WEBVTT

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IN THE EXTREME SOUTHERN
PORTION OF THE AMERICAS,

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SPANIARDS FOUND ON THE
PACIFIC COAST A LAND

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OF STEAMING VOLCANOES, POUNDING
RIVERS, ALIEN TREES AND MAPUCHE

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INDIANS WHO RESISTED
THEIR ADVANCE.

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SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS LATER,

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CHILEANS INVITED OTHER
EUROPEANS TO SETTLE

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AND STAMP THE LANDSCAPE
WITH THEIR CULTURE.

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FUNDING FOR<i> IN THE</i>&nbsp;
<i> AMERICAS WITH DAVID YETMAN</i>

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WAS PROVIDED
BY AGNES HAURY.

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♪ MUSIC ♪

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THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE IS OVER
3, 000 MILES LONG

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AND SELDOM MORE THAN ABOUT
A HUNDRED MILES WIDE.

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THE CAPITAL CITY OF SANTIAGO
LIES ROUGHLY IN THE CENTER.

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TO THE NORTH THE COUNTRY
IS SEMI ARID TO HYPER ARID

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WITH THE DRIEST
DESERTS IN THE WORLD.

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TO THE SOUTH THE CLIMATE
BECOMES MORE AND MORE MOIST

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AND GRADUALLY YOU ENCOUNTER A
LAND OF VOLCANOES,

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GLACIERS, SNOW PACKS, WILD
RIVERS AND RAINFORESTS.

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IT IS ONE OF THE WONDERS
OF THE AMERICAS.

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IT'S A GOOD REASON THAT THIS IS
CALLED THE BAJA DE LA LUNA,

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THE VALLEY OF THE MOON.

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IT'S A MOONSCAPE AND IT'S
ALL THE RESULT OF

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THE WORK OF THE LLAIMA
VOLCANO UP HERE.

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FOR THE LAST 7,000 YEARS OR SO
IT'S BEEN BLASTING THIS VALLEY.

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IN SOME PLACES THE VEGETATION,
WHICH IS PRETTY RICH,

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HAS BEEN PRESERVED.

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IT'S OUT OF THE WAY OF THE LAVA
FLOWS BUT NOTHING

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WILL PRESERVE ANY VEGETATION
FROM SOMETHING LIKE THIS

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WHICH IS A VOLCANIC BOMB.

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ONE OF THE IRONIES OF
VOLCANIC EXPLOSIONS IS

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THAT THEY KILL EVERYTHING
AROUND BUT THEY ALSO GIVE BIRTH.

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THESE SOILS THEY LEAVE ARE
VERY RICH AND HERE WE SEE

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A LITTLE CONIFER THAT WILL
ONE DAY BE 90 TO 100 FEET TALL,

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JUST LIKE THOSE
UP ON THE HILLSIDE.

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THIS LAVA BED'S PRETTY
EASY TO WALK ON.

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IT'S KIND OF NICE.

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THE LAVA IS CALLED AA,
HAWAIIAN TERM FOR

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THE REALLY ROUGH CRUNCHY STUFF
THAT CAME OUT OF THE VOLCANO

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UP THERE AND FLOWED DOWN AND
PLUGGED UP THE CANYON

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AND MADE THE LAKE.

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BUT AFTERWARDS THERE WAS A
HUGE MASSIVE ERUPTION OF ASH

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AND IT BLEW DOWN HERE
AND THE WIND BLEW IT

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AND IT SETTLED IN
ALL THE CRACKS.

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HEY, THERE'S A PLANT.

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THERE'S EVEN PLANTS
GROWING IN THIS LAVA

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WHICH MEANS PLANTS CAN
GROW IN ANYTHING,

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EVEN IN THE VALLEY
OF THE MOON.

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THE TOWERING FEATURE OF THE PARK
OF COURSE IS THE LLAIMA VOLCANO.

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BUT EVEN IF IT
WEREN'T THERE,

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IT HAS SOME FORESTS THAT
ARE THE BEGINNING PART OF

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THE SOUTHERN FORESTS OF
CHILE THAT ARE UNLIKE

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ANY OTHERS IN THE WORLD.

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THEY HAVE A VERY, VERY
OLD SPECIES OF CONIFERS,

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TREES THAT ARE 4,000
OR 5,000 YEARS OLD,

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STRANGE AND WONDERFUL
FORESTS AND THERE ARE LAKES

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ALSO DUE TO THE MOUNTAINS
BUT LAKES OF VARIOUS COLORS.

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THERE'S ONE CALLED LAGUNA
VERDE THAT IS SORT OF A

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GREENISH COLOR WHICH IS
WHAT THE NAME MEANS.

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SO IT'S QUITE A CLIMB UP,
OUT OF LAKE CONGUILLÍO.

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BUT TO GET TO THE PLACE WHERE
YOU CAN GET THE BIG PICTURE,

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SEE WHAT'S REALLY
GOING ON IN THE PARK,

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YOU HAVE TO DO A LOT OF
CLIMBING SO UP THE TRAIL

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WE GO INTO THE
DENSE BLACK FOREST.

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EVEN MORE UNUSUAL THAN THE
VOLCANOES IS THIS TREE.

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IT'S CALLED THE
PEWEN LOCALLY.

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IT'S SCIENTIFIC
NAME IS ARAUCARIA.

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IT'S ALSO CALLED THE
MONKEY PUZZLE TREE.

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IT'S FOUND ONLY IN THE
SOUTHERN PART OF THE ANDES

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IN CHILE AND
IN NEW ZEALAND.

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IT DOESN'T HAVE NEEDLES.

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IT IS OLDER THAN THE
TREES THAT HAVE NEEDLES.

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IT'S FROM JURASSIC TIMES.

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IT'S A LIVING FOSSIL.

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THESE LITTLE PRECURSORS
TO NEEDLES ARE VERY,

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VERY SHARP BUT THE LOCAL
MAPUCHE PEOPLE HAVE LEARNED

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TO HARVEST THE CONES THAT ARE
FULL OF A VERY NUTRITIOUS NUT.

