1 00:00:00,667 --> 00:00:03,136 (gentle pensive music) 2 00:00:03,136 --> 00:00:06,106 - [Baratunde] This is what a wild river looks like. 3 00:00:06,106 --> 00:00:09,909 No dams, no canals, no diversion. 4 00:00:09,909 --> 00:00:13,013 Just a river running wild like it's supposed to. 5 00:00:14,080 --> 00:00:17,217 But these days a truly untamed river 6 00:00:17,217 --> 00:00:19,552 is practically a thing of the past. 7 00:00:20,653 --> 00:00:22,756 We like to think that America is a land 8 00:00:22,756 --> 00:00:24,758 where rivers flow freely, 9 00:00:24,758 --> 00:00:27,193 but the truth may disappoint you. 10 00:00:27,193 --> 00:00:30,096 The vast majority of our rivers are dammed, 11 00:00:30,096 --> 00:00:33,666 diverted or otherwise controlled. 12 00:00:33,666 --> 00:00:36,202 But when I got to paddle the Suwannee River, 13 00:00:36,202 --> 00:00:39,205 the experience was indescribable. 14 00:00:39,205 --> 00:00:43,343 I was truly in awe, and that awe made me wonder, 15 00:00:44,511 --> 00:00:48,014 "Is it possible to make a river wild again?" 16 00:00:50,050 --> 00:00:51,718 To answer that question, 17 00:00:51,718 --> 00:00:54,387 we're traveling to Northern California 18 00:00:54,387 --> 00:00:55,655 where the Yurok tribe 19 00:00:55,655 --> 00:00:57,757 has been wondering a similar thing. 20 00:00:57,757 --> 00:00:59,426 - [Baratunde] Oh yeah. 21 00:00:59,426 --> 00:01:00,960 That one's kind of hard lugging around. 22 00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:03,496 - [Barry] Yeah, just for you, it's good though, huh? 23 00:01:03,496 --> 00:01:05,532 - [Baratunde] Just for me, it's perfect. 24 00:01:05,532 --> 00:01:07,233 - So we're here at the estuary 25 00:01:07,233 --> 00:01:08,868 of the Klamath River, 26 00:01:08,868 --> 00:01:10,937 kind of just before it meets the Pacific Ocean. 27 00:01:10,937 --> 00:01:12,772 There's a lot of activity here. 28 00:01:12,772 --> 00:01:13,940 You look around here, 29 00:01:13,940 --> 00:01:15,842 you're gonna see marine mammals and birds, 30 00:01:15,842 --> 00:01:17,110 and every single fish 31 00:01:17,110 --> 00:01:19,145 that enters the Klamath River has to pass 32 00:01:19,145 --> 00:01:20,713 through this area right here. 33 00:01:21,881 --> 00:01:23,783 - [Baratunde] Meet Barry McCovey, a biologist 34 00:01:23,783 --> 00:01:25,585 for the Yurok Tribe. 35 00:01:25,585 --> 00:01:27,854 The Yurok are among the five tribes 36 00:01:27,854 --> 00:01:29,222 that have called the Klamath River 37 00:01:29,222 --> 00:01:31,491 and surrounding area home long 38 00:01:31,491 --> 00:01:34,160 before European settlers arrived. 39 00:01:34,160 --> 00:01:35,662 - [Barry] The Yurok people, we believe 40 00:01:35,662 --> 00:01:38,198 that humans are also a part of this ecosystem. 41 00:01:38,198 --> 00:01:41,134 We're intrinsically connected to this river. 42 00:01:41,134 --> 00:01:42,836 It's just as important to Yurok people 43 00:01:42,836 --> 00:01:44,971 as the air we breathe. 44 00:01:44,971 --> 00:01:46,806 - [Baratunde] This connection largely centers 45 00:01:46,806 --> 00:01:49,509 around one amazing creature. 46 00:01:49,509 --> 00:01:50,910 Salmon. 47 00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:52,245 Salmon has been at the heart 48 00:01:52,245 --> 00:01:55,081 of Yurok culture for hundreds of years. 49 00:01:55,081 --> 00:01:57,350 - [Barry] We had this incredible source of food 50 00:01:57,350 --> 00:02:00,086 right in our backyards that we could access 51 00:02:00,086 --> 00:02:02,322 pretty easily for most of the year. 52 00:02:02,322 --> 00:02:05,592 - Imagine most of your community's meals come 53 00:02:05,592 --> 00:02:07,627 from fishing in the pristine, 54 00:02:07,627 --> 00:02:10,330 beautiful waters of the Klamath. 