WEBVTT 00:00.100 --> 00:00.633 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% Colombia has a mixed reputation 00:03.100 --> 00:05.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% internationally, but nearly everyone agrees 00:06.033 --> 00:09.533 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% that its coffee is world class. 00:09.700 --> 00:14.366 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% For millions of Colombians from the capital of Bogota 00:14.533 --> 00:19.066 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65% to the rural Eje Cafetero. 00:19.233 --> 00:24.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% Coffee is a way of life. 00:31.933 --> 00:34.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Funding for In the  Americas with David 00:34.733 --> 00:40.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% Yetman , was provided by Agnese Haury. 00:54.266 --> 01:04.300 align:start position:45% line:84.67% size:12.5% music 01:08.166 --> 01:10.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% If you're one of the more than four billion people 01:10.566 --> 01:11.900 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% in the world who love coffee, 01:12.066 --> 01:15.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% you know that Colombia is a very special place. 01:15.166 --> 01:17.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% To get to the coffee producing area you have to 01:17.866 --> 01:20.666 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% stop first in Bogota, the capital. 01:20.833 --> 01:25.033 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% It's a city of seven million people. 01:26.666 --> 01:28.900 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% I brought along with me my friend Bill Beezley, 01:29.033 --> 01:31.266 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% an expert on Colombian history. 01:31.400 --> 01:32.966 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% We're planning to meet up with Colombian, 01:33.100 --> 01:40.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:67.5% cultural anthropologist and coffee expert, Marcela Vasquez. 01:42.433 --> 01:44.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% Bogota is a proud and beautiful city built on 01:44.600 --> 01:46.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% the model of Spanish cities like Madrid and 01:47.100 --> 01:49.933 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% we're in the Candelaria neighborhood, 01:50.066 --> 01:51.800 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% the oldest part of the city, 01:51.933 --> 01:54.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% with beautiful buildings, a history of Bohemian 01:54.533 --> 02:00.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% people, musicians, artists, poets. 02:01.100 --> 02:03.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% About a block away from the Plaza Bolívar. 02:03.300 --> 02:04.866 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% Yeah, I can see it down there. 02:05.000 --> 02:06.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% Yes, that's the political and religious center of 02:07.100 --> 02:11.333 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% Bogota and the nation of Colombia. 02:11.500 --> 02:13.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% Right now we are in the plaza Bolívar, 02:13.633 --> 02:15.566 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% which is at the heart of the city. 02:15.733 --> 02:18.500 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% We are surrounded by buildings that 02:18.666 --> 02:21.900 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70% date back to colonial times. 02:22.066 --> 02:24.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% In the back, is the capital building. 02:24.533 --> 02:28.500 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% On that side, we have the Palace of Justice and on my right 02:28.666 --> 02:35.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% is the Iglesia, which is the largest cathedral in Colombia. 02:35.400 --> 02:40.133 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% It was built in 1807 and it took about twenty years to finish it. 02:40.300 --> 02:42.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% It is in this site that the first mass was 02:43.100 --> 02:47.533 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% celebrated in Bogota in 1538. 02:47.700 --> 02:49.500 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% Bogota is a great example or a great 02:49.666 --> 02:52.500 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70% case study of urban renewal. 02:52.633 --> 02:55.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% Today Bogota is considered the Athens of South 02:55.833 --> 02:59.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% America because of the number of museums, 02:59.533 --> 03:02.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% libraries, universities that it has. 03:02.766 --> 03:11.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% It has also been named the city of music by UNESCO in 2012. 03:11.200 --> 03:13.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% Colombians are proud of their musicians of all 03:13.666 --> 03:17.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% type, classical and popular, Shakira, Juanes, 03:18.000 --> 03:20.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% are two of the most popular musicians in the 03:20.500 --> 03:23.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% world, not just the Spanish speaking world. 03:24.000 --> 03:28.333 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% That's true and here is the parade up here. 03:34.933 --> 03:39.666 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% It's chilly in Bogota at 8,000 feet. 03:39.833 --> 03:44.233 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% I'm here to find out about coffee. 03:48.700 --> 03:53.600 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5% Let me tell you, the aroma of coffee in here is enchanting. 