WEBVTT 00:00.964 --> 00:03.964 America's Heartland is made possible by. 00:03.964 --> 00:09.364 They make up a small part of our population. 00:09.364 --> 00:12.864 But have a huge impact on our lives. 00:12.864 --> 00:16.031 They take business risks that few others would tolerate 00:16.031 --> 00:17.931 all on our behalf. 00:17.931 --> 00:22.798 They're American farmers who feed, fuel and clothe the world. 00:22.798 --> 00:26.931 Monsanto would like to recognize them for all they do, 00:26.931 --> 00:30.564 for the rest of us, because ultimately our success and 00:30.564 --> 00:34.464 everyone else's depends on theirs 00:34.464 --> 00:37.764 and by the American Farm Bureau Federation - 00:37.764 --> 00:41.898 the voice of agriculture. 00:41.898 --> 00:43.031 Coming up: 00:43.031 --> 00:45.031 An American cattle ranch as big as a  state . 00:45.031 --> 00:48.864 The "sweet" side of the great Iowa corn harvest. 00:48.864 --> 00:51.098 And what's farming without   land  ? 00:51.098 --> 00:53.331 One  colorful fish story. 00:53.331 --> 00:56.464 Next, on America's Heartland. 00:56.464 --> 01:02.664 ♪You can see it in the eyes of every woman and man♪ 01:02.664 --> 01:08.831 ♪In America's Heartland living close to the land♪ 01:08.831 --> 01:14.731 ♪There's a love for the country and a pride in the brand♪ 01:14.731 --> 01:25.298 ♪In America's Heartland living close, close to the land♪ 01:25.298 --> 01:32.898 ♪In America's Heartland♪ 01:32.898 --> 01:34.698 Hello and welcome to America's Heartland. 01:34.698 --> 01:36.298 I'm Paul Ryan. 01:36.298 --> 01:39.331 As a nation we're often fascinated and impressed 01:39.331 --> 01:42.831 by the exceptional, the unique. the best and the biggest. 01:42.831 --> 01:44.831 That's why I hope you'll get a kick out of this edition of 01:44.831 --> 01:47.531 America's Heartland. because we've discovered some of 01:47.531 --> 01:49.564 agriculture's "biggest" stories. 01:49.564 --> 01:51.998 Let's start with the nation's biggest cattle ranch. 01:51.998 --> 01:54.131 It's also one of the most historic 01:54.131 --> 01:55.831 located in south Texas 01:55.831 --> 01:59.031 where generations of two very different cultures 01:59.031 --> 02:02.698 grew together into one big family. 02:02.698 --> 02:06.631 ♪ 02:06.631 --> 02:09.298 I've actually been on the payroll for sixty-five years. 02:09.298 --> 02:12.931 Spend a day with Beto Maldonado, and you'll feel like you're back 02:12.931 --> 02:16.164 in the Old West. to the days when Texas cattle barons 02:16.164 --> 02:19.298 owned land as far as the eye could see. 02:19.298 --> 02:23.231 When dusty cowboys led huge cattle drives across dry desert 02:23.231 --> 02:25.098 and endless plain. 02:25.098 --> 02:27.398 Beto tells the tale of the King Ranch. 02:27.398 --> 02:31.864 825-thousand acres in the heart of south Texas. 02:31.864 --> 02:34.698 The largest working cattle ranch in the U-S. 02:34.698 --> 02:36.964 Bigger than the state of Rhode Island. 02:36.964 --> 02:40.998 And a place where employees. tend to stick around. 02:40.998 --> 02:43.564 These are good people to work for. 02:43.564 --> 02:46.464 I was born and raised here, and you don't want to go anywheres else. 02:46.464 --> 02:49.331 Beto started work here 65 years ago, 02:49.331 --> 02:51.864 milking cows when he was 10 years old. 02:51.864 --> 02:54.664 Later, he worked in the veterinary division. and now 02:54.664 --> 02:58.764 spends his golden years as a tour guide on the ranch. 02:58.764 --> 03:02.098 In this era of consolidation and corporate acquisition, 03:02.098 --> 03:05.898 Beto says the King Ranch is a throwback to the old days. 03:05.898 --> 03:08.464 it remains largely in the hands of the same family 03:08.464 --> 03:11.364 that started it 150 years ago. 03:11.364 --> 03:15.698 My predictions to King ranch is they did a hundred and fity 03:15.698 --> 03:19.131 years of ranching and I think they're going to try to do 03:19.131 --> 03:20.731 another hundred. 03:20.731 --> 03:24.364 It was Richard King who started it all in 1853. 03:24.364 --> 03:27.098 The Missouri native took his profits from a thriving 03:27.098 --> 03:30.064 steamboat company to buy 15-thousand acres of untamed 03:30.064 --> 03:34.064 land along south Texas' Santa Gertrudis creek. 