WEBVTT

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Ecuador is mostly
jungle.

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That's not well known by
the casual traveler

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or even most Ecuadorians

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since the bulk of them
live in the Western...

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third of the country.

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The capital Quito is
high in the mountains

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with a pleasant climate.

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The Amazon has few roads

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and until recently few
people besides the
Indians

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who have lived there
for eons.

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Things are changing.

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♪

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Funding for In the
Americas with David Yetman

00:38.400 --> 00:40.433 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
was provided by
Agnese Haury

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♪

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Funding for In the Americas
with David Yetman

00:49.966 --> 00:52.500 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
was also provided by
the Guilford Fund.

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♪

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♪
In the Americas with
David Yetman theme

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The city of Quito is
the capital

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and most important city
in Ecuador.

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It sits about 9,300 feet
above sea level

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and there's about three
million people living
here.

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The Spaniards came
here in the early part
of the 16th century

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and they found it a very
good place to live,

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high enough to be cool
but accessible to trade
in all directions.

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They founded a city and
we can still see part

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of what they founded in
the old Quito.

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Spain owned and
controlled what is
now Ecuador

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and its capital Quito
for nearly 300 years.

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It was not until the
early 19th century

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that Ecuador became
an independent country.

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Spain left a heritage
of its laws governing

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how the cities were to be estab.

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They were called the
laws of the Indies

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and those laws dictated
how wide the streets
were to be,

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how tall the buildings
could be,

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what kind of balconies
they had to have

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and what buildings were
to be located where.

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And this is a reflection
of those ancient laws.

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It's the downtown
historiccenter of
Quito.

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(Spanish)

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This historic center was
home to the first
indigenous people

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men and women that were
here before,

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even the Incas and later
the Spaniards arrived.

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This place has always
been viewed by the
public,

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so when you see the
facade of the

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presidential palace you
can see original stone.

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Quito was declared a
UN Cultural Heritage
of Humanity's Site.

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Part of the reason
people flock to downtown
Quito

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on a Sunday afternoon,
is not just because

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there's a lot of people
here but because

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it is an intensely
agreeable place to be.

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Ecuador is the second
largest producer of oil

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in all of Latin America.

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and the government has
used those oil revenues

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to make sure that their essenti

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In addition, they have
poured moneyinto the

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country's infrastructure
producing some of the

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best bridges and highways
in all of Latin America

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♪

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From Quito, it's a good
five-hour drive east of

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the Andes into the
Amazon.

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The town of Shell is the
end of the road for us.

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It's appropriately named
for the oil company that

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initiated exploration in
the rain forest.

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Shell enlisted
missionaries to do

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advance work and pacify
Indians who were

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notoriously unreceptive
to the oil prospectors.

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The small airport
at Shell bustles.

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It seems to be used
exclusively

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by oil industry and
missionary people.

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The flight into Huaorani
territory will only

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take a half hour or so
but it will transport us
into a different world.

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Huaoranis were only
discovered about fifty
years ago

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and resisted all entry
by outsiders.

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Since then, most have
accepted foreigners in

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varying degrees and are
involved in ecotourism.

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Some of the Huaorani,
however, have detached
themselves

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and retreated deep into
the rainforest and
reject

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all outside contact.

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The airstrip where
we will land,

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seems tiny from above,
the light green line

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in the endless
emerald forest.

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it's a community called
Huantaro involving
ecotourism.

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I'm supposed to be
greeted by Moi,

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the leader of the
Huaorani nation.

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They call
themselves Wao.

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(Spanish)

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The Huaorani territory
is covered by primary
forest,

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not secondary forest
like the case of

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other indigenous
nationalities.

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This is all tropical
forest, primary forest.

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We have over 900,000
hectares that support
animals and fish.

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For food, we also grow
cassava plants.

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There are beaches along
the rivers but we don't
cut the trees.

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It's all Huaorani
territory.

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There are many problems
within the Huaorani
territory.