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THE MONKEY PUZZLE TREES

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HAVE A NUMBER OF UNUSUAL
CHARACTERISTICS.

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THEY'RE DIOECIOUS, THAT
MEANS THEY HAVE BOTH MALE

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AND FEMALE TREES AND THE
FEMALES DON'T BECOME

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SEXUALLY ACTIVE UNTIL
THEY'RE 350 YEARS OLD.

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UP ON TOP OF THE RIDGE THE
WIND'S BLOWING ABOUT

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30 MILES AN HOUR AND
IT DOESN'T MATTER.

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THERE'S A WATERFALL OVER
THERE WITH A RAINBOW,

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A GLACIER UP ABOVE AND
THESE ARAUCARIA TREES

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THAT LOOK LIKE NOTHING MORE
THAN INVERTED PARSNIPS

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COMING OUT OF THE GROUND,
A HUNDRED MILLION OF THEM.

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I'M NOT SURE WHERE I AM.

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HAD TO CLIMB UP
ABOUT OVER 1, 000 FEET

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TO GET THIS VIEW
AND WHAT A PRIVILEGE

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TO BE ABLE TO STAND UP
HERE AND TAKE IT.

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THE VOLCANO HAS CREATED
ALL THESE LAVA FLOWS

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WHICH PLUG UP THE VALLEYS AND
CREATE THESE LAKES.

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IT'S JUST A WONDERFUL
THING TO SEE HAPPENING.

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AND THE LEVELS RISE AND
FALL DEPENDING ON

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HOW MUCH SNOW MELT THERE IS.

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THEN UP ABOVE US
THERE IS A GLACIER,

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SMALL ONE BUT A
GLACIER NEVERTHELESS.

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THIS RIDGE REALLY
IS A KNIFE EDGE.

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ON ONE SIDE THERE'S A DEEP
CANYON AND ON THIS SIDE

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IS THE BASIN OR THE LAKE IN IT
AND I THINK I'M FAR ENOUGH AWAY

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FROM LLAIMA VOLCANO THAT IF IT
DOES ERUPT IT WON'T GET ME.

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IT LOOKS LIKE THERE'S A
LITTLE STUFF

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COMING OUT OF THE SIDE THERE.

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NEAR THE COAST IN THE
SOUTH CENTRAL PART OF THE

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COUNTRY IS THE LARGEST SALT LAKE
IN ALL OF SOUTH AMERICA.

06:26.600 --> 06:33.833 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
AROUND IT AND INLAND
LIVE THE MAPUCHE PEOPLE.

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THIS DRUM IS ACTUALLY A
REPRODUCTION OF WHERE

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THEY ARE IN THE UNIVERSE.

06:38.900 --> 06:41.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
THE MAPUCHE FROM RIGHT
HERE ARE IN THE CENTER.

06:41.833 --> 06:43.500 align:start position:40% line:79.33% size:22.5%
WHEN HE'S
BEATING THE DRUM,

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THAT'S AN
INDICATION OF THEM.

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EACH DIRECTION REFERS
TO FOUR OTHER DIFFERENT PEOPLES.

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ONE IN THE DIRECTION
OF THE SEA,

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ONE IN THE DIRECTION OF
THE ANDES TO THE EAST,

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ONE OF ANOTHER PEOPLE
TO THE NORTH

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AND ANOTHER PEOPLE TO THE SOUTH.

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EVEN WITH THE WIND AND THE
FOG THE HARVEST MUST GO ON.

07:04.833 --> 07:07.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
SO THEY BROUGHT ALL THESE
SHEAVES OF WHEAT UP HERE

07:07.600 --> 07:10.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
AND WITH THE HELP OF THE
PATIENT AND LOVING OXEN.

07:10.833 --> 07:13.566 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
AND THEY WILL LEAVE THIS
HERE AND A MECHANICAL THRESHER

07:13.566 --> 07:16.433 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
WILL COME IN AND
STOMP THIS DOWN AND THEY CAN

07:16.433 --> 07:19.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
ONLY PRAY THAT IT DOESN'T
RAIN AND THE GRAIN GET WET

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BECAUSE THE WINNOWING WON'T
WORK AT ALL ONCE IT'S WET.

07:25.700 --> 07:30.166 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5%
SO THE WHEAT, IT DOESN'T TAKE
MUCH TO REMOVE IT FROM THE HUSK

07:30.166 --> 07:39.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
AND THERE YOU HAVE THE
LOVELY KERNELS OF WHEAT.

07:39.466 --> 07:41.800 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
IF YOU THROW IT
UP IN THE AIR,

07:41.800 --> 07:44.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
YOU GET MORE WHEAT COMING
DOWN AND IF YOU DO IT AGAIN,

07:44.600 --> 07:48.000 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
BETTER THAN I DO,
YOU GET MOST OF THE

07:48.000 --> 07:51.800 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5%
CHAFF BLOWN AWAY AND YOU WIND
UP WITH PURE KERNELS OF WHEAT.

07:57.033 --> 08:03.366 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
THE TRADITIONAL MAPUCHE
CEREMONY CONSISTS OF

08:03.366 --> 08:07.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
A BEGINNING BY A YOUNGER
PERSON INTRODUCING

08:07.133 --> 08:09.500 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
AN ELDER WHO THEN INTRODUCES
AN OLD WOMAN WHO TELLS

08:09.500 --> 08:16.533 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
A STORY IN MAPUCHE LANGUAGE.

08:16.533 --> 08:19.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
AND THAT'S FOLLOWED BY A
CEREMONY OF THE HARVEST

08:19.133 --> 08:21.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
AND THAT ULTIMATELY THEN
IS FOLLOWED BY A DANCE

08:21.733 --> 08:24.700 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
ALL THE WAY AROUND THE PLAZA
TO DRUMS AND FLUTES

08:24.700 --> 08:27.133 align:start position:35% line:74% size:32.5%
AND HORNS AND
WHATEVER TRADITIONAL
INSTRUMENTS

08:27.133 --> 08:29.333 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
HAVE BEEN ASSEMBLED,

08:29.333 --> 08:32.566 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
MUCH TO THE GREAT DELIGHT OF
EVERYBODY HERE.

