --> 14:33.966 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% And they cause a lot of problems. 14:33.966 --> 14:36.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% So, turning a blind eye 14:36.033 --> 14:39.700 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to those problems seems silly for for multiple accounts. 14:39.700 --> 14:42.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Also, I think people want their places to look 14:42.666 --> 14:44.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% like their places that'd be that's been a recent trend. 14:44.800 --> 14:46.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% We went Texans, went Texans to like Texas, 14:46.733 --> 14:48.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and not like New England. - Absolutely. 14:48.366 --> 14:50.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Not like Brazil and not like Asia. 14:50.866 --> 14:51.700 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Right. 14:51.700 --> 14:52.966 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% We are part of nature. 14:52.966 --> 14:54.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And we are part of that system. 14:54.800 --> 14:56.266 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% If that system isn't thriving, 14:56.266 --> 15:00.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that translates and to us really not thriving, as well. 15:00.233 --> 15:01.700 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% - Yes, that's true. 15:01.700 --> 15:04.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - [John] Let's go over a few of these species 15:04.333 --> 15:05.633 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that I think you cover in the book. 15:05.633 --> 15:08.033 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% One of them is the Chinese tallow tree. 15:08.033 --> 15:09.266 align:left position:40% line:5% size:50% - Right. 15:09.266 --> 15:10.766 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% The Chinese tells you it's from China. 15:10.766 --> 15:12.266 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% But yes, it was brought in 15:12.266 --> 15:14.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% by none other than Benjamin Franklin, 15:14.500 --> 15:17.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% who was on the outlook for, on the lookout 15:17.033 --> 15:20.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I should say for plants that would help the colonies. 15:20.133 --> 15:21.666 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% - [John] right. 15:21.666 --> 15:24.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - And these, the fruits of Chinese tallow or tallow, 15:24.200 --> 15:26.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% it's very waxy that the outer surface 15:26.333 --> 15:28.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% has a saturated fat and can be used like in Campbell's, 15:28.966 --> 15:32.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and that the inside the kernel is a linseed type oil 15:32.433 --> 15:34.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and unsaturated fatty acid. 15:34.333 --> 15:35.733 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% That's way more critical 15:35.733 --> 15:38.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% 'cause it's more it's used in bio diesel. 15:38.233 --> 15:40.166 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So it's, it is still to this day, 15:40.166 --> 15:43.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% one of the world's most oil productive trees, 15:43.033 --> 15:45.200 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% richest in oils of all trees. 15:45.200 --> 15:47.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And so he was not stupid and bringing it in. 15:47.866 --> 15:49.066 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - Right. - And in fact, 15:49.066 --> 15:50.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% he didn't cause really the invasion. 15:50.700 --> 15:52.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It just took off a little bit on the South Carolina Coast, 15:52.933 --> 15:55.300 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but then US government officials, 15:55.300 --> 15:57.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% were spreading it all over and a lot of other people too. 15:57.566 --> 16:00.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% We're trying to constantly make a viable 16:00.200 --> 16:01.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% industry out of this. - Right. 16:01.666 --> 16:02.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% - And to this day, 16:02.900 --> 16:05.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% 200 years later, we still haven't got one. 16:05.866 --> 16:07.133 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% So that's the problem. 16:07.133 --> 16:09.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% You bring something in it looks good on paper 16:09.366 --> 16:10.900 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and China was working, 16:10.900 --> 16:13.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and then it for a number of reasons too hard 16:13.333 --> 16:14.266 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% to go into here. 16:14.266 --> 16:15.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It doesn't quite work here. 16:15.766 --> 16:17.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In the meantime, you have an invasion 16:17.533 --> 16:19.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and now it's everywhere. 16:19.033 --> 16:21.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Okay, another one that's gonna have a huge impact 16:21.566 --> 16:25.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% coming to pretty much all the US is emerald ash borer, 16:25.833 --> 16:27.733 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - [Matt] A beautiful little jewel beetle. 16:27.733 --> 16:30.066 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% We've known it's coming, it was brought in 16:30.066 --> 16:35.066 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% through packing crates into Michigan in like 2006 or eight. 16:36.233 --> 16:38.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And it was hidden trees for no one noticed it 16:38.066 --> 16:40.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% until already 1000 trees were dying. 16:40.566 --> 16:44.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% By then it was already spreading throughout the Midwest. 16:44.033 --> 16:46.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And so Texans have been knowing it's coming 16:46.500 --> 16:48.