55 00:02:10,330 --> 00:02:13,500 For the Yurok, this was their reality. 56 00:02:13,500 --> 00:02:15,301 They could always count 57 00:02:15,301 --> 00:02:17,003 on the salmon passing through. 58 00:02:18,505 --> 00:02:20,039 - [Barry] So most salmon, they spend part 59 00:02:20,039 --> 00:02:21,307 of their life in freshwater 60 00:02:21,307 --> 00:02:23,109 and part of their life in saltwater. 61 00:02:23,109 --> 00:02:24,410 They're born upstream. 62 00:02:24,410 --> 00:02:26,179 They migrate out as juveniles 63 00:02:26,179 --> 00:02:29,649 into the Pacific Ocean and then they'll migrate 64 00:02:29,649 --> 00:02:32,018 back into the Klamath River and move upstream 65 00:02:32,018 --> 00:02:33,686 to spawn as adults. 66 00:02:33,686 --> 00:02:36,122 And then the cycle starts again. 67 00:02:36,122 --> 00:02:38,758 Every year in the spring, the summer, the fall, 68 00:02:38,758 --> 00:02:42,061 there was always abundant salmon runs 69 00:02:42,061 --> 00:02:44,864 and tribal people took advantage of that. 70 00:02:44,864 --> 00:02:46,499 - [Baratunde] But about a century ago, 71 00:02:46,499 --> 00:02:49,202 settlers began to develop the Klamath River 72 00:02:49,202 --> 00:02:51,804 altering its natural flow to suit their needs. 73 00:02:51,804 --> 00:02:53,373 Their goal was not just 74 00:02:53,373 --> 00:02:55,875 to channel the river's water for agriculture, 75 00:02:55,875 --> 00:02:58,244 but to harness its power for electricity. 76 00:02:59,679 --> 00:03:03,283 To do that, they built seven hydroelectric dams. 77 00:03:03,283 --> 00:03:05,885 That's seven massive structures placed 78 00:03:05,885 --> 00:03:07,720 in the path of the river 79 00:03:07,720 --> 00:03:10,957 For the Yurok that electricity came 80 00:03:10,957 --> 00:03:12,859 at a huge cost. 81 00:03:12,859 --> 00:03:14,160 - [Barry] And so now the fish 82 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:15,528 that used to be able to go 83 00:03:15,528 --> 00:03:17,096 to the upper basin to spawn, 84 00:03:17,096 --> 00:03:19,732 they came upstream and they ran into a dam. 85 00:03:19,732 --> 00:03:22,902 Like that, the run size was probably cut in half. 86 00:03:22,902 --> 00:03:25,705 - [Baratunde] And the situation only got worse. 87 00:03:25,705 --> 00:03:27,240 Over the next few decades, 88 00:03:27,240 --> 00:03:30,176 the Klamath would continue to lose its salmon 89 00:03:30,176 --> 00:03:35,248 with some species declining by a whopping 98%. 90 00:03:36,115 --> 00:03:38,051 This decline, it had a big effect 91 00:03:38,051 --> 00:03:39,485 on the Yurok people. 92 00:03:39,485 --> 00:03:41,921 - We have to rely a lot more on outside sources 93 00:03:41,921 --> 00:03:43,957 for food which aren't as healthy. 94 00:03:43,957 --> 00:03:45,491 We can see this direct correlation 95 00:03:45,491 --> 00:03:47,360 between the health of the Klamath River 96 00:03:47,360 --> 00:03:48,795 and the health of Yurok 97 00:03:48,795 --> 00:03:50,964 and other indigenous people on the Klamath River. 98 00:03:50,964 --> 00:03:53,199 - [Baratunde] But this loss is about much more 99 00:03:53,199 --> 00:03:54,968 than just nutrition. 100 00:03:54,968 --> 00:03:55,935 - For me, these salmon 101 00:03:55,935 --> 00:03:58,805 aren't just like a food you eat. 102 00:03:58,805 --> 00:04:01,841 For me, it's losing a part 103 00:04:01,841 --> 00:04:04,410 of my ancestry, my history. 104 00:04:04,410 --> 00:04:06,212 - [Baratunde] This is Brooke Thompson, 105 00:04:06,212 --> 00:04:09,215 a member of the Yurok and Karuk Tribes. 106 00:04:09,215 --> 00:04:10,483 Brooke is well acquainted 107 00:04:10,483 --> 00:04:12,719 with the dangers of a dammed Klamath river. 