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We have complaints
against other
indigenous people

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against settlers in our
territory,

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the presence of the
oil company.

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But politically we
manage on our own.

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Each community has
a voice and a vote

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and school and even
a high school.

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There are many
health problems.

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Today the Ecuadorian
State gives rights
to all Ecuadorians

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but in the past only the
Huaorani people defended
our land.

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So, things were fine
because Huaorani
maintained a

06:39.233 --> 06:42.433 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
healthy territory.

06:42.566 --> 06:44.666 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

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As an organization, we
were trying to find

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a way out for the
Huaorani,

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trying to make
connections
with foreigners

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like through ecotourism
or with oil companies.

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Education is a way out
so we are looking
for work either with

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the oil companies,
with tourism or just to
keep living as Huaorani

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♪
Native singing

07:13.100 --> 07:14.966 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

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In our culture, we
always welcome people by
singing and dancing.

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The women, young people
so as not to lose
our culture.

07:24.100 --> 07:25.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Now they will sing
like birds

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Like the Oropéndola
and the Toucans sing.

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♪
(Native Singing)

07:40.033 --> 07:41.600 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

07:41.733 --> 07:44.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
They're saying that
only the madrecitas

07:44.400 --> 07:48.966 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
can raise their young
so if we take the
young Oropéndolas

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out of their nest,
they won't survive.

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That's the Huaorani
message.

07:53.900 --> 07:57.966 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
The first thing we
experienced was
a welcoming dance

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and it's not just
forthem.

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Little by little, they
insisted that everybody
who was here...

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including other
Ecuadoriansjoin in.

08:05.400 --> 08:06.800 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
So, it's quite a
festive thing.

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Not a lot of people come
here so when they do,

08:09.300 --> 08:11.533 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
they insist that
you participate.

08:11.666 --> 08:18.033 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

08:18.166 --> 08:20.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:35%
These Huaorani
ceremoniesis a festival

08:20.966 --> 08:23.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
and we always invite
enemies and friends.

08:23.900 --> 08:27.066 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
These festivities also
take place when
there is a marriage.

08:27.200 --> 08:34.100 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
We have happy, cheerful
tradition of dancing,
for our children

08:34.233 --> 08:35.866 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
and preserve
our territory.

08:36.000 --> 08:41.500 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
To live as free people,
the children and the old
people, we live as wao.

08:41.633 --> 08:41.633 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
To live as free people,
the children and the old
people, Gracias!as wao.

08:42.033 --> 08:46.466 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:20%
Gracias!

08:46.600 --> 08:55.133 align:start position:50% line:79.33% size:2.5%
♪
(Native singing)

08:55.266 --> 08:56.866 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

08:57.000 --> 08:59.900 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
This is a protected
area, a pristine area.

09:00.100 --> 09:02.900 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
Land that we want
to be able to live

09:03.033 --> 09:05.133 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
and work without
harming nature.

09:05.266 --> 09:07.266 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
Oil money changes
our culture,

09:07.400 --> 09:10.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
brings in outsiders,
lots of noise.

09:11.000 --> 09:12.633 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
They drink alcohol
water,

09:12.766 --> 09:16.600 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
that makes you dizzy
and kills you.

09:16.733 --> 09:21.100 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
No, we want our
Wao culture

09:21.233 --> 09:23.066 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
I guess you're
officially greeted

09:23.200 --> 09:25.833 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
once you get the
face paint applied.

09:25.966 --> 09:29.333 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
So, what we are running
into here is a culture

09:29.466 --> 09:31.166 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
that is under huge
pressure from
the outside

09:31.300 --> 09:33.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
particularly from the
petroleum industry

09:34.000 --> 09:37.400 align:start position:20% line:74% size:60%
and very specifically by
Chinese petroleum
interests.

09:37.533 --> 09:42.433 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
It's a conflict that
is coming in from
virtually all sides.

09:48.933 --> 09:53.500 align:start position:32.5% line:74% size:35%
The women here
weave these out of
a relative of the palm

09:53.633 --> 09:58.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
that is extraordinarily
tough and heavy.

