WEBVTT

00:04.637 --> 00:09.642 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5%
♪ ♪

00:12.979 --> 00:15.148 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
NARRATOR:
In September 1980,

00:15.148 --> 00:18.118 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
the Department of Energy
was in the midst of building

00:18.118 --> 00:20.987 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
a revolutionary house.

00:20.987 --> 00:24.758 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
A recent energy crisis

00:24.758 --> 00:27.427 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and early warnings about
global warming

00:27.427 --> 00:29.429 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
had helped to
bring the project about.

00:29.429 --> 00:33.033 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Located in Carlisle,
Massachusetts,

00:33.033 --> 00:36.336 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the remarkable new structure
was to have solar heat,

00:36.336 --> 00:39.339 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
solar hot water,
solar-powered appliances,

00:39.339 --> 00:42.942 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and, in theory, would even sell
the excess energy it produced

00:42.942 --> 00:46.212 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
back into the grid.

00:46.212 --> 00:50.050 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
To pull it off, the D.O.E. made
a most unusual call,

00:50.050 --> 00:53.353 align:left position:30% line:5% size:60%
to an 80-year-old
retiree down in Florida.

00:53.353 --> 00:55.789 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
Her name was Mária Telkes,

00:55.789 --> 00:57.524 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
and some 40 years earlier,

00:57.524 --> 00:59.292 align:left position:22.5% line:5% size:67.5%
the Hungarian physicist

00:59.292 --> 01:01.261 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
had put solar on the map--

01:01.261 --> 01:04.264 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
so famously, in fact, that she
went by the nickname

01:04.264 --> 01:06.299 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
the Sun Queen.

01:06.299 --> 01:09.369 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5%
♪ ♪

01:09.369 --> 01:11.071 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
MICHELLE ADDINGTON:
She was ahead of her time,

01:11.071 --> 01:13.973 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and she was asking
the right questions.

01:13.973 --> 01:18.611 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
We have this amazing thermal
source with incredible power.

01:18.611 --> 01:21.147 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Why have we not harnessed it?

01:21.147 --> 01:23.983 align:left position:32.5% line:77% size:57.5%
ANDREW NEMETHY:
She saw something that I don't
think

01:23.983 --> 01:25.485 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
anybody conceived of
at that point.

01:25.485 --> 01:27.754 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
She imagined
that the world could

01:27.754 --> 01:30.523 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
get free power from the sun.

01:30.523 --> 01:31.958 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
I mean, if one person's vision

01:31.958 --> 01:34.727 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
is here, her vision was way
out there.

01:34.727 --> 01:38.832 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
A.L. HU:
Telkes believed that there was
a moral imperative

01:38.832 --> 01:42.635 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
to understanding solar energy,
not just as

01:42.635 --> 01:45.505 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
an alternative, but as a way
to kind of live our lives.

01:45.505 --> 01:49.075 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
I would like to show you
some very simple things

01:49.075 --> 01:50.643 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
like a house.

01:50.643 --> 01:53.646 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
The sun's energy is absorbed

01:53.646 --> 01:56.282 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
and is transformed into heat.

01:56.282 --> 01:59.552 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
DANIEL BARBER:
What Telkes showed us was that

01:59.552 --> 02:02.622 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
this ambition to think
differently about energy sources

02:02.622 --> 02:05.458 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
not only changes the way
that we build, the way that we

02:05.458 --> 02:08.128 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
produce heat, the kind of
technologies of those systems,

02:08.128 --> 02:10.330 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
but also shifts
our expectations, right?

02:10.330 --> 02:12.599 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Shifts the way that we think
about living in a house.

02:12.599 --> 02:15.068 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
NARRATOR:
Telkes came out of retirement
to help

02:15.068 --> 02:17.537 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
make the Carlisle house
a success.

02:17.537 --> 02:19.639 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
When it came
to all things solar,

02:19.639 --> 02:21.608 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
her passion
bordered on obsession.