108 00:04:13,786 --> 00:04:15,288 - [Brooke] I was seven years old. 109 00:04:15,288 --> 00:04:16,656 It was early in the morning, 110 00:04:16,656 --> 00:04:18,391 so I was with my dad and my mom, 111 00:04:18,391 --> 00:04:20,260 and you just heard people call out like, 112 00:04:20,260 --> 00:04:21,561 "Hey, you have to check out the river. 113 00:04:21,561 --> 00:04:23,029 Something's going on." 114 00:04:23,029 --> 00:04:24,097 And we came out to see 115 00:04:24,097 --> 00:04:25,732 what everyone was talking about. 116 00:04:25,732 --> 00:04:28,101 There were just, as far as you could see 117 00:04:28,101 --> 00:04:29,535 down the river, there was just piles 118 00:04:29,535 --> 00:04:31,004 of dead salmon. 119 00:04:31,004 --> 00:04:32,705 - [Baratunde] What Brooke was experiencing 120 00:04:32,705 --> 00:04:34,474 would go down in history 121 00:04:34,474 --> 00:04:38,077 as the "Klamath River Fish Kill of 2002". 122 00:04:38,077 --> 00:04:40,179 That year, low water levels 123 00:04:40,179 --> 00:04:42,015 and poor water quality 124 00:04:42,015 --> 00:04:44,784 created the perfect conditions for a disease 125 00:04:44,784 --> 00:04:47,920 called gill rot to spread rapidly. 126 00:04:47,920 --> 00:04:50,623 The results were disastrous. 127 00:04:50,623 --> 00:04:52,392 - It was the biggest salmon die off 128 00:04:52,392 --> 00:04:53,960 in the history of the United States. 129 00:04:53,960 --> 00:04:56,796 Upwards of 60 to 70,000 Chinook salmon 130 00:04:56,796 --> 00:04:58,765 and Coho salmon were dead 131 00:04:58,765 --> 00:05:00,633 and lining the banks of the Klamath River. 132 00:05:00,633 --> 00:05:02,935 That kind of galvanized the community 133 00:05:02,935 --> 00:05:05,505 and the tribal communities in particular to say, 134 00:05:05,505 --> 00:05:07,440 "We have to do something about this. 135 00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:09,075 We have to change this trajectory 136 00:05:09,075 --> 00:05:10,243 because the trajectory 137 00:05:10,243 --> 00:05:12,745 that we were on was extinction." 138 00:05:12,745 --> 00:05:13,680 (indistinct) 139 00:05:13,680 --> 00:05:15,415 - [Crowd] Bring the salmon home. 140 00:05:16,215 --> 00:05:17,817 - They say they'll work with us 141 00:05:18,618 --> 00:05:21,120 to bring the salmon home. 142 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:25,425 The question is, do they mean it this time? 143 00:05:27,060 --> 00:05:29,929 - [Baratunde] And now more than 20 years later, 144 00:05:29,929 --> 00:05:32,532 there's another kind of disruption happening. 145 00:05:32,532 --> 00:05:34,334 - US regulators approved a plan 146 00:05:34,334 --> 00:05:37,370 to demolish four dams on a California river. 147 00:05:37,370 --> 00:05:40,306 - Four of those giant dams are coming down. 148 00:05:40,306 --> 00:05:44,677 It's the largest dam removal project in history. 149 00:05:46,045 --> 00:05:48,881 - [Mark] Simply amazing to be where we are today. 150 00:05:48,881 --> 00:05:50,750 It's been a long time coming. 151 00:05:50,750 --> 00:05:52,952 - [Baratunde] Mark Bransom is the CEO 152 00:05:52,952 --> 00:05:55,455 of the Klamath River Renewal Corporation 153 00:05:55,455 --> 00:05:58,358 which recently gained ownership of the four dams 154 00:05:58,358 --> 00:06:00,393 and is preparing for their removal. 155 00:06:00,393 --> 00:06:02,795 - Removal of the dams is intended 156 00:06:02,795 --> 00:06:05,598 to accomplish several major goals. 157 00:06:05,598 --> 00:06:07,834 One, these dams and reservoirs 158 00:06:07,834 --> 00:06:10,737 have created water quality impairments. 