09:58.400 --> 10:00.000 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:52.5%
This is the raw fiber
they strip away from

10:00.133 --> 10:03.400 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
the leaf on this
palm-like plant.

10:03.533 --> 10:06.400 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
Then they put it on
their thigh, several...

10:06.533 --> 10:08.733 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:25%
pieces and
rub it together

10:08.866 --> 10:12.866 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and it develops into a
perfectly spiral pattern.

10:13.000 --> 10:15.500 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
I had no idea how
they do it.

10:15.633 --> 10:19.566 align:start position:20% line:74% size:60%
It is a talent that must
have been developed
for centuries.

10:19.700 --> 10:21.066 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
The red dye is easy.

10:21.200 --> 10:23.333 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
They just pick a fruit
that grows wild...

10:23.466 --> 10:25.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
all over the place
and rub it...

10:25.566 --> 10:27.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
and it becomes the
face paint...

10:27.800 --> 10:31.800 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
and the red dye for
their weavings that
they do.

10:31.933 --> 10:34.533 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
I had no idea how
they do it.

10:34.666 --> 10:37.566 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
So, his father taught
him how to make
the lances...

10:37.700 --> 10:40.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
and for them this is a
traditional house,

10:40.200 --> 10:42.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
this is the traditional
way of hunting...

10:42.133 --> 10:43.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and its worked perfectly
well for them.

10:49.200 --> 10:53.033 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
For the Huaorani, the
only way to bring
supplies in or...

10:53.166 --> 10:55.533 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
to take supplies out,
other than what they
make themselves...

10:55.666 --> 10:58.900 align:start position:37.5% line:84.67% size:25%
is by air.

10:59.033 --> 11:03.033 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
In the Amazon, the
traditional form of
transportation

11:03.166 --> 11:04.600 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
is the dugout canoe.

11:04.733 --> 11:07.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
This is made out of one
single trunk of a tree.

11:07.800 --> 11:10.733 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
An immense amount of
labor goes into
making it.

11:10.866 --> 11:13.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
And they are not easy
to maneuver...

11:13.833 --> 11:18.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
so, it takes expertise
that these guys have.

11:18.233 --> 11:20.233 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
This is an ecotourism
venture that is...

11:20.366 --> 11:22.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
developed with the
Huaorani people...

11:22.533 --> 11:24.500 align:start position:22.5% line:58% size:57.5%
for the Huaorani people
...

11:24.633 --> 11:27.866 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
helping them spread the
message of conservation
...

11:28.000 --> 11:29.266 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
that they have in
their hearts...

11:29.400 --> 11:31.700 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
and in their minds
in front of what's
going on...

11:31.833 --> 11:33.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
in the Amazon Rain
Forest of Ecuador...

11:36.966 --> 11:39.900 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
The Huaorani lands
are in the foothills
of the Andes...

11:40.033 --> 11:42.400 align:start position:30% line:74% size:40%
which means that
there are periodic
waterfalls...

11:42.533 --> 11:43.733 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:45%
some of them huge.

11:43.866 --> 11:46.400 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
The water in the river
for many months
of the year...

11:46.533 --> 11:49.766 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:45%
is silky and brown
so if you want
fresh water...

11:49.900 --> 11:51.300 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
you may have
to hike a way...

11:51.433 --> 11:53.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
But this is a very
popular place...

11:53.633 --> 11:57.866 align:start position:17.5% line:74% size:55%
not only with tourists
but with the Huaoranis
for centuries.

11:58.000 --> 12:08.033 align:start position:50% line:84.67% size:2.5%
♪

12:12.066 --> 12:17.266 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
From Huantaro it's a
four-hour trek to the
next community.

12:17.400 --> 12:20.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Hardly are we into
the forest when...

12:20.466 --> 12:23.866 align:start position:30% line:74% size:42.5%
Moipoi points out
new signs of
oil prospecting...