03:34.064 --> 03:36.164 He married and started a family. 03:36.164 --> 03:38.464 and crossed the Mexican border to buy cattle 03:38.464 --> 03:40.831 from a small impoverished village. 03:40.831 --> 03:43.498 He bought the cattle. then invited the entire village 03:43.498 --> 03:45.531 to come work for him. 03:45.531 --> 03:48.664 The hundred or so villagers who accepted the offer came to be 03:48.664 --> 03:50.131 known as "Kinenos".. 03:50.131 --> 03:52.498 Spanish for "King's Men". 03:52.498 --> 03:55.664 It was a working relationship, based on mutual friendship and 03:55.664 --> 03:59.564 respect, that's continued for seven generations. 03:59.564 --> 04:01.398 we also worked together as a family, 04:01.398 --> 04:06.931 owners and employees Alberto "Lolo" Trevino is a vaquero, 04:06.931 --> 04:10.764 a Mexican cowboy, and a fifth generation Kineno. 04:10.764 --> 04:14.731 He started training horses in 1940, at age ten. 04:14.731 --> 04:18.664 The life of a cowboy is being happy all the time. 04:18.664 --> 04:21.164 If you have worries, leave them at home. 04:21.164 --> 04:24.231 Soon, there were several hundred kinenos looking after close to 04:24.231 --> 04:26.831 100-thousand head of cattle. 04:26.831 --> 04:30.098 In the 1860's and 70's they drove 30-thousand 04:30.098 --> 04:33.864 Texas longhorns a thousand miles to northern markets. 04:33.864 --> 04:36.398 Later the ranch would develop its own breed called 04:36.398 --> 04:38.264 the Santa Gertrudis. 04:38.264 --> 04:41.631 the first truly American breed of beef cattle. 04:41.631 --> 04:44.298 Though Richard King started and expanded the ranch, 04:44.298 --> 04:47.098 it was his descendants who helped it thrive. 04:47.098 --> 04:50.431 His widow Henrietta King and son-in-law Robert Kleberg 04:50.431 --> 04:52.531 tapped the first artesian wells 04:52.531 --> 04:56.198 to bring irrigation to the parched land. 04:56.198 --> 04:59.831 The pair helped build the first railroad in south Texas. 04:59.831 --> 05:02.764 Mrs. King donated 45-thousand acres 05:02.764 --> 05:04.731 to start the town of Kingsville. 05:04.731 --> 05:07.731 They expanded their land holdings to 1-point-two million 05:07.731 --> 05:11.331 acres, and planted thousands of acres of cotton 05:11.331 --> 05:13.831 and a feed grain called milo. 05:13.831 --> 05:18.131 Today Two thousand miles of fencing enclose its pastures. 05:18.131 --> 05:23.031 The King family's third generation, sons Robert J. and Richard Kleberg, 05:23.031 --> 05:27.431 developed new cattle breeds and started raising thoroughbred horses. 05:27.431 --> 05:30.898 Successes included a Triple Crown winner. Assault, 05:30.898 --> 05:33.531 who won it all in 1946. 05:33.531 --> 05:36.698 King Ranch is both a National Historic Landmark and a popular 05:36.698 --> 05:38.698 tourist attraction. 05:38.698 --> 05:40.864 It's got its own museum in Kingsville, 05:40.864 --> 05:44.598 showing off everything from an old chuckwagon and saddles 05:44.598 --> 05:47.998 to the 1948 custom Buick convertible once used for 05:47.998 --> 05:49.731 hunting wildlife. 05:49.731 --> 05:53.331 Bus tours of the ranch leave city slickers pretty impressed. 05:53.331 --> 05:56.531 I was just awestruck with it, it's so big It just 05:56.531 --> 05:58.231 blew us away, the size of it. 05:58.231 --> 06:01.198 Maybe you'll get to meet a cowboy like Rick Falcon 06:01.198 --> 06:03.731 a fourth generation Kineno. 06:03.731 --> 06:07.098 He and his pardners still manage close to 60-thousand cattle. 06:07.098 --> 06:09.564 and cherish the life they've chosen. 06:09.564 --> 06:11.198 I don't think I could sit in an office. 06:11.198 --> 06:12.731 My office is my truck. 06:12.731 --> 06:22.464 I love it out here, this is where I like to be. 06:22.464 --> 06:26.064 Some of the people that are buried there are people that I 06:26.064 --> 06:28.931 knew and love a lot. 06:28.931 --> 06:32.631 and the way that I look at it, it has been a big family. 06:32.631 --> 06:35.298 Members of the King family and the Kinenos, 06:35.298 --> 06:41.064 we all work together and get it done that way. 06:41.064 --> 06:43.964 I think it's going to be an ongoing deal, because my boy, 06:43.964 --> 06:48.831 he's 12 years old, he's working out here and he loves it. 06:48.831 --> 06:55.731 There's always room for more cowboys. 