08:38.266 --> 08:43.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
THE FLAGS HAVE A SPECIAL
SIGNIFICANCE HERE.

08:43.233 --> 08:46.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
YOU HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND
THAT THEY HAVE SIX MONTHS

08:46.500 --> 08:49.633 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
OF VERY TOUGH WEATHER HERE
IN THE SOUTHERN PART

08:49.633 --> 08:51.533 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
OF CHILE WHEN IT'S RAINING
ALMOST ALL THE TIME SO

08:51.533 --> 08:54.900 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
THEY LOVE IT WHEN IT CLEARS UP

08:54.900 --> 08:57.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
AND THE WHITE PART OF THE
FLAG IS FOR GOOD WEATHER,

08:57.866 --> 09:00.400 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
THE BLACK IS FOR THE OTHER
KIND OF WEATHER THAT MAY

09:00.400 --> 09:03.666 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
BRING RAIN BUT THEY
NEED AN EQUILIBRIUM

09:03.666 --> 09:06.033 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
AND SO THE WHITE AND BLACK
ARE A BALANCE OF NATURE.

09:06.033 --> 09:08.866 align:start position:40% line:79.33% size:20%
THE BLUE
REPRESENTS THE SKY.

09:08.866 --> 09:11.833 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
SO ALL THOSE ARE VERY SYMBOLIC
FOR THE CHANGE OF SEASONS,

09:11.833 --> 09:17.433 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
THE CONTROL OF HARVEST.

09:17.433 --> 09:20.133 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
THIS OBVIOUSLY ISN'T
A HUGE CEREMONY.

09:20.133 --> 09:22.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
IT'S AN ATTEMPT TO BUY THE
LEADERS OF THIS COMMUNITY

09:22.600 --> 09:25.100 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
TO BRING BACK SOME OF THE
TRADITIONS BECAUSE THEY'RE

09:25.100 --> 09:26.966 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
VERY AWARE THAT THEY
ARE LOSING THEM

09:26.966 --> 09:29.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
AND UNLESS THEY DO
SOMETHING TO RESCUE THEM,

09:29.333 --> 09:34.500 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
IT WILL BE LOST FOR THEIR
CHILDREN AND THEN FOREVER.

09:34.500 --> 09:37.400 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
I WASN'T TOO EAGER TO JOIN
IN ON THE DANCING

09:37.400 --> 09:40.266 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
AND PROCESSION BUT WHEN IT
COMES TO FERMENTED BEVERAGES,

09:40.266 --> 09:42.533 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
I'M ALWAYS WILLING
TO BE A GUINEA PIG

09:42.533 --> 09:45.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
AND PARTICIPATE IN THE
HIGHEST SPIRITUALITY OFFERED.

09:45.066 --> 09:46.233 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:35%
HERE IT COMES.

09:46.233 --> 09:49.833 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:17.5%
I'M IN.

09:58.200 --> 10:01.133 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
THIS MAPUCHE FEAST IS
BASED MOSTLY ON WHEAT.

10:01.133 --> 10:03.366 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
THIS IS HORSE MEAT AND I
THINK I'LL FOREGO THAT

10:03.366 --> 10:07.500 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
BUT THIS IS ALGAE
FROM THE NEARBY SEA.

10:07.500 --> 10:10.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
WE'LL TRY THAT AND I'LL
PUT A LITTLE BIT OF THIS

10:10.633 --> 10:17.266 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
SORT OF BARLEY WHICH HAS
BEEN TOASTED IN ASHES,

10:17.266 --> 10:19.400 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:72.5%
SHOULD BE A GOOD COMBINATION.

10:19.400 --> 10:21.400 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
LET'S SEE IF I CAN DO IT WITHOUT
SPILLING IT ALL OVER EVERYTHING.

10:21.400 --> 10:24.366 align:start position:45% line:84.67% size:10%
MMM.

10:24.366 --> 10:27.033 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
IT'S REALLY QUITE TASTY.

10:27.033 --> 10:29.633 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
IT HAS A GOOD
MIXTURE OF FLAVORS,

10:29.633 --> 10:35.000 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
PARTICULARLY THE ALGAE HAS
A NICE FEEL AND TASTE TO IT.

10:35.000 --> 10:37.333 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
THE MAPUCHE WERE
THE MOST RESISTANT,

10:37.333 --> 10:40.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
THE FIERCEST OPPONENTS OF
THE SPANISH BUT TODAY

10:40.433 --> 10:44.166 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
THEY HAVE INCORPORATED
FOOD BROUGHT FROM EUROPE

10:44.166 --> 10:50.333 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
BY THE SPANIARDS INTO
THEIR BASIC DIET.

10:50.333 --> 10:52.100 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
ONE OF THE MOST UNUSUAL
ASPECTS OF THE CULTURE

10:52.100 --> 10:54.000 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
OF THE MAPUCHE IS
THEIR CHICKENS.

10:54.000 --> 10:57.333 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:47.5%
THEY LAY BLUE EGGS.

10:57.333 --> 10:59.833 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
THE PURE STRAINS ARE NOT
RELATED TO OTHER STRAINS

10:59.833 --> 11:02.933 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
OF CHICKENS THAT
CAME FROM EUROPE.

11:02.933 --> 11:06.466 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5%
GENETIC STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT
THEIR ORIGIN IS IN POLYNESIA

11:06.466 --> 11:09.866 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5%
AND SOMEHOW THEY MADE IT HERE
ACROSS THE PACIFIC.

11:09.866 --> 11:13.300 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5%
THIS MEANS THAT THE MAPUCHE MAY
HAVE HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS

11:13.300 --> 11:16.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
TO OTHER PEOPLES UNLIKE
ANY OTHER PEOPLE

11:16.666 --> 11:21.733 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.

