IN THE EXTREME SOUTHERN

PORTION OF THE AMERICAS,

SPANIARDS FOUND ON THE

PACIFIC COAST A LAND

OF STEAMING VOLCANOES, POUNDING

RIVERS, ALIEN TREES AND MAPUCHE

INDIANS WHO RESISTED

THEIR ADVANCE.

SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS LATER,

CHILEANS INVITED OTHER

EUROPEANS TO SETTLE

AND STAMP THE LANDSCAPE

WITH THEIR CULTURE.

FUNDING FOR IN THE

AMERICAS WITH DAVID YETMAN

WAS PROVIDED

BY AGNES HAURY.

♪ MUSIC ♪

THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE IS OVER

3, 000 MILES LONG

AND SELDOM MORE THAN ABOUT

A HUNDRED MILES WIDE.

THE CAPITAL CITY OF SANTIAGO

LIES ROUGHLY IN THE CENTER.

TO THE NORTH THE COUNTRY

IS SEMI ARID TO HYPER ARID

WITH THE DRIEST

DESERTS IN THE WORLD.

TO THE SOUTH THE CLIMATE

BECOMES MORE AND MORE MOIST

AND GRADUALLY YOU ENCOUNTER A

LAND OF VOLCANOES,

GLACIERS, SNOW PACKS, WILD

RIVERS AND RAINFORESTS.

IT IS ONE OF THE WONDERS

OF THE AMERICAS.

IT'S A GOOD REASON THAT THIS IS

CALLED THE BAJA DE LA LUNA,

THE VALLEY OF THE MOON.

IT'S A MOONSCAPE AND IT'S

ALL THE RESULT OF

THE WORK OF THE LLAIMA

VOLCANO UP HERE.

FOR THE LAST 7,000 YEARS OR SO

IT'S BEEN BLASTING THIS VALLEY.

IN SOME PLACES THE VEGETATION,

WHICH IS PRETTY RICH,

HAS BEEN PRESERVED.

IT'S OUT OF THE WAY OF THE LAVA

FLOWS BUT NOTHING

WILL PRESERVE ANY VEGETATION

FROM SOMETHING LIKE THIS

WHICH IS A VOLCANIC BOMB.

ONE OF THE IRONIES OF

VOLCANIC EXPLOSIONS IS

THAT THEY KILL EVERYTHING

AROUND BUT THEY ALSO GIVE BIRTH.

THESE SOILS THEY LEAVE ARE

VERY RICH AND HERE WE SEE

A LITTLE CONIFER THAT WILL

ONE DAY BE 90 TO 100 FEET TALL,

JUST LIKE THOSE

UP ON THE HILLSIDE.

THIS LAVA BED'S PRETTY

EASY TO WALK ON.

IT'S KIND OF NICE.

THE LAVA IS CALLED AA,

HAWAIIAN TERM FOR

THE REALLY ROUGH CRUNCHY STUFF

THAT CAME OUT OF THE VOLCANO

UP THERE AND FLOWED DOWN AND

PLUGGED UP THE CANYON

AND MADE THE LAKE.

BUT AFTERWARDS THERE WAS A

HUGE MASSIVE ERUPTION OF ASH

AND IT BLEW DOWN HERE

AND THE WIND BLEW IT

AND IT SETTLED IN

ALL THE CRACKS.

HEY, THERE'S A PLANT.

THERE'S EVEN PLANTS

GROWING IN THIS LAVA

WHICH MEANS PLANTS CAN

GROW IN ANYTHING,

EVEN IN THE VALLEY

OF THE MOON.

THE TOWERING FEATURE OF THE PARK

OF COURSE IS THE LLAIMA VOLCANO.

BUT EVEN IF IT

WEREN'T THERE,

IT HAS SOME FORESTS THAT

ARE THE BEGINNING PART OF

THE SOUTHERN FORESTS OF

CHILE THAT ARE UNLIKE

ANY OTHERS IN THE WORLD.