06:55.731 --> 07:00.498 The prize for the worlds largest cattle ranch goes to the land down under. 07:00.498 --> 07:03.931 Anna creek station covers six million acres 07:03.931 --> 07:06.598 larger than the state of Maryland 07:06.598 --> 07:10.131 but that vast ranch is home to a modest thirteen thousand 07:10.131 --> 07:14.664 head of cattle and only about twenty people. 07:14.664 --> 07:18.464 The worlds as well as America's biggest crop not surprisingly is 07:18.464 --> 07:22.564 Corn and one variety of corn provides a delicious side dish 07:22.564 --> 07:24.364 to our popular barbeque 07:24.364 --> 07:27.664 Jason Shoultz now travels to his home state of Iowa 07:27.664 --> 07:30.864 where he discovers how summer sweet corn travels 07:30.864 --> 07:36.898 fresh from field to market. 07:36.898 --> 07:39.464 As the sun rises on Central Iowa. 07:39.464 --> 07:41.631 the quiet can be deceiving. 07:41.631 --> 07:50.531 Look closer. ♪ 07:50.531 --> 07:54.698 Hidden among the rows of towering corn stalks. 07:54.698 --> 08:03.531 is the frantic morning ritual of the summer sweet corn harvest. 08:03.531 --> 08:10.731 Row by row...farm workers look for the best ears of corn. 08:10.731 --> 08:14.431 And not far away. another hunt for the sweetest corn, 08:14.431 --> 08:17.231 by Iowans like Linda Bergstrom. 08:17.231 --> 08:19.964 I've lived in lots of states where there has been corn, 08:19.964 --> 08:21.664 and Iowa just does it different. I don't know why. 08:21.664 --> 08:23.731 But it's the best corn 08:23.731 --> 08:27.431 For many, roadside stands like this one near Des Moines 08:27.431 --> 08:30.798 are the place to find that homegrown corn. 08:30.798 --> 08:32.631 That's one reason why I stop at the roadsides. 08:32.631 --> 08:34.764 I assume that they are going to pick it that morning 08:34.764 --> 08:36.464 and bring it out fresh. 08:36.464 --> 08:37.998 Linda Bergstrom was right. 08:37.998 --> 08:40.464 Like roadside stands all across the state, 08:40.464 --> 08:43.831 that corn she bought was picked just hours earlier right here 08:43.831 --> 08:46.898 at this Central Iowa farm - a few miles away 08:46.898 --> 08:48.864 I love the sweet corn business. 08:48.864 --> 08:51.031 I never get tired of eating sweet corn. 08:51.031 --> 08:54.398 It's something that I'm always trying to improve 08:54.398 --> 08:57.398 Behind the scenes of the field to table process, 08:57.398 --> 08:59.864 are farmers like Ron Deardorff. 08:59.864 --> 09:03.464 38 years ago Deardorff started growing traditional crops like 09:03.464 --> 09:05.731 soybeans and field corn. 09:05.731 --> 09:08.931 That's the corn that can be found on farms across the state 09:08.931 --> 09:11.431 - not for eating, but used in grain processing 09:11.431 --> 09:13.664 and as animal feed. 09:13.664 --> 09:17.898 In 1985 Deardorff experimented with sweet corn  . 09:17.898 --> 09:21.164 We just planted a fourth of an acre, 09:21.164 --> 09:24.498 three different varieties so it matured at different times. 09:24.498 --> 09:26.931 Put an ad in the paper. 09:26.931 --> 09:29.331 Sold a little corn and People would come out to the farm and 09:29.331 --> 09:31.064 get some, you know. 09:31.064 --> 09:35.864 Today, Iowans don't come to Deardorff's farm for corn. 09:35.864 --> 09:39.664 he delivers it to them! 09:39.664 --> 09:42.898 In early July -- weeks before Iowa's field corn harvest is 09:42.898 --> 09:47.198 underway, Ron Deardorff is picking and selling sweet corn 09:47.198 --> 09:50.698 about 18-thousand ears of his sweet corn to vendors 09:50.698 --> 09:55.898 and area grocery stores. a day! 09:55.898 --> 09:58.864 We pick it in the morning, start at 6, 09:58.864 --> 10:02.098 usually the trucks are on the road by ten, 10:02.098 --> 10:05.264 going to the stores in the Des Moines metro area. 10:05.264 --> 10:09.364 They are getting corn just hours old What makes sweet corn 10:09.364 --> 10:14.198 different from "regular" corn is its much higher sugar content. 10:14.198 --> 10:18.164 To preserve that fresh, sweet taste - timing is critical. 10:18.164 --> 10:21.131 You can pick it too early, where it hasn't developed and doesn't 10:21.131 --> 10:22.864 have the flavor yet. 10:22.864 --> 10:24.864 Or you can pick it too late, where it's too big, 10:24.864 --> 10:28.964 getting tough, sugar is turning to starch and it's not sweet. 