159 00:06:10,737 --> 00:06:11,971 During the summer, 160 00:06:11,971 --> 00:06:14,006 the water in these reservoirs warms up 161 00:06:14,006 --> 00:06:16,476 and supports the growth of large blooms 162 00:06:16,476 --> 00:06:18,678 of toxic blue-green algae. 163 00:06:18,678 --> 00:06:21,414 The water that moves through these reservoirs 164 00:06:21,414 --> 00:06:23,916 and pass these dams carries that toxin 165 00:06:23,916 --> 00:06:25,885 with them having direct impacts 166 00:06:25,885 --> 00:06:28,621 on the wildlife that utilize the river. 167 00:06:28,621 --> 00:06:31,557 Secondly, is to restore fish passage 168 00:06:31,557 --> 00:06:33,326 so that these returning salmon 169 00:06:33,326 --> 00:06:35,628 can access that historic habitat 170 00:06:35,628 --> 00:06:37,897 in the upper parts of the watershed. 171 00:06:37,897 --> 00:06:39,966 - It sounds like demolishing these dams 172 00:06:39,966 --> 00:06:42,735 should make life better for people and wildlife 173 00:06:42,735 --> 00:06:43,836 along the Klamath. 174 00:06:43,836 --> 00:06:46,572 But this is a huge change 175 00:06:46,572 --> 00:06:49,142 and some people have serious doubts. 176 00:06:49,976 --> 00:06:51,244 - I can tell you that everybody 177 00:06:51,244 --> 00:06:53,546 that moved up here bought a house here 178 00:06:53,546 --> 00:06:55,782 because they wanted to live on a lake. 179 00:06:55,782 --> 00:06:58,451 It's a difficult transition for people 180 00:06:58,451 --> 00:07:00,420 to lose the lake. 181 00:07:00,420 --> 00:07:03,222 - [Baratunde] Francis Gill and Danny Fontaine live 182 00:07:03,222 --> 00:07:05,191 at the water's edge. 183 00:07:05,191 --> 00:07:07,960 They're residents of a lakefront community, 184 00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:11,030 a lake that was formed by the construction 185 00:07:11,030 --> 00:07:12,999 of one of the dams. 186 00:07:12,999 --> 00:07:14,634 With about a hundred residents, 187 00:07:14,634 --> 00:07:17,270 Copco Lake was the perfect place for Danny 188 00:07:17,270 --> 00:07:19,405 and Francis to live out their dreams 189 00:07:19,405 --> 00:07:21,207 of small town life. 190 00:07:21,207 --> 00:07:22,842 - Come on in. 191 00:07:22,842 --> 00:07:24,377 Our plan was actually to make this 192 00:07:24,377 --> 00:07:26,512 into a really old looking general store 193 00:07:26,512 --> 00:07:29,849 and just have that feel of an old general store. 194 00:07:29,849 --> 00:07:31,050 - [Baratunde] But since the decision 195 00:07:31,050 --> 00:07:32,452 to remove the dams, 196 00:07:32,452 --> 00:07:34,654 they worry that the community's future 197 00:07:34,654 --> 00:07:35,888 is in limbo. 198 00:07:35,888 --> 00:07:37,423 - Everything is just so undetermined. 199 00:07:37,423 --> 00:07:38,624 There's no answers. 200 00:07:38,624 --> 00:07:39,559 There's no clear answers to anything 201 00:07:39,559 --> 00:07:40,493 or what anything will be like. 202 00:07:40,493 --> 00:07:42,295 It's just a risk and a guess. 203 00:07:42,295 --> 00:07:45,097 - [Baratunde] And it's not just Danny and Francis. 204 00:07:45,097 --> 00:07:47,033 Many of their neighbors also worry 205 00:07:47,033 --> 00:07:50,036 about how this project will affect their lives. 206 00:07:50,036 --> 00:07:52,939 The Klamath River Renewal Corporation admits 207 00:07:52,939 --> 00:07:54,974 some property owners around the river 208 00:07:54,974 --> 00:07:57,310 could experience troubling impacts 209 00:07:57,310 --> 00:08:00,112 from dam removal, impacts like changes 210 00:08:00,112 --> 00:08:02,315 to groundwater wells, homes settling 211 00:08:02,315 --> 00:08:05,885 or slumping, even a higher risk of flooding. 212 00:08:05,885 --> 00:08:10,089 - Most people up here are very skeptical at best. 213 00:08:10,089 --> 00:08:12,492 People are fearful of losing wildlife. 