WEBVTT 00:01.401 --> 00:02.335 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - [Baratunde] This is Hawaii's Banzai Pipeline, 00:03.503 --> 00:06.406 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% a surf spot that's known for its deadly waves. 00:06.406 --> 00:07.974 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% And these are scientists 00:07.974 --> 00:11.911 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% moments before diving into that crazy dangerous pipeline. 00:11.911 --> 00:12.846 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% (beeps) 00:12.846 --> 00:13.780 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - I mean, it's still pumping. 00:13.780 --> 00:14.614 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Yeah. 00:16.750 --> 00:19.085 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - I love it. We'll be okay. 00:19.085 --> 00:22.055 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - So clearly they're not your typical people in lab coats. 00:22.055 --> 00:24.024 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% They're also kick-ass surfers. 00:25.458 --> 00:27.260 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And they're on a mission to protect the coral reefs 00:27.260 --> 00:29.362 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% at the Pipe and all over the world. 00:29.362 --> 00:30.263 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - It's rough down there huh? 00:30.263 --> 00:31.097 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Yeah 00:31.097 --> 00:32.465 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Recent studies estimate 00:32.465 --> 00:34.601 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that half the world's coral reefs are dead 00:34.601 --> 00:36.803 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and nearly all could die within 30 years. 00:36.803 --> 00:38.304 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Particularly in Hawaii, 00:38.304 --> 00:40.607 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% over 30% of the reefs are damaged or destroyed. 00:40.607 --> 00:42.976 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - The waves that depend on these reefs 00:42.976 --> 00:45.779 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% is so valuable to not just me and my family, 00:45.779 --> 00:47.614 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% but also the surf industry. 00:47.614 --> 00:49.482 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% There's a real threat that these waves 00:49.482 --> 00:50.884 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% aren't gonna break the same, 00:50.884 --> 00:52.752 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% so we need to protect the waves 00:52.752 --> 00:55.321 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and how we can do that is to protect our reefs. 00:55.321 --> 00:57.390 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - By making 3D maps of the coral reefs, 00:57.390 --> 00:59.359 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% these surfing scientists can better monitor 00:59.359 --> 01:00.560 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% the health of the reefs. 01:00.560 --> 01:02.996 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% But in order to do that and come out alive, 01:02.996 --> 01:05.765 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% they need to rely on their knowledge of the ocean. 01:11.304 --> 01:13.273 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% That's me, Baratunde Thurston. 01:13.273 --> 01:16.943 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I took my first real surf lessons in New York city. 01:16.943 --> 01:19.946 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I get on a board every once in a while here in California, 01:19.946 --> 01:23.216 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but Hawaii, that's a whole nother level and I'm just 01:23.216 --> 01:25.218 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% not sure I'm cut out for that. 01:25.218 --> 01:28.254 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% But this dude, he's definitely cut out for that. 01:28.254 --> 01:31.758 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% That's Cliff Kapono and he's an absolute beast, 01:31.758 --> 01:32.926 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% a pro surfer, 01:32.926 --> 01:35.261 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% a chemist, and an ardent conservationist. 01:35.261 --> 01:36.696 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% He's also native Hawaii. 01:36.696 --> 01:38.431 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% So he's got a bit of an advantage, 01:38.431 --> 01:40.500 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% 'cause surfing is literally in his blood. 01:41.935 --> 01:44.471 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - For us, surfing doesn't start when you catch the wave, 01:44.471 --> 01:47.707 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% it starts just looking at the water and being a part of it. 01:47.707 --> 01:51.711 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% What we're taught is waves actually first come from the sun 01:52.879 --> 01:56.282 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and as this energy begins to heat up and 01:56.282 --> 01:59.085 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% move across these large bodies of water, 01:59.085 --> 02:01.054 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% eventually finding some sort 02:01.054 --> 02:04.090 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% of bottom, like a sandy beach or a reef. 02:04.090 --> 02:07.260 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The energy kind of just hits an apex 02:07.260 --> 02:12.031 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and causes this body of water to crest and break. 02:12.031 --> 02:14.467 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The surfer is the one who's there, 02:14.467 --> 02:18.004 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% who's participating in that energy flow, 02:18.004 --> 02:20.507 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% just for a few seconds before it crashes 02:20.507 --> 02:23.510 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% onto the shore and dissipates back into the ether. 02:23.510 --> 02:27.747 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And it's a pretty special feeling to have that sun energy 02:27.747 --> 02:29.716 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% and ride it through water form. 02:29.716 --> 02:31.518 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And it kind of goes into you. 02:31.518 --> 02:34.187 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - That's good. You're like a poet as well. 02:34.187 --> 02:37.023 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% You should add poet to your list of professions. 02:37.023 --> 02:39.893 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It does not sound like an athletic experience. 