10:28.964 --> 10:31.464 So, finding that optimum window in the  middle. 10:31.464 --> 10:34.564 That's very important  . 10:34.564 --> 10:38.064 And once picking gets underway - it's not about timing. 10:38.064 --> 10:40.098 It's about speed! 10:40.098 --> 10:41.564 That starts in the field. 10:41.564 --> 10:43.664 where the picked corn goes into buckets. 10:43.664 --> 10:46.764 and from the buckets to burlap sacks on the wagon. 10:46.764 --> 10:50.764   So when it comes up from the field, it's all been sorted, 10:50.764 --> 10:57.531 counted and bagged. 10:57.531 --> 11:00.898 Ron Deardorff relies heavily on hired help to take on this 11:00.898 --> 11:03.064 labor-intensive daily effort. 11:03.064 --> 11:05.164 After the pickers come in from the field, 11:05.164 --> 11:08.798 it's up to drivers like Mark Mills and Dwight Sage. 11:08.798 --> 11:11.964   YOU WILL TAKE CARE    OF THE SOUTH SIDE, EAST SIDE 11:11.964 --> 11:14.498 These long-time farm workers make sure that the bags 11:14.498 --> 11:17.498 of corn make it to Des Moines grocery stores before 11:17.498 --> 11:20.164 yesterday's supply is gone! 11:20.164 --> 11:23.398  HI JIM, THIS IS BECKY DEARDORFF,    HOW ARE YOU DOING TODAY 11:23.398 --> 11:27.831 Ron's wife Becky's work filling orders completes this family operation. 11:27.831 --> 11:31.631 he says there's no secret to his success: just timing, 11:31.631 --> 11:34.931 picking the right corn variety to plant, and hard work. 11:34.931 --> 11:39.431 We guarantee quality, so if there are any problems, 11:39.431 --> 11:43.564 once in a while there is, you can't avoid it with the weather 11:43.564 --> 11:44.964 and everything. 11:44.964 --> 11:46.531 We always make it right  . 11:46.531 --> 11:48.564 And with his name on the product. 11:48.564 --> 11:51.198 Ron Deardorff can't afford not to. 11:51.198 --> 11:53.564 And even if they don't know exactly where it grows - 11:53.564 --> 11:56.264 Iowa's corn consumers tend to agree. 11:56.264 --> 11:57.931 It's just sweeter. 11:57.931 --> 11:59.898 I don't know how to explain it. 11:59.898 --> 12:05.698 It's completely different. 12:05.698 --> 12:08.698 The State of Iowa has produced America's largest corn crop each 12:08.698 --> 12:11.431 year for the past decade. 12:11.431 --> 12:13.931 But in a recent harvest of 11 point-nine million 12:13.931 --> 12:15.364 acres of corn, 12:15.364 --> 12:17.464 less than five thousand acres were planted 12:17.464 --> 12:20.564 in that tasty sweet corn. 12:20.564 --> 12:23.364 It's the stuff of childhood memories - trout fishing 12:23.364 --> 12:26.464 with dad, with mom or with some other adult. 12:26.464 --> 12:29.431 That time-honored tradition is now big business along Idaho's 12:29.431 --> 12:31.331 Snake River Canyon. 12:31.331 --> 12:33.598 That's where we found America's biggest trout farm. 12:33.598 --> 12:35.831 where visitors can watch millions of "rainbows" 12:35.831 --> 12:39.431 grow from egg to entrée. 12:39.431 --> 12:40.831 The rainbow trout. 12:40.831 --> 12:44.131 Long a symbol for outdoor life, pure mountain streams. 12:44.131 --> 12:48.398 dining by a campfire. 12:48.398 --> 12:51.998 But solitary fly fishermen can't bring this distinctly American 12:51.998 --> 12:55.898 delicacy to your supermarket or your favorite restaurant. 12:55.898 --> 13:00.098 rainbow trout is a game fish and in all states it's treated as 13:00.098 --> 13:03.931 such, so you can't go out and harvest public waters 13:03.931 --> 13:05.598 for rainbow trout. 13:05.598 --> 13:09.131 Getting a rainbow to the table involves people like this. 13:09.131 --> 13:10.864 And they work around this scenic, 13:10.864 --> 13:14.364 arid stretch of south central Idaho. Why? 13:14.364 --> 13:17.731 Well, to begin with - a river runs through it. 13:17.731 --> 13:21.498 we (want to) use the water that we get from this wonderful 13:21.498 --> 13:25.064 natural resource, this Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer. 13:25.064 --> 13:28.631 We borrow the water, it's not used consumptively, 13:28.631 --> 13:31.098 but then it is released in the Snake River. 