THEY HAVE A VERY, VERY

OLD SPECIES OF CONIFERS,

TREES THAT ARE 4,000

OR 5,000 YEARS OLD,

STRANGE AND WONDERFUL

FORESTS AND THERE ARE LAKES

ALSO DUE TO THE MOUNTAINS

BUT LAKES OF VARIOUS COLORS.

THERE'S ONE CALLED LAGUNA

VERDE THAT IS SORT OF A

GREENISH COLOR WHICH IS

WHAT THE NAME MEANS.

SO IT'S QUITE A CLIMB UP,

OUT OF LAKE CONGUILLÍO.

BUT TO GET TO THE PLACE WHERE

YOU CAN GET THE BIG PICTURE,

SEE WHAT'S REALLY

GOING ON IN THE PARK,

YOU HAVE TO DO A LOT OF

CLIMBING SO UP THE TRAIL

WE GO INTO THE

DENSE BLACK FOREST.

EVEN MORE UNUSUAL THAN THE

VOLCANOES IS THIS TREE.

IT'S CALLED THE

PEWEN LOCALLY.

IT'S SCIENTIFIC

NAME IS ARAUCARIA.

IT'S ALSO CALLED THE

MONKEY PUZZLE TREE.

IT'S FOUND ONLY IN THE

SOUTHERN PART OF THE ANDES

IN CHILE AND

IN NEW ZEALAND.

IT DOESN'T HAVE NEEDLES.

IT IS OLDER THAN THE

TREES THAT HAVE NEEDLES.

IT'S FROM JURASSIC TIMES.

IT'S A LIVING FOSSIL.

THESE LITTLE PRECURSORS

TO NEEDLES ARE VERY,

VERY SHARP BUT THE LOCAL

MAPUCHE PEOPLE HAVE LEARNED

TO HARVEST THE CONES THAT ARE

FULL OF A VERY NUTRITIOUS NUT.

THE MONKEY PUZZLE TREES

HAVE A NUMBER OF UNUSUAL

CHARACTERISTICS.

THEY'RE DIOECIOUS, THAT

MEANS THEY HAVE BOTH MALE

AND FEMALE TREES AND THE

FEMALES DON'T BECOME

SEXUALLY ACTIVE UNTIL

THEY'RE 350 YEARS OLD.

UP ON TOP OF THE RIDGE THE

WIND'S BLOWING ABOUT

30 MILES AN HOUR AND

IT DOESN'T MATTER.

THERE'S A WATERFALL OVER

THERE WITH A RAINBOW,

A GLACIER UP ABOVE AND

THESE ARAUCARIA TREES

THAT LOOK LIKE NOTHING MORE

THAN INVERTED PARSNIPS

COMING OUT OF THE GROUND,

A HUNDRED MILLION OF THEM.

I'M NOT SURE WHERE I AM.

HAD TO CLIMB UP

ABOUT OVER 1, 000 FEET

TO GET THIS VIEW

AND WHAT A PRIVILEGE

TO BE ABLE TO STAND UP

HERE AND TAKE IT.

THE VOLCANO HAS CREATED

ALL THESE LAVA FLOWS

WHICH PLUG UP THE VALLEYS AND

CREATE THESE LAKES.

IT'S JUST A WONDERFUL

THING TO SEE HAPPENING.

AND THE LEVELS RISE AND

FALL DEPENDING ON

HOW MUCH SNOW MELT THERE IS.

THEN UP ABOVE US

THERE IS A GLACIER,

SMALL ONE BUT A

GLACIER NEVERTHELESS.

THIS RIDGE REALLY

IS A KNIFE EDGE.

ON ONE SIDE THERE'S A DEEP

CANYON AND ON THIS SIDE

IS THE BASIN OR THE LAKE IN IT

AND I THINK I'M FAR ENOUGH AWAY

FROM LLAIMA VOLCANO THAT IF IT

DOES ERUPT IT WON'T GET ME.

IT LOOKS LIKE THERE'S A

LITTLE STUFF

COMING OUT OF THE SIDE THERE.