02:21.608 --> 02:24.777 align:left position:22.5% line:71% size:67.5%
Her vision was as legendary
as her engineering,

02:24.777 --> 02:28.281 align:left position:47.5% line:71% size:42.5%
but her ambition
came at a cost.

02:28.281 --> 02:29.983 align:left position:47.5% line:71% size:42.5%
 
NEMETHY:
Mária was a solar evangelist.

02:29.983 --> 02:31.551 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
Now, like a lot of evangelists,

02:31.551 --> 02:35.655 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
she was pushing
her vision very strongly.

02:35.655 --> 02:37.690 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Anybody who disagreed
with that vision

02:37.690 --> 02:39.993 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
kind of rubbed up
against her the wrong way.

02:39.993 --> 02:42.128 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
OLIVIA MEIKLE:
This was not something

02:42.128 --> 02:43.496 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
that would've been easy
as a woman,

02:43.496 --> 02:46.332 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but she was determined to change
the world

02:46.332 --> 02:48.735 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in the face of what
must have been enormous odds.

02:48.735 --> 02:53.106 align:left position:27.5% line:77% size:62.5%
SARA SHREVE-PRICE:
Telkes knew you can't just wait
for society to be ready.

02:53.106 --> 02:56.042 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
You need to sell them
on this idea.

02:56.042 --> 02:58.077 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
You need to convince them
that this

02:58.077 --> 02:59.479 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
is the time for the idea.

02:59.479 --> 03:02.382 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
If we want the sustainable
future,

03:02.382 --> 03:05.552 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
we don't just need
the technology.

03:05.552 --> 03:07.987 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
We need to want the technology.

03:07.987 --> 03:10.056 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5%
♪ ♪

03:18.698 --> 03:23.836 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5%
♪ ♪

03:40.119 --> 03:43.556 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5%
♪ ♪

03:55.802 --> 03:57.704 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
(horn blasting)

04:03.076 --> 04:05.211 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
NARRATOR:
Mária Telkes,

04:05.211 --> 04:07.947 align:left position:32.5% line:89% size:57.5%
32, physicist,

04:07.947 --> 04:10.984 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
had just arrived
from her native Hungary.

04:10.984 --> 04:13.353 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
Her immigration papers
gave her height

04:13.353 --> 04:15.154 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
and marital status,

04:15.154 --> 04:17.724 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
but said nothing about her most
distinguishing trait of all.

04:17.724 --> 04:20.960 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Telkes was a scientist on
a mission,

04:20.960 --> 04:23.796 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
and had traveled to the
United States for one reason,

04:23.796 --> 04:26.332 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
and one reason alone.

04:27.967 --> 04:29.836 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
By the early 1930s,

04:29.836 --> 04:32.939 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
America was in the throes
of a solar revolution

04:32.939 --> 04:36.075 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
that had been going on
for more than 50 years.

04:36.075 --> 04:39.746 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
In 1884, the first experimental
solar panels

04:39.746 --> 04:42.115 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
had gone up on a
New York City rooftop.

04:42.115 --> 04:45.752 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
Four years later, the American
chemist Edward Weston

04:45.752 --> 04:48.087 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
developed
the world's first solar cell,

04:48.087 --> 04:51.324 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
while, on an ostrich farm
in Pasadena,

04:51.324 --> 04:54.027 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
one inventor installed
a giant solar motor,

04:54.027 --> 04:55.762 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
some 35 feet across,

04:55.762 --> 04:58.097 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
that pumped enough water
from the local well

04:58.097 --> 05:01.501 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
to make the dry California
ground a verdant paradise.

05:02.635 --> 05:05.004 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
In any single issue of
"Scientific American,"

05:05.004 --> 05:06.372 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
subscribers might read

05:06.372 --> 05:08.675 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
about a solar printing press
that could reel off

05:08.675 --> 05:10.209 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
500 copies an hour,

05:10.209 --> 05:12.712 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
or a host of solar gizmos

05:12.712 --> 05:14.947 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that did everything
from pumping sewage

05:14.947 --> 05:17.016 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
to distilling alcohol.