03:53.733 --> 03:56.333 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 04:14.000 --> 04:15.600 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50% To Colombian coffee. 04:15.766 --> 04:16.900 align:start position:45% line:84.67% size:10% Lao. 04:17.066 --> 04:20.966 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30% Gracias Lao. 04:21.133 --> 04:23.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% The captains of the coffee industry in Colombia were 04:23.766 --> 04:26.333 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% very smart to create this symbol. 04:26.500 --> 04:30.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% Juan Valdez is a brilliant image of the Paisa culture 04:30.466 --> 04:33.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% and the Paisa culture is represented by those 04:33.933 --> 04:36.733 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5% frontiersmen, who in the middle of the 19th century moved into 04:36.866 --> 04:41.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% Central West Colombia and started planting coffee. 04:41.566 --> 04:43.600 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% They were wildly successful at it and in 04:43.766 --> 04:48.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% the end they created a culture, a food, a coffee, 04:48.700 --> 04:52.766 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% music and a symbol for all Colombians. 04:52.933 --> 04:56.333 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% Paisas are people from northwestern Colombia. 04:56.500 --> 05:00.766 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% The heart of Paisa country is also coffee country. 05:00.933 --> 05:02.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% It's a mountainous and hilly land, 05:02.800 --> 05:07.533 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% a few valleys west of Bogota. 05:07.700 --> 05:10.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% We're heading out into the general region, which is 05:10.600 --> 05:15.300 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5% known as Quindio and it's the coffee center of Colombia. 05:15.433 --> 05:18.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% I haven't seen a single coffee tree in town. 05:18.600 --> 05:20.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% They'll be a few million out in the boonies and 05:20.566 --> 05:26.200 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% we'll find out a lot more about coffee. 05:35.733 --> 05:37.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Colombia is a very mountainous country. 05:37.633 --> 05:40.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% Thanks to the great Codillera of the Andes. 05:41.100 --> 05:43.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% The Andes have brought both joy and sorrow to 05:43.666 --> 05:45.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Colombia, numerous earthquakes, 05:45.800 --> 05:48.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% many volcanic eruptions that have killed thousands 05:49.000 --> 05:52.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% of people, but they have also brought volcanic soil 05:52.533 --> 05:59.333 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5% to the coffee region and that is a producer of great joy. 05:59.500 --> 06:01.133 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% In the coffee growing region, 06:01.300 --> 06:03.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% there is one Pueblo, one small town that's well 06:03.366 --> 06:05.766 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% known throughout Colombia for its beauty, 06:05.933 --> 06:09.966 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% its location, its streams nearby. 06:10.133 --> 06:12.466 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50% It's called Salento. 06:12.633 --> 06:14.733 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% It has a peculiar history and its kept its 06:14.900 --> 06:19.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% compact nature for 100 years or so. 06:19.600 --> 06:22.333 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 06:22.500 --> 06:24.400 align:start position:40% line:79.33% size:22.5% Travelers founded this town. 06:24.566 --> 06:26.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% Originally it was an ancient pathway 06:27.033 --> 06:30.800 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65% used by indigenous people. 06:30.933 --> 06:33.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% Then it became a royal road used by the Spaniards 06:34.000 --> 06:39.700 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5% as a part of the colonization process throughout the Americas. 06:39.833 --> 06:41.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% Later on it was used by merchants 06:42.000 --> 06:46.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% who settled throughout the region. 06:46.400 --> 06:53.733 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% This town grew as travelers died and their survivors stayed on. 06:53.866 --> 06:56.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% Salento is different from other towns and for many 06:56.666 --> 06:59.666 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% years the inhabitants retained the magic of the 06:59.833 --> 07:05.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% past as they hold on to the old traditions and customs. 07:05.800 --> 07:08.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% There is a strong sense of belonging to this land, 07:08.666 --> 07:12.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% where many have lived for numerous generations. 07:13.133 --> 07:16.066 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 07:16.233 --> 07:19.000 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:27.5% Traditional dress has given away to a 07:19.166 --> 07:23.333 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% modern lifestyle, but up until about twenty years 07:23.466 --> 07:26.800 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% ago it was common to see the Paisa, 07:26.933 --> 07:30.