NEAR THE COAST IN THE

SOUTH CENTRAL PART OF THE

COUNTRY IS THE LARGEST SALT LAKE

IN ALL OF SOUTH AMERICA.

AROUND IT AND INLAND

LIVE THE MAPUCHE PEOPLE.

THIS DRUM IS ACTUALLY A

REPRODUCTION OF WHERE

THEY ARE IN THE UNIVERSE.

THE MAPUCHE FROM RIGHT

HERE ARE IN THE CENTER.

WHEN HE'S

BEATING THE DRUM,

THAT'S AN

INDICATION OF THEM.

EACH DIRECTION REFERS

TO FOUR OTHER DIFFERENT PEOPLES.

ONE IN THE DIRECTION

OF THE SEA,

ONE IN THE DIRECTION OF

THE ANDES TO THE EAST,

ONE OF ANOTHER PEOPLE

TO THE NORTH

AND ANOTHER PEOPLE TO THE SOUTH.

EVEN WITH THE WIND AND THE

FOG THE HARVEST MUST GO ON.

SO THEY BROUGHT ALL THESE

SHEAVES OF WHEAT UP HERE

AND WITH THE HELP OF THE

PATIENT AND LOVING OXEN.

AND THEY WILL LEAVE THIS

HERE AND A MECHANICAL THRESHER

WILL COME IN AND

STOMP THIS DOWN AND THEY CAN

ONLY PRAY THAT IT DOESN'T

RAIN AND THE GRAIN GET WET

BECAUSE THE WINNOWING WON'T

WORK AT ALL ONCE IT'S WET.

SO THE WHEAT, IT DOESN'T TAKE

MUCH TO REMOVE IT FROM THE HUSK

AND THERE YOU HAVE THE

LOVELY KERNELS OF WHEAT.

IF YOU THROW IT

UP IN THE AIR,

YOU GET MORE WHEAT COMING

DOWN AND IF YOU DO IT AGAIN,

BETTER THAN I DO,

YOU GET MOST OF THE

CHAFF BLOWN AWAY AND YOU WIND

UP WITH PURE KERNELS OF WHEAT.

THE TRADITIONAL MAPUCHE

CEREMONY CONSISTS OF

A BEGINNING BY A YOUNGER

PERSON INTRODUCING

AN ELDER WHO THEN INTRODUCES

AN OLD WOMAN WHO TELLS

A STORY IN MAPUCHE LANGUAGE.

AND THAT'S FOLLOWED BY A

CEREMONY OF THE HARVEST

AND THAT ULTIMATELY THEN

IS FOLLOWED BY A DANCE

ALL THE WAY AROUND THE PLAZA

TO DRUMS AND FLUTES

AND HORNS AND

WHATEVER TRADITIONAL

INSTRUMENTS

HAVE BEEN ASSEMBLED,

MUCH TO THE GREAT DELIGHT OF

EVERYBODY HERE.

THE FLAGS HAVE A SPECIAL

SIGNIFICANCE HERE.

YOU HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND

THAT THEY HAVE SIX MONTHS

OF VERY TOUGH WEATHER HERE

IN THE SOUTHERN PART

OF CHILE WHEN IT'S RAINING

ALMOST ALL THE TIME SO

THEY LOVE IT WHEN IT CLEARS UP

AND THE WHITE PART OF THE

FLAG IS FOR GOOD WEATHER,

THE BLACK IS FOR THE OTHER

KIND OF WEATHER THAT MAY

BRING RAIN BUT THEY

NEED AN EQUILIBRIUM

AND SO THE WHITE AND BLACK

ARE A BALANCE OF NATURE.

THE BLUE

REPRESENTS THE SKY.

SO ALL THOSE ARE VERY SYMBOLIC

FOR THE CHANGE OF SEASONS,

THE CONTROL OF HARVEST.

THIS OBVIOUSLY ISN'T

A HUGE CEREMONY.