11:21.733 --> 11:23.933 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO
SEEING THE BOAT THAT

11:23.933 --> 11:26.600 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
HERNÁN HAS MADE,
THE DUGOUT.

11:26.600 --> 11:30.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
HE TELLS ME IT'S...AH,
THERE IT IS.

11:30.066 --> 11:32.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
HE SAYS IT'S THREE
METERS LONG, 10 FEET.

11:32.333 --> 11:34.966 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:42.5%
IT'S MADE OF OAK.

11:34.966 --> 11:38.166 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:30%
OH, MY GOSH!

11:38.166 --> 11:40.366 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
YES, IT'S MADE OUT OF OAK.

11:40.366 --> 11:42.900 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
BOY, THAT'S BEAUTIFUL!

11:42.900 --> 11:44.733 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:15%
WAMPO.

11:44.733 --> 11:50.600 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
ALL RIGHT, THIS
IS CALLED A WAMPO.

11:53.400 --> 11:57.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
THE WAY THEY FISH HERE IS
NOT WITH A NET OR WITH

11:57.233 --> 12:03.300 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
A FISHING LINE BUT THEY
LITERALLY SPEAR THEM.

12:03.300 --> 12:05.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
I GET THE FEELING THAT
HERNÁN HAS DONE THIS BEFORE

12:05.633 --> 12:08.833 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
AND I WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT
HE STAYS UPRIGHT IN THAT.

12:08.833 --> 12:16.933 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
I'M GLAD I'M NOT THERE.

12:16.933 --> 12:19.966 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
THE IDEA OF THESE BOATS
WAS NOT ONLY TO FISH,

12:19.966 --> 12:21.966 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
THAT WAS IMPORTANT, BUT
TO TRANSPORT PEOPLE

12:21.966 --> 12:26.600 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:67.5%
AND GOODS ACROSS THE RIVER.

12:26.600 --> 12:28.200 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5%
THAT'S A LONG WAY AND IF THEY
HAD STUFF TO BRING TO TOWN,

12:28.200 --> 12:30.066 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
THERE'S NO WAY
THEY COULD GET ACROSS.

12:30.066 --> 12:31.833 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
THAT WAS BEFORE THE BRIDGE
WAS MADE BUT EVEN NOW

12:31.833 --> 12:34.033 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
IT'S IDEAL FOR FISHING.

12:34.033 --> 12:35.500 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
AND HOW HE KEEPS
HIS BALANCE,

12:35.500 --> 12:38.433 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
I THINK IT TAKES PRACTICE.

12:38.433 --> 12:40.666 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
THE MAPUCHE NOW OCCUPY
ONLY A TINY PORTION OF

12:40.666 --> 12:43.300 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
THE LAND THAT WAS
PREVIOUSLY THEIRS,

12:43.300 --> 12:50.866 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
A VAST TERRITORY OF
RIVERS, LAKES AND FORESTS.

12:50.866 --> 12:53.566 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
I GET THE FEELING THAT
I'M IN A PRIMEVAL FOREST,

12:53.566 --> 12:56.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
SEEING FOR THE FIRST
TIME AN UNEXPLORED

12:56.933 --> 13:00.400 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:67.5%
AND UNKNOWN WATERFALL BUT I
HAVE TO REMIND MYSELF THAT

13:00.400 --> 13:05.766 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
THERE HAVE BEEN PEOPLE IN THIS
AREA FOR OVER 13, 000 YEARS

13:05.766 --> 13:11.166 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
AND SPANIARDS TRYING TO COLONIZE
ARRIVED HERE 450 YEARS AGO

13:11.166 --> 13:13.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
AND THAT'S 60 YEARS BEFORE
THE PILGRIMS ARRIVED

13:13.700 --> 13:20.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
AT PLYMOUTH ROCK SO I'M
REALLY A LATECOMER.

13:20.633 --> 13:22.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
SO I CAN NOW SEE THE
FALLS IN THE DISTANCE

13:22.766 --> 13:25.266 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
AND IF I CAN MAKE IT
ACROSS THESE LOGS,

13:25.266 --> 13:27.733 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
I'LL ACTUALLY BE
ABLE TO GET THERE.

13:27.733 --> 13:29.333 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
EVERYTHING'S SLICK HERE
BECAUSE OF THE SPRAY

13:29.333 --> 13:33.500 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:67.5%
THAT REACHES THIS FAR DOWN.

13:33.500 --> 13:39.966 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
THIS IS THE LION FALLS.

13:39.966 --> 13:43.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
IT'S ONE OF DOZENS
THAT COME OVER

13:43.100 --> 13:45.833 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
THE SIDE OF THE
VILLARRICA VOLCANO.

13:45.833 --> 13:48.466 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
IT NEVER DRIES OUT HERE.

13:48.466 --> 13:51.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
THIS IS IN A LOW FLOW
SEASON SO WE CAN IMAGINE

13:51.000 --> 13:56.800 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
HOW ENORMOUS IT MUST BE
WHEN IT'S REALLY ROARING.

14:00.533 --> 14:02.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
AND THE MONKEY FLOWER
I SAW AT THE FALLS,

14:02.866 --> 14:07.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
THEY ALL BENEFIT BY
HAVING PERMANENT SPRAY.

14:07.833 --> 14:09.233 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
IT WOULDN'T BE A GOOD
PLACE FOR THE CACTI THAT

14:09.233 --> 14:14.166 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
I'M USED TO IN ARIZONA.

14:14.166 --> 14:22.766 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
IT'S A PERMANENTLY WET OASIS
WITHIN AN OASIS WITHIN AN OASIS.

14:22.766 --> 14:26.600 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
THE ONE I'M LOOKING FOR
IS WHAT THEY CALL COIHUE,

14:26.600 --> 14:29.833 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
WHICH IS A HUGE TREE RELATED
TO THE OAKS AND HERE IS ONE.

14:29.833 --> 14:31.966 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:32.5%
THIS IS HUGE.