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:67.5% a kind of mountain man walk around with his checkered poncho 07:30.900 --> 07:37.100 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% and leathered satchel in the traditional Paisa style. 07:40.366 --> 07:42.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% To get out of the rain, I've worked my way into a 07:42.800 --> 07:46.933 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% hat shop and I recognize these hats as being indigenous. 07:47.066 --> 07:49.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% They're from the coast and I know they're made of 07:49.666 --> 07:52.966 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% palm but I've never seen anything like them before. 07:53.133 --> 07:56.300 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:52.5% I have to try one on. 07:56.433 --> 07:58.900 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% I think it will probably last me well. 07:59.066 --> 08:03.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% It's woven by hand, sewn together and in a wet climate. 08:03.200 --> 08:05.200 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:32.5% It's perfect. 08:05.366 --> 08:08.100 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% Okay you follow the guide, and then you just fold it 08:08.266 --> 08:12.266 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% and this hat is from a place called Tochin from the coast. 08:12.433 --> 08:16.566 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% That's right on the Pacific. 08:16.733 --> 08:19.700 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% Then you just turn it around, 08:19.833 --> 08:22.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% turn it like this and you can put it in your pocket. 08:22.900 --> 08:24.700 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% So when I'm riding on my horse or my burro and the 08:24.866 --> 08:29.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% sun comes out, I can pull it out and put it on. I see. 08:33.300 --> 08:35.300 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% You can see why Salento has become a major tourist 08:35.433 --> 08:38.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% attraction here in central Colombia. 08:38.166 --> 08:39.933 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% It's not just the native materials, 08:40.100 --> 08:42.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% oh well they're great, but the addition of European 08:42.733 --> 08:44.733 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% elements, the balconies and the overhangs and all 08:44.900 --> 08:47.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% the colors and the narrow streets. 08:47.366 --> 08:49.233 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% Put those together and you have this combination of 08:49.366 --> 08:53.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% effects, that really is irresistible. 08:55.033 --> 08:57.166 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% So tell me about the Eje Cafetero Okay the 08:57.300 --> 09:00.466 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% Eje Cafetero is the heartland of coffee production in Colombia. 09:00.633 --> 09:03.900 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% It has very specific characteristics that 09:04.066 --> 09:06.166 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:67.5% make coffee specially good. 09:06.333 --> 09:09.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% So it's produced between 4,000 and 6,000 feet, 09:09.833 --> 09:13.400 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% so the high altitude makes it really good. 09:13.566 --> 09:15.333 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% If you go higher than that it changes. 09:15.500 --> 09:16.733 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5% It's too cold up there. 09:16.833 --> 09:19.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% It also has, there's a lot of rain here and volcanic soil. 09:20.133 --> 09:22.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% So the soil is very good for coffee. 09:22.433 --> 09:24.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% Just a very special combination in here 09:24.600 --> 09:28.233 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75% and we get really good coffee. 09:31.466 --> 09:33.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:62.5% Well, there is a machine. 09:33.966 --> 09:38.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% This looks like a bomb, it looks like a Rube Goldberg. 09:38.900 --> 09:41.966 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 09:42.133 --> 09:44.733 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:52.5% So this is from 1905. 09:44.900 --> 09:47.933 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 09:48.100 --> 09:49.900 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5% These are real Italian. 09:50.033 --> 09:52.133 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% I feel like I'm in the Giro d'Italia bike race. 09:52.300 --> 09:53.600 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% And we can make some coffee. 09:53.766 --> 09:55.700 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% Do you know how to operate this? 09:55.866 --> 09:57.166 align:start position:45% line:84.67% size:12.5% Yeah! 09:57.333 --> 10:00.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% Alright, I'm going to stand back. 10:00.966 --> 10:04.933 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5% So now we conserve and have a really good cup of coffee. 10:05.066 --> 10:06.400 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% Oh that's how you clean the dishes. 10:06.533 --> 10:10.400 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 10:29.433 --> 10:31.066 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% It's very good coffee, huh? 10:31.200 --> 10:33.566 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:62.5% That is very good coffee! 