13:31.098 --> 13:33.831 Entrepeneurs began farming rainbow trout in California 13:33.831 --> 13:35.864 just after the Civil War. 13:35.864 --> 13:38.431 But the industry grew up here in Idaho- 13:38.431 --> 13:40.931 a few miles west of Twin Falls. 13:40.931 --> 13:43.831 It's the ancestral home of this colorful fish - 13:43.831 --> 13:45.898 now a world traveler. 13:45.898 --> 13:48.931 Rainbow trout is native to the Pacific Northwest. 13:48.931 --> 13:51.931 It's now been shipped throughout the world. 13:51.931 --> 13:55.764 For farming purposes, it's been stocked in public waters 13:55.764 --> 13:58.598 certainly in the United States, but also in other countries. 13:58.598 --> 14:02.631 Now, Larry Cope and Randy MacMillan's Clear Springs Foods 14:02.631 --> 14:05.431 is the biggest trout farming business in the country. 14:05.431 --> 14:09.164 Its annual output: 20-million pounds of genuine 14:09.164 --> 14:11.031 Idaho rainbows. 14:11.031 --> 14:13.631 Clear Springs controls the cultivation of these delicate 14:13.631 --> 14:16.998 creatures from the nurturing of eggs through their minimum two 14:16.998 --> 14:19.898 or more-year development into well-fed adults. 14:19.898 --> 14:23.831 The four areas that we focus on are environmental science, 14:23.831 --> 14:26.431 fish health management, root stock development, 14:26.431 --> 14:31.898 selecting breeding of fish, nutrition and fish culture 14:31.898 --> 14:34.631 the less stress that the fish are exposed to 14:34.631 --> 14:36.831 the better they're going to perform, 14:36.831 --> 14:40.798 the more consistent the quality of the fish is going to be. 14:40.798 --> 14:42.864 It's a complex process. 14:42.864 --> 14:45.198 Randy MacMillan's team of scientists and laboratory 14:45.198 --> 14:50.364 technicians monitor water. food. growth rates. even behavior to 14:50.364 --> 14:56.498 produce the kind of fish they want and diners love. 14:56.498 --> 14:59.531 Clear Springs and other trout farms in the area benefit from 14:59.531 --> 15:01.664 two surprising facts. 15:01.664 --> 15:05.498 First having been bred for more than a century farmed rainbow 15:05.498 --> 15:09.364 trout defy the images we have of their wild bretheron. 15:09.364 --> 15:12.264   the domestic rainbow trout    is a very placid animal, 15:12.264 --> 15:15.064   it's not quite as    placid as a cow, 15:15.064 --> 15:18.198   but it's approaching that and    it's kind of like 15:18.198 --> 15:21.464   a domesticated chicken in some    respects. 15:21.464 --> 15:23.498 Second, there's the water. 15:23.498 --> 15:25.931 Not much comes from the sky around here. 15:25.931 --> 15:29.398 The best stuff doesn't even come from the river. 15:29.398 --> 15:32.998 It comes right out of the walls of the Snake River canyon. 15:32.998 --> 15:35.831 That water that filters down through the aquifer through the 15:35.831 --> 15:38.898 ground, it gets cleaned up if there's any cleaning that need 15:38.898 --> 15:42.764 to be done and then it's tempered to that ideal 15:42.764 --> 15:46.431 temperature for the rainbow trout . a very unique situation 15:46.431 --> 15:48.864 that you won't find any place else in the world. 15:48.864 --> 15:52.164 And this is the  only natural water acceptable to the docile 15:52.164 --> 15:54.264 but picky farm trout. 15:54.264 --> 15:56.464 But the trout have competition. 15:56.464 --> 15:59.031 Idaho's growing farms are tapping deeply 15:59.031 --> 16:01.398 into the precious aquifer. 16:01.398 --> 16:05.631 we're working really diligently with our state government and 16:05.631 --> 16:09.464 with water users to find ways that we can better manage the 16:09.464 --> 16:13.964 resources into the future . because water is the resource 16:13.964 --> 16:15.964 that we all thrive on. 16:15.964 --> 16:17.131 That's why we are here. 16:17.131 --> 16:20.031 We live in a desert, but we need the water. 16:20.031 --> 16:22.331 That may be one of the few concerns these trout farmers 16:22.331 --> 16:24.198 share with farmers everywhere else. 16:24.198 --> 16:29.664 Poor water or no water means - no "crop." 16:29.664 --> 16:33.698 A poor option for this unusual outpost of agriculture. 16:33.698 --> 16:36.131 Not an option at all for these favorites of our 16:36.131 --> 16:39.964 outdoor playgrounds. and plates. 