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and we've been waiting for it to come. 16:48.400 --> 16:50.033 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% It goes after ash trees 16:50.033 --> 16:51.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and there was about eight species of ash in Texas 16:51.866 --> 16:54.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and unfortunately, there's really no solution. 16:54.066 --> 16:55.200 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Right. - We're probably gonna lose 16:55.200 --> 16:56.966 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% most of our attributes in Texas. 16:58.566 --> 17:00.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They were waiting for an East Texas. 17:00.000 --> 17:01.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And then suddenly it appeared in Fort Worth 17:01.800 --> 17:04.833 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% on a 10-year olds iNaturalist application. 17:04.833 --> 17:08.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% So that's a little that's a little plug for Inaturalist. 17:09.233 --> 17:10.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Anyone can put that on their phone 17:10.400 --> 17:11.600 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and go start taking pictures 17:11.600 --> 17:12.833 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and experts will come in 17:12.833 --> 17:14.266 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and identify things that are on there. 17:14.266 --> 17:15.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - Well, that's a great segue 17:15.666 --> 17:17.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% 'cause I'm sure everybody's interested in this. 17:17.500 --> 17:19.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% How, What can we do? - What can we do? 17:19.966 --> 17:22.133 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Be alert, be vigilant. 17:22.133 --> 17:24.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Try to realize when new things are started springing up 17:24.800 --> 17:27.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% everywhere ask what they are, find out what's going on. 17:28.700 --> 17:31.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Try not to plant too many non-natives 17:31.033 --> 17:32.433 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% in your yard or at least ones 17:32.433 --> 17:34.833 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that you know are gonna say put. 17:34.833 --> 17:36.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Talk to your nurseries and HOAs 17:36.533 --> 17:38.166 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% about why they're selling things 17:38.166 --> 17:41.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that are arguably dangerous like Nan Dena 17:41.366 --> 17:44.733 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% and ligustrum. - Yeah. 17:44.733 --> 17:46.500 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - Even though they're technically not invasive 17:46.500 --> 17:49.033 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% by state standards, they're acting invasive. 17:49.033 --> 17:50.933 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Just be aware that as a human, 17:50.933 --> 17:53.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you're a vector all the time you're bringing stuff in. 17:53.833 --> 17:56.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So don't dump your aquarium in any lake. 17:56.233 --> 17:57.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Don't let your cats roam out at night. 17:57.866 --> 18:00.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Wipe your shoes when you go from one hiking 18:00.233 --> 18:01.466 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% spot to another. 18:01.466 --> 18:04.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Something like 80% of non-native plants 18:04.866 --> 18:07.933 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% in Enchanted Rock have to ride along the trails. 18:07.933 --> 18:09.400 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% Why? 18:09.400 --> 18:10.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Because that's for people who have been walking 18:10.633 --> 18:11.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% somewhere else and brought them in. 18:11.900 --> 18:13.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Empty your boat and clean it really well 18:13.066 --> 18:14.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% before you go between legs. 18:14.733 --> 18:16.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The zebra mussels are everywhere now. 18:16.333 --> 18:17.566 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% - [John] Right. 18:17.566 --> 18:20.333 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - So pay attention to what you're bringing in 18:20.333 --> 18:22.433 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% to your garden in your life and your yard 18:22.433 --> 18:24.066 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% and what you're carrying around with you. 18:24.066 --> 18:26.133 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Well, Matt, thank you so much for speaking with us today. 18:26.133 --> 18:29.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% This is a very complex issue, 18:29.233 --> 18:33.000 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and I think you addressed it quite well. 18:33.000 --> 18:34.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Can't wait to read the book. 18:34.233 --> 18:35.600 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Thank you for coming with us today. 18:35.600 --> 18:37.100 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% - Thanks, thanks for inviting me. 18:37.100 --> 18:39.433 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - And next Daphne will be up to answer all your questions. 18:39.433 --> 18:42.600 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% (light playful music) 18:44.066 --> 18:47.100 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% - In San Antonio, Mark Harris spotted this beach-ball sized, 18:47.100 --> 18:49.900 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% papery-looking nest near the top of a tree, 18:49.900 --> 18:52.466 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% home to hundreds of flying insects. 18:52.466 --> 18:54.066 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Should he be concerned about them? 18:54.066 --> 18:56.766 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% It's hard to see individual insects here, 18:56.766 --> 18:58.033 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% but from their behavior, 18:58.033 --> 19:00.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% my entomology colleague Wizzie Brown suspects 19:00.733 --> 19:02.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Mexican honey wasps. 