10:33.700 --> 10:36.700 align:start position:45% line:84.67% size:12.5% Yeah! 10:44.900 --> 10:47.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% The Quindío coffee producing region is dotted with 10:47.600 --> 10:51.866 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% small coffee producing farms, family owned farms over 10:52.000 --> 10:57.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% 500 of them. Small producers mean small towns, traditional 10:57.600 --> 11:02.666 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% towns some of them with very distinct local architecture. 11:02.800 --> 11:05.100 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 11:05.233 --> 11:07.000 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% The architecture here is unique, 11:07.133 --> 11:11.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% much the way a world heritage site is unique. 11:11.900 --> 11:14.233 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% We are in the landscape of coffee plantations and the 11:14.366 --> 11:18.400 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% buildings fit in well with the environment. 11:18.533 --> 11:21.000 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% Their walls are made from bamboo, 11:21.133 --> 11:26.300 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5% insulated with horse manure and then stuccoed with plaster. 11:26.433 --> 11:28.600 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% The design is called ? ? 11:28.733 --> 11:31.800 align:start position:37.5% line:84.67% size:27.5% Colombiano. 11:31.933 --> 11:33.733 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% Finlandia is also known as the 11:33.866 --> 11:39.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% heartland of coffee basket making. 11:41.000 --> 11:43.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% The sign here says this is the handy craft route of 11:43.333 --> 11:46.533 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% Quindío and the first example we have are these baskets. 11:46.666 --> 11:49.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% These are utilitarian, no question. 11:49.566 --> 11:52.866 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% Probably, for gathering the cherries is what they 11:53.000 --> 11:54.533 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% call the fruits of the coffee, 11:54.666 --> 11:56.766 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% the cherries of the coffee beans. 11:56.900 --> 12:00.133 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5% This would be about the right size for the average harvester. 12:00.266 --> 12:03.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% You could put 20 or 30 lbs of coffee in there pulling 12:04.000 --> 12:07.133 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% them off the trees as fast as they could. 12:11.166 --> 12:12.766 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% Coffee harvesters seem to have given 12:12.900 --> 12:15.233 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:67.5% up on the old time baskets. 12:15.366 --> 12:19.366 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% Everyone uses plastic ones instead. 12:19.500 --> 12:22.433 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% In the country of Colombia, 12:22.566 --> 12:24.366 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% the coffee farms vary from about ten acres, 12:24.500 --> 12:25.933 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:52.5% which is the average. 12:26.066 --> 12:28.433 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% To this one it's about 100 acres, 12:28.566 --> 12:30.200 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% so there's a huge variation. 12:30.333 --> 12:31.533 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% This is a rather large one, 12:31.666 --> 12:34.633 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% but the area is just a mosaic of farms. 12:34.766 --> 12:36.433 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% Each with its own personality and probably 12:36.566 --> 12:39.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% each with its own distinct variety because of the changes 12:39.600 --> 12:42.700 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5% in topography, the changes, the tiny changes in rainfall. 12:42.833 --> 12:44.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% The amount of exposure to sun and the soil, 12:44.900 --> 12:47.666 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5% so everyone's distinct. 12:47.800 --> 12:49.366 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 12:49.500 --> 12:53.966 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% We are on the Potosi La Vereda coffee plantation. 12:54.100 --> 12:57.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% We have several different varieties of coffee beans. 12:57.200 --> 13:03.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% We have Colombia la Suprema and the Caturra variety. 13:03.800 --> 13:08.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% Japanese buyers want only Caturra beans. 13:08.566 --> 13:11.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% While, others want the Colombia beans. 13:11.233 --> 13:13.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% They are completely different without one 13:13.466 --> 13:15.400 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% being better than the other, 13:15.533 --> 13:21.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% just like there are tastes for everything. 13:21.466 --> 13:26.400 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% These plants are just a year old and already they are producing. 13:26.533 --> 13:34.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% These little coffee trees are now two 13:34.200 --> 13:36.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% years old and they are full of cherries. 