IT'S AN ATTEMPT TO BUY THE

LEADERS OF THIS COMMUNITY

TO BRING BACK SOME OF THE

TRADITIONS BECAUSE THEY'RE

VERY AWARE THAT THEY

ARE LOSING THEM

AND UNLESS THEY DO

SOMETHING TO RESCUE THEM,

IT WILL BE LOST FOR THEIR

CHILDREN AND THEN FOREVER.

I WASN'T TOO EAGER TO JOIN

IN ON THE DANCING

AND PROCESSION BUT WHEN IT

COMES TO FERMENTED BEVERAGES,

I'M ALWAYS WILLING

TO BE A GUINEA PIG

AND PARTICIPATE IN THE

HIGHEST SPIRITUALITY OFFERED.

HERE IT COMES.

I'M IN.

THIS MAPUCHE FEAST IS

BASED MOSTLY ON WHEAT.

THIS IS HORSE MEAT AND I

THINK I'LL FOREGO THAT

BUT THIS IS ALGAE

FROM THE NEARBY SEA.

WE'LL TRY THAT AND I'LL

PUT A LITTLE BIT OF THIS

SORT OF BARLEY WHICH HAS

BEEN TOASTED IN ASHES,

SHOULD BE A GOOD COMBINATION.

LET'S SEE IF I CAN DO IT WITHOUT

SPILLING IT ALL OVER EVERYTHING.

MMM.

IT'S REALLY QUITE TASTY.

IT HAS A GOOD

MIXTURE OF FLAVORS,

PARTICULARLY THE ALGAE HAS

A NICE FEEL AND TASTE TO IT.

THE MAPUCHE WERE

THE MOST RESISTANT,

THE FIERCEST OPPONENTS OF

THE SPANISH BUT TODAY

THEY HAVE INCORPORATED

FOOD BROUGHT FROM EUROPE

BY THE SPANIARDS INTO

THEIR BASIC DIET.

ONE OF THE MOST UNUSUAL

ASPECTS OF THE CULTURE

OF THE MAPUCHE IS

THEIR CHICKENS.

THEY LAY BLUE EGGS.

THE PURE STRAINS ARE NOT

RELATED TO OTHER STRAINS

OF CHICKENS THAT

CAME FROM EUROPE.

GENETIC STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT

THEIR ORIGIN IS IN POLYNESIA

AND SOMEHOW THEY MADE IT HERE

ACROSS THE PACIFIC.

THIS MEANS THAT THE MAPUCHE MAY

HAVE HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS

TO OTHER PEOPLES UNLIKE

ANY OTHER PEOPLE

IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.

I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO

SEEING THE BOAT THAT

HERNÁN HAS MADE,

THE DUGOUT.

HE TELLS ME IT'S...AH,

THERE IT IS.

HE SAYS IT'S THREE

METERS LONG, 10 FEET.

IT'S MADE OF OAK.

OH, MY GOSH!

YES, IT'S MADE OUT OF OAK.

BOY, THAT'S BEAUTIFUL!

WAMPO.

ALL RIGHT, THIS

IS CALLED A WAMPO.

THE WAY THEY FISH HERE IS

NOT WITH A NET OR WITH

A FISHING LINE BUT THEY

LITERALLY SPEAR THEM.

I GET THE FEELING THAT

HERNÁN HAS DONE THIS BEFORE

AND I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT

HE STAYS UPRIGHT IN THAT.

I'M GLAD I'M NOT THERE.

THE IDEA OF THESE BOATS

WAS NOT ONLY TO FISH,

THAT WAS IMPORTANT, BUT

TO TRANSPORT PEOPLE

AND GOODS ACROSS THE RIVER.

THAT'S A LONG WAY AND IF THEY

HAD STUFF TO BRING TO TOWN,

THERE'S NO WAY

THEY COULD GET ACROSS.

THAT WAS BEFORE THE BRIDGE

WAS MADE BUT EVEN NOW

IT'S IDEAL FOR FISHING.

AND HOW HE KEEPS

HIS BALANCE,

I THINK IT TAKES PRACTICE.