16:39.964 --> 16:41.864 The American rainbow trout and its brother, 16:41.864 --> 16:44.631 the seagoing rainbow trout called steelhead, 16:44.631 --> 16:47.031 are an international delicacy. 16:47.031 --> 16:49.198 They're now farmed on six continents - 16:49.198 --> 16:52.298 even in the Hawaiian Islands. 16:52.298 --> 16:56.131 It's a peaceful scene cows lazily grazing in the field! 16:56.131 --> 16:58.464 Well, that's not always true for the cattle rancher - 16:58.464 --> 17:00.464 the darn things have a habit of getting lost, 17:00.464 --> 17:02.331 or grazing where they shouldn't. 17:02.331 --> 17:05.364 Now, science and satellites are stepping in to help those 17:05.364 --> 17:15.631 lil' doggies get along. 17:15.631 --> 17:17.964 Oh they look like they're behavin'! 17:17.964 --> 17:21.531 Look at that nice bunch of cows. 17:21.531 --> 17:24.331 HERE ON THE MCDOUGALD RANCH IN MADERA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, 17:24.331 --> 17:28.164 4-WHEELERS REPLACED HORSES A FEW YEARS BACK. 17:28.164 --> 17:30.731 NOW IT'S TIME FOR ANOTHER INNOVATION. 17:30.731 --> 17:33.931 I think the younger generation in the livestock industry are 17:33.931 --> 17:36.698 going to pay more and more attention to the environment, 17:36.698 --> 17:41.964 then let's say my dad did or his granddad. 17:41.964 --> 17:44.698 TODAY, THE "RANCH HANDS" INCLUDE KELLY SMITH, 17:44.698 --> 17:47.664 A FIELD RESEARCHER FROM OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY. 17:47.664 --> 17:49.898 SHE'S BROUGHT WITH HER THE LATEST IN HIGH-TECH FASHION 17:49.898 --> 17:54.031 ACCESSORIES FOR BOVINES THAT ARE GOING PLACES. 17:54.031 --> 17:57.098 This is a GPS unit. 17:57.098 --> 17:59.398 You can put this on livestock or wildlife. 17:59.398 --> 18:03.298 And how it works is there's a GPS unit inside of the receptor 18:03.298 --> 18:05.164 unit on the bottom. 18:05.164 --> 18:09.131 This is connected by a wire to an antenna on the top of the 18:09.131 --> 18:12.998 collar, which can record location. 18:12.998 --> 18:16.398 This one will be recording every 15 minutes. 18:16.398 --> 18:17.531 You just stick them on the cow. 18:17.531 --> 18:19.898 And they stay on a month to a month and a half there 18:19.898 --> 18:24.231 monitoring their locations. 18:24.231 --> 18:26.831 A SMALL TRANSPONDER ON THE COLLAR RECORDS EXACTLY 18:26.831 --> 18:28.631 WHERE THE COWS ARE GOING. 18:28.631 --> 18:31.531 THEY USE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM -- OR GPS - TECHNOLOGY 18:31.531 --> 18:34.098 TO TRACK INDIVIDUAL COWS. 18:34.098 --> 18:36.264 JUST LIKE FOLKS USE IN THEIR CARS 18:36.264 --> 18:37.731 TO FIND THEIR WAY AROUND TOWN. 18:37.731 --> 18:41.131 "627 is the collar number" 18:41.131 --> 18:43.331 BECAUSE THEY'RE TRACKING THE COWS BY SATELLITE, 18:43.331 --> 18:46.231 THE PROJECT HAS EARNED A SPECIAL NAME AMONG RESEARCHERS. 18:46.231 --> 18:48.731 moo! 18:48.731 --> 18:53.031 'Cows in Space' is the name some people have put on it. 18:53.031 --> 18:55.798 moo! 18:55.798 --> 18:57.564 I can put this data on 18:57.564 --> 18:59.764 Yeah, why don't you put that data on there? 18:59.764 --> 19:02.064 MEL GEORGE RUNS THE STUDY FROM HIS LAB 19:02.064 --> 19:05.098 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA--DAVIS. 19:05.098 --> 19:07.098 USING DATA FROM THE GPS COLLARS, 19:07.098 --> 19:10.898 GEORGE AND HIS ASSOCIATE DAVID CAO DIFFERENT SPELLING 19:10.898 --> 19:13.698 CAN PECISELY MAP EACH ANIMAL'S MOVEMENTS, 19:13.698 --> 19:17.031 AS WELL AS TEMPERATURE CHANGES-- AND EVEN WHEN THE COW IS EATING. 19:17.031 --> 19:20.864 EACH COLOR DOT REPRESENTS A SINGLE COW'S TRAVELS. 19:20.864 --> 19:24.131 And that's the crux of this study - is to understand why the 19:24.131 --> 19:28.164 cows go where they go and what they're responding to out there 19:28.164 --> 19:31.998 - both physical and biological characteristics of a pasture. 19:31.998 --> 19:36.098 SUMMERTIME TEMPERATURES CAN EASILY HIT TRPLE DIGITS OUT HERE 19:36.098 --> 19:40.264 AND WITH SHADE IN SHORT SUPPLY, THE COWS WILL ESCAPE ANY WAY 19:40.264 --> 19:42.564 THEY CAN-SOMETIMES TAKING REFUGE IN STREAM BEDS. 19:42.564 --> 19:46.064 ONCE THERE, THEY CAN CHEW UP THE STREAMSIDE VEGETATION or trample 19:46.064 --> 19:49.231 it - THAT LEADS TO EROSION AND HABITAT LOSS. 19:49.231 --> 19:53.164 AND OF COURSE THEY ALSO LEAVE BEHIND SOMETHING ELSE 19:53.164 --> 19:55.764 THAT DOESN'T EXACTLY enhance WATER QUALITY. 