13:36.600 --> 13:38.733 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% After only two years, thousands and thousands of 13:38.866 --> 13:43.166 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% them and look at that potential cup of coffee there. 13:43.300 --> 13:45.300 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% You can almost smell the aroma. 13:45.433 --> 13:47.066 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 13:47.200 --> 13:49.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:67.5% My grandparents were coffee growers as well as my father. 13:49.866 --> 13:52.633 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% This plantation is my inheritance 13:52.766 --> 13:56.566 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:52.5% from both my parents. 13:56.700 --> 13:59.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% Over the last few years, more and more women have 13:59.200 --> 14:03.966 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% entered the gremio or the fraternity of growers. 14:04.100 --> 14:08.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:67.5% We manage our own lands, we understand the entire process. 14:08.866 --> 14:11.133 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% In the beginning, it was not easy. 14:11.266 --> 14:13.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% We must know how to manage all aspects of 14:13.566 --> 14:16.000 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75% the coffee production process. 14:16.133 --> 14:21.133 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% How, where and when to plant, fertilize, 14:21.266 --> 14:24.833 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5% harvest and restore the fields. 14:24.966 --> 14:28.000 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% In the Quindío region they plant on very steep hillsides. 14:28.133 --> 14:33.633 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5% Their plants only grow to one meter, 80 centimeters tall. 14:33.766 --> 14:36.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% In other countries, they plant trees that will grow 14:36.966 --> 14:41.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% much taller and they harvest them all by machine. 14:42.033 --> 14:45.033 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65% Here, it's hand harvested. 14:45.166 --> 14:47.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% We're now among the adult trees that are in the 14:47.566 --> 14:49.566 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% height of their production and although we're not on 14:49.700 --> 14:52.400 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% the full harvest season, there's still plenty of the cherries. 14:52.533 --> 14:54.833 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 14:54.966 --> 14:58.433 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:25% So you can squeeze the cherry and the 14:58.566 --> 15:02.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% coffee bean drops out and this is actually sweet tasting. 15:02.166 --> 15:03.566 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% We're going to take these right now to where they 15:03.700 --> 15:05.700 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% call the beneficio, the processing plant that will 15:05.833 --> 15:08.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% remove this outer pulp and we will then have the next 15:09.033 --> 15:15.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% stage of the coffee beans ready to go. 15:25.500 --> 15:26.966 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 15:27.100 --> 15:30.233 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:25% Well, it's passed through the initial 15:30.366 --> 15:32.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% processing plant and come out here and the only way 15:32.766 --> 15:35.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% that they can guarantee that it contains, 15:35.600 --> 15:37.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% that the coffee contains the best possible 15:38.000 --> 15:41.400 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% Colombian flavor is to dry it here and they can lift 15:41.533 --> 15:45.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% it up and they can listen to the sound the coffee 15:45.433 --> 15:49.400 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:62.5% makes when it is falling. 15:49.533 --> 15:51.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% And that way they can tell if it's really ready to be 15:52.033 --> 15:53.966 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% made into coffee, very traditional, 15:54.100 --> 15:56.800 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% very individually sensitive. 15:56.933 --> 16:00.166 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% It's not commercialized. 16:05.800 --> 16:07.066 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 16:07.200 --> 16:08.966 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% We are in the center of Colombia's 16:09.100 --> 16:10.400 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:42.5% coffee heartland. 16:10.533 --> 16:12.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% A region whose tradition are longstanding. 16:12.600 --> 16:17.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% Traditions passed onto us by our forefathers. 16:17.633 --> 16:20.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% A half hour drive takes us to another small producer 16:20.333 --> 16:24.433 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:27.5% with a very different philosophy. 16:24.566 --> 16:26.500 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 16:26.633 --> 16:30.966 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:25% Our coffee groves are lush gardens. 16:31.133 --> 16:34.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% We are very proud of what we have created here. 16:34.400 --> 16:36.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% We have faced many difficulties with pests 16:36.866 --> 16:39.