12:24.000 --> 12:26.733 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
camps, swaths
through the jungle...

12:26.866 --> 12:31.800 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
frequent helicopter
flights and
motorized boats...

12:31.933 --> 12:35.000 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
Sadly, we have
new neighbors.

12:35.133 --> 12:40.100 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
Right, the government
granted permits
for a Chinese company...

12:40.233 --> 12:43.433 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
to come and carry
seismic work...

12:43.566 --> 12:49.300 align:start position:30% line:74% size:40%
pursuing for oil
in the territory
where we work.

12:49.433 --> 12:52.066 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
Moipoi tells me that
when I see these...

12:52.200 --> 12:56.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
blue ribbons that's
a mark of oil explorers.

12:57.066 --> 12:58.433 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

12:58.566 --> 13:02.566 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Every day they fly
into the seismic lines.

13:02.700 --> 13:04.400 align:start position:40% line:79.33% size:22.5%
It's just
starting now...

13:04.533 --> 13:07.400 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
but the animals are
already fleeing.

13:07.533 --> 13:09.766 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
Families are at a
war over money.

13:09.900 --> 13:13.833 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
Others are selling
themselves for money,
benefits.

13:14.600 --> 13:17.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
We had a good life
before all of this.

13:17.466 --> 13:21.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
But now a lady died
fighting over money.

13:22.000 --> 13:25.233 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
The ecotourism project
is different.

13:25.366 --> 13:27.133 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:47.5%
It's peaceful work.

13:35.300 --> 13:42.066 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

13:42.200 --> 13:45.300 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
So, this is the plant
from which he
makes the darts.

13:45.433 --> 13:51.266 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
Sanded with a special
tool made out of the
piranha's jaws...

13:51.400 --> 13:54.266 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
then apply the
curare, the toxin...

13:54.400 --> 13:58.066 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
the paralyzing toxin
to the tip and there
you have a dart to blow.

13:58.200 --> 14:00.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
They call it an arrow;
we call it a dart.

14:02.333 --> 14:03.633 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

14:04.066 --> 14:07.966 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
We only fish with hooks
for what we need and
the sharpest are darts...

14:08.100 --> 14:10.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:45%
We live free here,
peacefully.

14:10.800 --> 14:13.066 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
That's the way
of the Wao culture.

14:20.133 --> 14:22.500 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

14:22.633 --> 14:28.200 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
So, nothing is growing
under here because the
tree gives off chemicals.

14:28.333 --> 14:30.666 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
And it has different
species of ants growing
on it.

14:30.800 --> 14:31.666 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
Ah, there we go.

14:31.800 --> 14:33.900 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:47.5%
And I taste them...

14:34.033 --> 14:36.566 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and they do taste
just like lemon...

14:36.700 --> 14:39.400 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
a very strong
lemony flavor.

14:39.533 --> 14:42.466 align:start position:20% line:74% size:60%
And this much bigger ant
that also lives on
the tree...

14:42.600 --> 14:46.266 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
has formidable jaws
and if it clamps
on to bite you...

14:46.400 --> 14:47.566 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
it won't let go.

14:47.833 --> 14:49.666 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
So, the people who live
in the forest
have discovered...

14:49.800 --> 14:52.966 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
that if they get a cut,
they can take the ant...

14:53.100 --> 14:54.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
make the jaws close
the cut...

14:54.866 --> 14:56.900 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
then cut off the rest of
the body and leave it...

14:57.033 --> 14:59.400 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
and it acts as a suture.

15:00.233 --> 15:02.066 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

15:02.200 --> 15:05.900 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
They will drill wells
and then put explosions
in the earth.

15:06.033 --> 15:07.833 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
All the fish will die.

15:07.966 --> 15:12.900 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
They are prospecting
too close to the river.

15:16.633 --> 15:18.800 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

15:18.933 --> 15:20.633 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:47.5%
My name is Fabiano.

15:20.766 --> 15:22.600 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
My house is over there.

15:22.733 --> 15:24.900 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
I support the
ecotourism.