THE MAPUCHE NOW OCCUPY

ONLY A TINY PORTION OF

THE LAND THAT WAS

PREVIOUSLY THEIRS,

A VAST TERRITORY OF

RIVERS, LAKES AND FORESTS.

I GET THE FEELING THAT

I'M IN A PRIMEVAL FOREST,

SEEING FOR THE FIRST

TIME AN UNEXPLORED

AND UNKNOWN WATERFALL BUT I

HAVE TO REMIND MYSELF THAT

THERE HAVE BEEN PEOPLE IN THIS

AREA FOR OVER 13, 000 YEARS

AND SPANIARDS TRYING TO COLONIZE

ARRIVED HERE 450 YEARS AGO

AND THAT'S 60 YEARS BEFORE

THE PILGRIMS ARRIVED

AT PLYMOUTH ROCK SO I'M

REALLY A LATECOMER.

SO I CAN NOW SEE THE

FALLS IN THE DISTANCE

AND IF I CAN MAKE IT

ACROSS THESE LOGS,

I'LL ACTUALLY BE

ABLE TO GET THERE.

EVERYTHING'S SLICK HERE

BECAUSE OF THE SPRAY

THAT REACHES THIS FAR DOWN.

THIS IS THE LION FALLS.

IT'S ONE OF DOZENS

THAT COME OVER

THE SIDE OF THE

VILLARRICA VOLCANO.

IT NEVER DRIES OUT HERE.

THIS IS IN A LOW FLOW

SEASON SO WE CAN IMAGINE

HOW ENORMOUS IT MUST BE

WHEN IT'S REALLY ROARING.

AND THE MONKEY FLOWER

I SAW AT THE FALLS,

THEY ALL BENEFIT BY

HAVING PERMANENT SPRAY.

IT WOULDN'T BE A GOOD

PLACE FOR THE CACTI THAT

I'M USED TO IN ARIZONA.

IT'S A PERMANENTLY WET OASIS

WITHIN AN OASIS WITHIN AN OASIS.

THE ONE I'M LOOKING FOR

IS WHAT THEY CALL COIHUE,

WHICH IS A HUGE TREE RELATED

TO THE OAKS AND HERE IS ONE.

THIS IS HUGE.

I DON'T KNOW HOW BIG

AROUND IT IS BUT, OKAY,

MY FINGERTIPS ARE ABOUT, A

LITTLE OVER SIX FEET SO IF

WE CAN MULTIPLY THAT

BY FOUR OR FIVE,

THAT'S FIVE

YETMAN WINGTIPS,

IT'S GOT TO BE AT LEAST 25

FEET IN CIRCUMFERENCE BUT

IT'S GOT TO BE AT LEAST

150 FEET TALL, MAYBE MORE.

AND THEY TELL ME THAT THESE LIVE

BETWEEN 250 AND 300 YEARS.

IN SOUTH AMERICA THEY HAVE

GOBS OF FLOWERS THAT

I CAN'T EVEN COME

CLOSE TO IDENTIFYING.

I DO KNOW THAT THIS ONE

IS LIKE A DANDELION.

IT'S A DASTARDLY

YELLOW COMPOSITE.

AND THIS ONE

MIGHT BE A ROSE.

THEY CALL IT ARRAYAN HERE.

IT DOESN'T HAVE ANY

SMELL AND THIS ONE I CAN

GUARANTEE YOU IS A FUCHSIA

WITH PURPLE FLOWERS AND

THESE WONDERFUL

SEPALS OF RED.

WHAT A GORGEOUS

COMBINATION.

THE BUMBLEBEES AREN'T

LOOKING FOR POLLEN.

THEY'RE LOOKING FOR NECTAR AND

THEY FIND IT BEST AT THE BASE.

THEY CAN'T GET INSIDE

THERE SO THEY CHEW HOLES

RIGHT AT THE VERY

BOTTOM OF THE FLOWER

AND THEY SUCK THE NECTAR

OUT OF THOSE HOLES.

THIS IS THE FORT THE

SPANIARDS CALLED NIEBLA.