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% and we have successfully resisted without ever 16:39.666 --> 16:44.600 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% using a single gram of pesticides. 16:44.766 --> 16:47.166 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% We've all heard of shade grown coffee and this is 16:47.333 --> 16:49.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% shade grown coffee and this is shade grown coffee. 16:49.633 --> 16:52.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% This is shade from these great old trees and these 16:52.233 --> 16:56.233 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% particular coffee trees are very old. 16:56.366 --> 16:58.300 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% They are traced back to the founding of the town 16:58.466 --> 17:02.066 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% of Córdoba, a hundred years ago. 17:02.233 --> 17:04.266 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 17:04.433 --> 17:07.766 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% Arboleda could have ended up as just 17:07.933 --> 17:14.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% another coffee producing farm and nothing else. 17:14.666 --> 17:18.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% A cup of Arboleda coffee is one of perfection 17:18.233 --> 17:21.033 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% because this coffee is grown, 17:21.200 --> 17:23.800 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% while protecting the environment and caring and 17:23.966 --> 17:27.700 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% loving the land and the soil. 17:27.833 --> 17:29.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% These old trees are pure Arabica coffee, 17:30.100 --> 17:35.433 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% which generally is conceded to be the best there is. 17:35.600 --> 17:37.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% That's what they started with here and then they've 17:37.366 --> 17:38.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% branched into other varieties but this is the 17:39.033 --> 17:42.300 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% old scion the old original coffee tree from right here. 17:42.433 --> 17:45.366 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 17:45.533 --> 17:48.100 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% Our coffee is produced with zero agro 17:48.266 --> 17:51.500 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% chemicals so that the natural micro organisms 17:51.633 --> 17:56.966 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% that live in this ecosystem are not harmed. 17:57.133 --> 17:59.700 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% One of the philosophies here at La Arboleda Coffee 17:59.866 --> 18:03.200 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% farm is to keep the old varieties. 18:03.366 --> 18:04.533 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% They've been here for so long, 18:04.666 --> 18:06.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% things have worked their way out and so they can 18:06.800 --> 18:10.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% work organically or without chemicals because it's 18:10.266 --> 18:14.800 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% all part of a well-established coffee ecosystem. 18:14.933 --> 18:16.233 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 18:16.400 --> 18:18.766 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% We could use this here as a teaching 18:18.933 --> 18:21.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% tool so that other coffee producers would follow 18:21.766 --> 18:24.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% this example and perhaps see these kind of eco 18:25.000 --> 18:33.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% friendly, organic farming as a source of national pride. 18:33.166 --> 18:34.900 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% We've formed an association of women coffee 18:35.066 --> 18:41.266 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% growers called the Córdoba Women's Coffee Association. 18:41.433 --> 18:47.766 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% We have recently created our own brand or women coffee. 18:47.933 --> 18:50.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% Just because you're using a sustainable form of 18:50.700 --> 18:52.700 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% coffee raising doesn't mean you can't use 18:52.833 --> 18:54.833 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% technology to your advantage. 18:55.000 --> 18:57.866 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% With this plastic canopy here, 18:58.033 --> 19:00.400 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% they don't have to worry about the rain and they 19:00.533 --> 19:02.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% still get the advantage of whatever sun there is. 19:02.600 --> 19:06.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% So in ten days they move all this coffee around and 19:06.366 --> 19:08.633 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50% they have dry beans. 19:08.800 --> 19:10.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% They don't have to worry about them getting wet 19:10.633 --> 19:13.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% from the often very heavy rain they get here. 19:13.600 --> 19:17.066 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55% It's a real good idea. 19:17.233 --> 19:18.666 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 19:18.800 --> 19:21.566 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:27.5% When coffee is ground, the natural, 19:21.733 --> 19:24.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% exquisite aroma is liberated and then we can 19:25.100 --> 19:27.233 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% brew it into a wondrous liquid cup of 19:27.366 --> 19:36.