15:25.033 --> 15:28.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
The oil company is
doing bad things.

15:31.733 --> 15:33.066 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

15:33.200 --> 15:35.933 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
Extracting oil,
bringing lots of money,

15:36.066 --> 15:39.033 align:start position:40% line:74% size:22.5%
business,
all of it is going
to another country.

15:39.166 --> 15:41.500 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
We do not want to
live in a big house.

15:41.633 --> 15:45.000 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
We want wild areas
like the Wao lands.

15:45.133 --> 15:48.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
We want to live in
peace and quiet.

15:48.566 --> 15:50.400 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
They're harming
all of us.

15:50.533 --> 15:54.133 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
It is a shame.
Lying government.

15:54.266 --> 15:58.566 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
Right here, they should
respect our place
and our rights.

15:58.700 --> 16:00.766 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
Our land is being
attacked.

16:00.900 --> 16:03.633 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Better not to extract
oil at all.

16:05.100 --> 16:08.000 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

16:08.133 --> 16:11.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
Oil companies will be
here for eight months...

16:11.566 --> 16:12.533 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
then they leave.

16:12.666 --> 16:13.533 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
Good-bye.

16:13.666 --> 16:16.600 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
They will leave us
without anything.

16:16.733 --> 16:18.266 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:20%
Nothing.

16:18.400 --> 16:20.933 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:47.5%
So, I say: no more.

16:21.066 --> 16:22.700 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
This is all Wao.

16:23.666 --> 16:25.733 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
Where will the Wao live?

16:25.866 --> 16:27.733 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:52.5%
Wao culture is dying.

16:28.633 --> 16:33.533 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
There is another place
up there where
Petroamazonas moved in.

16:33.666 --> 16:36.066 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
They don't live
like Wao people.

16:36.200 --> 16:39.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
They have guns, drink
a lot, fight a lot.

16:45.933 --> 16:48.166 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
Part of this eco system
like, and imagine
what it is now...

16:48.300 --> 16:51.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
to have 300 people
comingfrom the city...

16:51.333 --> 16:55.000 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
and opening trails,
destroying their forest,
building campsites.

16:55.133 --> 16:58.200 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
But most of people,
they don't really know
what's going on.

16:58.333 --> 17:03.266 align:start position:30% line:74% size:42.5%
And they are just
suddenly meeting all of
these movement...

17:03.400 --> 17:06.966 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
in the river, all of
this money that is
coming into their lives

17:07.100 --> 17:08.433 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
and into their
communities.

17:08.566 --> 17:11.866 align:start position:32.5% line:74% size:37.5%
So, I would say
confusionis a good word
for it.

17:12.000 --> 17:15.066 align:start position:30% line:74% size:42.5%
Talking about the
ribbons we are basically
seeing dozens...

17:15.200 --> 17:19.166 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
hundreds, thousands of
trails and being opened...

17:19.300 --> 17:23.866 align:start position:30% line:74% size:42.5%
along all of this
beautiful territory and
being marked for what...

17:24.000 --> 17:26.200 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
will be seismic
development.

17:26.333 --> 17:29.133 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
Which are basically
lots of different
holes and explosions

17:29.266 --> 17:32.133 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
and these companies
are gonna scan
the earth...

17:32.266 --> 17:36.133 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
and see if there is oil
under this beautiful
land.

17:36.266 --> 17:39.966 align:start position:30% line:74% size:40%
This is a small,
poor country that
depends a lot on oil.

17:40.100 --> 17:45.033 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
Our national budget
depends tremendously
on the oil development...

17:45.166 --> 17:46.700 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
in the Amazon
rainforest.

17:46.833 --> 17:51.866 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
My perspective is that
you should balance the
opportunities...

17:52.000 --> 17:53.266 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
for development, right?

17:53.400 --> 17:56.200 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
There is constructive
development that we
respect...

17:56.333 --> 17:58.066 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and we understand
it that we need.