02:39.893 --> 02:43.129 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It sounds like a, a spiritual experience. 02:43.129 --> 02:46.099 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Yeah. Surfing for me has been given to me by my family. 02:46.099 --> 02:49.002 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And it's been in our family for generations. 02:49.002 --> 02:52.272 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Humans have been taken to the waves all over the world 02:52.272 --> 02:53.773 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% for thousands of years. 02:53.773 --> 02:55.942 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Surfing was thought to have started in Polynesia 02:55.942 --> 02:58.778 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and it was here in Hawaii that it developed into the sport 02:58.778 --> 03:00.246 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% we know know today. 03:00.246 --> 03:02.448 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - The Hawaiian people pioneered the celebration 03:02.448 --> 03:05.518 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of riding waves standing up and also incorporating 03:05.518 --> 03:08.922 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that into their identity and philosophy in life. 03:08.922 --> 03:11.691 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Before Westerners arrived in the early eighteen hundreds 03:11.691 --> 03:14.794 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% surfing was a massive part of Hawaiian culture. 03:14.794 --> 03:17.530 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Board making was a sacred art and surf contests 03:17.530 --> 03:21.000 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% determine social standing, even romantic success. 03:21.000 --> 03:23.069 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% It was spiritual and it was social, 03:23.069 --> 03:25.772 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but all that changed with colonization. 03:25.772 --> 03:29.576 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - In 1893, there was an overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom. 03:29.576 --> 03:33.413 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% It was a forceful takeover by American businessmen. 03:33.413 --> 03:37.417 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% There was a strong push to sever the history 03:37.417 --> 03:38.785 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% of the Hawaiian people. 03:38.785 --> 03:41.754 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% You remove the language, you remove the history, 03:41.754 --> 03:43.656 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% you gotta remove surfing too. 03:43.656 --> 03:46.793 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - The sport, as we know, became popular to the wider world 03:46.793 --> 03:48.328 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% because of two native Hawaiians, 03:48.328 --> 03:50.230 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% Hawaiian wonder George Freeth 03:50.230 --> 03:53.233 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% and Duke Kahanamoku, the so-called father of surfing. 03:53.233 --> 03:55.568 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% - Duke Kahanamoku ended up winning 03:55.568 --> 03:57.370 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% a gold medal for the United States. 03:57.370 --> 03:59.105 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% That was a big contribution 03:59.105 --> 04:00.873 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% to allowing the U.S. to lay off 04:00.873 --> 04:02.242 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of the Hawaiian surfers a bit. 04:02.242 --> 04:04.043 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% And it started to come back. 04:04.043 --> 04:06.879 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - But thanks to the American surf boom of the 1950s 04:06.879 --> 04:10.550 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and sixties surfers and surf culture became associated 04:10.550 --> 04:12.885 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with "beach bum stoners" and other 04:12.885 --> 04:17.056 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% not so positive stereotypes, rather than its actual history. 04:17.056 --> 04:19.859 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - That image has been perpetuated for so long 04:19.859 --> 04:22.128 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% but that's not where surfing was rooted in. 04:22.128 --> 04:24.230 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And surfing's not just about riding waves. 04:24.230 --> 04:29.168 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Being a surfer is someone who understands winds and tides 04:29.168 --> 04:32.171 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and time management. Being a surfer 04:32.171 --> 04:36.843 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% has just prepared me to be a better scientist. 04:36.843 --> 04:39.545 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - It there's anyone who breaks that old stereotype 04:39.545 --> 04:41.414 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% of the surfer, it's Cliff. 04:41.414 --> 04:43.850 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% He's a chemist who spent the last several years 04:43.850 --> 04:47.387 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% surfing the world in the name of coral reef restoration. 04:47.387 --> 04:49.222 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% That's a lot of productivity, Cliff. 04:49.222 --> 04:51.924 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - When we look at some of the different molecules 04:51.924 --> 04:53.726 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that are found in the tissue of coral, 04:53.726 --> 04:56.195 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% we also see that as found in human lungs and human heart. 04:56.195 --> 04:57.230 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% - That's trippy. 04:57.230 --> 04:58.665 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Yeah. 04:58.665 --> 05:00.266 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Just think about what do coral reefs do for the planet? 05:00.266 --> 05:04.570 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They're literally in charge of respiration and circulation. 05:04.570 --> 05:06.939 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Now, coral reefs are important ecosystems. 05:06.939 --> 05:09.809 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They support over 25% of all Marine life. 05:09.809 --> 05:12.111 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% They protect coastlines from storms and erosion, 05:12.111 --> 05:15.682 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% provide economic benefits, and contribute to surfing. 