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% coffee. Coffee cultivation is my destiny, my happiness. 19:37.033 --> 19:38.866 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% This is what I do everyday, 19:39.000 --> 19:44.800 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% I produce coffee. I love coffee. 19:46.500 --> 19:48.433 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% Coffee production isn't all work. 19:48.600 --> 19:53.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% Fiestas are an important part of Paisa life. 19:57.633 --> 19:59.833 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% We're in the town Calarca, not far from Armenia in 20:00.000 --> 20:01.800 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% the center of coffee country. 20:01.933 --> 20:03.166 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% Every year they have a parade, 20:03.333 --> 20:05.400 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% a celebration and the parade ends with the 20:05.533 --> 20:10.100 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% crowning of the coffee queen. 20:21.900 --> 20:25.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% Each department brings their beauty queen and 20:25.233 --> 20:30.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% their dances and music and theatre to show. 20:30.433 --> 20:32.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% So the judges decide on a combination or is 20:32.133 --> 20:34.133 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65% it just the queen herself? 20:34.300 --> 20:35.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% No, they do decide on a combination, 20:35.566 --> 20:37.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% but most important is the queen, 20:37.466 --> 20:38.833 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5% but the beauty of the queen is not 20:39.000 --> 20:40.733 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:72.5% just the physical appearance. 20:40.900 --> 20:42.266 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% It comes with the beauty of whatever she brings 20:42.400 --> 20:44.666 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% behind her, which is the comparsas and the 20:44.833 --> 20:48.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% happiness about it and the colors and what each 20:48.633 --> 20:52.433 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5% represents from where they come from. 20:56.266 --> 21:00.300 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5% That's the La Chapolera, it's a type of CamposinaColombiana. 21:00.433 --> 21:03.433 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% Her name comes from a butterfly, 21:03.600 --> 21:07.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% known as Chapora, which migrates to the coffee 21:07.266 --> 21:11.933 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30% farms during times of harvest. 21:13.366 --> 21:15.033 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% They come from all over the country, 21:15.166 --> 21:17.566 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% they're trying to show off their queen and make as 21:17.733 --> 21:19.900 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% much noise as possible and my guess is 21:20.066 --> 21:21.500 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% a little bribery involved as well. 21:21.633 --> 21:23.600 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% They all come together here, 21:23.766 --> 21:26.733 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% there's a lot of prestige in the making and their queen has to 21:26.900 --> 21:33.166 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% show that she has the stuff to be queen of the coffee festival. 21:34.366 --> 21:36.966 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% Tolima is coming up here, now this woman, 21:37.133 --> 21:39.466 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% I watched her from down below. 21:39.600 --> 21:40.900 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:62.5% She's very light skinned, 21:41.033 --> 21:42.333 align:start position:45% line:84.67% size:12.5% Yeah. 21:42.400 --> 21:46.633 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% She's very active, but she can play the drums extremely well. 21:46.766 --> 21:47.966 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:37.5% Does that help? 21:48.100 --> 21:52.400 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70% I think it helps, of course. 21:57.000 --> 22:02.600 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% We have a representation of real folk arts here, folk dances. 22:02.733 --> 22:04.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% These are people coming from the countryside. 22:04.633 --> 22:08.500 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5% There used to be people who did nothing but carry other people. 22:08.633 --> 22:11.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% We see them here and then we see the folk, 22:12.100 --> 22:14.466 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% the dresses of women from the country side, 22:14.600 --> 22:18.366 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% who are really working in the fields. 22:23.166 --> 22:24.833 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% There's got to be an excuse for a parade, 22:24.966 --> 22:27.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5% but this kind is a little bit different one, in it's 22:27.666 --> 22:32.400 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70% sort of has an international aspect to a very local product. 22:32.566 --> 22:34.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% As far as I know, every coffee producing country 22:34.766 --> 22:37.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% has a celebration to celebrate the product and 22:37.866 --> 22:41.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% it's so much fun because they're talking about 22:41.433 --> 22:43.