14:31.966 --> 14:34.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
I DON'T KNOW HOW BIG
AROUND IT IS BUT, OKAY,

14:34.933 --> 14:39.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
MY FINGERTIPS ARE ABOUT, A
LITTLE OVER SIX FEET SO IF

14:39.866 --> 14:44.433 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
WE CAN MULTIPLY THAT
BY FOUR OR FIVE,

14:44.433 --> 14:47.633 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:27.5%
THAT'S FIVE
YETMAN WINGTIPS,

14:47.633 --> 14:51.666 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
IT'S GOT TO BE AT LEAST 25
FEET IN CIRCUMFERENCE BUT

14:51.666 --> 14:58.033 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
IT'S GOT TO BE AT LEAST
150 FEET TALL, MAYBE MORE.

14:58.033 --> 15:04.700 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
AND THEY TELL ME THAT THESE LIVE
BETWEEN 250 AND 300 YEARS.

15:04.700 --> 15:06.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
IN SOUTH AMERICA THEY HAVE
GOBS OF FLOWERS THAT

15:06.966 --> 15:09.233 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
I CAN'T EVEN COME
CLOSE TO IDENTIFYING.

15:09.233 --> 15:11.933 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
I DO KNOW THAT THIS ONE
IS LIKE A DANDELION.

15:11.933 --> 15:15.333 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
IT'S A DASTARDLY
YELLOW COMPOSITE.

15:15.333 --> 15:17.300 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
AND THIS ONE
MIGHT BE A ROSE.

15:17.300 --> 15:20.633 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
THEY CALL IT ARRAYAN HERE.

15:20.633 --> 15:23.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
IT DOESN'T HAVE ANY
SMELL AND THIS ONE I CAN

15:23.100 --> 15:26.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
GUARANTEE YOU IS A FUCHSIA
WITH PURPLE FLOWERS AND

15:26.866 --> 15:29.933 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
THESE WONDERFUL
SEPALS OF RED.

15:29.933 --> 15:31.966 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
WHAT A GORGEOUS
COMBINATION.

15:31.966 --> 15:34.800 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
THE BUMBLEBEES AREN'T
LOOKING FOR POLLEN.

15:34.800 --> 15:37.466 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
THEY'RE LOOKING FOR NECTAR AND
THEY FIND IT BEST AT THE BASE.

15:37.466 --> 15:39.166 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
THEY CAN'T GET INSIDE
THERE SO THEY CHEW HOLES

15:39.166 --> 15:41.800 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
RIGHT AT THE VERY
BOTTOM OF THE FLOWER

15:41.800 --> 15:46.266 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
AND THEY SUCK THE NECTAR
OUT OF THOSE HOLES.

15:51.800 --> 15:54.266 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
THIS IS THE FORT THE
SPANIARDS CALLED NIEBLA.

15:54.266 --> 15:56.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
THEY COULDN'T VERY
WELL PROTECT THEMSELVES

15:56.166 --> 15:58.500 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
FROM THE MAPUCHE COMING
FROM THE INLAND BUT THEY

15:58.500 --> 16:01.033 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
JOLLY WELL WERE ABLE TO
PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM

16:01.033 --> 16:05.266 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
PIRATES AS THEY CALL THEM FROM
ENGLAND, FRANCE AND HOLLAND.

16:05.266 --> 16:07.100 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
SO THEY BUILT
THIS FORT HERE,

16:07.100 --> 16:10.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:67.5%
ONE ON AN ISLAND OVER THERE
AND ONE ACROSS THE WAY

16:10.066 --> 16:13.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
THAT GAVE AN IMPREGNABLE
FORTRESS QUALITY,

16:13.466 --> 16:16.766 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5%
THE VALDIVIA, AND LASTED THEM
FOR OVER 150 YEARS

16:16.766 --> 16:24.433 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5%
AND THEN CHILE WELL AFTER THAT.

16:24.433 --> 16:28.133 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
WHEN THIS AREA ACHIEVED
INDEPENDENCE IN 1820,

16:28.133 --> 16:31.733 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
THE NEW GOVERNMENT WANTED
TO DEVELOP THE AREA.

16:31.733 --> 16:37.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
AN IMMIGRATION TREATY
WAS SIGNED IN 1848.

16:37.000 --> 16:39.000 align:start position:37.5% line:79.33% size:25%
IMMIGRANTS
STARTED TO COME.

16:39.000 --> 16:42.966 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
THEY CAME AND
SETTLED IN VALDIVIA

16:42.966 --> 16:48.800 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:72.5%
AND LLANQUIHUE AND FRUTILLAR.

16:48.800 --> 16:51.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
SOME INTERMARRIED WITH
SOME OF THE LOCALS BUT

16:51.000 --> 16:55.466 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5%
THE GERMANS ARE THE PRINCIPLE
GROUP OF IMMIGRANTS FOUND HERE.

16:55.466 --> 16:57.566 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
GERMAN IMMIGRANTS FOUNDED
THE TOWN OF FRUTILLAR AT

16:57.566 --> 16:59.333 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
THE END OF THE
19TH CENTURY.

16:59.333 --> 17:01.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
THEY BROUGHT WITH THEM
FROM GERMANY THEIR

17:01.633 --> 17:05.466 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES WHICH
INCLUDED THE SORT OF

17:05.466 --> 17:08.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:70%
GINGERBREAD HOUSE STYLE THAT
MIGHT HAVE COME FROM BAVARIA.

17:08.900 --> 17:17.700 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
I NEVER DID EXPECT TO
SEE A CHESS MATCH

17:17.700 --> 17:22.633 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:57.5%
HERE IN SOUTHERN CHILE.

17:22.633 --> 17:29.266 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
AND NOT JUST AN ORDINARY CHESS
BOARD BUT A KIND OF BIG ONE.