05:15.682 --> 05:18.651 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% But what exactly is causing the reefs to die out? 05:18.651 --> 05:19.819 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% I asked Maiya May, 05:19.819 --> 05:21.888 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% who headlines as a geoscience communicator 05:21.888 --> 05:24.657 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and is the host of the show "Weathered", to fill us in. 05:25.758 --> 05:27.894 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - Corals are foundation species. 05:27.894 --> 05:29.662 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And the reefs that they make are found 05:29.662 --> 05:32.098 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% in only 1% of the world's oceans. 05:32.098 --> 05:34.767 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Unfortunately, climate change threatens reefs all 05:34.767 --> 05:35.668 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% over the world. 05:35.668 --> 05:37.603 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% We pump millions of tons 05:37.603 --> 05:40.807 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year. 05:40.807 --> 05:43.343 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% An amount that's increased more than 50% 05:43.343 --> 05:45.211 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% since the seventeen hundreds. 05:45.211 --> 05:48.915 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The ocean absorbs about 30% of what we pump out. 05:48.915 --> 05:51.417 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% The result is a warmer climate, warmer water, 05:51.417 --> 05:54.620 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and oceans that are becoming increasingly acidic. 05:54.620 --> 05:57.256 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% The result weaker corals. 05:57.256 --> 05:58.458 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Now corals are home 05:58.458 --> 06:00.393 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% to a special kind of algae. 06:00.393 --> 06:03.062 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Overly warm water stresses the corals, causing 06:03.062 --> 06:05.098 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% the algae to abandon their homes. 06:05.098 --> 06:08.067 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% When the algae leaves, so does the corals' color. 06:08.067 --> 06:10.002 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% This is called coral bleaching. 06:10.002 --> 06:11.738 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% But it's not just the color that's gone. 06:11.738 --> 06:14.340 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Since the algae are an important energy source, 06:14.340 --> 06:17.176 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the corals have a much harder time getting the energy 06:17.176 --> 06:18.611 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% they need to live. 06:18.611 --> 06:21.414 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Other human activities impact them too. 06:21.414 --> 06:24.484 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% In Hawaii, scientists looked at water that was seeping 06:24.484 --> 06:26.386 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% from the ground onto the reef. 06:26.386 --> 06:28.321 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In addition to being filled with pollutants, 06:28.321 --> 06:32.158 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% the water was acidic making the sea water even more acidic 06:32.158 --> 06:35.328 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and the pollutants further degraded the corals. 06:35.328 --> 06:37.497 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% So these kinds of pressures mean 06:37.497 --> 06:41.033 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that corals are susceptible to sickness and death. 06:41.033 --> 06:42.335 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% That's bad news. 06:44.170 --> 06:47.373 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - If corals are, they reflect our own lungs 06:47.373 --> 06:51.310 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% then the personal version is our lungs stop working. 06:51.310 --> 06:52.612 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% We can't breathe. 06:52.612 --> 06:54.814 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And that's, that's pretty devastating. 06:54.814 --> 06:57.817 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - So what I try to do is I try to celebrate the coral 06:57.817 --> 06:59.719 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% reef that are fighting back. 06:59.719 --> 07:02.321 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We still have these reefs that are resilient. 07:02.321 --> 07:03.823 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% They're handling. 07:03.823 --> 07:05.358 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% We don't have to be like, "oh, well, if it's going 07:05.358 --> 07:07.160 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to hell in a hand basket, anyway, let's just party." 07:07.160 --> 07:09.762 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It's like, we can still party, 07:09.762 --> 07:13.032 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% but we can party with the coral 'cause they're still around. 07:13.032 --> 07:14.500 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% You know? 07:14.500 --> 07:17.103 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - Cliff's latest project is with the Mega Lab team in Hawaii 07:17.103 --> 07:18.905 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% where he focuses on making 3D maps 07:18.905 --> 07:21.641 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% of the reefs that hug various shores all over the world. 07:21.641 --> 07:24.177 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - 2015 is when the first publication 07:24.177 --> 07:26.746 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% that the founder of the Mega Lab, John Burns, put out. 07:26.746 --> 07:30.116 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% He applied this method that archeologists were 07:30.116 --> 07:33.986 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% using to map pyramids and the different like layers. 07:33.986 --> 07:35.221 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% - Yeah. 07:35.221 --> 07:37.056 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - So he applied this method underwater. 07:37.056 --> 07:40.927 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - They do this by swimming into the ocean and taking photos. 07:40.927 --> 07:43.863 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% But it's a bit more involved in that because their knowledge 07:43.863 --> 07:46.032 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% as surfers is critical. 