19:02.200 --> 19:05.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Wizzie tells us that these wasps are not very aggressive 19:05.733 --> 19:08.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and often ignore human activity. 19:08.033 --> 19:10.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They're also beneficial pollinators 19:10.033 --> 19:12.333 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and can feed on harmful insects. 19:12.333 --> 19:14.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% You'll most often notice the nests 19:14.133 --> 19:16.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% when deciduous trees lose their leaves. 19:16.966 --> 19:19.933 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% Writer and Texas Master Naturalist Sheryl Smith-Rodgers 19:19.933 --> 19:22.766 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% documented the relocation of one beneficial colony 19:22.766 --> 19:25.566 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% to her Texas Wildscape habitat garden. 19:25.566 --> 19:28.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% If you're looking to add more native plants this year, 19:28.233 --> 19:31.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% it's the perfect time to plant American beautyberry, 19:31.033 --> 19:34.233 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% a native understory small shrub for part shade. 19:34.233 --> 19:37.833 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% Deciduous in winter, its late spring flowers attract bees, 19:37.833 --> 19:39.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% butterflies and other pollinators. 19:39.733 --> 19:41.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And in fall, American beautyberry 19:41.900 --> 19:44.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% provides a plethora of purple or white berries 19:44.333 --> 19:47.100 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% to feed birds and small mammals, like this one, 19:47.100 --> 19:49.966 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% shared with us from Agnes Fajkus, in Fayette County. 19:49.966 --> 19:53.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% As we prepare our planting beds for a new season, 19:53.033 --> 19:55.000 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% should we do a soil test? 19:55.000 --> 19:57.333 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Soil tests determine nutrient levels, 19:57.333 --> 19:59.366 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% so you only need one if you're trying 19:59.366 --> 20:01.333 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% to decide how to fertilize. 20:01.333 --> 20:03.800 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% If you have natives or well adapted plants, 20:03.800 --> 20:05.733 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% you may never need to fertilize them, 20:05.733 --> 20:09.100 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% in which case, a soil test isn't necessary. 20:09.100 --> 20:11.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% One important note: it's not just soil fertility 20:11.933 --> 20:13.566 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% but soil type that determines 20:13.566 --> 20:15.800 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% what will grow successfully for you. 20:15.800 --> 20:17.666 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Some plants prefer well-drained, 20:17.666 --> 20:19.533 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% even rocky locations, 20:19.533 --> 20:21.966 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% while others need deeper or heavier soil, 20:21.966 --> 20:24.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% for more water-holding capacity. 20:24.366 --> 20:26.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Be sure you know what type of soil 20:26.200 --> 20:28.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% you have in your landscape before you plant. 20:28.866 --> 20:31.100 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% Another question we often get. 20:31.100 --> 20:34.500 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% What's the difference between compost and mulch? 20:34.500 --> 20:37.333 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% The answer is, mostly time. 20:37.333 --> 20:40.833 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% Mulch is relatively large aggregate organic matter, 20:40.833 --> 20:43.666 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% used to protect the soil from evaporation. 20:43.666 --> 20:46.200 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Compost is much smaller aggregate organic matter 20:46.200 --> 20:47.866 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% that has broken down over time, 20:47.866 --> 20:50.233 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% due to the activity of microbes. 20:50.233 --> 20:52.166 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% Compost can be used as mulch, 20:52.166 --> 20:54.266 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% but those smaller particles break down 20:54.266 --> 20:56.233 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% even further rather quickly, 20:56.233 --> 20:58.666 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% while mulch will break down more slowly. 20:58.666 --> 21:02.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It's best to incorporate compost to the soil when planting, 21:02.233 --> 21:05.233 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% where it assists with water and nutrient-holding capacity. 21:05.233 --> 21:08.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Or, you can add a thin layer on top of soil each season 21:08.500 --> 21:11.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% underneath any new mulch that you apply. 21:11.033 --> 21:14.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Many people often wonder about just exactly what I do, 21:14.633 --> 21:16.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% as an Extension horticulturist. 21:16.733 --> 21:18.233 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% The Extension Service exists 21:18.233 --> 21:21.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to help educate community residents on various topics, 21:21.466 --> 21:24.733 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% encouraging the adoption of best management practices. 21:24.733 --> 21:26.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% As a horticulturist, 21:26.200 --> 21:29.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% my focus is to help people with issues surrounding landscape 21:29.000 --> 21:30.566 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% practices and gardening. 