19:55.764 --> 19:59.131 California especially right now is having a lot of questions 19:59.131 --> 20:00.831 about water quality. 20:00.831 --> 20:03.998 And by us understanding cattle behavior, 20:03.998 --> 20:06.798 we can then understand ways to possibly manipulate 20:06.798 --> 20:09.398 what their actions are. 20:09.398 --> 20:13.231 Like creating shade areas away from streams or luring cows to 20:13.231 --> 20:16.831 higher ground with forage and dietary supplements 20:16.831 --> 20:20.998 salt licks or a molasses mix that the researchers call cow candy. 20:20.998 --> 20:23.598 you know, there are some things that we're learning in this 20:23.598 --> 20:25.398 study - that just the placement of a supplement tank, 20:25.398 --> 20:27.764 the movement of a water trough, you know, 20:27.764 --> 20:30.798 the season of the year that you graze a pasture, 20:30.798 --> 20:32.764 all can effect water quality. 20:32.764 --> 20:35.698 And those are easy things to incorporate in what we do. 20:35.698 --> 20:38.498 It's the way things change and how time moves. 20:38.498 --> 20:41.231 And if we're gonna stay in this business we're gonna have to be 20:41.231 --> 20:44.564 able to address those issues and concerns of other people. 20:44.564 --> 20:47.198 We're strong private property advocates, 20:47.198 --> 20:48.464 and we believe in that, 20:48.464 --> 20:55.064 but we also believe we have to be good neighbors. 20:55.064 --> 20:57.464 During a day in the sun, the family cow develops 20:57.464 --> 20:59.698 a king-sized thirst. 20:59.698 --> 21:03.831 One cow may drink as many as thirty gallons of water per day 21:03.831 --> 21:09.364 - often all at once, and within a span of minutes! 21:09.364 --> 21:11.798 Well let's wrap up this edition of America's Heartland with a 21:11.798 --> 21:14.798 visit to one of our favorite fast food places but not for a 21:14.798 --> 21:19.331 snack this is more of a shrine and a huge tourist attraction 21:19.331 --> 21:22.331 Jason now visits the old Kentucky home of a famous 21:22.331 --> 21:27.331 colonel who found success, late in life with a secret recipe. 21:27.331 --> 21:28.498 Paul, he was a Southern gentleman 21:28.498 --> 21:31.031 who made his fortune late in life. 21:31.031 --> 21:34.331 An elderly Horatio Alger; he used charm, persistence, 21:34.331 --> 21:38.098 and a secret recipe to build his fast food empire. 21:38.098 --> 21:41.598 And today, thousands of tourists pay homage to Colonel Sanders by 21:41.598 --> 21:47.398 visiting the modest restaurant where it all began. 21:47.398 --> 21:51.098 Wanda and Tim Holloway and their grandson stopped in at this 21:51.098 --> 21:55.231 Kentucky Fried Chicken. not just to grab a quick lunch. but to 21:55.231 --> 22:00.664 consume a unique slice of Southern culture. 22:00.664 --> 22:03.431 It's a full meal of memorabilia 22:03.431 --> 22:06.364 from Kentucky's most famous citizen. 22:06.364 --> 22:08.898 I think it's probably an institution in the South 22:08.898 --> 22:10.931 you know fried chicken! 22:10.931 --> 22:14.331 That institution is the Sanders Café - the first 22:14.331 --> 22:18.531 restaurant operated by Colonel Harlan Sanders decades before he 22:18.531 --> 22:22.364 helped create one of the world's largest fast food empires. 22:22.364 --> 22:25.231 Visitors to the little town of London, Kentucky 22:25.231 --> 22:28.331 can step back in time to 1940. when the Colonel 22:28.331 --> 22:30.831 first opened this modest restaurant 22:30.831 --> 22:34.064 alongside the Sanders Court Motel. 22:34.064 --> 22:37.364 Colonel Sanders He knew how to market things 22:37.364 --> 22:39.998 Lawrence Kuhl is a longtime London resident 22:39.998 --> 22:42.864 and one of the town's unofficial historians. 22:42.864 --> 22:45.698 He says Colonel Sanders' genius showed early on, 22:45.698 --> 22:48.264 when he recognized that when families traveled, 22:48.264 --> 22:52.464 it was usually Mom who decided where they'd stay for the night. 