17:29.266 --> 17:32.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
THIS SIGN SAYS THAT THE
COLONEL VICENTE PEREZ ROSALES

17:32.766 --> 17:35.633 align:start position:32.5% line:74% size:37.5%
WHO WAS CHILEAN
SAID TO THE FIRST GERMAN
SETTLERS,

17:35.633 --> 17:39.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
'BE ACTIVE, PRUDENT
AND HONORABLE

17:39.300 --> 17:42.833 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
AND THE SKY WILL BLESS
YOUR WORK, '

17:42.833 --> 17:47.300 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
AND THEY TOOK
HIM SERIOUSLY.

17:47.300 --> 17:49.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH
CENTURY THE CHILEAN GOVERNMENT

17:49.433 --> 17:53.333 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
OFFERED GERMANS
VIRTUALLY FREE LAND IF

17:53.333 --> 17:55.900 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
THEY WOULD COME SETTLE HERE IN
THE SOUTHERN PART OF CHILE

17:55.900 --> 17:58.066 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
AND THEY BROUGHT WITH THEM THEIR
MOST IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES.

17:58.066 --> 18:05.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
THE MOST IMPORTANT
OF ALL WAS BEER.

18:05.433 --> 18:08.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
SO HERE I AM IN HEIDELBERG
AT THE OKTOBERFEST.

18:08.700 --> 18:10.533 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
OH, I'M SORRY,
I'M IN CHILE.

18:10.533 --> 18:12.000 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
I'M IN VALDIVIA.

18:12.000 --> 18:15.100 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:52.5%
GRACIAS, LAS TRAVESA.

18:15.100 --> 18:17.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
I INITIALLY WANTED TO
ORDER TWO OR THREE OF

18:17.000 --> 18:19.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
THESE BUT I'M GOING TO
DRINK THIS ONE FIRST

18:19.066 --> 18:21.533 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
BEFORE I START ON THE
SECOND AND THIRD ONES,

18:21.533 --> 18:24.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
BUT TO THE GERMANS FOR
IMPROVING THE INDUSTRY OF

18:24.266 --> 18:29.800 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
SOUTHERN CHILE 100
YEARS OR SO AGO.

18:29.800 --> 18:32.433 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
THIS IS NOT TYPICAL
CHILEAN FOOD.

18:32.433 --> 18:35.066 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
THIS IS GERMAN FOOD.

18:35.066 --> 18:37.100 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:77.5%
FORTUNATELY YOU CAN GET IT HERE
AND IT'S VERY, VERY GOOD.

18:37.100 --> 18:42.066 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:62.5%
THANKS TO THE IMMIGRANTS.

18:42.066 --> 18:44.333 align:start position:25% line:84.67% size:50%
WOW, THAT WAS GREAT.

18:44.333 --> 18:47.233 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
I HOPE THAT COME
THE WORLD CUP,

18:47.233 --> 18:55.300 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
THE FINAL MATCH IS BETWEEN CHILE
AND GERMANY AND CHILE WINS.

18:55.300 --> 18:57.233 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
ONE MORE OF THESE,
AS WE SAY IN SPANISH,

18:57.233 --> 19:02.200 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
UNO MAS Y NOS VAMOS, ONE
MORE, I'LL BE OUT OF HERE.

19:02.200 --> 19:06.233 align:start position:47.5% line:84.67% size:7.5%
AH!

19:06.233 --> 19:08.866 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
GERMANS BROUGHT BEER
BUT ITALIANS BROUGHT

19:08.866 --> 19:13.666 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:77.5%
THEIR OWN TREASURE, PROSCIUTTO.

19:13.666 --> 19:16.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
THE SMALL TOWN OF CAPITÁN
PASTENE SITS IN SPLENDID

19:16.466 --> 19:22.800 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
ISOLATION A COUPLE HUNDRED
MILES TO THE NORTH.

19:22.800 --> 19:25.033 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
WE BELIEVE THAT 60 TO 70
PERCENT OF THE POPULATION

19:25.033 --> 19:28.000 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:72.5%
HERE ARE ITALIAN DESCENDENTS.

19:28.000 --> 19:31.000 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
SOME INTERMARRIED WITH NATIVES

19:31.000 --> 19:34.166 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
BUT THEIR RELATIVES
COME FROM ITALY.

19:34.166 --> 19:36.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
WE ARE GRANDCHILDREN OF
ITALIANS WHICH MAKES US

19:36.066 --> 19:39.833 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:67.5%
SECOND GENERATION ITALIANS.

19:39.833 --> 19:43.266 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
THE ART OF MAKING
PROSCIUTTO,

19:43.266 --> 19:46.766 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
SALAMI AND CURING HAM
IS ONE WE LEARNED AS

19:46.766 --> 19:49.666 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:67.5%
WE WERE GROWING UP AS KIDS.

19:49.666 --> 19:51.600 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
IT WAS PASSED ON THROUGH
THE GENERATIONS,

19:51.600 --> 19:57.433 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
TRANSPLANTED
HERE FROM ITALY.

19:57.433 --> 20:01.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
THIS TOWN IS A RESULT OF
A COLONIZATION PROJECT

20:01.466 --> 20:04.833 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
BETWEEN CHILEAN AND
ITALIAN GOVERNMENTS.

20:04.833 --> 20:06.233 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
CHILE WANTED TO
FOSTER DEVELOPMENT

20:06.233 --> 20:10.433 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
IN FALLOW COUNTRYSIDE.

20:10.433 --> 20:13.166 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
THE INITIAL IDEA WAS TO
BRING OVER 100 FARMERS

20:13.166 --> 20:18.333 align:start position:10% line:84.67% size:80%
FROM THE NORTHERN PART OF ITALY.

20:18.333 --> 20:21.466 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
WHEN THE MILL WAS BUILT,
IT MADE A HUGE DIFFERENCE

20:21.466 --> 20:24.066 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
IN THE LIVES OF THE
FAMILIES HERE BECAUSE THEY

20:24.066 --> 20:27.366 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
NO LONGER HAD TO GRIND
THEIR OWN WHEAT,

20:27.366 --> 20:31.233 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
THEY COULD BRING IT HERE
AND EVEN NOWADAYS $3.50

20:31.233 --> 20:34.000 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
TO GRIND 100 POUNDS OF
WHEAT INTO FLOUR,

20:34.000 --> 20:36.133 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
IT MAKES AN ENORMOUS
DIFFERENCE IN THE ABILITY

20:36.133 --> 20:41.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
OF FAMILIES TO PROVIDE
FOR THEMSELVES.