17:58.200 --> 18:00.400 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
But there is also other
type of developments...

18:00.533 --> 18:01.600 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
like this one,
like ecotourism...

18:01.733 --> 18:03.000 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
like sustainable
development...

18:03.133 --> 18:06.600 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
that would keep this
culture alive
which would be...

18:06.733 --> 18:09.866 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
it should be a global
crime to for cultures
like the Huaorani...

18:10.000 --> 18:13.133 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
to be over or
to be gone.

18:13.266 --> 18:17.233 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
But this ecotourism
venture is protecting
50,000 hectares...

18:17.366 --> 18:21.200 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
of primary rainforest
that belongs to five
indigenous communities...

18:21.333 --> 18:26.633 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
of the Huaorani people
who are 400 people who
were living on tourism.

18:26.766 --> 18:29.766 align:start position:37.5% line:74% size:27.5%
and getting
the income that
they need.

18:29.900 --> 18:32.433 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
You know, they don't,
they didn't need much
more than that.

18:32.566 --> 18:35.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
But basically, there was
this avalanche of cash...

18:35.800 --> 18:40.066 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
now going in because
of the, this rights that
the oil companies...

18:40.200 --> 18:41.933 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
got to come in here.

18:42.066 --> 18:44.200 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
The Amazon Region
belonged to settlers...

18:44.333 --> 18:46.666 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
and to indigenous groups
like the Huoaroni...

18:46.800 --> 18:49.000 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
We have dozens of
different nations.

18:49.133 --> 18:54.400 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
Ecuador is a country
that recognizes these
nations as they are...

18:54.533 --> 18:57.600 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
And they have the
ancestral territories...

18:57.733 --> 19:02.233 align:start position:20% line:74% size:62.5%
the land that where these
people's grandparents
were living on.

19:02.366 --> 19:05.400 align:start position:30% line:74% size:42.5%
The Huaorani were
supposedly
a millennium culture.

19:05.533 --> 19:07.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
They have the rights
of the use of land...

19:07.566 --> 19:09.366 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
but the land is not
theirs. It belongs
to the state

19:14.266 --> 19:24.233 align:start position:50% line:84.67% size:2.5%
♪

19:25.366 --> 19:29.400 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
It's early morning
on the Shirapuno River
after a big rain...

19:29.533 --> 19:35.800 align:start position:32.5% line:74% size:35%
last night and
the fog makes it hard
to see birds.

19:35.933 --> 19:37.966 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
But that doesn't
muffle the sound

19:38.100 --> 19:41.533 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
It's almost as good
hearing them as seeing█
them.

19:41.666 --> 19:50.166 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
(sounds of crickets)

19:50.300 --> 19:55.633 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
The Huaoranis most
significant Eco project
is the Huaorani Lodge.

19:55.766 --> 19:59.133 align:start position:30% line:74% size:42.5%
Jasci teamed with
community members
to build it...

19:59.266 --> 20:03.866 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
and it is a place
of places.

20:04.000 --> 20:06.466 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
I've never sat on a
bench park from a
dugout canoe.

20:06.600 --> 20:09.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
So thank you,that i
s a new one for me.

20:09.600 --> 20:11.266 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
Well, it's all about
recycling, right?

20:11.400 --> 20:12.433 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:42.5%
Yeah, yeah, yeah.

20:12.766 --> 20:14.566 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
The structure as you
saw it is a beautiful
place...

20:14.700 --> 20:17.833 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
five little cabins,
you know it's very
intimate property...

20:17.966 --> 20:19.333 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:37.5%
and experience.

20:19.466 --> 20:23.133 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
But the intention is
to just create an
ambiance for people...

20:23.266 --> 20:26.266 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
to explore like to
go out and learn
about these...

20:26.400 --> 20:29.333 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
conservation areas that
the communities have
developed.

20:35.600 --> 20:38.400 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
Dombai has demonstrated
a spear...

20:38.533 --> 20:41.833 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
which is particularly
adapted for hunting
a tapir...