07:46.032 --> 07:48.434 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% They're not on their boards, but they do need that 07:48.434 --> 07:51.838 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% surfer's understanding of the water to anticipate the swells 07:51.838 --> 07:54.740 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% and where the riptides are going, for example. 07:54.740 --> 07:56.776 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% In the past, scientists could only 07:56.776 --> 07:58.511 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% do 2D photograph. 07:58.511 --> 08:01.147 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% It was better than nothing, but it didn't give them nearly 08:01.147 --> 08:04.317 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% as much information as with the 3D mapping. 08:04.317 --> 08:07.553 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% In this new world, they can take thousands of photographs, 08:07.553 --> 08:10.790 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% overlay them, and then use a computer vision tool, which 08:10.790 --> 08:15.461 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% converts all those 2D images into an integrated 3D model. 08:15.461 --> 08:16.863 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% - With an AR headset, 08:16.863 --> 08:18.698 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% or even by scrolling around, you can start to go 08:18.698 --> 08:21.968 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% into the cracks and the crevices and you can see a whole 08:21.968 --> 08:24.570 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% nother level of data of how the reef is growing 08:24.570 --> 08:25.771 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% or it's dying. 08:25.771 --> 08:27.440 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% You know, it has become, I would say, 08:27.440 --> 08:30.309 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% pretty standard in coral monitoring now. 08:30.309 --> 08:32.812 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - They've also installed these underwater cameras to 08:32.812 --> 08:34.780 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% help monitor reef activity, cameras 08:34.780 --> 08:37.283 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% that you can tune into through a live stream. 08:37.283 --> 08:40.586 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Yes, we have reef surveillance, networks running 08:40.586 --> 08:41.787 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% but I think the reefs are okay 08:41.787 --> 08:43.289 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% with it 'cause it's gonna help them survive. 08:43.289 --> 08:45.157 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - It's called the mega cam. So like. 08:45.157 --> 08:46.492 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Is it sounds like a pretty big camera? 08:46.492 --> 08:48.094 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Is there, is it a pretty big camera? 08:48.094 --> 08:49.595 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Yeah, it's actually small, but it, it 08:49.595 --> 08:51.264 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% we want the impact to be big. 08:51.264 --> 08:52.098 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% You're the big part. 08:52.098 --> 08:53.299 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% - Okay. Okay. 08:53.299 --> 08:54.767 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% - Yeah. We're just trying to take images 08:54.767 --> 08:57.236 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% and tell stories of healthy reefs where, where we find them. 08:58.638 --> 09:00.172 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - What's been the connection 09:00.172 --> 09:02.842 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% for you with surfing and, and this form of science? 09:02.842 --> 09:06.546 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% - There's more respiration happening in the sea 09:06.546 --> 09:09.549 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% than there is in the rainforest, for the planet. 09:09.549 --> 09:11.951 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Every second breath literally is a result 09:11.951 --> 09:14.153 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% of a healthy ocean, but it's kind of like 09:14.153 --> 09:17.290 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% if you never seen it, how can you really protect it? 09:17.290 --> 09:19.959 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% And that's where my role in the surf industry 09:19.959 --> 09:22.528 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% more caters towards - using surfing 09:22.528 --> 09:25.464 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% as a vehicle to tell stories and celebrate the idea 09:25.464 --> 09:29.035 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% of humans connecting with our natural world. 09:29.035 --> 09:31.103 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% - There is so much we don't know 09:31.103 --> 09:33.039 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% about what's happened in beneath the surface. 09:33.039 --> 09:35.675 align:left position:20% line:5% size:70% And that is a metaphor for people, 09:35.675 --> 09:37.343 align:left position:10% line:5% size:80% for cultures we've ignored, 09:37.343 --> 09:40.379 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% for not judging a book by its cover. 09:40.379 --> 09:43.382 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% And in the case of coral, that coral itself is alive. 09:43.382 --> 09:46.218 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% It's not just rock formations. 09:46.218 --> 09:47.553 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% And the ocean 09:47.553 --> 09:49.355 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% is a massive, 09:49.355 --> 09:50.690 align:left position:30% line:89% size:60% massive book 09:50.690 --> 09:52.925 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% that we have partially misjudged 09:52.925 --> 09:54.860 align:left position:10% line:89% size:80% by just focusing on the cover. 09:56.729 --> 10:00.299 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% I think that makes us all like Mer-people, basically. 10:00.299 --> 10:02.401 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Yeah. Call Mer-tunde. 10:03.235 --> 10:04.070 align:left position:40% line:89% size:50% Hey you. 10:04.070 --> 10:05.304 align:left position:20% line:89% size:70% Thanks for watching. 10:05.304 --> 10:06.939 align:left position:20% line:83% size:70% Do you want more America outdoors? 10:06.939 --> 10:09.842 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% Check out these other videos in our playlist or head over 10:09.842 --> 10:14.246 align:left position:10% line:83% size:80% to the PBS video app and pbs.org to watch full episodes.