20:41.466 --> 20:46.300 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
IN 1904 35 FAMILIES
EMBARKED ON A BOAT FROM A

20:46.300 --> 20:50.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
PORT IN FRANCE AND UPON
ARRIVING ON THE CHILEAN

20:50.266 --> 20:55.733 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
COAST THEY TRAVELED
INLAND BY CART, ON FOOT,

20:55.733 --> 21:05.766 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
ON HORSEBACK UNTIL THEY
ARRIVED HERE IN CAPITÁN PASTENE.

21:06.833 --> 21:09.866 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5%
THEY FOUND ABSOLUTELY NOTHING
HERE WHEN THEY ARRIVED.

21:09.866 --> 21:15.133 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
HOWEVER, THEY WERE HIGHLY
MOTIVATED AND TENACIOUS.

21:15.133 --> 21:19.233 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5%
THEIR OBJECTIVE WAS TO BETTER
THE LIVES OF THEIR FAMILIES.

21:19.233 --> 21:20.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT THE
ITALIANS BROUGHT WITH THEM

21:20.733 --> 21:24.866 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
WAS CERTAINLY GRAPES AND
GRAPES HAVE MORPHED INTO

21:24.866 --> 21:28.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
THE FINEST OF WINES HERE
IN CHILE AS WELL AS TABLE

21:28.300 --> 21:31.200 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
GRAPES AND THE ITALIANS
HAVE LEFT THEIR CULINARY

21:31.200 --> 21:35.633 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
FINESSE WITH THE ENTIRE
COUNTRY AND NOWHERE IN ALL

21:35.633 --> 21:42.200 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
OF CHILE CAN YOU GET
BETTER FOOD THAN HERE.

21:42.200 --> 21:48.466 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
53 FAMILIES STAYED AND
ACHIEVED THEIR GOAL.

21:48.466 --> 21:48.900 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
HERE COMES THEIR
LIVING PROOF.

21:48.900 --> 21:51.833 align:start position:47.5% line:84.67% size:7.5%
AH.

21:51.833 --> 21:54.800 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
THIS IS JUST A SAMPLE OF
THE PRODUCTS MADE HERE.

21:54.800 --> 22:01.400 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
OH, MY GOODNESS,
LOOK AT THAT.

22:01.400 --> 22:05.733 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
I'VE BEEN INSTRUCTED
TO USE MY FINGERS.

22:05.733 --> 22:08.533 align:start position:17.5% line:84.67% size:65%
PROSCIUTTO FOR EVERYTHING.

22:08.533 --> 22:15.166 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
OH, MY GOODNESS!

22:15.166 --> 22:18.600 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
I HAVE NEVER HAD
PROSCIUTTO SO GOOD.

22:18.600 --> 22:20.433 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
IF THE OTHERS ARE
AS GOOD AS THIS,

22:20.433 --> 22:25.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
I'M GOING TO STAY HERE AND
LET THE REST OF THE WORLD GO ON.

22:25.900 --> 22:27.533 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:37.5%
ITALIA Y CHILE!

22:27.533 --> 22:33.266 align:start position:42.5% line:84.67% size:17.5%
SALUTE.

22:33.266 --> 22:36.366 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:37.5%
WHETHER YOU ARE
ITALIAN, GERMAN, MAPUCHE

22:36.366 --> 22:41.200 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
OR OF MIXED ORIGIN
THE LAKE COUNTRY STILL BECKONS.

22:41.200 --> 22:43.100 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
IT'S A RECREATIONAL
PARADISE EVEN WITH

22:43.100 --> 22:49.033 align:start position:32.5% line:79.33% size:35%
RUMBLINGS FROM
THE RING OF FIRE.

22:49.033 --> 22:51.900 align:start position:15% line:79.33% size:72.5%
THIS IS A SUNDAY AFTERNOON AT
THE END OF SUMMER

22:51.900 --> 22:54.500 align:start position:27.5% line:84.67% size:47.5%
IN LAKE LLANQUIHUE.

22:54.500 --> 22:56.500 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
PEOPLE ARE HAVING A
MARVELOUS TIME THINKING

22:56.500 --> 22:58.833 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
OF THE RAIN THAT
SOON WILL COME.

22:58.833 --> 23:00.566 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
THEY DON'T SEEM TO BE
BOTHERED BY THE FACT THAT

23:00.566 --> 23:02.166 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
30 MILES TO THE EAST
LIES THE SLUMBERING

23:02.166 --> 23:06.700 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
VOLCANO CALLED OSORNO.

23:09.400 --> 23:11.800 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
OSORNO IS ONLY A LITTLE
OVER 9,000 FEET HIGH,<u> BUT</u> ,

23:11.800 --> 23:15.066 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
IT IS SO DOMINATING OF THE
LANDSCAPE THAT FROM OUT TO

23:15.066 --> 23:19.133 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
SEA TO THE SOUTH 100 MILES
AWAY YOU CAN STILL SEE IT.

23:19.133 --> 23:20.633 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
THE SNOW, THE PERFECTION
OF THE CONE JUST STAND OUT

23:20.633 --> 23:22.733 align:start position:32.5% line:84.67% size:37.5%
ON A CLEAR DAY.

23:22.733 --> 23:25.566 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:30%
IT'S PART OF
CHILE'S RIM OF FIRE,

23:25.566 --> 23:30.066 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:80%
A SERIES OF VOLCANOES THAT BEGAN
3, 000 MILES TO THE NORTH

23:30.066 --> 23:33.266 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
AND MAKE BOTH FOR
VOLCANIC INSTABILITY

23:33.266 --> 23:36.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:62.5%
HERE AS WELL AS PROVIDING
FERTILIZING ASH

23:36.300 --> 23:38.933 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
FLOWS FOR ALL THIS
GREENERY THAT WE SEE OUT

23:38.933 --> 23:44.633 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
HERE SO THE VOLCANOES
DESTROY AND THEN THEY GIVE.