20:41.966 --> 20:44.533 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
which can be very big,
four or five hundred
pounds.

20:44.666 --> 20:46.600 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
It's carved,
believe it or not...

20:46.733 --> 20:51.333 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
from a palm and it has
these barbs on it that
keep the animal...

20:51.466 --> 20:52.433 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
from escaping.

20:53.166 --> 21:00.266 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
Which you can see from
that sound how rigid
and strong the wood is.

21:02.500 --> 21:10.566 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
With this you can kill
large animal deer, taínos,
tapirs...

21:10.700 --> 21:14.133 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
and even jaguars when
they threaten us

21:21.333 --> 21:27.133 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
So, my name is a very
large powerful ant.

21:27.266 --> 21:28.833 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
Probably the bullet ant.

21:28.966 --> 21:31.500 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
it's a huge ant that
lives in nests up in
the trees...

21:31.633 --> 21:35.800 align:start position:20% line:74% size:60%
and inflicts a ferocious
bite as it protects
the tree.

21:35.933 --> 21:37.933 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
I think that's
appropriate.

21:38.066 --> 21:40.600 align:start position:50% line:84.67% size:2.5%
♪

21:40.733 --> 21:43.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
In Ecuador, we have very
few uncontacted tribes

21:43.666 --> 21:44.600 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
compared to other countries.

21:45.066 --> 21:48.666 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
So we have emblematic
ones, the ??
which are Huaroni.

21:48.800 --> 21:53.933 align:start position:32.5% line:74% size:37.5%
that decided to
separate as well
as the Taromenane

21:54.066 --> 21:56.833 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
which are not Huaroni.
This is a different
tribe.

21:56.966 --> 21:58.966 align:start position:30% line:74% size:42.5%
And they all live
together down
river inside...

21:59.100 --> 22:01.366 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
the Yasuni National
Park.

22:01.500 --> 22:06.733 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
Where several years
ago the zone called
the Intangible Zone

22:06.866 --> 22:10.366 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
was created with the
idea to protect these
two uncontacted tribes.

22:10.500 --> 22:14.100 align:start position:32.5% line:74% size:35%
And ideally an
intangible zone will be
in place where...

22:14.233 --> 22:15.200 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:37.5%
nobody will go.

22:15.600 --> 22:17.500 align:start position:30% line:74% size:42.5%
No one except the
people who live there
themselves.

22:17.633 --> 22:18.800 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:20%
Exactly.

22:19.233 --> 22:23.566 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
In practical terms,
in Ecuador at least,
an intangible zone...

22:23.700 --> 22:27.066 align:start position:20% line:74% size:50%
means that they have
the Huaroni who believe
that they own that land.

22:27.200 --> 22:29.933 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
You have a national
park that is handled
by...

22:30.066 --> 22:31.633 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
the environmental
authority.

22:31.766 --> 22:36.366 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
And you have an oil
block that who allows
for oil companies...

22:36.500 --> 22:40.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:50%
to do extraction and
exploitation of oil.

22:40.333 --> 22:41.966 align:start position:40% line:84.67% size:22.5%
(Spanish)

22:42.100 --> 22:45.700 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
Unfortunately, the
long-term history of
the Ecuadoran Amazon...

22:45.833 --> 22:50.600 align:start position:22.5% line:58% size:42.5%
has been a series
of conflicts caused
by oil companies...

22:50.733 --> 22:54.800 align:start position:25% line:58% size:50%
disrupting the lives
of indigenous villages
and people.

22:54.933 --> 22:59.866 align:start position:25% line:58% size:52.5%
Environmental damages
always create cultural
problems

23:00.066 --> 23:04.733 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
that affect how the
native peoples organize
their way of life.

23:04.866 --> 23:10.433 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
Oil exploration brings
with it a host of
disruptive activity.

23:13.366 --> 23:17.600 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
It is hard to say who
is the winner or loser
in the longrun.

23:17.733 --> 23:22.966 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
When these kinds of
conflicts appear,
someone has already lost.