05:17.016 --> 05:19.152 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
At the turn of the century,

05:19.152 --> 05:21.854 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
there were so many solar hot
water heaters in homes

05:21.854 --> 05:24.357 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
in Florida that one resident
remarked,

05:24.357 --> 05:27.727 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
"I can't remember a house on the
block that didn't have one."

05:27.727 --> 05:29.729 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
IVAN PENN:
It was this age

05:29.729 --> 05:31.798 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
of all this talk about solar.

05:31.798 --> 05:33.833 align:left position:50% line:71% size:40%
It's about 1905.

05:33.833 --> 05:36.069 align:left position:25% line:71% size:65%
Albert Einstein is looking
at what they called

05:36.069 --> 05:38.137 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
the photoelectric effect:

05:38.137 --> 05:41.841 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
the release of
electrons when light hit metal,

05:41.841 --> 05:45.311 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
which is essential in
using solar to make electricity.

05:46.512 --> 05:49.248 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50%
By 1931,

05:49.248 --> 05:52.185 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
Edison is in
a conversation with Henry Ford,

05:52.185 --> 05:55.188 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
and he says, "I'd put my money
on the sun

05:55.188 --> 05:56.856 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
and solar energy,"

05:56.856 --> 05:59.425 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
in how we ultimately are
going to power the world.

05:59.425 --> 06:02.095 align:left position:35% line:77% size:55%
SHREVE-PRICE:
Telkes is passionately
interested

06:02.095 --> 06:05.164 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
in trying to chase
the power of the sun.

06:05.164 --> 06:07.800 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
In the United States,
in the 1930s,

06:07.800 --> 06:11.604 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
there are some really
interesting projects.

06:11.604 --> 06:13.639 align:left position:35% line:71% size:55%
But there haven't been
giant successes,

06:13.639 --> 06:16.843 align:left position:20% line:71% size:70%
and I think she sees that as
a real possibility.

06:18.778 --> 06:22.348 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
NARRATOR:
Telkes had been
obsessed since she was a girl.

06:22.348 --> 06:24.183 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
The brilliant daughter
of wealthy Hungarian bankers,

06:24.183 --> 06:26.552 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
born December 12, 1900,
in Budapest,

06:26.552 --> 06:30.156 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
she'd explain,
"I was only 11 when

06:30.156 --> 06:32.625 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
"I became intensively
curious about chemistry.

06:32.625 --> 06:35.695 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
"I purchased test tubes
and chemical glassware,

06:35.695 --> 06:38.831 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and a small garden
house became my laboratory."

06:38.831 --> 06:41.434 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
From the beginning,
she had bold plans

06:41.434 --> 06:43.369 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
to put her science to work.

06:44.937 --> 06:46.939 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
ADAM ROME:
Telkes, growing up in Hungary,

06:46.939 --> 06:49.108 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
coal was
the dominant form of energy.

06:49.108 --> 06:50.977 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Coal is incredibly polluting.

06:50.977 --> 06:52.412 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
You could have days,

06:52.412 --> 06:54.280 align:left position:15% line:71% size:75%
in the middle of the day, when
it seemed like night,

06:54.280 --> 06:55.548 align:left position:27.5% line:71% size:62.5%
or that, like an eclipse,

06:55.548 --> 06:57.850 align:left position:12.5% line:89% size:77.5%
where you couldn't see the sun.

06:57.850 --> 06:59.585 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
So there were people

06:59.585 --> 07:01.854 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
early in the 20th century

07:01.854 --> 07:05.057 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
who did imagine
a coal-less future.

07:05.057 --> 07:08.261 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
And Telkes,
growing up in that time,

07:08.261 --> 07:11.597 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
begins envisioning
alternative sources of energy.