THEY COULDN'T VERY

WELL PROTECT THEMSELVES

FROM THE MAPUCHE COMING

FROM THE INLAND BUT THEY

JOLLY WELL WERE ABLE TO

PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM

PIRATES AS THEY CALL THEM FROM

ENGLAND, FRANCE AND HOLLAND.

SO THEY BUILT

THIS FORT HERE,

ONE ON AN ISLAND OVER THERE

AND ONE ACROSS THE WAY

THAT GAVE AN IMPREGNABLE

FORTRESS QUALITY,

THE VALDIVIA, AND LASTED THEM

FOR OVER 150 YEARS

AND THEN CHILE WELL AFTER THAT.

WHEN THIS AREA ACHIEVED

INDEPENDENCE IN 1820,

THE NEW GOVERNMENT WANTED

TO DEVELOP THE AREA.

AN IMMIGRATION TREATY

WAS SIGNED IN 1848.

IMMIGRANTS

STARTED TO COME.

THEY CAME AND

SETTLED IN VALDIVIA

AND LLANQUIHUE AND FRUTILLAR.

SOME INTERMARRIED WITH

SOME OF THE LOCALS BUT

THE GERMANS ARE THE PRINCIPLE

GROUP OF IMMIGRANTS FOUND HERE.

GERMAN IMMIGRANTS FOUNDED

THE TOWN OF FRUTILLAR AT

THE END OF THE

19TH CENTURY.

THEY BROUGHT WITH THEM

FROM GERMANY THEIR

ARCHITECTURAL STYLES WHICH

INCLUDED THE SORT OF

GINGERBREAD HOUSE STYLE THAT

MIGHT HAVE COME FROM BAVARIA.

I NEVER DID EXPECT TO

SEE A CHESS MATCH

HERE IN SOUTHERN CHILE.

AND NOT JUST AN ORDINARY CHESS

BOARD BUT A KIND OF BIG ONE.

THIS SIGN SAYS THAT THE

COLONEL VICENTE PEREZ ROSALES

WHO WAS CHILEAN

SAID TO THE FIRST GERMAN

SETTLERS,

'BE ACTIVE, PRUDENT

AND HONORABLE

AND THE SKY WILL BLESS

YOUR WORK, '

AND THEY TOOK

HIM SERIOUSLY.

IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH

CENTURY THE CHILEAN GOVERNMENT

OFFERED GERMANS

VIRTUALLY FREE LAND IF

THEY WOULD COME SETTLE HERE IN

THE SOUTHERN PART OF CHILE

AND THEY BROUGHT WITH THEM THEIR

MOST IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES.

THE MOST IMPORTANT

OF ALL WAS BEER.

SO HERE I AM IN HEIDELBERG

AT THE OKTOBERFEST.

OH, I'M SORRY,

I'M IN CHILE.

I'M IN VALDIVIA.

GRACIAS, LAS TRAVESA.

I INITIALLY WANTED TO

ORDER TWO OR THREE OF

THESE BUT I'M GOING TO

DRINK THIS ONE FIRST

BEFORE I START ON THE

SECOND AND THIRD ONES,

BUT TO THE GERMANS FOR

IMPROVING THE INDUSTRY OF

SOUTHERN CHILE 100

YEARS OR SO AGO.

THIS IS NOT TYPICAL

CHILEAN FOOD.

THIS IS GERMAN FOOD.

FORTUNATELY YOU CAN GET IT HERE

AND IT'S VERY, VERY GOOD.

THANKS TO THE IMMIGRANTS.

WOW, THAT WAS GREAT.

I HOPE THAT COME

THE WORLD CUP,

THE FINAL MATCH IS BETWEEN CHILE

AND GERMANY AND CHILE WINS.

ONE MORE OF THESE,

AS WE SAY IN SPANISH,

UNO MAS Y NOS VAMOS, ONE

MORE, I'LL BE OUT OF HERE.

AH!

GERMANS BROUGHT BEER

BUT ITALIANS BROUGHT

THEIR OWN TREASURE, PROSCIUTTO.