21:30.566 --> 21:34.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% My favorite place to do my job is right here on CTG, 21:34.033 --> 21:36.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but I also give presentations at various events 21:36.500 --> 21:39.666 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and conferences, and organize lectures and workshops. 21:39.666 --> 21:41.933 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% We also have many online resources, 21:41.933 --> 21:44.166 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% and we announce all of our upcoming programs 21:44.166 --> 21:46.033 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% on our various websites. 21:46.033 --> 21:47.700 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% One of my most intensive programs 21:47.700 --> 21:49.400 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% is the Master Gardener training, 21:49.400 --> 21:51.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% which I offer at most once a year. 21:51.866 --> 21:54.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% After completion of this eight-week course, 21:54.066 --> 21:55.533 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% participants spend a year 21:55.533 --> 21:58.100 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% as Master Gardener Intern volunteers. 21:58.100 --> 22:01.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And after successful completion of the internship, 22:01.000 --> 22:02.500 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% participants earn the title 22:02.500 --> 22:04.500 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% of Travis County Master Gardener, 22:04.500 --> 22:06.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% where they continue to assist me with implementing 22:06.866 --> 22:08.933 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% my educational programs. 22:08.933 --> 22:11.800 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% The easiest way to find out more about all of our programs 22:11.800 --> 22:13.033 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% is to do an internet search 22:13.033 --> 22:15.433 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% for Travis County Extension Horticulture, 22:15.433 --> 22:17.066 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% or call our office. 22:17.066 --> 22:18.366 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% We'd love to hear from you! 22:18.366 --> 22:21.166 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% Check out centraltexasgardener.org. 22:21.166 --> 22:24.366 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% to send us your questions, stories and videos. 22:24.366 --> 22:26.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Now let's check in with Molly Pikarsky 22:26.200 --> 22:28.766 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (upbeat music) 22:31.666 --> 22:33.633 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - I'm Molly, flora and fauna manager 22:33.633 --> 22:36.500 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% at Lake Austin Spa Resort, your rebel horticulturist. 22:36.500 --> 22:38.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And I'm really happy to introduce the guy 22:38.400 --> 22:39.866 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% who keeps me out of trouble, 22:39.866 --> 22:41.766 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% my son Max Pikarsky. 22:41.766 --> 22:43.233 align:left position:40% line:5% size:50% - Hi. 22:43.233 --> 22:45.100 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% - Today we're gonna talk about using our late winter 22:45.100 --> 22:47.400 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and early spring garden goodies to make an easy 22:47.400 --> 22:49.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and delicious salad that is beautifully colored 22:49.700 --> 22:51.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and has a spicy crunch. 22:51.200 --> 22:53.200 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The whole team at Lake Austin Spa Resort 22:53.200 --> 22:55.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% is so excited about our gardens right now. 22:55.533 --> 22:57.466 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Richard, Dustin, and the grounds team 22:57.466 --> 23:00.366 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% have been wowing everyone with their abundant vegetables 23:00.366 --> 23:03.566 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and herbs, and Chef Stefan and sous-chef Anthony 23:03.566 --> 23:05.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% have been using these ingredients 23:05.033 --> 23:07.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% to make some spectacular culinary creations. 23:07.733 --> 23:11.633 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% We've brought spinach, arugula, rumex, carrots, 23:11.633 --> 23:13.566 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% and both red and green lettuce. 23:13.566 --> 23:15.300 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% - Mom, you forgot the radishes. 23:15.300 --> 23:17.466 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% - Oh yes, we also brought some beautiful red 23:17.466 --> 23:18.666 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% and purple radishes. 23:18.666 --> 23:20.266 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% We started these crops in late fall, 23:20.266 --> 23:21.533 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% but you can take advantage 23:21.533 --> 23:23.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% of this mild winter and plant these now. 23:23.333 --> 23:25.700 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I like to plant the greens from transplants 23:25.700 --> 23:28.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the radish and carrots work beautifully from seed. 23:28.466 --> 23:31.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They will continue to grow until it starts to get hot. 23:31.066 --> 23:33.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% If you want to keep them growing, try indoors. 23:33.566 --> 23:35.233 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They are great candidates for hydro 23:35.233 --> 23:37.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% or aquaponic systems too. 23:37.033 --> 23:39.633 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - And don't forget to add some organic fertilizer 23:39.633 --> 23:42.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with microbiology in it when you plant. 23:42.766 --> 23:44.766 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It makes the plants grow best. 23:44.766 --> 23:45.833 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% - Absolutely. 