214 00:08:12,492 --> 00:08:13,459 People are fearful 215 00:08:13,459 --> 00:08:16,229 of losing their property values. 216 00:08:16,229 --> 00:08:17,463 - It's supposed 217 00:08:17,463 --> 00:08:19,131 to be the biggest dam removal in history. 218 00:08:19,131 --> 00:08:20,399 Who knows what could happen? 219 00:08:20,399 --> 00:08:21,901 I mean, if it's the first time anything 220 00:08:21,901 --> 00:08:24,270 that big has ever taken place, it kind of feels 221 00:08:24,270 --> 00:08:28,307 like an experiment and we're the Guinea pigs. 222 00:08:28,307 --> 00:08:29,809 - [Baratunde] But many scientists who've studied 223 00:08:29,809 --> 00:08:32,278 this river believe that research exists 224 00:08:32,278 --> 00:08:34,814 which addresses the concerns of residents. 225 00:08:36,649 --> 00:08:38,351 - Our goal as scientists is to be 226 00:08:38,351 --> 00:08:40,386 as transparent as possible. 227 00:08:40,386 --> 00:08:41,954 Some of the fears that folks have about 228 00:08:41,954 --> 00:08:43,422 what might happen with dam removal 229 00:08:43,422 --> 00:08:45,191 have been thoroughly studied, 230 00:08:45,191 --> 00:08:47,994 thoroughly addressed by independent parties. 231 00:08:47,994 --> 00:08:50,763 They've done a ton of analysis, a ton of modeling 232 00:08:50,763 --> 00:08:53,199 with expertise in the river and have been able 233 00:08:53,199 --> 00:08:55,501 to conclusively show that a lot 234 00:08:55,501 --> 00:08:57,703 of these fears are unfounded. 235 00:08:57,703 --> 00:09:00,339 (upbeat music) 236 00:09:01,874 --> 00:09:03,643 - [Baratunde] Desiree Tullos is a professor 237 00:09:03,643 --> 00:09:06,112 of water resources engineering. 238 00:09:06,112 --> 00:09:07,980 The work she and her team are doing 239 00:09:07,980 --> 00:09:09,415 is key to understanding 240 00:09:09,415 --> 00:09:11,951 what impact the dam removal project will have 241 00:09:11,951 --> 00:09:13,185 on the Klamath. 242 00:09:13,185 --> 00:09:14,720 - [Desiree] Things we can say with confidence, 243 00:09:14,720 --> 00:09:15,821 the cyanobacterial blooms 244 00:09:15,821 --> 00:09:16,989 in the reservoirs will be gone. 245 00:09:16,989 --> 00:09:18,558 The toxin levels in the river 246 00:09:18,558 --> 00:09:20,526 that we're standing in will drop. 247 00:09:20,526 --> 00:09:21,961 We're very confident in that. 248 00:09:21,961 --> 00:09:24,063 We also know that salmon are gonna move upstream 249 00:09:24,063 --> 00:09:25,698 beyond where they are currently. 250 00:09:25,698 --> 00:09:26,632 Whether that translates 251 00:09:26,632 --> 00:09:28,301 into like large scale recovery 252 00:09:28,301 --> 00:09:30,570 of fish is an open question. 253 00:09:32,705 --> 00:09:34,073 There's a fear, I think, 254 00:09:34,073 --> 00:09:35,341 sometimes among scientists, if we share that, 255 00:09:35,341 --> 00:09:36,809 "Hey, we're probably not gonna see 256 00:09:36,809 --> 00:09:38,978 this huge salmon run the year after dam removal," 257 00:09:38,978 --> 00:09:41,080 that people are gonna walk away from the basin 258 00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:42,214 or they're gonna think the dam removal 259 00:09:42,214 --> 00:09:43,516 was a failure. 260 00:09:43,516 --> 00:09:45,217 But the reality is that we're talking 261 00:09:45,217 --> 00:09:46,452 about ecological timescales, 262 00:09:46,452 --> 00:09:47,720 not human timescales. 263 00:09:47,720 --> 00:09:49,288 We have the the patience to know 264 00:09:49,288 --> 00:09:50,556 that it's not necessarily gonna happen 265 00:09:50,556 --> 00:09:51,490 within the first year, 266 00:09:51,490 --> 00:09:53,225 that it could take some time 267 00:09:53,225 --> 00:09:54,660 and it's gonna take more actions 268 00:09:54,660 --> 00:09:56,262 than just the dam removal. 