23:23.100 --> 23:28.000 align:start position:25% line:74% size:52.5%
And here, especially,
communities suffering
environmental intrusion...

23:28.133 --> 23:32.300 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
always lose because
they break down the
mechanisms...

23:32.433 --> 23:33.833 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
that organize
their culture.

23:33.966 --> 23:36.900 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
From that point on,
they can only regroup
based on...

23:37.033 --> 23:39.366 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
whatever rights remain

23:39.500 --> 23:43.400 align:start position:30% line:74% size:40%
and to establish
minimum agreements
that they can only...

23:43.533 --> 23:45.700 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:40%
hope will create
the possibility

23:45.833 --> 23:50.033 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
that this conflict can
be transformed and
changed for the better.

23:51.200 --> 23:55.366 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
Most Ecuadorians don't
realize that their
countryis basically...

23:55.500 --> 24:00.466 align:start position:30% line:74% size:42.5%
an Amazon country
because most of it lies
in the Amazon basin.

24:00.600 --> 24:04.466 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
It is cloud forest and
rainforest and an
immense international...

24:04.600 --> 24:07.166 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:47.5%
planetary resource.

24:07.300 --> 24:10.700 align:start position:25% line:74% size:50%
In recent years, the
integrity of that
vast forest...

24:10.833 --> 24:12.900 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
has been compromised...

24:13.033 --> 24:17.066 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:57.5%
by the discovery of oil
and the development that
goes along with oil.

24:17.200 --> 24:21.633 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:47.5%
And the cultures of
the people of eastern
Ecuador are constantly...

24:21.766 --> 24:24.333 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:52.5%
threatened every day.

24:24.466 --> 24:30.766 align:start position:50% line:79.33% size:2.5%
♪
(native singing)

24:50.966 --> 24:53.933 align:start position:20% line:74% size:60%
Join me next time in the
americas,
with me David Yetman.

24:56.133 --> 25:00.533 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
In 1325 AD, Aztecs founded
a city in a lake

25:00.666 --> 25:03.233 align:start position:17.5% line:10% size:65%
in a high basin in central
Mexico

25:03.366 --> 25:05.400 align:start position:15% line:10% size:70%
They called it Tenochtitlán.

25:05.533 --> 25:10.533 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
Almost 2 centuries later,
Spanish conquered the city.

25:10.666 --> 25:13.200 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5%
And over the centuries, changed
to La Ciudad de México, Mexico .

25:13.333 --> 25:18.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:65%
That metropolis is now one
of the world█s great cities.

25:21.600 --> 25:25.100 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
So the houses are
pretty easily made.

25:25.233 --> 25:27.833 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
They have a native
bamboo that grows
very quickly.

25:27.966 --> 25:32.366 align:start position:27.5% line:74% size:45%
In one day, people
can make several of
these.

25:32.500 --> 25:33.866 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
They know how to
put them together.

25:34.166 --> 25:37.466 align:start position:22.5% line:74% size:55%
And they shield water,
and they get a couple
hundred inches of rain...

25:37.600 --> 25:40.300 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
a year. So it has to
be leak proof.

25:53.900 --> 25:56.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Funding for In the
Americas with David Yetman

25:56.933 --> 25:59.600 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
was provided by
Agnese Haury

26:05.633 --> 26:08.433 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:67.5%
Funding for In the Americas
with David Yetman

26:08.566 --> 26:11.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
was also provided by
the Guilford Fund.

26:20.866 --> 26:24.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
Copies of this and
other episodes

26:24.633 --> 26:27.466 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
of In the Americas
with David Yetman

26:27.600 --> 26:29.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
are available from
the Southwest Center

26:29.966 --> 26:32.200 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
to order call
1-800-937-8632

26:32.333 --> 26:35.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
Please mention the episode
number and program title

26:36.700 --> 26:39.800 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:42.5%
Please be sure to
visit us at intheamericas.com

26:39.933 --> 26:43.000 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
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