23:45.833 --> 23:47.300 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Even in this colder weather, 23:47.300 --> 23:48.733 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% you wanna make sure your garden 23:48.733 --> 23:51.400 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% is getting organic fertilizer and water that it needs. 23:51.400 --> 23:54.533 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Also, it isn't a bad idea to keep some frost blanket handy 23:54.533 --> 23:58.833 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% just in case we get a central Texas surprise, cold snap. 23:58.833 --> 24:00.900 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - We are also going to use pecans, 24:00.900 --> 24:04.466 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Parmesan cheese and balsamic reduction that I made myself. 24:04.466 --> 24:07.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Max makes a wonderful simple balsamic reduction 24:07.866 --> 24:12.300 align:left position:20% line:77% size:70% using inexpensive balsamic vinegar, sugar or honey and salt. 24:12.300 --> 24:15.666 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% When making your own balsamic reduction over medium heat, 24:15.666 --> 24:18.600 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% add the sugar or honey to taste to the vinegar. 24:18.600 --> 24:20.466 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% Let the mixture simmer until it reduces 24:20.466 --> 24:21.766 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% to your desired thickness. 24:21.766 --> 24:22.766 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% As a rebel, 24:22.766 --> 24:24.533 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% I'm not always a recipe follower. 24:24.533 --> 24:26.066 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% In fact, really never. 24:26.066 --> 24:28.966 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% So I encourage you to to add a little sweet element 24:28.966 --> 24:31.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% at a time to the acidic flavor of the vinegar 24:31.433 --> 24:33.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% until you find your perfect balance. 24:33.866 --> 24:37.066 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Then salt to taste all things in balance, right Max? 24:37.066 --> 24:38.566 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Yep. 24:38.566 --> 24:40.600 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Like how I'm sweet and you're sour and sassy, right, mom. 24:40.600 --> 24:41.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% - Exactly. (chuckles) 24:41.800 --> 24:42.833 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Thank you. 24:42.833 --> 24:44.233 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% So moving along. 24:44.233 --> 24:46.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% After harvesting these wonderful winter 24:46.333 --> 24:47.800 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% and early spring greens, 24:47.800 --> 24:50.500 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% we washed them and tore them into bite sized pieces. 24:50.500 --> 24:52.866 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Then combine them in the salad bowl. 24:52.866 --> 24:56.333 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Next we will add our pecans for some crunch. 24:59.833 --> 25:01.700 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% The Parmesan cheese, 25:03.933 --> 25:07.033 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60% and we will also add our carrots. 25:08.733 --> 25:11.266 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Carrots, and radishes 25:11.266 --> 25:15.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that my mom forgot for color and spice. 25:15.133 --> 25:16.600 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Okay. 25:16.600 --> 25:19.800 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Once we toss all of these gorgeous ingredients together, 25:19.800 --> 25:21.766 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% we can add our balsamic reduction. 25:24.900 --> 25:28.066 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In this recipe, we're not using any extra oil. 25:28.066 --> 25:30.533 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% You could certainly add olive oil if you wished. 25:30.533 --> 25:32.733 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - You could add chicken or salmon too. 25:32.733 --> 25:34.666 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% We also had this with some tortellini 25:34.666 --> 25:37.033 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with tomato sauce that I made the other night. 25:37.033 --> 25:39.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Oh, that was an amazing meal Max. 25:39.500 --> 25:41.566 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% I like to add a little bit of cracked pepper 25:41.566 --> 25:43.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and maybe a pinch of sea salt 25:43.033 --> 25:46.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and you're ready to enjoy this wonderful salad. 25:46.033 --> 25:48.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% For the recipes on growing the vegetables 25:48.133 --> 25:50.700 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% we have used today, please check out my blog. 25:50.700 --> 25:52.900 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% This has been Molly, your rebel horticulturist. 25:52.900 --> 25:54.133 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60% - And Max. 25:54.133 --> 25:55.433 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Reminding you to know the rules 25:55.433 --> 25:56.800 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% so you can break them well. 25:56.800 --> 25:59.033 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - Maybe not all of them Mom. 25:59.033 --> 26:00.600 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Bye. 26:00.600 --> 26:02.466 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% - Find out more and watch online 26:02.466 --> 26:04.833 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% at centraltexasgardener.org. 26:04.833 --> 26:08.133 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Until next time, adopt the pace of nature, 26:08.133 --> 26:10.200 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% her secret is patience. 26:10.200 --> 26:12.800 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% (upbeat music) 26:38.133 --> 26:39.866 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [Narrator] Central Texas Gardener is made possible 26:39.866 --> 26:42.366 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% by generous support from Lisa and Desi Rhoden. 26:42.366 --> 26:43.200 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% Thank you.