07:11.597 --> 07:14.200 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
NARRATOR:
By the time she was 24,

07:14.200 --> 07:16.636 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
Telkes had earned a doctorate
in physical chemistry

07:16.636 --> 07:18.237 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
from the University of Budapest.

07:19.272 --> 07:22.775 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
"It is the things supposed to
be impossible that interest me,"

07:22.775 --> 07:24.343 align:left position:25% line:89% size:65%
Telkes would explain.

07:24.343 --> 07:27.847 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
"I like to do things
they say cannot be done."

07:27.847 --> 07:29.449 align:left position:47.5% line:89% size:42.5%
♪ ♪

07:29.449 --> 07:31.083 align:left position:35% line:89% size:55%
In May 1932,

07:31.083 --> 07:33.152 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
Telkes arrived in Cleveland,

07:33.152 --> 07:35.822 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
where by day, she had gotten
a job as a researcher

07:35.822 --> 07:37.657 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70%
at a biomedical facility.

07:37.657 --> 07:41.327 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
But by night, she was developing
and refining a device

07:41.327 --> 07:45.198 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
called a thermopile to convert
sunlight into electricity.

07:45.198 --> 07:48.134 align:left position:32.5% line:83% size:57.5%
Her work caught
the attention of the press,

07:48.134 --> 07:50.102 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
and in 1934, she was hailed

07:50.102 --> 07:52.338 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
as one of the most interesting
women of the year,

07:52.338 --> 07:55.641 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
alongside a tennis champion,
a Rockefeller,

07:55.641 --> 07:59.212 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
and child actress prodigy
Shirley Temple.

07:59.212 --> 08:02.081 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
As one reporter who met her
at the time remarked,

08:02.081 --> 08:06.285 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
"Miss Telkes is a scientist--
everything else bores her."

08:06.285 --> 08:07.520 align:left position:40% line:83% size:50%
NEMETHY:
She was adventurous.

08:07.520 --> 08:09.188 align:left position:40% line:71% size:50%
And she came over to
the United States

08:09.188 --> 08:10.623 align:left position:45% line:71% size:45%
and basically fell
in love with it.

08:10.623 --> 08:13.192 align:left position:45% line:71% size:45%
 
She loved the country
and she loved the freedom

08:13.192 --> 08:16.095 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
that she had to use
her immense skills

08:16.095 --> 08:18.030 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
and her vision for
whatever she came up with.

08:19.465 --> 08:23.002 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
NARRATOR:
Now, in April 1938,
out in Boston,

08:23.002 --> 08:25.204 align:left position:17.5% line:5% size:72.5%
she heard about an exciting
new project starting up

08:25.204 --> 08:27.807 align:left position:12.5% line:5% size:77.5%
at the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology.

08:27.807 --> 08:31.344 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
The Solar Energy Fund
launched to bring together

08:31.344 --> 08:33.713 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
the very best minds
on the solar question.

08:33.713 --> 08:36.582 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
As university
leaders told the press,

08:36.582 --> 08:39.051 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
"The store of energy
in our familiar fuels,

08:39.051 --> 08:41.254 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
while great,
is not inexhaustible."

08:41.254 --> 08:44.657 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
So it was high time
for bold new thinking.

08:44.657 --> 08:46.792 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Telkes immediately wrote
to them,

08:46.792 --> 08:48.794 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
"I read with great interest

08:48.794 --> 08:50.830 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
"the announcement of the
solar project.

08:50.830 --> 08:53.499 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
May I have the opportunity
of a personal interview?"

08:53.499 --> 08:56.402 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Her timing
couldn't have been better.

08:56.402 --> 08:59.272 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
Her new thermopile could,
by her own estimation,

08:59.272 --> 09:02.308 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
turn sunlight into power some
ten times more efficiently

09:02.308 --> 09:04.076 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
than any existing technology.

09:05.645 --> 09:08.014 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
When she initially
wasn't offered a position,

09:08.014 --> 09:11.551 align:left position:35% line:5% size:55%
she traveled
to Boston with her prototype,

09:11.551 --> 09:14.820 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
determined to impress
the all-male committee.