THE SMALL TOWN OF CAPITÁN

PASTENE SITS IN SPLENDID

ISOLATION A COUPLE HUNDRED

MILES TO THE NORTH.

WE BELIEVE THAT 60 TO 70

PERCENT OF THE POPULATION

HERE ARE ITALIAN DESCENDENTS.

SOME INTERMARRIED WITH NATIVES

BUT THEIR RELATIVES

COME FROM ITALY.

WE ARE GRANDCHILDREN OF

ITALIANS WHICH MAKES US

SECOND GENERATION ITALIANS.

THE ART OF MAKING

PROSCIUTTO,

SALAMI AND CURING HAM

IS ONE WE LEARNED AS

WE WERE GROWING UP AS KIDS.

IT WAS PASSED ON THROUGH

THE GENERATIONS,

TRANSPLANTED

HERE FROM ITALY.

THIS TOWN IS A RESULT OF

A COLONIZATION PROJECT

BETWEEN CHILEAN AND

ITALIAN GOVERNMENTS.

CHILE WANTED TO

FOSTER DEVELOPMENT

IN FALLOW COUNTRYSIDE.

THE INITIAL IDEA WAS TO

BRING OVER 100 FARMERS

FROM THE NORTHERN PART OF ITALY.

WHEN THE MILL WAS BUILT,

IT MADE A HUGE DIFFERENCE

IN THE LIVES OF THE

FAMILIES HERE BECAUSE THEY

NO LONGER HAD TO GRIND

THEIR OWN WHEAT,

THEY COULD BRING IT HERE

AND EVEN NOWADAYS $3.50

TO GRIND 100 POUNDS OF

WHEAT INTO FLOUR,

IT MAKES AN ENORMOUS

DIFFERENCE IN THE ABILITY

OF FAMILIES TO PROVIDE

FOR THEMSELVES.

IN 1904 35 FAMILIES

EMBARKED ON A BOAT FROM A

PORT IN FRANCE AND UPON

ARRIVING ON THE CHILEAN

COAST THEY TRAVELED

INLAND BY CART, ON FOOT,

ON HORSEBACK UNTIL THEY

ARRIVED HERE IN CAPITÁN PASTENE.

THEY FOUND ABSOLUTELY NOTHING

HERE WHEN THEY ARRIVED.

HOWEVER, THEY WERE HIGHLY

MOTIVATED AND TENACIOUS.

THEIR OBJECTIVE WAS TO BETTER

THE LIVES OF THEIR FAMILIES.

ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THE

ITALIANS BROUGHT WITH THEM

WAS CERTAINLY GRAPES AND

GRAPES HAVE MORPHED INTO

THE FINEST OF WINES HERE

IN CHILE AS WELL AS TABLE

GRAPES AND THE ITALIANS

HAVE LEFT THEIR CULINARY

FINESSE WITH THE ENTIRE

COUNTRY AND NOWHERE IN ALL

OF CHILE CAN YOU GET

BETTER FOOD THAN HERE.

53 FAMILIES STAYED AND

ACHIEVED THEIR GOAL.

HERE COMES THEIR

LIVING PROOF.

AH.

THIS IS JUST A SAMPLE OF

THE PRODUCTS MADE HERE.

OH, MY GOODNESS,

LOOK AT THAT.

I'VE BEEN INSTRUCTED

TO USE MY FINGERS.

PROSCIUTTO FOR EVERYTHING.

OH, MY GOODNESS!

I HAVE NEVER HAD

PROSCIUTTO SO GOOD.

IF THE OTHERS ARE

AS GOOD AS THIS,

I'M GOING TO STAY HERE AND

LET THE REST OF THE WORLD GO ON.

ITALIA Y CHILE!

SALUTE.

WHETHER YOU ARE

ITALIAN, GERMAN, MAPUCHE

OR OF MIXED ORIGIN

THE LAKE COUNTRY STILL BECKONS.