23:51.600 --> 23:54.033 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
THE WATERFALLS HERE AT
PICHIHUE HAVE BECOME ONE

23:54.033 --> 23:57.433 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
OF CHILE'S TOP TOURIST
ATTRACTIONS FOR GOOD REASON.

23:57.433 --> 24:00.066 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
CHILEANS AND FOREIGNERS
ALIKE JUST FLOCK HERE

24:00.066 --> 24:03.733 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
AND THANKS TO THE VOLCANIC
ACTIVITY IN THIS VALLEY

24:03.733 --> 24:07.600 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
WE HAD A MASSIVE LAVA FLOW
A FEW THOUSAND YEARS AGO

24:07.600 --> 24:10.700 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
THAT PLUGGED UP THE BOTTOM
OF THE RIVER AND GRADUALLY

24:10.700 --> 24:13.533 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:57.5%
THE WATER BROKE THROUGH
AND CREATED THIS CRAZY

24:13.533 --> 24:18.233 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
NETWORK OF CHANNELS,
UNDERGROUND FLOWS,

24:18.233 --> 24:22.066 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
COLUMNAR BASALTS AND
HUGE POOLS THAT

24:22.066 --> 24:26.500 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
BOATS CAN ACTUALLY GET INTO.

24:30.700 --> 24:33.666 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
THE TOWN OF CONCÓN IN
SOUTHERN CHILE NOW

24:33.666 --> 24:36.066 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
ATTRACTS MORE OUTDOOR
ADVENTURISTS THAN ANY

24:36.066 --> 24:46.000 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
OTHER PLACE IN SOUTH
AMERICA AND VOLCANO WATCHING.

24:49.200 --> 24:51.300 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
IT'S BEEN OVER 450 YEARS
SINCE SPANIARDS FIRST

24:51.300 --> 24:53.666 align:start position:12.5% line:84.67% size:75%
ARRIVED HERE IN SOUTHERN CHILE

24:53.666 --> 24:56.800 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
AND ATTEMPTED TO
ESTABLISH THEIR CULTURE.

24:56.800 --> 24:58.900 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
AFTER ALL THESE CENTURIES,
SEVERAL GROUPS STILL

24:58.900 --> 25:02.400 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:52.5%
RETAIN THEIR IDENTITY
AND MAKE CHILE INTO THE

25:02.400 --> 25:04.700 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
ETHNICALLY DIVERSE
COUNTRY THAT IT IS TODAY.

25:09.600 --> 25:11.266 align:start position:22.5% line:79.33% size:55%
COLONIES OF EXPATRIATE
JAPANESE CAN BE FOUND IN

25:11.266 --> 25:13.633 align:start position:20% line:84.67% size:60%
MANY CITIES OF THE WORLD

25:13.633 --> 25:17.400 align:start position:12.5% line:79.33% size:75%
INCLUDING THE MEGOPOLIS OF SAN
PAULO, BRAZIL.

25:17.400 --> 25:19.633 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:42.5%
ONE SMALL TOWN OF
JAPANESE IMMIGRANTS

25:19.633 --> 25:23.400 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
IN THE HEART OF THE AMAZON
FLOURISHES TODAY.

25:23.400 --> 25:25.566 align:start position:30% line:79.33% size:40%
ITS FORTUNES ARE
BASED ON BLACK PEPPER,

25:25.566 --> 25:32.200 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
FRUIT PULP AND AN ENDURING
SENSE OF COMMUNITY.

25:32.200 --> 25:33.500 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
JOIN US NEXT TIME<i> IN</i>&nbsp;
<i> THE AMERICAS</i> WITH ME,

25:33.500 --> 25:35.400 align:start position:35% line:84.67% size:32.5%
DAVID YETMAN.

25:38.866 --> 25:40.266 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:47.5%
SO THE RIVER STARTS
OFF REAL PLACID.

25:40.266 --> 25:42.533 align:start position:22.5% line:84.67% size:55%
IT LOOKS LIKE NOTHING.

25:42.533 --> 25:44.766 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
BUT THEN WE GO THROUGH A
PRETTY GOOD RAPID

25:44.766 --> 25:46.333 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
AND THEN A REAL ONE, THE
DEVIL'S THROAT.

25:46.333 --> 25:50.733 align:start position:30% line:84.67% size:40%
OKAY, HERE GOES.

25:50.733 --> 26:00.766 align:start position:37.5% line:84.67% size:27.5%
[SCREAMING]

26:09.500 --> 26:12.966 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:67.5%
FUNDING FOR<i> IN THE AMERICAS</i>&nbsp;
<i> WITH DAVID YETMAN</i>

26:12.966 --> 26:17.000 align:start position:15% line:84.67% size:70%
WAS PROVIDED BY AGNES HAURY.

26:22.833 --> 26:25.433 align:start position:20% line:79.33% size:60%
COPIES OF THIS AND OTHER
EPISODES OF<i> IN THE AMERICAS WITH</i>

26:25.433 --> 26:27.800 align:start position:10% line:79.33% size:77.5%
<i>DAVID YETMAN</i> ARE AVAILABLE FROM
THE SOUTHWEST CENTER.

26:27.800 --> 26:32.500 align:start position:35% line:79.33% size:32.5%
TO ORDER CALL
1-800-937-8632.

26:32.500 --> 26:35.866 align:start position:17.5% line:79.33% size:65%
PLEASE MENTION THE EPISODE
NUMBER AND PROGRAM TITLE.

26:38.066 --> 26:40.333 align:start position:27.5% line:79.33% size:45%
AND PLEASE BE SURE
TO VISIT US AT

26:40.333 --> 26:41.933 align:start position:25% line:79.33% size:50%
INTHEAMERICAS.COM OR
INTHEAMERICAS.ORG.