22:52.464 --> 22:54.198 The mother would always say, I want the key, 22:54.198 --> 22:57.264 I want to look inside those rooms because back in those 22:57.264 --> 23:01.231 early days the motels didn't have a very good reputation. 23:01.231 --> 23:05.064 So what Colonel Sanders did, he went ahead and built a model 23:05.064 --> 23:08.864 motel room in this restaurant right here. 23:08.864 --> 23:11.831 By seeing a sample room right inside the restaurant, 23:11.831 --> 23:15.331 Mom could then rest assured the Colonel's motel next door 23:15.331 --> 23:17.231 was safe and clean. 23:17.231 --> 23:18.764 That's the kind of selling savvy 23:18.764 --> 23:21.098 Sanders showed throughout his life. 23:21.098 --> 23:24.264 His career included everything from railroad fireman to 23:24.264 --> 23:28.731 political candidate; steamboat operator to insurance salesman. 23:28.731 --> 23:30.698 As the oldest son of a young widow, 23:30.698 --> 23:33.931 he was cooking for his family by age seven, 23:33.931 --> 23:38.431 and later used those culinary skills to open his first café. 23:38.431 --> 23:42.098 What was originally a breakfast place evolved into a restaurant 23:42.098 --> 23:44.464 renowned for fried chicken. 23:44.464 --> 23:48.631 I don't think anybody knows what his recipe was for frying the 23:48.631 --> 23:52.331 chicken, but it was always very tasty.. and he would treat you 23:52.331 --> 23:54.331 right and always have good food for you to eat, 23:54.331 --> 23:56.464 and everyone likes to eat, you know. 23:56.464 --> 23:59.398 But Sanders' fortunes turned in the early 1950's, 23:59.398 --> 24:01.998 when a new interstate bypassed the town. 24:01.998 --> 24:04.531 He sold the motel and the restaurant but kept his secret 24:04.531 --> 24:07.431 recipe, traveling across the country 24:07.431 --> 24:09.464 pitching it to restaurant owners. 24:09.464 --> 24:16.964 In 1964, at age 74, Sanders sold his 600 franchises 24:16.964 --> 24:19.864 and became a millionaire. 24:19.864 --> 24:21.331 Sanders was a pioneer, 24:21.331 --> 24:24.564 maybe other people after coming here will get the same 24:24.564 --> 24:29.398 attitude, instead of sitting around after they've retired, 24:29.398 --> 24:32.231 go on to greater things. 24:32.231 --> 24:34.364 So next time you're in London, Kentucky, 24:34.364 --> 24:36.931 stop in for a bite "where it all began". 24:36.931 --> 24:39.831 It's a chance to learn more about a man whose life embodies 24:39.831 --> 24:42.031 some of our best values. 24:42.031 --> 24:45.031 A courtly white-suited gentleman who combined hard work, 24:45.031 --> 24:47.298 perseverance, a sense of fairness 24:47.298 --> 24:49.731 and a little Kentucky charm to find success 24:49.731 --> 24:53.798 in his golden years. 24:53.798 --> 24:58.398 Thanks for joining us. 24:58.398 --> 24:59.664 We hope you'll come along again next time when we discover more 24:59.664 --> 25:02.431 great farms, families, and their fascinating stories. in 25:02.431 --> 25:04.331 America's Heartland. 25:04.331 --> 25:07.831 'till then, I'm Paul Ryan take care. 25:07.831 --> 25:11.398 To learn more about this edition of America's Heartland, 25:11.398 --> 25:14.131 or to give us your feedback, visit 25:16.764 --> 25:19.098 To order a copy of this broadcast, 25:19.098 --> 25:24.964 visit us online or call 25:32.198 --> 25:38.431 ♪You can see it in the eyes of every woman and man♪ 25:38.431 --> 25:44.398 ♪In America's Heartland living close to the land♪ 25:44.398 --> 25:50.331 ♪There's a love for the country and a pride in the brand♪ 25:50.331 --> 25:59.864 ♪In America's Heartland living close, close to the land♪ 25:59.864 --> 26:03.998 America's Heartland is made possible by. 26:03.998 --> 26:08.498 They make up a small part of our population. 26:08.498 --> 26:11.898 But have a huge impact on our lives. 26:11.898 --> 26:14.998 They take business risks that few others would tolerate 26:14.998 --> 26:16.998 all on our behalf. 26:16.998 --> 26:22.031 They're American farmers who feed, fuel and clothe the world. 26:22.031 --> 26:26.131 Monsanto would like to recognize them for all they do, 26:26.131 --> 26:29.931 for the rest of us, because ultimately our success and 26:29.931 --> 26:33.264 everyone else's depends on theirs 26:33.264 --> 26:36.698 and by the American Farm Bureau Federation 26:36.698 --> 26:40.298 the voice of agriculture.