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% coffee, but they're also celebrating their regional 22:43.633 --> 22:46.766 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% community and their folklore. 22:46.933 --> 22:50.833 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80% The natural history of the place that they're involved in. 22:54.966 --> 22:56.533 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% Oh my gosh, here comes the devil. 22:56.666 --> 22:57.766 align:start position:37.5% line:84.67% size:27.5% Oh my gosh. 22:57.933 --> 23:00.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% That's got to be very hot to carry that costume. 23:00.666 --> 23:02.366 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% It seems to me, that these people are from Chocó, 23:02.533 --> 23:04.000 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:52.5% which is the Pacific. 23:04.166 --> 23:08.133 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75% There's a lot of former slaves that have settled in that 23:08.300 --> 23:11.400 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5% area so there's got to be a big African influence in there. 23:11.566 --> 23:14.133 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% Right, the Chocó region is where the slaves 23:14.266 --> 23:18.866 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55% fled to in the 1800's. 23:19.033 --> 23:20.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% There's a lot of themes of death in here of fantastic 23:21.100 --> 23:25.733 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% conceptions that are otherworldly. 23:25.900 --> 23:28.366 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% Right and conceptions about nature and the spirit. 23:28.500 --> 23:33.533 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55% That's very important. 23:34.866 --> 23:37.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:67.5% They have a lot of talented acrobatic, stilt walkers. 23:37.833 --> 23:40.300 align:start position:45% line:84.67% size:10% Yes. 23:48.400 --> 23:49.566 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35% We know we are in Colombia. 23:49.700 --> 23:54.166 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% It couldn't be any other Spanish speaking country. 23:55.400 --> 24:01.133 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5% There's an exhilaration that is only possible in this country. 24:02.800 --> 24:04.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% The National Coffee festival has been 24:05.000 --> 24:11.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% celebrated in Calarca, every year since 1960. 24:12.000 --> 24:14.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% The floats, in which the candidates are standing, 24:14.633 --> 24:17.566 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% are designed specifically for the event by local 24:17.733 --> 24:22.800 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% artists. Each candidate represents Colombia's 24:22.933 --> 24:28.366 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% cultural diversity, mainly in terms of dance and music. 24:28.533 --> 24:30.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% The winner of the pageant represents Colombia 24:31.033 --> 24:35.533 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% in the international coffee pageant. 24:45.566 --> 24:48.266 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% Coffee is native to Ethiopia, 24:48.433 --> 24:51.566 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% but because of its special growing conditions, Colombia 24:51.733 --> 24:55.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% has become the best-known international exporter. 24:55.433 --> 24:57.933 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40% Here, coffee has produced a beverage, 24:58.100 --> 25:05.800 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:72.5% a culture, and a way of life. 25:07.066 --> 25:09.066 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% It has been our nation's greatest physical barrier. 25:09.200 --> 25:12.333 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% Its looming presence struck fear into the 25:12.466 --> 25:14.733 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60% hearts of men and women. 25:14.900 --> 25:19.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5% It caused our most famous case of cannibalism. 25:19.400 --> 25:22.033 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% It produced the world's richest gold mines. 25:22.200 --> 25:26.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5% It was the cause of civil war battles. 25:26.366 --> 25:30.033 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5% It's the Sierra Nevada. 25:30.166 --> 25:35.700 align:start position:20% line:74% size:60% Join us next time In the  Americas , with me, David Yetman. 25:36.700 --> 25:38.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65% My friend Nicholas is what we might call a coffee 25:38.900 --> 25:41.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60% missionary from Armenia. He is unusual. 25:42.000 --> 25:45.466 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5% (Spanish) 25:45.600 --> 25:48.100 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% So he has the traveling coffee box, 25:48.300 --> 25:50.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55% we've got 500 of these boxes going around the 25:50.633 --> 25:54.233 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5% world to tell the world how great coffee is. 25:54.400 --> 25:56.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50% Every process of the coffee from the grinding 25:56.433 --> 25:58.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45% it, to the heating of the water, 25:58.133 --> 25:59.633 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5% to the making of the coffee, 25:59.800 --> 26:02.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5% to the drinking it is contained in this little box.