IT'S A RECREATIONAL

PARADISE EVEN WITH

RUMBLINGS FROM

THE RING OF FIRE.

THIS IS A SUNDAY AFTERNOON AT

THE END OF SUMMER

IN LAKE LLANQUIHUE.

PEOPLE ARE HAVING A

MARVELOUS TIME THINKING

OF THE RAIN THAT

SOON WILL COME.

THEY DON'T SEEM TO BE

BOTHERED BY THE FACT THAT

30 MILES TO THE EAST

LIES THE SLUMBERING

VOLCANO CALLED OSORNO.

OSORNO IS ONLY A LITTLE

OVER 9,000 FEET HIGH, BUT ,

IT IS SO DOMINATING OF THE

LANDSCAPE THAT FROM OUT TO

SEA TO THE SOUTH 100 MILES

AWAY YOU CAN STILL SEE IT.

THE SNOW, THE PERFECTION

OF THE CONE JUST STAND OUT

ON A CLEAR DAY.

IT'S PART OF

CHILE'S RIM OF FIRE,

A SERIES OF VOLCANOES THAT BEGAN

3, 000 MILES TO THE NORTH

AND MAKE BOTH FOR

VOLCANIC INSTABILITY

HERE AS WELL AS PROVIDING

FERTILIZING ASH

FLOWS FOR ALL THIS

GREENERY THAT WE SEE OUT

HERE SO THE VOLCANOES

DESTROY AND THEN THEY GIVE.

THE WATERFALLS HERE AT

PICHIHUE HAVE BECOME ONE

OF CHILE'S TOP TOURIST

ATTRACTIONS FOR GOOD REASON.

CHILEANS AND FOREIGNERS

ALIKE JUST FLOCK HERE

AND THANKS TO THE VOLCANIC

ACTIVITY IN THIS VALLEY

WE HAD A MASSIVE LAVA FLOW

A FEW THOUSAND YEARS AGO

THAT PLUGGED UP THE BOTTOM

OF THE RIVER AND GRADUALLY

THE WATER BROKE THROUGH

AND CREATED THIS CRAZY

NETWORK OF CHANNELS,

UNDERGROUND FLOWS,

COLUMNAR BASALTS AND

HUGE POOLS THAT

BOATS CAN ACTUALLY GET INTO.

THE TOWN OF CONCÓN IN

SOUTHERN CHILE NOW

ATTRACTS MORE OUTDOOR

ADVENTURISTS THAN ANY

OTHER PLACE IN SOUTH

AMERICA AND VOLCANO WATCHING.

IT'S BEEN OVER 450 YEARS

SINCE SPANIARDS FIRST

ARRIVED HERE IN SOUTHERN CHILE

AND ATTEMPTED TO

ESTABLISH THEIR CULTURE.

AFTER ALL THESE CENTURIES,

SEVERAL GROUPS STILL

RETAIN THEIR IDENTITY

AND MAKE CHILE INTO THE

ETHNICALLY DIVERSE

COUNTRY THAT IT IS TODAY.

COLONIES OF EXPATRIATE

JAPANESE CAN BE FOUND IN

MANY CITIES OF THE WORLD

INCLUDING THE MEGOPOLIS OF SAN

PAULO, BRAZIL.

ONE SMALL TOWN OF

JAPANESE IMMIGRANTS

IN THE HEART OF THE AMAZON

FLOURISHES TODAY.

ITS FORTUNES ARE

BASED ON BLACK PEPPER,

FRUIT PULP AND AN ENDURING

SENSE OF COMMUNITY.

JOIN US NEXT TIME IN

THE AMERICAS WITH ME,

DAVID YETMAN.

SO THE RIVER STARTS

OFF REAL PLACID.

IT LOOKS LIKE NOTHING.

BUT THEN WE GO THROUGH A

PRETTY GOOD RAPID

AND THEN A REAL ONE, THE

DEVIL'S THROAT.

OKAY, HERE GOES.

[SCREAMING]

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WITH DAVID YETMAN

WAS PROVIDED BY AGNES HAURY.

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