269 00:09:56,262 --> 00:09:57,830 - [Baratunde] When it comes to salmon, 270 00:09:57,830 --> 00:10:00,499 scientists remain optimistic. 271 00:10:00,499 --> 00:10:02,568 Even as they admit that the future 272 00:10:02,568 --> 00:10:06,038 of the fish is uncertain, they expect one thing. 273 00:10:06,038 --> 00:10:09,408 Removing the dam will improve water quality 274 00:10:10,376 --> 00:10:12,378 and that's beneficial to everyone. 275 00:10:12,378 --> 00:10:15,247 Not only are property values expected to rise, 276 00:10:15,247 --> 00:10:17,883 the grass is literally looking greener. 277 00:10:17,883 --> 00:10:20,453 - All that green right there is underwater 278 00:10:20,453 --> 00:10:22,755 and so when the water went down, 279 00:10:22,755 --> 00:10:24,290 it's been a few weeks, 280 00:10:24,290 --> 00:10:25,725 but it's just turning green. 281 00:10:25,725 --> 00:10:28,027 If it all looks like that, it would be awesome. 282 00:10:29,128 --> 00:10:30,363 - Sometimes it's so hard for me 283 00:10:30,363 --> 00:10:32,098 to wrap my mind around the puzzle 284 00:10:32,098 --> 00:10:33,299 of the dam removal. 285 00:10:33,299 --> 00:10:34,600 At the end of the day, 286 00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:36,569 I want everyone in California to prosper. 287 00:10:36,569 --> 00:10:37,737 We can find ways where we can 288 00:10:37,737 --> 00:10:39,071 all uplift each other 289 00:10:40,272 --> 00:10:43,009 - [Baratunde] So, will the river run wild again 290 00:10:43,009 --> 00:10:44,510 once the dams are gone? 291 00:10:44,510 --> 00:10:46,779 The Klamath may never be fully restored 292 00:10:46,779 --> 00:10:49,548 to the way it was before it was developed. 293 00:10:49,548 --> 00:10:51,984 But this is a monumental step 294 00:10:51,984 --> 00:10:53,486 in the right direction, 295 00:10:53,486 --> 00:10:55,755 bringing this river one step closer 296 00:10:55,755 --> 00:10:56,956 to its former self. 297 00:10:58,190 --> 00:10:59,792 - [Barry] 20 years ago when we would mention 298 00:10:59,792 --> 00:11:00,926 we wanna remove the Klamath dams, 299 00:11:00,926 --> 00:11:02,428 we would get laughed out of the room. 300 00:11:02,428 --> 00:11:04,697 To get here, it gives us hope, 301 00:11:04,697 --> 00:11:06,399 and it should give everyone hope. 302 00:11:06,399 --> 00:11:09,001 Any crazy project or crazy idea 303 00:11:09,001 --> 00:11:10,236 that someone has 304 00:11:10,236 --> 00:11:11,470 that's gonna help restore balance 305 00:11:11,470 --> 00:11:13,439 and help fix an ecosystem, 306 00:11:13,439 --> 00:11:14,640 all they have to do is look 307 00:11:14,640 --> 00:11:16,842 at the Klamath and say, "Those guys did it. 308 00:11:16,842 --> 00:11:18,577 We should be able to do it, too." 309 00:11:18,577 --> 00:11:21,947 It's not just about restoring the Klamath River. 310 00:11:21,947 --> 00:11:24,183 This whole idea is much bigger than that. 311 00:11:24,183 --> 00:11:25,918 It's about fixing the earth. 312 00:11:30,690 --> 00:11:32,425 - Thank you so much for watching. 313 00:11:32,425 --> 00:11:35,461 For more inspiring stories of the great outdoors 314 00:11:35,461 --> 00:11:37,063 and our connection to nature, 315 00:11:37,063 --> 00:11:38,831 please check out season two 316 00:11:38,831 --> 00:11:41,934 of "America Outdoors" with Baratunde Thurston. 317 00:11:41,934 --> 00:11:43,803 We're in the PBS video app, 318 00:11:43,803 --> 00:11:46,706 your PBS local station or click the link 319 00:11:46,706 --> 00:11:48,908 in the description below for access 320 00:11:48,908 --> 00:11:50,376 to a full episode 321 00:11:50,376 --> 00:11:52,144 and more information about the show.