09:14.820 --> 09:17.890 align:left position:27.5% line:83% size:62.5%
The gambit worked,
and, in July 1939,

09:17.890 --> 09:20.793 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
she got the job.

09:20.793 --> 09:23.763 align:left position:22.5% line:83% size:67.5%
But just as it was all
falling into place,

09:23.763 --> 09:27.300 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
everything changed.

09:27.300 --> 09:28.434 align:left position:27.5% line:89% size:62.5%
(bombs whistling)

09:28.434 --> 09:32.071 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60%
(explosion roars)

09:32.071 --> 09:36.208 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
As war broke out across Europe,
Asia, and the United States,

09:36.208 --> 09:37.944 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
it unleashed an energy crisis

09:37.944 --> 09:40.446 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
the likes of
which the world had never seen.

09:40.446 --> 09:45.051 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
By June 1943, petroleum reserves
on the East Coast

09:45.051 --> 09:47.219 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
dropped to an all-time low.

09:47.219 --> 09:51.324 align:left position:17.5% line:83% size:72.5%
People needed a ration card
just to fill up the tank.

09:51.324 --> 09:53.492 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
Okay, it's an A card,
three gallons.

09:53.492 --> 09:55.595 align:left position:40% line:77% size:50%
NARRATOR:
And were forbidden
from driving faster

09:55.595 --> 09:57.296 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
than 35 miles an hour,

09:57.296 --> 10:00.399 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
known henceforth
as "Victory Speed."

10:00.399 --> 10:03.836 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
Making matters worse,
Nazi U-boats

10:03.836 --> 10:06.939 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70%
were sinking so many oil
tankers in the Gulf of Mexico

10:06.939 --> 10:09.442 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
that beaches
were stained ink-black.

10:09.442 --> 10:10.910 align:left position:45% line:83% size:45%
ROME:
World War II

10:10.910 --> 10:14.747 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
accentuates the sense
that a reckoning is coming.

10:14.747 --> 10:17.984 align:left position:25% line:83% size:65%
It really was partly
a war about resources.

10:17.984 --> 10:19.518 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80%
(film music playing)

10:19.518 --> 10:21.754 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
FILM NARRATOR:
Use trains.

10:21.754 --> 10:23.756 align:left position:32.5% line:5% size:57.5%
Use bus lines.

10:23.756 --> 10:25.925 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70%
Share cars going to work.

10:25.925 --> 10:28.894 align:left position:45% line:5% size:45%
ROME:
And so it's
this incredible period

10:28.894 --> 10:30.730 align:left position:35% line:83% size:55%
of government
promotion of conservation.

10:30.730 --> 10:33.733 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
So people were hyper-conscious
of their fuel use.

10:33.733 --> 10:36.168 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
And for a while,
this idea really mattered

10:36.168 --> 10:38.371 align:left position:22.5% line:89% size:67.5%
for a lot of Americans.

10:41.540 --> 10:45.177 align:left position:40% line:5% size:50%
NARRATOR:
Telkes's solar dream was more
urgent than ever,

10:45.177 --> 10:46.912 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80%
but the M.I.T. solar project was
put on ice

10:46.912 --> 10:48.447 align:left position:15% line:89% size:75%
for the duration of the war.

10:48.447 --> 10:52.284 align:left position:12.5% line:83% size:77.5%
The entire team was reassigned
to help with the war effort,

10:52.284 --> 10:54.754 align:left position:30% line:83% size:60%
and Telkes threw
herself into the work,

10:54.754 --> 10:56.589 align:left position:17.5% line:89% size:72.5%
alongside her collaborator,

10:56.589 --> 10:58.324 align:left position:15% line:83% size:75%
the head of the Solar Energy
Project,

10:58.324 --> 11:02.324 align:left position:37.5% line:83% size:52.5%
a chemical
engineer named Hoyt Hottel.